1
|
Lu M, Liu M, Pang F, Peng T, Liu Y, Wen J. Stumbling Block in Providing Physical Activity Support Among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Moderated Mediation Analysis. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:2502-2512. [PMID: 37171768 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) benefits children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Evidence suggests that some barriers impede parents from providing PA support for their children with ASD. Parental perceived stigma is one of these barriers. However, few studies have explored how parental perceived stigma influences parental PA support. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental perceived stigma and parental PA support, the mediating role of parental self-efficacy, and the moderating effect of having other typically developing children or not. A total of 274 participants were recruited to participate in the study. The results showed that parental self-efficacy mediated the association between parental perceived stigma and parental PA support and the moderating effect of having other typically developing children or not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Lu
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqing Liu
- School of Special Education, Yuzhang Normal University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifan Pang
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Peng
- Special Education Department, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Wen
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Street, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP, Mitra R, Sharma R, Moore SA. Outdoor Physical Activity and Play Among Canadian Children and Youth With Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From the National Physical Activity Measurement Study. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2023; 40:571-586. [PMID: 36750116 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2022-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the association between socioecological factors and outdoor physical activity (PA) and play in children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents (N = 133) completed a survey to report changes in their child's outdoor PA and play during the pandemic (from prepandemic levels), and child, household, and neighborhood environment factors. Children with a PA-supporting parent and from multichild and White households had lower odds of reporting decreased outdoor PA. Children from multichild, higher income, married couple households and a PA-supporting parent had lower odds of decreased outdoor play. Living in neighborhoods with higher urbanization (i.e., high dwelling density, street intersections, and land-use mix) was associated with greater odds of decreased outdoor PA and play. Future research that uses larger and more representative samples of children with disabilities is needed to test for the multivariate effects of socioecological variables on outdoor PA and play.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raktim Mitra
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON,Canada
| | - Ritu Sharma
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,Canada
| | - Sarah A Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS,Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vanderloo LM, Taylor L, Yates J, Bassett-Gunter R, Stanley M, Tucker P. Physical activity among young children with disabilities: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060140. [PMID: 35973701 PMCID: PMC9386215 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity in the early years is necessary for setting the foundation for healthy growth and development in later childhood and adolescence. While most published evidence to date focuses on typically developing children, prevalence rates of physical activity among children with disabilities have been less studied. This protocol paper documents the plan of a systematic review, which aims to synthesise the evidence regarding physical activity levels among young children with disabilities. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Searches are anticipated to commence in May 2022. Empirical quantitative studies will be considered for inclusion if they present intervention or observational data on non-therapeutic (ie, leisure time) physical activity among children <5.99 years with physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments. Data sources will be retrieved via electronic database searches (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EBSCO Sports Medicine Database (SPORTDiscus), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Elsevier Bibliographic Database (Scopus), Psychological Abstracts (PsycINFO), Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC) and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE)). Additional strategies to identify relevant studies will include manual searching and citation tracking of included articles. Titles and abstracts of identified studies will be screened for inclusion, followed by full-text reviews. Three independent reviewers will conduct quality appraisal using the Downs and Black checklist. A summary of included studies will describe the study designs, participant and activity characteristics, and outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This systematic review involves a secondary analysis of previously published data; therefore, this review does not require ethical approval. The proposed paper will summarise the current evidence base on physical activity levels among young children with a diagnosed disability. The findings from this systematic review will identify gaps to be explored by future research studies and inform future investigations among the paediatric disability population. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021266585.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leigh M Vanderloo
- School of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leah Taylor
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Yates
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Meagan Stanley
- Department of Western Libraries, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- School of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shikako K, Mogo ERI, Grand-Maison V, Simpson R, Pritchard-Wiart L, Majnemer A. Designing User-Centered Mobile Health Initiatives to Promote Healthy Behaviors for Children With Disabilities: Development and Usability Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e23877. [PMID: 34528886 PMCID: PMC8485194 DOI: 10.2196/23877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gap between research and its practical application in community settings limits its impact on public health. Closing this gap has the potential to improve the well-being of underserved groups, such as children with disabilities. Mobile health has the potential to improve access to community resources and support for underserved populations, thereby encouraging improved health behaviors. Objective In this feasibility pilot study, we describe the development of the mobile app Jooay. Jooay was developed in partnership with stakeholders to facilitate access to leisure and physical activity community programs for children and youth with disabilities. We also reflect on the lessons learned throughout the implementation process that are relevant for improving the health behaviors of children with disabilities. Methods We used a participatory action research approach to develop the app. We also administered a survey to current Jooay users and analyzed various app usage indicators to explore use patterns, user feedback, and preferences. Finally, we critically appraised the implementation process through a best practices for implementation research framework. Results We developed a product that responds to users’ identified need to find information and follows accessibility and user-centered design standards. The analysis of usage data revealed that access to the Jooay app is concentrated in urban areas. Perceptions, attitudes, and information needs varied according to the type of user. The use of the mobile app changed over time, and usage decreased after the app was downloaded, indicating a need for the sustained engagement of app users. Users found value in the ability to identify activities that they would not otherwise know about. However, app use alone was not sufficient to improve participation. Although the app was developed based on users’ active input in multiple iterations, we encountered challenges with survey recruitment and attrition, suggesting the need for more seamless and engaging means for collecting data within this population. Conclusions Interactions between users and the app can sustain user engagement and behavior change. We will improve the app’s next iterations by using the information gained from this study to conduct a larger study to assess the relationship among social and material deprivation, urban design, and access to inclusive and adaptive leisure programs. This study will inform the improvement of app listings to improve the use of Jooay by different user groups and promote health through mobile apps for marginalized groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Shikako
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ebele R I Mogo
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Annette Majnemer
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | -
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qi J, Cai JH, Meng X. Impact of the Paralympic Games on the Beliefs of Children with Physical Disabilities Engaging in Sports and Physical Activities: A Chinese Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7296. [PMID: 34299749 PMCID: PMC8307629 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the beliefs of Chinese children with physical disabilities engaging in sports and physical activity (PA), and the impact of the Paralympic Games on these beliefs. Five Chinese children with physical disabilities (female = 2, male = 3) were recruited for participating in the workshops of the Paralympic Games and PA, and received individual semi-structured interviews before and after the workshop implementations. Interview transcripts were analysed and presented as descriptive summaries. Three themes emerged based on the analysis of the participants' interview data: (1) shocked, knowledgeable, and useful; (2) willingness to try, and (3) hope to obtain support. Results indicated that children with physical disabilities in this study acknowledged the positive outcomes of participating in the workshops of the Paralympic Games on the sports and PA engagement attitude change. However, children with disabilities also expressed that they need more related knowledge and information. The results of the study revealed that impairment and contextual factors (i.e., lack of support from family and physical education teachers, unsafe environments, and negative attitudes of peers without disabilities) were barriers to sports and PA engagement among children with physical disabilities in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (J.-H.C.); (X.M.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Larocca V, Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP, Tomasone JR, Latimer-Cheung AE, Bassett-Gunter RL. Developing and Disseminating Physical Activity Messages Targeting Parents: A Systematic Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7046. [PMID: 34280983 PMCID: PMC8297273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) messages have demonstrated success in targeting parent support for PA. However, little research exists to inform the development and dissemination of optimally effective PA messages targeting parents. A synthesis of existing literature is necessary to inform message development and dissemination strategies. Unique considerations for parents of children with disabilities (CWD) should be identified given a need for inclusive PA messaging that consider the needs of CWD and their families. METHODS Systematic scoping methodologies included a peer-reviewed literature search and expert consultation to identify literature regarding PA messages targeting parents, and considerations for parents of CWD. RESULTS Thirty-four articles that met eligibility criteria were included for examination. Twenty-eight studies were identified regarding the PA messages targeting parents; six themes and 12 subthemes emerged from these articles. Six studies were identified regarding unique considerations for parents of CWD; three themes and four subthemes emerged from these articles. CONCLUSIONS Through knowledge synthesis, this research can contribute to a knowledge translation process to inform practice guidelines for the development and dissemination of PA messages targeting parents, while also providing unique considerations for PA messages targeting parents of CWD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Larocca
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | | | - Jennifer R. Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (J.R.T.); (A.E.L.-C.)
| | - Amy E. Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (J.R.T.); (A.E.L.-C.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Larocca V, Arbour-Nicitopoulos K, Latimer-Cheung A, Bassett-Gunter R. Physical Activity Messages for Youth with Disabilities: An Evaluation of Attitudes, Intentions, and Preferences. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 35:974-983. [PMID: 30961368 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2019.1598746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is no known research examining the use of strategic messages to motivate youth with physical disabilities (YWPD), or how to create effective messages for them. Guided by the Social Issue Advertising Believability Model (SIABM), the study aimed to: (i) examine the effectiveness of physical activity (PA) messages on YWPD's attitudes and intentions to participate in PA, and (ii) consider factors related to message effectiveness. YWPD (N = 60) were randomized to view one of three PA messages: (a) no youth, (b) non-inclusive, and (c) targeted. Attitudes and intentions to participate in PA were assessed at baseline and immediately following viewing one of the three messages. Participants also evaluated the messages in terms of relevance, believability, attention, and attitudes. Repeated measures ANOVA and median split analyses indicated that attitudes toward PA increased after message viewing for participants with low baseline attitudes, but decreased for participants with high baseline attitudes. No significant changes in intentions emerged. The targeted message was most preferred and evaluated as most believable. Attention paid to the message was the only significant predictor of intention to participate in PA post-viewing (p = .001). PA campaigns should consider being inclusive of YWPD with low attitudes and intentions to engage in PA when developing messages.
Collapse
|
8
|
Natkunam T, Tristani L, Peers D, Fraser-Thomas J, Latimer-Cheung AE, Bassett-Gunter R. Using a think-aloud methodology to understand online physical activity information search experiences and preferences of parents of children and youth with disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020; 33:1478-1488. [PMID: 32602211 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Internet is a preferred source of physical activity (PA) information. However, limited research exists regarding the experiences of parents of children and youth with disabilities (CYWD) in searching for PA programme information online. This research examined the experiences and preferences of parents of CYWD in searching for PA programme information online. METHOD Parents of CYWD (n = 10) participated in a think-aloud exercise while searching for PA programme information online. Following the think-aloud exercise, semi-structured interviews were used to further understand parents' experiences and preferences in searching for PA programme information online. RESULTS Parents identified key features that contributed to a positive online search experience. Additionally, parents noted challenges and resulting negative affect that was experienced. CONCLUSIONS This research can inform the development and dissemination of online PA programme information that is accessible and relevant to the preferences of parents of CYWD and can facilitate positive search experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tharsheka Natkunam
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren Tristani
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle Peers
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jessica Fraser-Thomas
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy E Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca Bassett-Gunter
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Williamson C, Baker G, Mutrie N, Niven A, Kelly P. Get the message? A scoping review of physical activity messaging. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:51. [PMID: 32295613 PMCID: PMC7160981 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how to create and deliver effective physical activity (PA) messages for and to various population subgroups may play a role in increasing population PA levels. This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of what is known about PA messaging and highlight key research gaps. METHODS We followed a 5-stage protocol proposed by Arksey & O'Malley and the Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews checklist. Stage 1: research questions were identified. Stage 2: we identified relevant studies by searching electronic databases, contacting existing networks and hand searching reference lists. Stage 3: studies were screened in Covidence™ software. Stage 4: study data were extracted and charted. Stage 5: findings from included studies were collated, summarised and reported in two ways: (1) a descriptive numerical analysis providing insight into extent, nature and distribution of the included studies, and (2) a narrative summary summarizing the evidence reviewed organised by messaging concepts and by population subgroup. RESULTS A total of 9525 references were imported into Covidence™ for screening. Of these, 123 studies were included in final analysis. We found that PA messaging evidence is complex and multidimensional in nature, with numerous concepts to consider when creating or evaluating messages. The extent to which these different PA messaging concepts have been researched is variable. Where research has accumulated and evidence is consistent, it supports the following: (1) PA messages should be framed positively and highlight short-term outcomes specifically relating to social and mental health, (2) message content should be tailored or targeted to intended recipient(s), and (3) when developing messages, formative research, psychological theory and/or social marketing principles should be used. CONCLUSION While it is unlikely to address global inactivity on its own, PA messaging may play a valuable role improving population PA levels. However, it is a complex and multidimensional concept and greater understanding is still needed. We present a synthesis of the existing evidence, highlighting key areas where evidence has accumulated and where gaps lie, as well as recommendations for PA messaging to different population subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloë Williamson
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre (PAHRC), Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Graham Baker
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre (PAHRC), Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nanette Mutrie
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre (PAHRC), Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ailsa Niven
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre (PAHRC), Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre (PAHRC), Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Larocca V, Fraser-Thomas J, Bassett-Gunter R. “Even if someone has a physical disability, they can still participate”: Youth with physical disabilities’ motivational physical activity message preferences. Disabil Health J 2020; 13:100845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
Columna L, Prieto L, Elias-Revolledo G, Haegele JA. The perspectives of parents of youth with disabilities toward physical activity: A systematic review. Disabil Health J 2019; 13:100851. [PMID: 31679949 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents' perceptions of physical activity (PA), in particular, are critically important because children with disabilities are often dependent on their families to be able to engage in physical activities. Thus, adapted physical activity scholars have acknowledged the need for research addressing the perceptions of parents of youth with disabilities regarding their child's PA engagement. PURPOSE The purpose of this review was to examine published research literature pertaining to parents' perspectives toward physical activity of youth with disabilities by describing study characteristics and major findings. METHODS Electronic database searches were conducted to identify relevant articles published between January 2007 and January 2018. RESULTS Thirty-two articles met all inclusion criteria, and relevant data such as participant characteristics, theories, measurements, and dependent variables were extracted from them. Of the 32 studies, 26 were descriptive, and six were correlational. Seventeen studies explicitly stated a theoretical or conceptual framework. CONCLUSIONS Major findings suggest that parents have reported multiple motives to engage their children with disabilities in physical activity. However, numerous barriers (e.g., lack of program, lack of time, children's disability) were reported that negatively impact physical activity participation. As such, parents are calling for the need for training provided by qualified professionals to enhance participation for their children with disabilities.
Collapse
|
12
|
Perceptions of Inclusivity: The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2019; 36:1-18. [PMID: 30525924 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2017-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (age 5-17 yr) consolidate evidence-informed daily requirements for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep into 1 comprehensive resource. The primary objective of this study was to explore how parents of children and youth with disabilities (CYWD) perceive the guidelines. The secondary objective was to explore whether parents consider the guideline branding to be inclusive. A total of 15 mothers of CYWD participated in one 60-min semistructured interview, either in person or by telephone. The diffusion-of-innovation theory provided a theoretical basis for the interview guide. Mothers' perspectives of the guidelines and branding are represented as seven themes. The results indicate that the guidelines and the branding are not inclusive or compatible with the abilities and needs of CYWD. Findings from this study provide a foundation for ongoing knowledge-translation activities aiming to address these limitations. Further revisions are necessary to promote full inclusion and uptake of the guidelines among CYWD.
Collapse
|