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Yuan H, Fang CL, Deng YP, Huang J, Niu RZ, Chen JL, Chen TB, Zhu ZQ, Chen L, Xiong LL, Wang TH. A2B5-positive oligodendrocyte precursor cell transplantation improves neurological deficits in rats following spinal cord contusion associated with changes in expression of factors involved in the Notch signaling pathway. Neurochirurgie 2022; 68:188-195. [PMID: 34543615 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are myelinated glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS), able to regenerate oligodendrocytes and myelin. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of A2B5-positive (A2B5+) OPC transplantation in rats with spinal cord contusion (SCC) and to investigate changes in expression of various factors involved in the Notch signaling pathway after OPC transplantation. METHODS OPCs were obtained from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) originating from mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). After identification of iPSCs and iPSC-derived OPCs, A2B5+ OPCs were transplanted into the injured site of rats with SCC one week after SCC insult. Behavioral tests evaluated motor and sensory function 7 days after OPC transplantation. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) determined the expression of various cytokines related to the Notch signaling pathway after OPC transplantation. RESULTS IPSC-derived OPCs were successfully generated from MEFs, as indicated by positive immunostaining of A2B5, PDGFα and NG2. Further differentiation of OPCs was identified by immunostaining of Olig2, Sox10, Nkx2.2, O4, MBP and GFAP. Importantly, myelin formation was significantly enhanced in the SCC+ OPC group and SCI-induced motor and sensory dysfunction was largely alleviated by A2B5+ OPC transplantation. Expression of factors involved in the Notch signaling pathway (Notch-1, Numb, SHARP1 and NEDD4) was significantly increased after OPC transplantation. CONCLUSIONS A2B5+ OPC transplantation attenuates motor and sensory dysfunction in SCC rats by promoting myelin formation, which may be associated with change in expression of factors involved in the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China; Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - C-L Fang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Anesthesiology, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Western Medicine Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Y-P Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Western Medicine Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - J Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - R-Z Niu
- Laboratory Animal Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - J-L Chen
- Laboratory Animal Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - T-B Chen
- Laboratory Animal Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Z-Q Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - L Chen
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - L-L Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - T-H Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China; Laboratory Animal Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China; Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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2
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Ghane N, Beigi MH, Labbaf S, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Kiani A. Design of hydrogel-based scaffolds for the treatment of spinal cord injuries. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10712-10738. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01842b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based scaffold design approaches for the treatment of spinal cord injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Ghane
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology Cell Science Research Center
- Royan Institute for Biotechnology
- ACECR
- Isfahan
- Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Beigi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology Cell Science Research Center
- Royan Institute for Biotechnology
- ACECR
- Isfahan
- Iran
| | - Sheyda Labbaf
- Biomaterials Research Group
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Iran
| | | | - Amirkianoosh Kiani
- Silicon Hall: Micro/Nano Manufacturing Facility
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
- Ontario Tech University
- Ontario
- Canada
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3
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Duan FX, Shi YJ, Chen J, Ding SQ, Wang FC, Tang J, Wang R, Shen L, Xi J, Qi Q, Lü HZ, Hu JG. Neuroprotective effects of P7C3 against spinal cord injury in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1680-1687. [PMID: 31718264 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219888620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Xiang Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jiao Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Qin Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Chao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - Lin Shen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - Jin Xi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - Qi Qi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
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4
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Guo XY, Duan FX, Chen J, Wang Y, Wang R, Shen L, Qi Q, Jiang ZQ, Zhu AY, Xi J, Lü HZ, Hu JG. Subcutaneous Administration of PDGF-AA Improves the Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:6. [PMID: 30723394 PMCID: PMC6349709 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies by our group have demonstrated that the transplantation of exogenous platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA-overexpressing oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) promotes tissue repair and recovery of neurological function in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, it remains unclear whether treatment with PDGF-AA also affects endogenous oligodendrocytes (OLs) or even neurons, thus promoting further functional recovery after SCI. In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of PDGF-AA treatment by direct subcutaneous injection of PDGF-AA immediately after SCI. We demonstrated that PDGF-AA injection resulted in increased tissue sparing, myelination and functional recovery in rats following SCI. Further experimentation confirmed that PDGF-AA increased the survival of endogenous OPCs and OLs, and promoted the proliferation of OPCs and their differentiation into OLs. Moreover, PDGF-AA also protected motor neurons from death in the injured spinal cord. These results indicated that PDGF-AA administration may be an effective treatment for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Fei-Xiang Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhi-Quan Jiang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - An-You Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jin Xi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jian-Guo Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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5
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May Z, Kumar R, Fuehrmann T, Tam R, Vulic K, Forero J, Lucas Osma A, Fenrich K, Assinck P, Lee MJ, Moulson A, Shoichet MS, Tetzlaff W, Biernaskie J, Fouad K. Adult skin-derived precursor Schwann cell grafts form growths in the injured spinal cord of Fischer rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:034101. [PMID: 29068322 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa95f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, GFP+ skin-derived precursor Schwann cells (SKP-SCs) from adult rats were grafted into the injured spinal cord of immunosuppressed rats. Our goal was to improve grafted cell survival in the injured spinal cord, which is typically low. Cells were grafted in hyaluronan-methylcellulose hydrogel (HAMC) or hyaluronan-methylcellulose modified with laminin- and fibronectin-derived peptide sequences (eHAMC). The criteria for selection of hyaluronan was for its shear-thinning properties, making the hydrogel easy to inject, methylcellulose for its inverse thermal gelation, helping to keep grafted cells in situ, and fibronectin and laminin to improve cell attachment and, thus, prevent cell death due to dissociation from substrate molecules (i.e., anoikis). Post-mortem examination revealed large masses of GFP+ SKP-SCs in the spinal cords of rats that received cells in HAMC (5 out of n = 8) and eHAMC (6 out of n = 8). Cell transplantation in eHAMC caused significantly greater spinal lesions compared to lesion and eHAMC only control groups. A parallel study showed similar masses in the contused spinal cord of rats after transplantation of adult GFP+ SKP-SCs without a hydrogel or immunosuppression. These findings suggest that adult GFP+ SKP-SCs, cultured/transplanted under the conditions described here, have a capacity for uncontrolled proliferation. Growth-formation in pre-clinical research has also been documented after transplantation of: human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells (Itakura et al 2015 PLoS One 10 e0116413), embryonic stem cells and embryonic stem cell-derived neurons (Brederlau et al 2006 Stem Cells 24 1433-40; Dressel et al 2008 PLoS One 3 e2622), bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (Jeong et al 2011 Circ. Res. 108 1340-47) and rat nerve-derived SCs following in vitro expansion for >11 passages (Funk et al 2007 Eur. J. Cell Biol. 86 207-19; Langford et al 1988 J. Neurocytology 17 521-9; Morrissey et al 1991 J. Neurosci. 11 2433-42). It is of upmost importance to define the precise culture/transplantation parameters for maintenance of normal cell function and safe and effective use of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacnicte May
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
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Xiong LL, Liu F, Deng SK, Liu J, Dan QQ, Zhang P, Zou Y, Xia QJ, Wang TH. Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Promotes Functional Improvement Associated with NT-3-MEK-1 Activation in Spinal Cord-Transected Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:213. [PMID: 28769769 PMCID: PMC5515877 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transected spinal cord injury (SCT) is a devastating clinical disease that strongly affects a patient’s daily life and remains a great challenge for clinicians. Stem-cell therapy has been proposed as a potential therapeutic modality for SCT. To investigate the effects of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) on the recovery of structure and function in SCT rats and to explore the mechanisms associated with recovery, 57 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham (n = 15), SCT (n = 24), and HSC transplantation groups (n = 15). HSCs (passage 3) labeled by Hoechst 33342, were transplanted intraspinally into the rostral, scar and caudal sites of the transected lesion at 14 days post-operation. Both in vitro and in vivo, HSCs exhibited a capacity for cell proliferation and differentiation. Following HSC transplantation, the animals’ Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB). locomotion scale scores increased significantly between weeks 4 and 24 post-SCT, which corresponded to an increased number of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) fibers and oligodendrocytes. The amount of astrogliosis indicated by immunohistochemical staining, was markedly decreased. Moreover, the decreased expression of neurotrophin- 3 (NT-3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 (MEK-1) after SCT was effectively restored by HSC transplantation. The data from the current study indicate that intraspinally administered HSCs in the chronic phase of SCT results in an improvement in neurological function. Further, the results indicate that intraspinally administered HSCs benefit the underlying mechanisms involved in the enhancement of 5-HT-positive fibers and oligogenesis, the suppression of excessive astrogliosis and the upregulation of NT3-regulated MEK-1 activation in the spinal cord. These crucial findings reveal not only the mechanism of cell therapy, but may also contribute to a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Lin Xiong
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Shi-Kang Deng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Qi-Qin Dan
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Piao Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Qing-Jie Xia
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
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7
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Yao ZF, Wang Y, Lin YH, Wu Y, Zhu AY, Wang R, Shen L, Xi J, Qi Q, Jiang ZQ, Lü HZ, Hu JG. Transplantation of PDGF-AA-Overexpressing Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Promotes Recovery in Rat Following Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:79. [PMID: 28377695 PMCID: PMC5359281 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that Schwann cells (SCs) promote survival, proliferation and migration of co-transplanted oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and neurological recovery in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). A subsequent in vitro study confirmed that SCs modulated OPC proliferation and migration by secreting platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF)-2. We also found that PDGF-AA stimulated OPC proliferation and their differentiation into oligodendrocytes (OLs) at later stages. We therefore speculated that PDGF-AA administration can exert the same effect as SC co-transplantation in SCI repair. To test this hypothesis, in this study we investigated the effect of transplanting PDGF-AA-overexpressing OPCs in a rat model of SCI. We found that PDGF-AA overexpression in OPCs promoted their survival, proliferation, and migration and differentiation into OLs in vivo. OPCs overexpressing PDGF-AA were also associated with increased myelination and tissue repair after SCI, leading to the recovery of neurological function. These results indicate that PDGF-AA-overexpressing OPCs may be an effective treatment for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Feng Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu, China
| | - Yu-Hong Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu, China
| | - An-You Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College Bengbu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College Bengbu, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College Bengbu, China
| | - Jin Xi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College Bengbu, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College Bengbu, China
| | - Zhi-Quan Jiang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College Bengbu, China
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu, China
| | - Jian-Guo Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu, China
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8
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Shroff G, Thakur D, Dhingra V, Baroli DS, Khatri D, Gautam RD. Role of physiotherapy in the mobilization of patients with spinal cord injury undergoing human embryonic stem cells transplantation. Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:41. [PMID: 27766603 PMCID: PMC5073087 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The major complication faced by patients with chronic static spinal cord injury (SCI) is the loss of mobilization. With the aim to rehabilitate SCI patients, physiotherapy is performed worldwide. However, it only helps the patients to live with their disabilities. An interdisciplinary management involving human embryonic stem cell (hESC) therapy along with physiotherapy as a supportive therapy offers regenerative treatment of the patients with SCI. Main body The present study focuses on the role of physiotherapy in the mobilization of patients with SCI (paraplegic 136; tetraplegics 90) undergoing hESC therapy. At admission, patients were assessed on the basis of clinical and American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS), where 153, 32, 36 and 5 patients were designated with AIS score A, B, C and D, respectively. After 8–12 weeks of hESC therapy and physiotherapy, the patients showed clinical and scoring improvement. The patients with AIS score A shifted to B (15.0 %) and C (37.3 %), whereas, patients with grade B moved to C (40.6 %) and D (3.1 %). Patients with AIS score C and D shifted to grade D (13.9 %) and E (60.0 %), respectively. Moreover, orthotic devices were reduced to simpler ones. Conclusion The physiotherapy aided in training of cells and took care of atrophy of limbs, whereas hESC therapy resulted in an overall improvement of the patients with SCI. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40169-016-0122-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Shroff
- Nutech Mediworld, H-8, Green Park Extension, New Delhi, 110016, India. .,Nutech Mediworld, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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9
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Abstract
Trauma is a leading cause of death in both military and civilian populations worldwide. Although medical advances have improved the overall morbidity and mortality often associated with trauma, additional research and innovative advancements in therapeutic interventions are needed to optimize patient outcomes. Cell-based therapies present a novel opportunity to improve trauma and critical care at both the acute and chronic phases that often follow injury. Although this field is still in its infancy, animal and human studies suggest that stem cells may hold great promise for the treatment of brain and spinal cord injuries, organ injuries, and extremity injuries such as those caused by orthopedic trauma, burns, and critical limb ischemia. However, barriers in the translation of cell therapies that include regulatory obstacles, challenges in manufacturing and clinical trial design, and a lack of funding are critical areas in need of development. In 2015, the Department of Defense Combat Casualty Care Research Program held a joint military–civilian meeting as part of its effort to inform the research community about this field and allow for effective planning and programmatic decisions regarding research and development. The objective of this article is to provide a “state of the science” review regarding cellular therapies in trauma and critical care, and to provide a foundation from which the potential of this emerging field can be harnessed to mitigate outcomes in critically ill trauma patients.
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10
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Xie XM, Shi LL, Shen L, Wang R, Qi Q, Wang QY, Zhang LJ, Lü HZ, Hu JG. Co-transplantation of MRF-overexpressing oligodendrocyte precursor cells and Schwann cells promotes recovery in rat after spinal cord injury. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 94:196-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Mukhamedshina YO, Rizvanov AA. Genetically modified human umbilical cord blood cells as a promising strategy for treatment of spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1420-1421. [PMID: 27857742 PMCID: PMC5090841 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.191213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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12
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Schwann cells induce Proliferation and Migration of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Through Secretion of PDGF-AA and FGF-2. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:999-1008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Xu XM. Breaking news in spinal cord injury research: FDA approved phase I clinical trial of human, autologous schwann cell transplantation in patients with spinal cord injuries. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1685-7. [PMID: 25624788 PMCID: PMC4302447 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.22.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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14
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Wang X, Xu XM. Long-term survival, axonal growth-promotion, and myelination of Schwann cells grafted into contused spinal cord in adult rats. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:308-19. [PMID: 24873728 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) have been considered to be one of the most promising cell types for transplantation to treat spinal cord injury (SCI) due to their unique growth-promoting properties. Despite the extensive use as donor cells for transplantation in SCI models, the fate of SCs is controversial due in part to the lack of a reliable marker for tracing the grafted SCs. To precisely assess the fate and temporal profile of transplanted SCs, we isolated purified SCs from sciatic nerves of adult transgenic rats overexpressing GFP (SCs-GFP). SCs-GFP were directly injected into the epicenter of a moderate contusive SCI at the mid-thoracic level at 1week post-injury. The number of SCs-GFP or SCs-GFP labeled with Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was quantified at 5min, 1day, and 1, 2, 4, 12 and 24weeks after cell injection. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale, footfall error, thermal withdrawal latency, and footprint analysis were performed before and after the SCs-GFP transplantation. After transplantation, SCs-GFP quickly filled the lesion cavity. A remarkable survival of grafted SCs-GFP up to 24weeks post-grafting was observed with clearly identified SC individuals. SCs-GFP proliferated after injection, peaked at 2weeks (26% of total SCs-GFP), decreased thereafter, and ceased at 12weeks post-grafting. Although grafted SCs-GFP were mainly confined within the border of surrounding host tissue, they migrated along the central canal for up to 5.0mm at 4weeks post-grafting. Within the lesion site, grafted SCs-GFP myelinated regenerated axons and expressed protein zero (P0) and myelin basic protein (MBP). Within the SCs-GFP grafts, new blood vessels were formed. Except for a significant decrease of angle of rotation in the footprint analysis, we did not observe significant behavioral improvements in BBB locomotor rating scale, thermal withdrawal latency, or footfall errors, compared to the control animals that received no SCs-GFP. We conclude that SCs-GFP can survive remarkably well, proliferate, migrate along the central canal, and myelinate regenerated axons when being grafted into a clinically-relevant contusive SCI in adult rats. Combinatorial strategies, however, are essential to achieve a more meaningful functional regeneration of which SCs may play a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Pêgo AP, Kubinova S, Cizkova D, Vanicky I, Mar FM, Sousa MM, Sykova E. Regenerative medicine for the treatment of spinal cord injury: more than just promises? J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:2564-82. [PMID: 22805417 PMCID: PMC4118226 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury triggers a complex set of events that lead to tissue healing without the restoration of normal function due to the poor regenerative capacity of the spinal cord. Nevertheless, current knowledge about the intrinsic regenerative ability of central nervous system axons, when in a supportive environment, has made the prospect of treating spinal cord injury a reality. Among the range of strategies under investigation, cell-based therapies offer the most promising results, due to the multifactorial roles that these cells can fulfil. However, the best cell source is still a matter of debate, as are clinical issues that include the optimal cell dose as well as the timing and route of administration. In this context, the role of biomaterials is gaining importance. These can not only act as vehicles for the administered cells but also, in the case of chronic lesions, can be used to fill the permanent cyst, thus creating a more favourable and conducive environment for axonal regeneration in addition to serving as local delivery systems of therapeutic agents to improve the regenerative milieu. Some of the candidate molecules for the future are discussed in view of the knowledge derived from studying the mechanisms that facilitate the intrinsic regenerative capacity of central nervous system neurons. The future challenge for the multidisciplinary teams working in the field is to translate the knowledge acquired in basic research into effective combinatorial therapies to be applied in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Pêgo
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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16
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Hu JG, Wang XF, Deng LX, Liu NK, Gao X, Chen J, Zhou FC, Xu XM. Cotransplantation of Glial Restricted Precursor Cells and Schwann Cells Promotes Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:2219-36. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x661373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte (OL) replacement can be a promising strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. However, the poor posttransplantation survival and inhibitory properties to axonal regeneration are two major challenges that limit their use as donor cells for repair of CNS injuries. Therefore, strategies aimed at enhancing the survival of grafted oligodendrocytes as well as reducing their inhibitory properties, such as the use of more permissive oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), also called glial restricted precursor cells (GRPs), should be highly prioritized. Schwann cell (SC) transplantation is a promising translational strategy to promote axonal regeneration after CNS injuries, partly due to their expression and secretion of multiple growth-promoting factors. Whether grafted SCs have any effect on the biological properties of grafted GRPs remains unclear. Here we report that either SCs or SC-conditioned medium (SCM) promoted the survival, proliferation, and migration of GRPs in vitro. When GRPs and SCs were cografted into the normal or injured spinal cord, robust survival, proliferation, and migration of grafted GRPs were observed. Importantly, grafted GRPs differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes and formed new myelin on axons caudal to the injury. Finally, cografts of GRPs and SCs promoted recovery of function following SCI. We conclude that cotransplantation of GRPs and SCs, the only two kinds of myelin-forming cells in the nervous system, act complementarily and synergistically to promote greater anatomical and functional recovery after SCI than when either cell type is used alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Hu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ling-Xiao Deng
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nai-Kui Liu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Feng C. Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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A novel growth-promoting pathway formed by GDNF-overexpressing Schwann cells promotes propriospinal axonal regeneration, synapse formation, and partial recovery of function after spinal cord injury. J Neurosci 2013; 33:5655-67. [PMID: 23536080 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2973-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Descending propriospinal neurons (DPSN) are known to establish functional relays for supraspinal signals, and they display a greater growth response after injury than do the long projecting axons. However, their regenerative response is still deficient due to their failure to depart from growth supportive cellular transplants back into the host spinal cord, which contains numerous impediments to axon growth. Here we report the construction of a continuous growth-promoting pathway in adult rats, formed by grafted Schwann cells overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). We demonstrate that such a growth-promoting pathway, extending from the axonal cut ends to the site of innervation in the distal spinal cord, promoted regeneration of DPSN axons through and beyond the lesion gap of a spinal cord hemisection. Within the distal host spinal cord, regenerated DPSN axons formed synapses with host neurons leading to the restoration of action potentials and partial recovery of function.
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Wu W, Wu W, Zou J, Shi F, Yang S, Liu Y, Lu P, Ma Z, Zhu H, Xu XM. Axonal and Glial Responses to a Mid-Thoracic Spinal Cord Hemisection in the Macaca fascicularis Monkey. J Neurotrauma 2013; 30:826-39. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jian Zou
- Department of Neurobiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, the First Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Fujun Shi
- Department of Neurobiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Senfu Yang
- Jinghong Breeding Station, Yunnan Laboratory Primates Inc., Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yansheng Liu
- PLA Clinical Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Peihua Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwen Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhu
- PLA Clinical Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- PLA Clinical Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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19
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Liu D, Shan Y, Valluru L, Bao F. Mn (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin scavenges reactive species, reduces oxidative stress, and improves functional recovery after experimental spinal cord injury in rats: comparison with methylprednisolone. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:23. [PMID: 23452429 PMCID: PMC3608940 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial experimental evidence supports that reactive species mediate secondary damage after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) by inducing oxidative stress. Removal of reactive species may reduce secondary damage following SCI. This study explored the effectiveness of a catalytic antioxidant - Mn (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin (MnTBAP) - in removing reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing oxidative stress, and improving functional recovery in vivo in a rat impact SCI model. The efficiency of MnTBAP was also compared with that of methylprednisolone - the only drug used clinically in treating acute SCI. RESULTS In vivo measurements of time courses of ROS production by microdialysis and microcannula sampling in MnTBAP, methylprednisolone, and saline (as vehicle control)-treated SCI rats showed that both agents significantly reduced the production of hydrogen peroxide, but only MnTBAP significantly reduced superoxide elevation after SCI. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that MnTBAP scavenged both of the preceding ROS, whereas methylprednisolone had no effect on either. By counting the immuno-positive neurons in the spinal cord sections immunohistochemically stained with anti-nitrotyrosine and anti-4-hydroxy-nonenal antibodies as the markers of protein nitration and membrane lipid peroxidation, we demonstrated that MnTBAP significantly reduced the numbers of 4-hydroxy-nonenal-positive and nitrotyrosine-positive neurons in the sections at 1.55 to 2.55 mm and 1.1 to 3.1 mm, respectively, rostral to the injury epicenter compared to the vehicle-treated animals. By behavioral tests (open field and inclined plane tests), we demonstrated that at 4 hours post-SCI treatment with MnTBAP and the standard methylprednisolone regimen both significantly increased test scores compared to those produced by vehicle treatment. However, the outcomes for MnTBAP-treated rats were significantly better than those for methylprednisolone-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated for the first time in vivo and in vitro that MnTBAP significantly reduced the levels of SCI-elevated ROS and that MnTBAP is superior to methylprednisolone in removing ROS. Removal of ROS by MnTBAP significantly reduced protein nitration and membrane lipid peroxidation in neurons. MnTBAP more effectively reduced neurological deficits than did methylprednisolone after SCI - the first most important criterion for assessing SCI treatments. These results support the therapeutic potential of MnTBAP in treating SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxia Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Rt. 0881, Galveston, TX 77555-0881, USA.
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20
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Jain KK. Regenerative Therapy for Central Nervous System Trauma. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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21
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Kubinová S, Syková E. Biomaterials combined with cell therapy for treatment of spinal cord injury. Regen Med 2012; 7:207-24. [PMID: 22397610 DOI: 10.2217/rme.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating traumatic injury resulting in paralysis or sensory deficits due to tissue damage and the poor ability of axons to regenerate across the lesion. Despite extensive research, there is still no effective treatment that would restore lost function after SCI. A possible therapeutic approach would be to bridge the area of injury with a bioengineered scaffold that would create a stimulatory environment as well as provide guidance cues for the re-establishment of damaged axonal connections. Advanced scaffold design aims at the fabrication of complex materials providing the concomitant delivery of cells, neurotrophic factors or other bioactive substances to achieve a synergistic effect for treatment. This review summarizes the current utilization of scaffolding materials for SCI treatment in terms of their physicochemical properties and emphasizes their use in combination with various cell types, as well as with other combinatorial approaches promoting spinal cord repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sárka Kubinová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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22
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Hu JG, Shen L, Wang R, Wang QY, Zhang C, Xi J, Ma SF, Zhou JS, Lü HZ. Effects of Olig2-overexpressing neural stem cells and myelin basic protein-activated T cells on recovery from spinal cord injury. Neurotherapeutics 2012; 9:422-45. [PMID: 22173726 PMCID: PMC3337015 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-011-0090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation is a major focus of current research for treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, it is very important to promote the survival and differentiation of NSCs into myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs). In this study, myelin basic protein-activated T (MBP-T) cells were passively immunized to improve the SCI microenvironment. Olig2-overexpressing NSCs were infected with a lentivirus carrying the enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene to generate Olig2-GFP-NSCs that were transplanted into the injured site to differentiate into OLs. Transferred MBP-T cells infiltrated the injured spinal cord, produced neurotrophic factors, and induced the differentiation of resident microglia and/or infiltrating blood monocytes into an "alternatively activated" anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype by producing interleukin-13. As a result, the survival of transplanted NSCs increased fivefold in MBP-T cell-transferred rats compared with that of the vehicle-treated control. In addition, the differentiation of MBP-positive OLs increased 12-fold in Olig2-GFP-NSC-transplanted rats compared with that of GFP-NSC-transplanted controls. In the MBP-T cell and Olig2-GFP-NSC combined group, the number of OL-remyelinated axons significantly increased compared with those of all other groups. However, a significant decrease in spinal cord lesion volume and an increase in spared myelin and behavioral recovery were observed in Olig2-NSC- and NSC-transplanted MBP-T cell groups. Collectively, these results suggest that MBP-T cell adoptive immunotherapy combined with NSC transplantation has a synergistic effect on histological and behavioral improvement after traumatic SCI. Although Olig2 overexpression enhances OL differentiation and myelination, the effect on functional recovery may be surpassed by MBP-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Hu
- />Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
- />Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Shen
- />Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- />Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-Yi Wang
- />Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- />Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Xi
- />Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan-Feng Ma
- />Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Sheng Zhou
- />Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- />Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
- />Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
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23
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Silva NA, Sousa RA, Pires AO, Sousa N, Salgado AJ, Reis RL. Interactions between Schwann and olfactory ensheathing cells with a starch/polycaprolactone scaffold aimed at spinal cord injury repair. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 100:470-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Béduer A, Vieu C, Arnauduc F, Sol JC, Loubinoux I, Vaysse L. Engineering of adult human neural stem cells differentiation through surface micropatterning. Biomaterials 2011; 33:504-14. [PMID: 22014459 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between differentiating neural stem cells and the extracellular environment guides the establishment of cell polarity during nervous system development. Developing neurons read the physical properties of the local substrate in a contact-dependent manner and retrieve essential guidance cues. To restore damage brain area by tissue engineering, the biomaterial scaffold has to mimic this microenvironment to allow organized tissue regeneration. To establish the validity of using microgrooved surfaces in order to simultaneously provide to primary adult human neural stem cells a permissive growth environment and a guide for neurite outgrowth in a pre-established direction, we have studied the long-term culture of adult human neural stem cells from patient biopsies on microgrooved polymers. By exploiting polymer moulding techniques, we engineered non-cytotoxic deep microstructured surfaces of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) exhibiting microchannels of various widths. Our results demonstrate that precoated micropatterned PDMS surfaces can serve as effective neurite guidance surfaces for human neural stem cells. Immunocytochemistry analysis show that channel width can impact strongly development and differentiation. In particular we found an optimal microchannel width, that conciliates a high differentiation rate with a pronounced alignment of neurites along the edges of the microchannels. The impact of the microstructures on neurite orientation turned out to be strongly influenced by cell density, attesting that cell/surface interactions at the origin of the alignment effect, are in competition with cell/cell interactions tending to promote interconnected networks of cells. Considering all these effects, we have been able to design appropriate structures allowing to obtain neuron development and differentiation rate comparable to a plane unpatterned surface, with an efficient neurite guidance and a long-term cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Béduer
- CNRS-LAAS, 7avenue du colonel Roche, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
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25
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Saberi H, Firouzi M, Habibi Z, Moshayedi P, Aghayan HR, Arjmand B, Hosseini K, Razavi HE, Yekaninejad MS. Safety of intramedullary Schwann cell transplantation for postrehabilitation spinal cord injuries: 2-year follow-up of 33 cases. J Neurosurg Spine 2011; 15:515-25. [PMID: 21800956 DOI: 10.3171/2011.6.spine10917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Many experimental studies on spinal cord injuries (SCIs) support behavioral improvement after Schwann cell treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate safety issues 2 years after intramedullary Schwann cell transplantation in 33 consecutively selected patients with SCI. METHODS Of 356 patients with SCIs who had completed at least 6 months of a conventional rehabilitation program and who were screened for the study criteria, 33 were enrolled. After giving their informed consent, they volunteered for participation. They underwent sural nerve harvesting and intramedullary injection of a processed Schwann cell solution. Outcome assessments included a general health questionnaire, neurological examination, and functional recordings in terms of American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) and Functional Independence Measure scoring, which were documented by independent observers. There were 24 patients with thoracic and 9 with cervical injuries. Sixteen patients were categorized in ASIA Grade A, and the 17 remaining participants had ASIA Grade B. RESULTS There were no cases of deep infection, and the follow-up MR imaging studies obtained at 2 years did not reveal any deformity related to the procedure. There was no case of permanent neurological worsening or any infectious or viral complications. No new increment in syrinx size or abnormal tissue and/or tumor formation were observed on contrast-enhanced MR imaging studies performed 2 years after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results, especially in terms of safety, seem to be promising, paving the way for future cell therapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooshang Saberi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Regenerative Therapy for Central Nervous System Trauma. Regen Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9075-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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27
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Onifer SM, Zhang O, Whitnel-Smith LK, Raza K, O'Dell CR, Lyttle TS, Rabchevsky AG, Kitzman PH, Burke DA. Horizontal ladder task-specific re-training in adult rats with contusive thoracic spinal cord injury. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2011; 29:275-86. [PMID: 21697591 PMCID: PMC3544551 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-2011-598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Using the horizontal ladder task, we examined some issues that need to be resolved before task-specific rehabilitative training can be employed clinically for the frequent contusive spinal cord injury (SCI). We hypothesized that improving recovery in task performance after contusive thoracic SCI requires frequent re-training and initiating the re-training early during spontaneous recovery. METHODS Contusive SCI was produced at the adult female Sprague Dawley rat T10 vertebra. Task re-training was initiated one week later when occasional weight-supported plantar steps were taken overground (n = 8). It consisted of 2 repetitions each day, 5 days each week, for 3 weeks. Task performance and overground locomotion were assessed weekly. Neurotransmission through the SCI ventrolateral funiculus was examined. SCI morphometry was determined. RESULTS Re-training did not improve task performance recovery compared to untrained Controls (n = 7). Untrained overground locomotion and neurotransmission through the SCI did not change. Lesion area at the injury epicenter as a percentage of the total spinal cord area as well as total tissue, lesion, and spared tissue, white matter, or gray matter volumes did not differ. CONCLUSIONS For the horizontal ladder task after contusive thoracic SCI, earlier re-training sessions with more repetitions and critical neural circuitry may be necessary to engender a rehabilitation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Onifer
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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28
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Smith GM, Onifer SM. Construction of pathways to promote axon growth within the adult central nervous system. Brain Res Bull 2010; 84:300-5. [PMID: 20554000 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inducing significant axon growth or regeneration after spinal cord injury has been difficult, primarily due to the poor growth supportive environment and low intrinsic growth ability of neurons within the CNS. Neurotrophins alone have been shown to readily induce regeneration of sensory axons after dorsal root lesions, however if neurotrophin gradients are expressed within the spinal cord these axons fail to terminate within appropriate target regions. Under such conditions, addition of a "stop" signal reduces growth into deeper dorsal laminae to support more specific targeting. Such neurotrophin gradients alone lose their effectiveness when lesions are within the spinal cord, requiring a combined treatment regime. Construction of pathways using combined treatments support good regeneration when they increase the intrinsic growth properties of neurons, provide a bridge across the lesion site, and supply a growth supportive substrate to induce axon growth out of the bridge and back into the host. Neurotrophin gradients distal to the bridge greatly enhance axon outgrowth. In disorders where neuronal circuits are lost, construction of preformed growth supportive pathways sustain long distance axon growth from a neuronal transplant to distal target locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Smith
- Department of Physiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40536, USA.
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Sieck GC, Mantilla CB. Foreword to special issue: spinal cord injury-neuroplasticity and recovery of respiratory function. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2009; 169:83-4. [PMID: 19748600 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 08/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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