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Chen Y, Li M, Wu Y. The occurrence and development of induced pluripotent stem cells. Front Genet 2024; 15:1389558. [PMID: 38699229 PMCID: PMC11063328 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1389558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The ectopic expression of four transcription factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM), known as "Yamanaka factors," can reprogram or stimulate the production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Although OSKM is still the gold standard, there are multiple ways to reprogram cells into iPSCs. In recent years, significant progress has been made in improving the efficiency of this technology. Ten years after the first report was published, human pluripotent stem cells have gradually been applied in clinical settings, including disease modeling, cell therapy, new drug development, and cell derivation. Here, we provide a review of the discovery of iPSCs and their applications in disease and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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2
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Xu Z, Yang J, Xin X, Liu C, Li L, Mei X, Li M. Merits and challenges of iPSC-derived organoids for clinical applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1188905. [PMID: 37305682 PMCID: PMC10250752 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1188905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have entered an unprecedented state of development since they were first generated. They have played a critical role in disease modeling, drug discovery, and cell replacement therapy, and have contributed to the evolution of disciplines such as cell biology, pathophysiology of diseases, and regenerative medicine. Organoids, the stem cell-derived 3D culture systems that mimic the structure and function of organs in vitro, have been widely used in developmental research, disease modeling, and drug screening. Recent advances in combining iPSCs with 3D organoids are facilitating further applications of iPSCs in disease research. Organoids derived from embryonic stem cells, iPSCs, and multi-tissue stem/progenitor cells can replicate the processes of developmental differentiation, homeostatic self-renewal, and regeneration due to tissue damage, offering the potential to unravel the regulatory mechanisms of development and regeneration, and elucidate the pathophysiological processes involved in disease mechanisms. Herein, we have summarized the latest research on the production scheme of organ-specific iPSC-derived organoids, the contribution of these organoids in the treatment of various organ-related diseases, in particular their contribution to COVID-19 treatment, and have discussed the unresolved challenges and shortcomings of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lequn Branch, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxu Yang
- Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xianyi Xin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chengrun Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xianglin Mei
- Department of pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meiying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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3
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A Simplified and Effective Approach for the Isolation of Small Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Human Peripheral Blood. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030787. [PMID: 36979766 PMCID: PMC10045871 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells are key players in regenerative medicine. Embryonic pluripotent stem cells, despite their significant advantages, are associated with limitations such as their inadequate availability and the ethical dilemmas in their isolation and clinical use. The discovery of very small embryonic-like (VSEL) stem cells addressed the aforementioned limitations, but their isolation technique remains a challenge due to their small cell size and their efficiency in isolation. Here, we report a simplified and effective approach for the isolation of small pluripotent stem cells derived from human peripheral blood. Our approach results in a high yield of small blood stem cell (SBSC) population, which expresses pluripotent embryonic markers (e.g., Nanog, SSEA-3) and the Yamanaka factors. Further, a fraction of SBSCs also co-express hematopoietic markers (e.g., CD45 and CD90) and/or mesenchymal markers (e.g., CD29, CD105 and PTH1R), suggesting a mixed stem cell population. Finally, quantitative proteomic profiling reveals that SBSCs contain various stem cell markers (CD9, ITGA6, MAPK1, MTHFD1, STAT3, HSPB1, HSPA4), and Transcription reg complex factors (e.g., STAT5B, PDLIM1, ANXA2, ATF6, CAMK1). In conclusion, we present a novel, simplified and effective isolating process that yields an abundant population of small-sized cells with characteristics of pluripotency from human peripheral blood.
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The Exciting Realities and Possibilities of iPS-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020237. [PMID: 36829731 PMCID: PMC9952364 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a prevalent topic after their discovery, advertised as an ethical alternative to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Due to their ability to differentiate into several kinds of cells, including cardiomyocytes, researchers quickly realized the potential for differentiated cardiomyocytes to be used in the treatment of heart failure, a research area with few alternatives. This paper discusses the differentiation process for human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and the possible applications of said cells while answering some questions regarding ethical issues.
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Gao P, Liu S, Wang X, Ikeya M. Dental applications of induced pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:162-171. [PMID: 35516907 PMCID: PMC9065891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal tissue regeneration is the ideal tactic for treating periodontitis. Tooth regeneration is the potential strategy to restore the lost teeth. With infinite self-renewal, broad differentiation potential, and less ethical issues than embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising cell resource for periodontal and tooth regeneration. This review summarized the optimized technologies of generating iPSC lines and application of iPSC derivatives, which reduce the risk of tumorigenicity. Given that iPSCs may have epigenetic memory from the donor tissue and tend to differentiate into lineages along with the donor cells, iPSCs derived from dental tissues may benefit for personalized dental application. Neural crest cells (NCCs) and mesenchymal stem or stomal cells (MSCs) are lineage-specific progenitor cells derived from iPSCs and can differentiate into multilineage cell types. This review introduced the updated technologies of inducing iPSC-derived NCCs and iPSC-derived MSCs and their application in periodontal and tooth regeneration. Given the complexity of periodontal tissues and teeth, it is crucial to elucidate the integrated mechanisms of all constitutive cells and the spatio-temporal interactions among them to generate structural periodontal tissues and functional teeth. Thus, more sophisticated studies in vitro and in vivo and even preclinical investigations need to be conducted.
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Liu B, Li M, Zhang L, Chen Z, Lu P. Motor neuron replacement therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1633-1639. [PMID: 35017408 PMCID: PMC8820706 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a motor neuron degenerative disease that is also known as Lou Gehrig's disease in the United States, Charcot's disease in France, and motor neuron disease in the UK. The loss of motor neurons causes muscle wasting, paralysis, and eventually death, which is commonly related to respiratory failure, within 3-5 years after onset of the disease. Although there are a limited number of drugs approved for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, they have had little success at treating the associated symptoms, and they cannot reverse the course of motor neuron degeneration. Thus, there is still a lack of effective treatment for this debilitating neurodegenerative disorder. Stem cell therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a very attractive strategy for both basic and clinical researchers, particularly as transplanted stem cells and stem cell-derived neural progenitor/precursor cells can protect endogenous motor neurons and directly replace the lost or dying motor neurons. Stem cell therapies may also be able to re-establish the motor control of voluntary muscles. Here, we review the recent progress in the use of neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We focus on MN progenitor cells derived from fetal central nervous system tissue, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. In our recent studies, we found that transplanted human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neuron progenitors survive well, differentiate into motor neurons, and extend axons into the host white matter, not only in the rostrocaudal direction, but also along motor axon tracts towards the ventral roots in the immunodeficient rat spinal cord. Furthermore, the significant motor axonal extension after neural progenitor cell transplantation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis models demonstrates that motor neuron replacement therapy could be a promising therapeutic strategy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, particularly as a variety of stem cell derivatives, including induced pluripotent stem cells, are being considered for clinical trials for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Liu
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education; Center of Neural Injury and Repair; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Li
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education; Center of Neural Injury and Repair; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- iXCells Biotechnologies USA, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Amogene Biotech, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education; Center of Neural Injury and Repair; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Paul Lu
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego; Department of Neurosciences, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Biological characteristics of dental pulp stem cells and their potential use in regenerative medicine. J Oral Biosci 2022; 64:26-36. [PMID: 35031479 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerative medicine has emerged as a multidisciplinary field with the promising potential of renewing tissues and organs. The main types of adult stem cells used in clinical trials are hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Stem cells are defined as self-renewing clonogenic progenitor cells that can generate one or more types of specialized cells. HIGHLIGHT MSCs form adipose, cartilage, and bone tissue. Their protective and regenerative effects, such as mitogenic, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic effects, are mediated through paracrine and endocrine mechanisms. Dental pulp is a valuable source of stem cells because the collection of dental pulp for stem cell isolation is non-invasive, in contrast to conventional sources, such as bone marrow and adipose tissue. Teeth are an excellent source of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for therapeutic procedures and they can be easily obtained after tooth extraction or the shedding of deciduous teeth. Thus, there is increased interest in optimizing and establishing standard procedures for obtaining DPSCs; preserving well-defined DPSC cultures for specific applications; and increasing the efficiency, reproducibility, and safety of the clinical use of DPSCs. CONCLUSION This review comprehensively describes the biological characteristics and origins of DPSCs, their identification and harvesting, key aspects related to their characterization, their multilineage differentiation potential, current clinical applications, and their potential use in regenerative medicine for future dental and medical applications.
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MYCL promotes iPSC-like colony formation via MYC Box 0 and 2 domains. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24254. [PMID: 34930932 PMCID: PMC8688507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can differentiate into cells of the three germ layers and are promising cell sources for regenerative medicine therapies. However, current protocols generate hiPSCs with low efficiency, and the generated iPSCs have variable differentiation capacity among different clones. Our previous study reported that MYC proteins (c-MYC and MYCL) are essential for reprogramming and germline transmission but that MYCL can generate hiPSC colonies more efficiently than c-MYC. The molecular underpinnings for the different reprogramming efficiencies between c-MYC and MYCL, however, are unknown. In this study, we found that MYC Box 0 (MB0) and MB2, two functional domains conserved in the MYC protein family, contribute to the phenotypic differences and promote hiPSC generation in MYCL-induced reprogramming. Proteome analyses suggested that in MYCL-induced reprogramming, cell adhesion-related cytoskeletal proteins are regulated by the MB0 domain, while the MB2 domain regulates RNA processes. These findings provide a molecular explanation for why MYCL has higher reprogramming efficiency than c-MYC.
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El-Kadiry AEH, Rafei M, Shammaa R. Cell Therapy: Types, Regulation, and Clinical Benefits. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:756029. [PMID: 34881261 PMCID: PMC8645794 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.756029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy practices date back to the 19th century and continue to expand on investigational and investment grounds. Cell therapy includes stem cell- and non-stem cell-based, unicellular and multicellular therapies, with different immunophenotypic profiles, isolation techniques, mechanisms of action, and regulatory levels. Following the steps of their predecessor cell therapies that have become established or commercialized, investigational and premarket approval-exempt cell therapies continue to provide patients with promising therapeutic benefits in different disease areas. In this review article, we delineate the vast types of cell therapy, including stem cell-based and non-stem cell-based cell therapies, and create the first-in-literature compilation of the different "multicellular" therapies used in clinical settings. Besides providing the nuts and bolts of FDA policies regulating their use, we discuss the benefits of cell therapies reported in 3 therapeutic areas-regenerative medicine, immune diseases, and cancer. Finally, we contemplate the recent attention shift toward combined therapy approaches, highlighting the factors that render multicellular therapies a more attractive option than their unicellular counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed El-Hakim El-Kadiry
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Moutih Rafei
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Riam Shammaa
- Canadian Centre for Regenerative Therapy, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Chen H. Stem cell translational medicine: The Tianjin model revisited. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10 Suppl 2:S4-S9. [PMID: 34724723 PMCID: PMC8560194 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells hold great promise for cell therapy to treat a wide spectrum of intractable diseases. Despite enthusiasm for stem cell therapy, the clinical and translational research of stem cells overall has been a slow and cumbersome process. This article uses the "technological system" as a framework to analyze the Tianjin model of stem cell translational medicine. It shows how heterogeneous elements interact with one another and relate to scientific, technological, social, economic, and political variables in order to fulfill the system goal of producing cell therapy in China. Then the strengths and weaknesses of the Tianjin model are compared with translational programs in other countries and the implications for the cell therapy industry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidan Chen
- Department of Medical Ethics and LawSchool of Health Humanities, Peking UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China
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Choudhury S, Surendran N, Das A. Recent advances in the induced pluripotent stem cell-based skin regeneration. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:697-710. [PMID: 33970525 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin regeneration has been a challenging clinical problem especially in cases of chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, and epidermolysis bullosa-related skin blisters. Prolonged non-healing wounds often lead to bacterial infections increasing the severity of wounds. Current treatment strategies for chronic wounds include debridement of wounds along with antibiotics, growth factors, and stem cell transplantation therapies. However, the compromised nature of autologous stem cells in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes limits the efficacy of the therapy. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has immensely influenced the field of regenerative therapy. Enormous efforts have been made to develop integration-free iPSCs suitable for clinical therapies. This review focuses on recent advances in the methods and reprogramming factors for generating iPSCs along with the existing challenges such as genetic alterations, tumorigenicity, immune rejection, and regulatory hurdles for the clinical application of iPSCs. Furthermore, this review also highlights the benefits of using iPSCs for the generation of skin cells and skin disease modeling over the existing clinical therapies for skin regeneration in chronic wounds and skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subholakshmi Choudhury
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Nidhi Surendran
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Yoneda T, Choi BH, Gupta PK, Ho CY, Tsui YP, Wang LM, Fujiwara Y, Karasawa H, Moriya Y, Bando K, Kamiyama Y, Kanki M, Omura K, Watanabe T, Bae Y, Chou FC, Ham DS, Lee JY, Liu G, Liu Y, Ooi J, Tsurumaki Y. Non-clinical assessment of cell therapy products: the perspective from five Asian countries/regions based on regulatory guidelines and the underpinning rationales. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:874-885. [PMID: 34116946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based regenerative medicine is an innovative field that can potentially alter the overall survival and quality of life of patients with devastating diseases. Several cell therapy products (CTPs) have been approved within the last two decades, and more are under development. The establishment of an effective developmental strategy in accordance with the regulatory bodies of each country/region is crucial for fast delivery of each respective CTP. In particular, facilitating investigational new drug (IND) approval is important for accelerating the transition from non-clinical to clinical research/trial phases. METHODS Here the authors compared the non-clinical prerequisites for initiating clinical studies in five Asian countries/regions (India, China, Korea, Taiwan and Japan) from an industry viewpoint. The authors first identified the differences and tried to clarify the perspectives/considerations underpinning the different requirements. RESULTS The authors' findings revealed that differences in regulations and development experiences, especially with CTPs, have led to clear differences in the non-clinical study package and its corresponding study design. CONCLUSIONS By sharing experiences of the research and development of CTPs among Asian countries/regions and including not only industry but also regulatory authorities, we will be able to expedite cross-border IND approval and eventually contribute to the early delivery of innovative CTPs to many Asian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yoneda
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma K.K., Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Byung H Choi
- Strategic Center for Regenerative Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | | | | | - Yat P Tsui
- Help Therapeutics Co, Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Yukari Fujiwara
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma K.K., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuu Moriya
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yohan Bae
- Kangstem Biotech, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Joo Y Lee
- Xcell Therapeutics, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Yongjun Liu
- Beijing Baylx Biotech Co, Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - James Ooi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yoshie Tsurumaki
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma K.K., Tokyo, Japan
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Fan BS, Liu Y, Zhang JY, Chen YR, Yang M, Yu JK. Principles for establishment of the stem cell bank and its applications on management of sports injuries. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:307. [PMID: 34051865 PMCID: PMC8164236 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stem cells of the stem cell banks have prominent problems for insufficient sources, easy contamination, unstable biological characteristics after serial subcultivations, and high cost. METHODS After collecting the construction processes of the existing stem cell banks and suggestions from authoritative experts in the past 10 years, 230 reference principles were obtained, and finally, the principles of "5C" for the establishment of modern standardized stem cell banks were summarized, and their related applications on the management of sports injuries were reviewed as well. RESULTS The basic principles of "5C" for the establishment of modern standardized stem cell banks include (1) principle of informed consent, (2) confidentiality principle, (3) conformity principle, (4) contamination-free principle, and (5) commonweal principle. The applications of stem cells on repairs, reconstructions, and regenerations of sports injuries were also reviewed, especially in tissue-engineered cartilage, tissue-engineered meniscus, and tissue-engineered ligament. CONCLUSIONS The proposal of the basic principles of "5C" is conducive to relevant stem cell researchers and clinical medical experts to build modern stem cell banks in a more standardized and efficient manner while avoiding some major mistakes or problems that may occur in the future. On this basis, stem cells from stem cell banks would be increasingly used in the management of sports injuries. More importantly, these days, getting stem cell samples are difficult in a short time, and such banks with proper legal consent may help the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Shi Fan
- Sports Medicine Department of the Institution of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, No. 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, No. 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, No.7166 West, Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Sports Medicine Department of the Institution of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, No. 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, No. 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ji-Ying Zhang
- Sports Medicine Department of the Institution of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, No. 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, No. 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - You-Rong Chen
- Sports Medicine Department of the Institution of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, No. 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, No. 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Sports Medicine Department of the Institution of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, No. 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, No. 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, No.7166 West, Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Kuo Yu
- Sports Medicine Department of the Institution of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, No. 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, No. 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Abdollahiyan P, Oroojalian F, Hejazi M, de la Guardia M, Mokhtarzadeh A. Nanotechnology, and scaffold implantation for the effective repair of injured organs: An overview on hard tissue engineering. J Control Release 2021; 333:391-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Nath SC, Harper L, Rancourt DE. Cell-Based Therapy Manufacturing in Stirred Suspension Bioreactor: Thoughts for cGMP Compliance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:599674. [PMID: 33324625 PMCID: PMC7726241 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.599674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy (CBT) is attracting much attention to treat incurable diseases. In recent years, several clinical trials have been conducted using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), and other potential therapeutic cells. Various private- and government-funded organizations are investing in finding permanent cures for diseases that are difficult or expensive to treat over a lifespan, such as age-related macular degeneration, Parkinson’s disease, or diabetes, etc. Clinical-grade cell manufacturing requiring current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) has therefore become an important issue to make safe and effective CBT products. Current cell production practices are adopted from conventional antibody or protein production in the pharmaceutical industry, wherein cells are used as a vector to produce the desired products. With CBT, however, the “cells are the final products” and sensitive to physico- chemical parameters and storage conditions anywhere between isolation and patient administration. In addition, the manufacturing of cellular products involves multi-stage processing, including cell isolation, genetic modification, PSC derivation, expansion, differentiation, purification, characterization, cryopreservation, etc. Posing a high risk of product contamination, these can be time- and cost- prohibitive due to maintenance of cGMP. The growing demand of CBT needs integrated manufacturing systems that can provide a more simple and cost-effective platform. Here, we discuss the current methods and limitations of CBT, based upon experience with biologics production. We review current cell manufacturing integration, automation and provide an overview of some important considerations and best cGMP practices. Finally, we propose how multi-stage cell processing can be integrated into a single bioreactor, in order to develop streamlined cGMP-compliant cell processing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman C Nath
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lane Harper
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Derrick E Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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16
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Shiba Y. Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cardiac Regeneration - Current Status, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Circ J 2020; 84:2129-2135. [PMID: 33087630 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-0755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Loss of myocardium permanently impairs cardiac function because the adult mammalian heart has limited regenerative capacity. Strategies to regenerate injured heart tissue include the transplantation of multiple types of stem cells. Among them, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are a promising option because of their unlimited self-renewal and unequivocal cardiomyogenic ability. To date, advances in stem cell biology allow generation of relatively homogeneous human PSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs). In this regard, preclinical studies of PSC-CM transplantation in rodents and larger animal models have provided convincing proof-of-concept results, triggering clinical studies in multiple countries. However, a few important uncertainties are yet to be addressed, warranting further investigation before clinical implementation of this novel therapy. An overview of the potential of stem cell therapy to provide new CMs for cardiac regeneration is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Shiba
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University
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17
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Umezawa A, Sato Y, Kusakawa S, Amagase R, Akutsu H, Nakamura K, Kasahara M, Matsubara Y, Igarashi T. Research and Development Strategy for Future Embryonic Stem Cell-Based Therapy in Japan. JMA J 2020; 3:287-294. [PMID: 33225099 PMCID: PMC7676987 DOI: 10.31662/jmaj.2018-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Herewith, we review an updated progress of regenerative medical products using human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in Japan. Two groups from Kyoto University and the National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD) established a novel derivation/cultivation system of ESCs for potential application in translational and clinical research. At the first stage of ESC derivation, murine feeder cells have been used in line with Japanese guidelines on public health associated with the implementation of the xenograft. To avoid exposure of ESCs to animal products in culture media, a xeno-free cultivating system has been established. Twelve ESCs (KhES-1, KhES-2, KhES-3, KhES-4, KhES-5, SEES-1, SEES-2, SEES-3, SEES-4, SEES-5, SEES-6, and SEES-7) are now available under a clinically relevant platform for industrially and clinically applicable regenerative medical products. NCCHD submitted an investigative new drug application to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) for using ESC-based products in patients with hyperammonemia due to genetic defects on March 2018 under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law (now revised to the Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices, and Other Therapeutic Products Act). Currently, up to ten ESC-based products are being prepared for intractable and rare disorders in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Umezawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shinji Kusakawa
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Rin Amagase
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akutsu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakamura
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mureo Kasahara
- Organ Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsubara
- National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Montero P, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Musquiz S, Pérez Araluce M, Plano D, Sanmartín C, Orive G, Gavira JJ, Prosper F, Mazo MM. Cells, Materials, and Fabrication Processes for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:955. [PMID: 32850768 PMCID: PMC7431658 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer worldwide, with myocardial infarction (MI) responsible for approximately 1 in 6 deaths. The lack of endogenous regenerative capacity, added to the deleterious remodelling programme set into motion by myocardial necrosis, turns MI into a progressively debilitating disease, which current pharmacological therapy cannot halt. The advent of Regenerative Therapies over 2 decades ago kick-started a whole new scientific field whose aim was to prevent or even reverse the pathological processes of MI. As a highly dynamic organ, the heart displays a tight association between 3D structure and function, with the non-cellular components, mainly the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), playing both fundamental active and passive roles. Tissue engineering aims to reproduce this tissue architecture and function in order to fabricate replicas able to mimic or even substitute damaged organs. Recent advances in cell reprogramming and refinement of methods for additive manufacturing have played a critical role in the development of clinically relevant engineered cardiovascular tissues. This review focuses on the generation of human cardiac tissues for therapy, paying special attention to human pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives. We provide a perspective on progress in regenerative medicine from the early stages of cell therapy to the present day, as well as an overview of cellular processes, materials and fabrication strategies currently under investigation. Finally, we summarise current clinical applications and reflect on the most urgent needs and gaps to be filled for efficient translation to the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Montero
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Flandes-Iparraguirre
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saioa Musquiz
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Pérez Araluce
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology – UIRMI (UPV/EHU – Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan José Gavira
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Kanetaka K, Eguchi S. Regenerative medicine for the upper gastrointestinal tract. Regen Ther 2020; 15:129-137. [PMID: 33426211 PMCID: PMC7770370 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The main surgical strategy for gastrointestinal tract malignancy is en bloc resection, which consists of not only resection of the involved organs but also simultaneous resection of the surrounding or adjacent mesenteries that contain lymph vessels and nodes. After resection of the diseased organs, the defect of the gastrointestinal conduit is replaced with organs located downstream, such as the stomach and jejunum. However, esophageal and gastric reconstruction using these natural substitutes is associated with a diminished quality of life due to the loss of the reserve function, damage to the antireflux barrier, and dumping syndrome. Thus, replacement of the deficit after resection with the patient's own regenerated tissue to compensate for the lost function and tissue using regenerative medicine will be an ideal treatment. Many researchers have been trying to construct artificial organs through tissue engineering techniques; however, none have yet succeeded in growing a whole organ because of the complicated functions these organs perform, such as the processing and absorption of nutrients. While exciting results have been reported with regard to tissue engineering techniques concerning the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as the esophagus and stomach, most of these achievements have been observed in animal models, and few successful approaches in the clinical setting have been reported for the replacement of mucosal defects. We review the recent progress in regenerative medicine in relation to the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as the esophagus and stomach. We also focus on the functional capacity of regenerated tissue and its role as a culture system to recapitulate the mechanisms underlying infectious disease. With the emergence of technology such as the fabrication of decellularized constructs, organoids and cell sheet medicine, collaboration between gastrointestinal surgery and regenerative medicine is expected to help establish novel therapeutic modalities in the future. The recent progress in regenerative medicine in upper gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Kanetaka
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Therapeutics in Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
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20
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Ntege EH, Sunami H, Shimizu Y. Advances in regenerative therapy: A review of the literature and future directions. Regen Ther 2020; 14:136-153. [PMID: 32110683 PMCID: PMC7033303 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is enormous global anticipation for stem cell-based therapies that are safe and effective. Numerous pre-clinical studies present encouraging results on the therapeutic potential of different cell types including tissue derived stem cells. Emerging evidences in different fields of research suggest several cell types are safe, whereas their therapeutic application and effectiveness remain challenged. Multiple factors that influence treatment outcomes are proposed including immunocompatibility and potency, owing to variations in tissue origin, ex-vivo methodologies for preparation and handling of the cells. This communication gives an overview of literature data on the different types of cells that are potentially promising for regenerative therapy. As a case in point, the recent trends in research and development of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cell therapy are considered in detail. MSCs can be isolated from a variety of tissues and organs in the human body including bone marrow, adipose, synovium, and perinatal tissues. However, MSC products from the different tissue sources exhibit unique or varied levels of regenerative abilities. The review finally focuses on adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ASCs), with the unique properties such as easier accessibility and abundance, excellent proliferation and differentiation capacities, low immunogenicity, immunomodulatory and many other trophic properties. The suitability and application of the ASCs, and strategies to improve the innate regenerative capacities of stem cells in general are highlighted among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H. Ntege
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sunami
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimizu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
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21
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Regenerative medicine regulatory policies: A systematic review and international comparison. Health Policy 2020; 124:701-713. [PMID: 32499078 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A small number of regenerative medicines (RMs) have received market authorization (MA) worldwide, relative to the large number of clinical trials currently being conducted. Regulatory issues constitute one major challenge for the MA of RMs. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically review the regulation of RMs internationally, to identify the regulatory pathways for approved RMs, and to detail expedited programs to stimulate MA process. METHODS Official websites of regulatory authorities in 9 countries (United States (US), Japan, South Korea, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Singapore, China, and India) and the European Union (EU) were systematically browsed, and was complemented by a systematic literature review in Medline and Embase database. RESULTS Specific RM legislation/frameworks were available in the EU, US, Japan, South Korea and Australia. A risk-based approach exempting eligible RMs from MA regulations were adopted in the EU and 6 countries. All investigated regions have established accelerated review or approval programs to facilitate the MA of RMs. 55 RMs have received MA in 9 countries and the EU. Twenty-three RMs received Priority Medicine designation, 32 RMs received Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy designation, and 11 RMs received SAKIGAKE (fore-runner initiative) designation. CONCLUSION Regulators have adopted proactive strategies to facilitate RM approval. However, addressing the discrepancies in regulatory requirements internationally remains challenging.
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22
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Ashmore-Harris C, Fruhwirth GO. The clinical potential of gene editing as a tool to engineer cell-based therapeutics. Clin Transl Med 2020; 9:15. [PMID: 32034584 PMCID: PMC7007464 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-020-0268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of ex vivo gene edited cell therapies first began a decade ago with zinc finger nuclease editing of autologous CD4+ T-cells. Editing aimed to disrupt expression of the human immunodeficiency virus co-receptor gene CCR5, with the goal of yielding cells resistant to viral entry, prior to re-infusion into the patient. Since then the field has substantially evolved with the arrival of the new editing technologies transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and the potential benefits of gene editing in the arenas of immuno-oncology and blood disorders were quickly recognised. As the breadth of cell therapies available clinically continues to rise there is growing interest in allogeneic and off-the-shelf approaches and multiplex editing strategies are increasingly employed. We review here the latest clinical trials utilising these editing technologies and consider the applications on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Ashmore-Harris
- Imaging Therapy and Cancer Group, Dept of Imaging Chemistry & Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London (KCL), London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, KCL, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Gilbert O Fruhwirth
- Imaging Therapy and Cancer Group, Dept of Imaging Chemistry & Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London (KCL), London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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23
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Huang CY, Liu CL, Ting CY, Chiu YT, Cheng YC, Nicholson MW, Hsieh PCH. Human iPSC banking: barriers and opportunities. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:87. [PMID: 31660969 PMCID: PMC6819403 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has opened up the potential for personalized cell therapies and ushered in new opportunities for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, iPSC-based drug discovery and toxicity assessment. Over the past 10 years, several initiatives have been established that aim to collect and generate a large amount of human iPSCs for scientific research purposes. In this review, we compare the construction and operation strategy of some iPSC banks as well as their ongoing development. We also introduce the technical challenges and offer future perspectives pertaining to the establishment and management of iPSC banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ying Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Ting
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ting Chiu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Patrick C H Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Cardiovascular Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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24
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Abstract
The Japanese government initiated sweeping reforms targeting regenerative medicine in 2014, accompanied by substantial investment into stem cell research and development. We survey the impact of these developments and discuss how the government is working to accelerate regenerative medicine while ensuring safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Sipp
- Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Keio University Global Research Institute, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan; RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Nihonbashi 1-chome Mitsui Building, 15th floor, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Keio University Global Research Institute, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan.
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25
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Kanie K, Sasaki H, Ikeda Y, Tamada M, Togawa F, Kato R. Quantitative analysis of operators' flow line in the cell culture for controlled manual operation. Regen Ther 2019; 12:43-54. [PMID: 31890766 PMCID: PMC6933471 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although cell culture has been widely used in the life sciences, there are still many aspects of this technique that are unclear. In this study, we have focused on the manual operations in the cell culture process and try to analyze the operators’ flow line. Methods During a course of approximately 6 years, we obtained the operators’ flow line data from two places (three layouts) and 38 operators (93 subcultures) using two network cameras and a motion detection software (Vitracom SiteView). Results Our investigation succeeded in quantifying the flow line of the subculture process and analyzed the time taken to carry out the process, to travel around the workplace. For the subculture process, the total time of the process being rerated the time of the operation in the place where the main operation is performed; the total distance of travel and the counts of travel not being related to the total time of the process. Based on these results, we propose a new way of evaluating the efficiency of cell culture process in terms of time and traveling. We believe that the results of this study can guide cell culture operators in handling cells more efficiently in cell manufacturing processes. Conclusions The flow line analysis method suggested by us can record the operators involved and improve the efficiency and consistency of the process; it can, therefore, be introduced in cell manufacturing processes. In addition, this method only requires network cameras and motion detection software, which are inexpensive and can be set up easily. The subculture process was quantified successfully irrespective of location. The time of some operation correlated with the total time of subculture process. The distance and the counts of travel did not correlate with total time of subculture process. Establishment of a new method of evaluation of operation efficiency, based on time and travel. The results of flow line analysis can be used effectively to guide operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kanie
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroto Sasaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yurika Ikeda
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaki Tamada
- KOZO KEIKAKU ENGINEERING Inc., 4-5-3 Chuo, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0011, Japan
| | - Fumio Togawa
- KOZO KEIKAKU ENGINEERING Inc., 4-5-3 Chuo, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0011, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Stem Cell Evaluation Technology Research Association (SCETRA), Hacho-bori, Chuou-ku, Tokyo 104-0032, Japan.,Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institute for Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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26
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Sawa Y. The ideal way to design clinical trials and establishment of evidence for human cellular and tissue-based products in Japan. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:905-907. [PMID: 30938062 DOI: 10.1002/term.2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In Japan, the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices (PMD) Act established in 2014 included an additional chapter dedicated to frameworks for human cellular and tissue-based products. To further evaluate the product considered to have "likely to predict efficacy" at the time of receiving "conditional and time-limited marketing authorization," a system has been introduced to determine whether the product is eligible for "full marketing authorization" through statistical "confirmation of the efficacy" in a postmarketing surveillance study using a registry. A movement similar to this regulation has been seen among Western nations. For example, in the United States, Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy Designation was introduced in 2017 as a provision of the 21st Century Cures Act. This is similar to Japan's conditional and time-limited marketing authorization, which presumes efficacy of a product based on surrogate endpoints in life-threatening diseases. It is true that the current study design has limitations, and study designs that are beyond our imagination should be developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Sawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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27
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Kumar M, Bhoi S, Sharma K. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells derived hematopoietic progenitor cells for treatment of hematopoietic failure among trauma hemorrhagic shock patients. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2019; 10:269-273. [PMID: 30828191 PMCID: PMC6383080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic failure (HF) has been observed in trauma hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) patients. Multiple factors are involved. Elevated serum levels of cytokines, catecholamine, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and decreased expression of erythropoietin receptor are associated with HF among T/HS. HF leads to anaemia, susceptibility to infection, sepsis and multi-organ failure. There is a lack of molecular understanding of HF and its potential therapeutic strategies. Cell-based therapy has ability to modulate the production of inflammatory cytokines, vascular dysfunction, tissue damage and apoptosis. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived HPCs may have the ability to restore HF in T/HS. Autologous cell-based iPSC have great promises for various diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinal cord injury without ethical concerns. Similarly, treatment with iPSC derived hematopoietic stem cells can used for the treatment of HF among T/HS and may also improve the outcome. Here, we review the potential of human iPSC derived HSC to reversed HF following T/HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, JPN Apex Trauma Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029, India
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28
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Karagiannis P, Takahashi K, Saito M, Yoshida Y, Okita K, Watanabe A, Inoue H, Yamashita JK, Todani M, Nakagawa M, Osawa M, Yashiro Y, Yamanaka S, Osafune K. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Use in Human Models of Disease and Development. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:79-114. [PMID: 30328784 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of somatic cell nuclear transfer proved that somatic cells can carry the same genetic code as the zygote, and that activating parts of this code are sufficient to reprogram the cell to an early developmental state. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) nearly half a century later provided a molecular mechanism for the reprogramming. The initial creation of iPSCs was accomplished by the ectopic expression of four specific genes (OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, and c-Myc; OSKM). iPSCs have since been acquired from a wide range of cell types and a wide range of species, suggesting a universal molecular mechanism. Furthermore, cells have been reprogrammed to iPSCs using a myriad of methods, although OSKM remains the gold standard. The sources for iPSCs are abundant compared with those for other pluripotent stem cells; thus the use of iPSCs to model the development of tissues, organs, and other systems of the body is increasing. iPSCs also, through the reprogramming of patient samples, are being used to model diseases. Moreover, in the 10 years since the first report, human iPSCs are already the basis for new cell therapies and drug discovery that have reached clinical application. In this review, we examine the generation of iPSCs and their application to disease and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Karagiannis
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Megumu Saito
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yoshida
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Keisuke Okita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Jun K Yamashita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Masaya Todani
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Masato Nakagawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Yoshimi Yashiro
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
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Blackford SJ, Ng SS, Segal JM, King AJ, Austin AL, Kent D, Moore J, Sheldon M, Ilic D, Dhawan A, Mitry RR, Rashid ST. Validation of Current Good Manufacturing Practice Compliant Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes for Cell-Based Therapy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:124-137. [PMID: 30456803 PMCID: PMC6344902 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in the production of hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-Heps) afford tremendous possibilities for treatment of patients with liver disease. Validated current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) lines are an essential prerequisite for such applications but have only recently been established. Whether such cGMP lines are capable of hepatic differentiation is not known. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the proficiency of three recently derived cGMP lines (two hiPSC and one hESC) to differentiate into hepatocytes and their suitability for therapy. hPSC-Heps generated using a chemically defined four-step hepatic differentiation protocol uniformly demonstrated highly reproducible phenotypes and functionality. Seeding into a 3D poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate fabricated inverted colloid crystal scaffold converted these immature progenitors into more advanced hepatic tissue structures. Hepatic constructs could also be successfully encapsulated into the immune-privileged material alginate and remained viable as well as functional upon transplantation into immune competent mice. This is the first report we are aware of demonstrating cGMP-compliant hPSCs can generate cells with advanced hepatic function potentially suitable for future therapeutic applications. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:124&14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J.I. Blackford
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Soon Seng Ng
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Joe M. Segal
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Aileen J.F. King
- Diabetes Research GroupFaculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Amazon L. Austin
- Diabetes Research GroupFaculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Deniz Kent
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Moore
- RUCDR Infinite BiologicsRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Michael Sheldon
- RUCDR Infinite BiologicsRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Dusko Ilic
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Women and Children's HealthFaculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anil Dhawan
- Institute for Liver StudiesKing's College Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ragai R. Mitry
- Institute for Liver StudiesKing's College Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - S. Tamir Rashid
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Liver StudiesKing's College Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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30
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31
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Huang NF, Serpooshan V, Morris VB, Sayed N, Pardon G, Abilez OJ, Nakayama KH, Pruitt BL, Wu SM, Yoon YS, Zhang J, Wu JC. Big bottlenecks in cardiovascular tissue engineering. Commun Biol 2018; 1:199. [PMID: 30480100 PMCID: PMC6249300 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although tissue engineering using human-induced pluripotent stem cells is a promising approach for treatment of cardiovascular diseases, some limiting factors include the survival, electrical integration, maturity, scalability, and immune response of three-dimensional (3D) engineered tissues. Here we discuss these important roadblocks facing the tissue engineering field and suggest potential approaches to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan F Huang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.
- Veteran Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, 94304, CA, USA.
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30307, GA, USA
| | - Viola B Morris
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, 30307, GA, USA
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Gaspard Pardon
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Oscar J Abilez
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Karina H Nakayama
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Veteran Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, 94304, CA, USA
| | - Beth L Pruitt
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering; BioMolecular Science and Engineering; and Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Young-Sup Yoon
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, 30307, GA, USA
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35294, AL, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
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Lee S, Huh JY, Turner DM, Lee S, Robinson J, Stein JE, Shim SH, Hong CP, Kang MS, Nakagawa M, Kaneko S, Nakanishi M, Rao MS, Kurtz A, Stacey GN, Marsh SGE, Turner ML, Song J. Repurposing the Cord Blood Bank for Haplobanking of HLA-Homozygous iPSCs and Their Usefulness to Multiple Populations. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1552-1566. [PMID: 30004605 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can potentially be useful for treating patients without immune rejection, in reality it will be extremely expensive and labor-intensive to make iPSCs to realize personalized medicine. An alternative approach is to make use of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype homozygous donors to provide HLA matched iPSC products to significant numbers of patients. To establish a haplobank of iPSCs, we repurposed the cord blood bank by screening ∼4,200 high resolution HLA typed cord blood samples, and selected those homozygous for the 10 most frequent HLA-A,-B,-DRB1 haplotypes in the Korean population. Following the generation of 10 iPSC lines, we conducted a comprehensive characterization, including morphology, expression of pluripotent markers and cell surface antigens, three-germ layer formation, vector clearance, mycoplasma/microbiological/viral contamination, endotoxin, and short tandem repeat (STR) assays. Various genomic analyses using microarray and comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH)-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and copy number variation (CNV) were also conducted. These 10 HLA-homozygous iPSC lines match 41.07% of the Korean population. Comparative analysis of HLA population data shows that they are also of use in other Asian populations, such as Japan, with some limited utility in ethnically diverse populations, such as the UK. Taken together, the generation of the 10 most frequent Korean HLA-homozygous iPSC lines serves as a useful pointer for the development of optimal methods for iPSC generation and quality control and indicates the benefits and limitations of collaborative HLA driven selection of donors for future stocking of worldwide iPSC haplobanks. Stem Cells 2018;36:1552-1566.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - David M Turner
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Soohyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - James Robinson
- HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jeremy E Stein
- HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - Sung Han Shim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Pyo Hong
- Bioinformatics Team, Theragen Etex Bio Institute, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Seo Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Masato Nakagawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mahendra S Rao
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Glyn N Stacey
- International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Steven G E Marsh
- HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marc L Turner
- Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
- Global Alliance for iPSC Therapies, The Jack Copland Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jihwan Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Global Alliance for iPSC Therapies, The Jack Copland Centre, Edinburgh, UK
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Takahashi H, Shimizu T, Okano T. Engineered Human Contractile Myofiber Sheets as a Platform for Studies of Skeletal Muscle Physiology. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13932. [PMID: 30224737 PMCID: PMC6141563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle physiology and the mechanisms of muscle diseases can be effectively studied by an in-vitro tissue model produced by muscle tissue engineering. Engineered human cell-based tissues are required more than ever because of the advantages they bring as tissue models in research studies. This study reports on a production method of a human skeletal myofiber sheet that demonstrates biomimetic properties including the aligned structure of myofibers, basement membrane-like structure of the extracellular matrix, and unidirectional contractile ability. The contractile ability and drug responsibility shown in this study indicate that this engineered muscle tissue has potential as a human cell-based tissue model for clinically relevant in-vitro studies in muscle physiology and drug discovery. Moreover, this engineered tissue can be used to better understand the relationships between mechanical stress and myogenesis, including muscle growth and regeneration. In this study, periodic exercise induced by continuous electrical pulse stimulation enhanced the contractile ability of the engineered myofibers and the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from the exercising myofibers. Since the physiology of skeletal muscle is directly related to mechanical stress, these features point to application as a tissue model and platform for future biological studies of skeletal muscle including muscle metabolism, muscle atrophy and muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Takahashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Keller A, Dziedzicka D, Zambelli F, Markouli C, Sermon K, Spits C, Geens M. Genetic and epigenetic factors which modulate differentiation propensity in human pluripotent stem cells. Hum Reprod Update 2018; 24:162-175. [PMID: 29377992 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines are known to have a bias in their differentiation. This gives individual cell lines a propensity to preferentially differentiate towards one germ layer or cell type over others. Chromosomal aberrations, mitochondrial mutations, genetic diversity and epigenetic variance are the main drivers of this phenomenon, and can lead to a wide range of phenotypes. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the different factors which influence differentiation propensity. Specifically, we sought to highlight known genetic variances and their mechanisms, in addition to more general observations from larger abnormalities. Furthermore, we wanted to provide an up-to-date list of a growing number of predictive indicators which are able to identify differentiation propensity before the initiation of differentiation. As differentiation propensity can lead to difficulties in both research as well as clinical translation, our thorough overview could be a useful tool. SEARCH METHODS Combinations of the following key words were applied as search criteria in the PubMed database: embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, differentiation propensity (also: potential, efficiency, capacity, bias, variability), epigenetics, chromosomal abnormalities, genetic aberrations, X chromosome inactivation, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial metabolism, genetic diversity, reprogramming, predictive marker, residual stem cell, clinic. Only studies in English were included, ranging from 2000 to 2017, with a majority ranging from 2010 to 1017. Further manuscripts were added from cross-references. OUTCOMES Differentiation propensity is affected by a wide variety of (epi)genetic factors. These factors clearly lead to a loss of differentiation capacity, preference towards certain cell types and oftentimes, phenotypes which begin to resemble cancer. Broad changes in (epi)genetics, such as aneuploidies or wide-ranging modifications to the epigenetic landscape tend to lead to extensive, less definite changes in differentiation capacity, whereas more specific abnormalities often have precise ramifications in which certain cell types become more preferential. Furthermore, there appears to be a greater, though often less considered, contribution to differentiation propensity by factors such as mitochondria and inherent genetic diversity. Varied differentiation capacity can also lead to potential consequences in the clinical translation of hPSC, including the occurrence of residual undifferentiated stem cells, and the transplantation of potentially transformed cells. WIDER IMPLICATIONS As hPSC continue to advance towards the clinic, our understanding of them progresses as well. As a result, the challenges faced become more numerous, but also more clear. If the transition to the clinic is to be achieved with a minimum number of potential setbacks, thorough evaluation of the cells will be an absolute necessity. Altered differentiation propensity represents at least one such hurdle, for which researchers and eventually clinicians will need to find solutions. Already, steps are being taken to tackle the issue, though further research will be required to evaluate any long-term risks it poses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Keller
- Research group Reproduction and Genetics (REGE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | - Dominika Dziedzicka
- Research group Reproduction and Genetics (REGE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | - Filippo Zambelli
- Research group Reproduction and Genetics (REGE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | - Christina Markouli
- Research group Reproduction and Genetics (REGE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | - Karen Sermon
- Research group Reproduction and Genetics (REGE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | - Claudia Spits
- Research group Reproduction and Genetics (REGE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | - Mieke Geens
- Research group Reproduction and Genetics (REGE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Karagiannis
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Onodera
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Cell Therepy and Regenerative Medicine Glossary. Regen Med 2016; 11:1-142. [PMID: 27915589 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-1108s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusko Ilic
- Stem Cell Laboratories, Division of Women's Health, Guy's Assisted Conception Unit, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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38
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Clinical potential of human-induced pluripotent stem cells : Perspectives of induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 33:99-112. [PMID: 27900567 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent establishment of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells promises the development of autologous cell therapies for degenerative diseases, without the ethical concerns associated with human embryonic stem (ES) cells. Initially, iPS cells were generated by retroviral transduction of somatic cells with core reprogramming genes. To avoid potential genotoxic effects associated with retroviral transfection, more recently, alternative non-viral gene transfer approaches were developed. Before a potential clinical application of iPS cell-derived therapies can be planned, it must be ensured that the reprogramming to pluripotency is not associated with genome mutagenesis or epigenetic aberrations. This may include direct effects of the reprogramming method or "off-target" effects associated with the reprogramming or the culture conditions. Thus, a rigorous safety testing of iPS or iPS-derived cells is imperative, including long-term studies in model animals. This will include not only rodents but also larger mammalian model species to allow for assessing long-term stability of the transplanted cells, functional integration into the host tissue, and freedom from undifferentiated iPS cells. Determination of the necessary cell dose is also critical; it is assumed that a minimum of 1 billion transplantable cells is required to achieve a therapeutic effect. This will request medium to long-term in vitro cultivation and dozens of cell divisions, bearing the risk of accumulating replication errors. Here, we review the clinical potential of human iPS cells and evaluate which are the most suitable approaches to overcome or minimize risks associated with the application of iPS cell-derived cell therapies.
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