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Wang Z, Li T, Lin L, Xiong Y, Chen H, Ye J, Ji J, Wang S. Investigating the effects of dexamethasone on pulmonary surfactant lipids based on lipidomics studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5937. [PMID: 38922717 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid commonly used in pediatric patients, has potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. However, it is associated with side effects such as reduced lung function and decreased immunity. Pulmonary surfactant lipids are closely linked to lung disease and play a role in reducing surface tension, immune response and antiviral activity. The dysregulation of lipid metabolism is closely associated with lung disease. Hence, untargeted lipidomics may be instrumental in elucidating the effects of dexamethasone on pulmonary surfactant lipids. We obtained surfactant lipid samples from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of young mice injected subcutaneously with dexamethasone and conducted a comprehensive lipidomic analysis, comparing them with a control group. We observed a decrease in lipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, and an increase in ceramide, fatty acid, diacylglycerol and monoglyceride, which may impact lung health. This study revealed the influence of dexamethasone on pulmonary surfactant lipids, offering new insights into adverse reactions in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Pediatrics Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Pediatrics Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Pediatrics Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingcai Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Pediatrics Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Pediatrics Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Pediatrics Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Pediatrics Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shouchuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Pediatrics Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Doğan G, Karagenç N, Esmen K, Kul BÇ, Yeşilkaya H, Akgün Ş, Orman MN, Sandıkçı M, Eren Ü, Ünsal H, Karagenç L. Expression of Toll-Like Receptors in the Lung Tissue of Mouse Fetuses Generated by in vitro Embryo Culture and Embryo Transfer. Cells Tissues Organs 2023; 213:181-202. [PMID: 37105136 DOI: 10.1159/000529974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse fetuses generated by in vitro embryo culture and embryo transfer exhibit impaired lung development, altered composition of pulmonary epithelial cells associated with downregulation of several genes involved in lung development and toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. The aims of the present study were to determine the expression of all TLRs and to examine if the expression of TLRs, along with genes involved in TLR signaling pathway, is altered in the lung tissue of mouse fetuses generated through embryo culture and embryo transfer. Two experimental (EGs) and one control (CG) group were included in the study. Embryos cultured at 5% CO2-95% air for 95 h or less than 24 h were transferred to pseudo-pregnant females to obtain fetuses comprising EGin vitro (n = 18) and EGin vivo (n = 18), respectively. Fetuses obtained from naturally ovulating females on day 18 of pregnancy served as the CG (n = 18). Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression of TLR proteins. The expression of transcripts encoding TLRs, and the genes involved in TLR signaling pathway (Lbp, Pik3r1, Pik3cb, Nfkbia, and Fos), was determined using qRT-PCR. While all TLRs were expressed by cells lining the bronchial/bronchiolar epithelium of lung tissues in all groups, some of the TLRs were expressed in a specific pattern. When compared to CG, the expression of transcripts encoding TLR-2, -3, -4, -5, -7, -8, -9, -12, -13, Lbp, Pik3r1, Pik3cb, Nfkbia, and Fos was significantly downregulated in both EGs. It appears that stress imposed on embryos at preimplantation stages of development is associated with downregulation of TLRs, along with some of the genes involved in TLR signaling pathway, in the lung tissue during the perinatal period. It remains to be determined if downregulation of TLRs, along with the genes involved in TLR signaling pathway, has any functional consequences in the adult lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göksel Doğan
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Nedim Karagenç
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Kerem Esmen
- Department of Medical, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bengi Çınar Kul
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yeşilkaya
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Şakir Akgün
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nurullah Orman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sandıkçı
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Ülker Eren
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Hümeyra Ünsal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Levent Karagenç
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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3
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The Role of Pulmonary Surfactant Phospholipids in Fibrotic Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010326. [PMID: 36613771 PMCID: PMC9820286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD) or Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a heterogeneous group of lung conditions with common characteristics that can progress to fibrosis. Within this group of pneumonias, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is considered the most common. This disease has no known cause, is devastating and has no cure. Chronic lesion of alveolar type II (ATII) cells represents a key mechanism for the development of IPF. ATII cells are specialized in the biosynthesis and secretion of pulmonary surfactant (PS), a lipid-protein complex that reduces surface tension and minimizes breathing effort. Some differences in PS composition have been reported between patients with idiopathic pulmonary disease and healthy individuals, especially regarding some specific proteins in the PS; however, few reports have been conducted on the lipid components. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which phospholipids (PLs) could be involved in the development of the fibroproliferative response.
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4
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Xu C, Shang Z, Najafi M. Lung Pneumonitis and Fibrosis in Cancer Therapy: A Review on Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1505-1525. [PMID: 36082868 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220907144131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis and pneumonitis are the most important side effects of lung tissue following cancer therapy. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy by some drugs, such as bleomycin, can induce pneumonitis and fibrosis. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy also may induce pneumonitis and fibrosis to a lesser extent compared to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Activation of lymphocytes by immunotherapy or infiltration of inflammatory cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and mast cells following chemo/radiation therapy can induce pneumonitis. Furthermore, the polarization of macrophages toward M2 cells and the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines stimulate fibrosis. Lung fibrosis and pneumonitis may also be potentiated by some other changes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), oxidative stress, reduction/oxidation (redox) responses, renin-angiotensin system, and the upregulation of some inflammatory mediators such as a nuclear factor of kappa B (NF-κB), inflammasome, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Damages to the lung vascular system and the induction of hypoxia also can induce pulmonary injury following chemo/radiation therapy. This review explains various mechanisms of the induction of pneumonitis and lung fibrosis following cancer therapy. Furthermore, the targets and promising agents to mitigate lung fibrosis and pneumonitis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Xu
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China
| | - Zhongtu Shang
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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5
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Kotlyarov S. Involvement of the Innate Immune System in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:985. [PMID: 35055174 PMCID: PMC8778852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, socially significant disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation due to chronic inflammation in the bronchi. Although the causes of COPD are considered to be known, the pathogenesis of the disease continues to be a relevant topic of study. Mechanisms of the innate immune system are involved in various links in the pathogenesis of COPD, leading to persistence of chronic inflammation in the bronchi, their bacterial colonization and disruption of lung structure and function. Bronchial epithelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages and other cells are involved in the development and progression of the disease, demonstrating multiple compromised immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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Dias ML, O'Connor KM, Dempsey EM, O'Halloran KD, McDonald FB. Targeting the Toll-like receptor pathway as a therapeutic strategy for neonatal infection. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R879-R902. [PMID: 34612068 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00307.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial transmembrane receptors that form part of the innate immune response. They play a role in the recognition of various microorganisms and their elimination from the host. TLRs have been proposed as vital immunomodulators in the regulation of multiple neonatal stressors that extend beyond infection such as oxidative stress and pain. The immune system is immature at birth and takes some time to become fully established. As such, babies are especially vulnerable to sepsis at this early stage of life. Findings suggest a gestational age-dependent increase in TLR expression. TLRs engage with accessory and adaptor proteins to facilitate recognition of pathogens and their activation of the receptor. TLRs are generally upregulated during infection and promote the transcription and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Several studies report that TLRs are epigenetically modulated by chromatin changes and promoter methylation upon bacterial infection that have long-term influences on immune responses. TLR activation is reported to modulate cardiorespiratory responses during infection and may play a key role in driving homeostatic instability observed during sepsis. Although complex, TLR signaling and downstream pathways are potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of neonatal diseases. By reviewing the expression and function of key Toll-like receptors, we aim to provide an important framework to understand the functional role of these receptors in response to stress and infection in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Dias
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen M O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eugene M Dempsey
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona B McDonald
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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7
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Hasan HF, Mohmed HK, Galal SM. Scorpion bradykinin potentiating factor mitigates lung damage induced by γ-irradiation in rats: Insights on AngII/ACE/Ang(1-7) axis. Toxicon 2021; 203:58-65. [PMID: 34626598 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this research is to study the mitigating impact of bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF) found in scorpion Androctonus bicolor venom on irradiation-induced lung damage as a new functional target for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). Male rats were exposed to 7 Gy of γ-radiation as a single dose, with a biweekly intraperitoneal injection of 1 μg/g BPF. Gamma irradiation not only boosted the ACE activity and angiotensin II (Ang II) level, in lung tissue but also significantly depressed the angiotensin (1-7) (Ang (1-7)) that, lead to lung toxicity through a significant elevation of pulmonary levels of CXC-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nitric oxide (NO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity with a marked disruption in oxidative stress markers, via a reduction in the level of total thiol (tSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity associated with an elevation in protein carbonyl (PCO) contents. In addition, apoptotic consequences of gamma irradiation were evidenced by raising the levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), C-Jun N-Terminal Kinases (JNK), and cleaved caspase-3. BPF administration leads to ACE inhibition, consequently sustaining decreased Ang II alongside increased Ang (1-7) production. Those sensitive molecules reduce irradiated lung issues. In conclusion, BPF significantly diminished the biochemical and histopathological consequences of radiation through renin-angiotensin system (RAS) control and ACE suppression in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Farouk Hasan
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Heba Karam Mohmed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Mohamed Galal
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Isshiki T, Koyama K, Homma S, Sakamoto S, Yamasaki A, Shimizu H, Miyoshi S, Nakamura Y, Kishi K. Association of rs3750920 polymorphism in TOLLIP with clinical characteristics of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases in Japanese. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16250. [PMID: 34376770 PMCID: PMC8355271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TOLLIP polymorphism has been implicated in the development and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), mainly in whites. However, ethnic differences in the characteristics of other interstitial pneumonia (non-IPF) subtypes are unclear. We evaluated the association between the rs3750920 genotype and the clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILD). We genotyped 102 patients with fibrosing ILD (75 IPF and 27 non-IPF patients) and analyzed the interaction between the rs3750920 genotype distribution and their clinical characteristics. The overall frequencies of the C/C, C/T, and T/T genotypes were 69%, 25%, and 6%, respectively. The proportion of minor T allele carriers was larger in IPF patients than in non-IPF patients (37% vs. 15%, P = 0.031). In addition, survival at 3 years was significantly better for carriers than for non-carriers of the T allele. There was no significant association between genotype distribution and change in pulmonary function after introduction of antifibrotic agents. The frequency of the minor T allele of rs3750920 was low in Japanese patients with fibrosing ILD, particularly in non-IPF patients. Carriers of the minor T allele had better survival than non-carriers. Presence of the T allele might thus be an indicator of better outcomes for fibrosing ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Isshiki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Ota-ku Omori nisi 6-11-1, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Koyama
- Department of Advanced and Integrated Interstitial Lung Diseases Research, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sakae Homma
- Department of Advanced and Integrated Interstitial Lung Diseases Research, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Ota-ku Omori nisi 6-11-1, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Akira Yamasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Ota-ku Omori nisi 6-11-1, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Shimizu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Ota-ku Omori nisi 6-11-1, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Shion Miyoshi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Ota-ku Omori nisi 6-11-1, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Ota-ku Omori nisi 6-11-1, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Ota-ku Omori nisi 6-11-1, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
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9
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Planté-Bordeneuve T, Pilette C, Froidure A. The Epithelial-Immune Crosstalk in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631235. [PMID: 34093523 PMCID: PMC8170303 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the lung epithelium and the immune system involve a tight regulation to prevent inappropriate reactions and have been connected to several pulmonary diseases. Although the distal lung epithelium and local immunity have been implicated in the pathogenesis and disease course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), consequences of their abnormal interplay remain less well known. Recent data suggests a two-way process, as illustrated by the influence of epithelial-derived periplakin on the immune landscape or the effect of macrophage-derived IL-17B on epithelial cells. Additionally, damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), released by damaged or dying (epithelial) cells, are augmented in IPF. Next to “sterile inflammation”, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are increased in IPF and have been linked with lung fibrosis, while outer membrane vesicles from bacteria are able to influence epithelial-macrophage crosstalk. Finally, the advent of high-throughput technologies such as microbiome-sequencing has allowed for the identification of a disease-specific microbial environment. In this review, we propose to discuss how the interplays between the altered distal airway and alveolar epithelium, the lung microbiome and immune cells may shape a pro-fibrotic environment. More specifically, it will highlight DAMPs-PAMPs pathways and the specificities of the IPF lung microbiome while discussing recent elements suggesting abnormal mucosal immunity in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Planté-Bordeneuve
- Pôle de pneumologie, O.R.L. et dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pôle de pneumologie, O.R.L. et dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Service de pneumologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Antoine Froidure
- Pôle de pneumologie, O.R.L. et dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Service de pneumologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
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Manfredi A, Cassone G, Luppi F, Atienza-Mateo B, Cavazza A, Sverzellati N, González-Gay MA, Salvarani C, Sebastiani M. Rheumatoid arthritis related interstitial lung disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:485-497. [PMID: 33779447 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1905524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interstitial lung disease (ILD) represents a frequent extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) deeply impacting both quality of life and overall prognosis. Areas covered: A literature search was performed including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Many retrospective studies investigated the possible risk factors for RA-related ILD (RA-ILD), aiming to identify patients at risk. Among them, males, smokers, positivity of anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies have been associated with RA-ILD, such as some genetic haplotypes. Usual interstitial pneumonia is the histologic and radiologic pattern most frequently observed, followed by nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Since lung involvement can represent the RA onset, an early differential diagnosis with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia can be difficult or sometimes impossible. High-resolution computed tomography represents the gold standard for ILD diagnosis, while multidisciplinary discussion should be required to assess disease staging, severity and progression. Expert opinion: Management of RA-ILD patients is challenging due to the lack of evidence-based data regarding both assessment and treatment. Moreover, the high variability of clinical presentation and evolution makes it difficult to establish the correct therapeutic strategy. Currently, multidisciplinary approach, including at least rheumatologists, pulmonologists, and radiologists, is desirable to define therapy and follow-up strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Manfredi
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Di , Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Cassone
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Di , Modena, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Luppi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Belen Atienza-Mateo
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marques De Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria Santander, Santander, Spain
| | - Alberto Cavazza
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Nicola Sverzellati
- Section of Radiology, Unit of Surgical Sciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery (Dimec), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Miguel A González-Gay
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marques De Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria Santander, Santander, Spain
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Di , Modena, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marco Sebastiani
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Di , Modena, Italy
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11
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Xu X, Su Y, Wu K, Pan F, Wang A. DOCK2 contributes to endotoxemia-induced acute lung injury in mice by activating proinflammatory macrophages. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 184:114399. [PMID: 33382969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2), an atypical Rac activator, has important anti-inflammatory properties in blepharitis, enteric bacterial infection and colitis. However, the roles of DOCK2 in macrophage activation and acute lung injury (ALI) are still poorly elucidated. In vitro studies demonstrated that DOCK2 was essential for the nucleotide-sensing Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-mediated inflammatory response in macrophages. We also confirmed that exposure of macrophages to LPS induced Rac activation through a TLR4-independent, DOCK2-dependent mechanism. Phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK) β and nuclear translocation of transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were impaired in Ad-shDOCK2-expressing macrophages, resulting in a decreased inflammatory response. Similar results were obtained when EHop-016 (a Rac inhibitor) was used to treat uninfected macrophages. In summary, these data indicate that the DOCK2-Rac signaling pathway acts in parallel with TLR4 engagement to control IKKβ activation for inflammatory cytokine release. Next, we investigated whether pharmacological inhibition of DOCK2 protects against endotoxemia-induced lung injury in mice. Treatment with 4-[3'-(2″-chlorophenyl)-2'-propen-1'-ylidene]-1-phenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione (CPYPP), a small-molecule inhibitor of DOCK2, reduced the severity of lung injury, as indicated by decreases in the lung injury score and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Moreover, CPYPP attenuated LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine release in mice. Our studies suggest that inhibition of DOCK2 may suppress LPS-induced macrophage activation and that DOCK2 may be a novel target for treating endotoxemia-related ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaifeng People's Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Kaixuan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Aizhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
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12
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Michalski JE, Schwartz DA. Genetic Risk Factors for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Insights into Immunopathogenesis. J Inflamm Res 2021; 13:1305-1318. [PMID: 33447070 PMCID: PMC7801923 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s280958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an etiologically complex interstitial lung disease characterized by progressive scarring of the lungs with a subsequent decline in lung function. While much of the pathogenesis of IPF still remains unclear, it is now understood that genetic variation accounts for at least one-third of the risk of developing the disease. The single-most validated and most significant risk factor, genetic or otherwise, is a gain-of-function promoter variant in the MUC5B gene. While the functional impact of these IPF risk variants at the cellular and tissue levels are areas of active investigation, there is a growing body of evidence that these genetic variants may influence disease pathogenesis through modulation of innate immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Michalski
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Chowdhury P, Barooah AK. Tea Bioactive Modulate Innate Immunity: In Perception to COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Immunol 2020; 11:590716. [PMID: 33193427 PMCID: PMC7655931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.590716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity impairment led to disruption in cascade of signaling pathways upregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, diminish interferons, depleted natural killer cells and activate reactive oxygen species production. These conditions severely affected body's ability to fight against infectious diseases and also plays a pivotal role in disease progression. Here, in emphasis is on nutritional immunity for regulating effective innate immune response for combating against infectious diseases like novel coronavirus disease (COVID 19). Drawing from discoveries on in-vitro experiments, animal models and human trials, tea polyphenols, micronutrients, and vitamins has the potential to modulate and enhance innate immune response. This article provides a comprehensive review on tea (Camellia sinensis L) infusion (a hot water extract of dried processed tea leaves prepared from young shoots of tea plant) as an innate immunity modulator. Tea infusion is rich in polyphenols; epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and theaflavin (TF), major green and black tea polyphenols, respectively. Studies showed their immunomodulatory competence. Tea infusions are also rich in alkaloids; caffeine and its intermediates, theophylline and theobromine, which have anti-inflammatory properties. Tea plant being an acidophilic perennial crop can accumulate different micronutrients, viz., copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) from growing medium, i.e., from soil, which led to their considerable presence in tea infusion. Micronutrients are integral part of innate immune response. Overall, this review presents tea infusion as an important source of nutritional immunity which can enhance innate immune response in order to mitigate the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritom Chowdhury
- Department of Biotechnology, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, India
| | - Anoop Kumar Barooah
- Directorate, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, India
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Beacon TH, Su RC, Lakowski TM, Delcuve GP, Davie JR. SARS-CoV-2 multifaceted interaction with the human host. Part II: Innate immunity response, immunopathology, and epigenetics. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:2331-2354. [PMID: 32936531 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 makes its way into the cell via the ACE2 receptor and the proteolytic action of TMPRSS2. In response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, the innate immune response is the first line of defense, triggering multiple signaling pathways to produce interferons, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and initiating the adaptive immune response against the virus. Unsurprisingly, the virus has developed strategies to evade detection, which can result in delayed, excessive activation of the innate immune system. The response elicited by the host depends on multiple factors, including health status, age, and sex. An overactive innate immune response can lead to a cytokine storm, inflammation, and vascular disruption, leading to the vast array of symptoms exhibited by COVID-19 patients. What is known about the expression and epigenetic regulation of the ACE2 gene and the various players in the host response are explored in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim H Beacon
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ruey-Chyi Su
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratory, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ted M Lakowski
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analysis Laboratory, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Geneviève P Delcuve
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James R Davie
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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15
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Manfredi A, Luppi F, Cassone G, Vacchi C, Salvarani C, Sebastiani M. Pathogenesis and treatment of idiopathic and rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial pneumonia. The possible lesson from COVID-19 pneumonia. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:751-770. [PMID: 32722946 PMCID: PMC7594185 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1803064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Main clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection are characterized by fever, dyspnea, and interstitial pneumonia, frequently evolving in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). AREAS COVERED Features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents some common points with interstitial lung disease (ILD) both idiopathic and related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), typically characterized by a chronic progression over time and possibly complicated by acute exacerbation (AE). The study of common pathogenetic mechanisms, such as the involvement of toll-like receptor 4, could contribute to the knowledge and treatment of idiopathic and RA-ILD. Moreover, hyperinflammation, mainly characterized by increase of effector T-cells and inflammatory cytokines, and activation of coagulation cascade, observed in COVID-19 related ARDS have been already shown in patients with AE of idiopathic and RA-ILD. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, together with a manual search in COVID-resource centers of the main journals. EXPERT OPINION Despite the uncertainty about pathogenetic aspects about COVID-19- pneumonia, it could be a possible model for other forms of ILD and AE. The great amount of data from studies on COVID-19 could be helpful in proposing safe therapeutic approaches for RA-ILD, in understanding pathogenesis of usual interstitial pneumonia and to develop new therapeutic strategies for AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Manfredi
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - F Luppi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Respiratory Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - G Cassone
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - C Vacchi
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Di Modena, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - C Salvarani
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Di Modena, Modena, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - M Sebastiani
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Di Modena, Modena, Italy
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Wu G, Xu G, Chen DW, Gao WX, Xiong JQ, Shen HY, Gao YQ. Hypoxia Exacerbates Inflammatory Acute Lung Injury via the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1667. [PMID: 30083155 PMCID: PMC6064949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by non-cardiogenic diffuse alveolar damage and often leads to a lethal consequence, particularly when hypoxia coexists. The treatment of ALI remains a challenge: pulmonary inflammation and hypoxia both contribute to its onset and progression and no effective prevention approach is available. Here, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of hypoxia interaction with inflammation in ALI and to evaluate hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α)—the crucial modulator in hypoxia—as a potential therapeutic target against ALI. First, we developed a novel ALI rat model induced by a combined low-dose of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with acute hypoxia. Second, we used gene microarray analysis to evaluate the inflammatory profiles of bronchi alveolar lavage fluid cells of ALI rats. Third, we employed an alveolar macrophage cell line, NR8383 as an in vitro system together with a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist TAK-242, to verify our in vivo findings from ALI animals. Finally, we tested the therapeutic effects of HIF-1α augmentation against inflammation and hypoxia in ALI. We demonstrated that (i) LPS upregulated inflammatory genes, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in the alveolar macrophages of ALI rats, which were further enhanced when ALI combined with hypoxia; (ii) hypoxia exposure could further enhance the upregulation of alveolar macrophageal TLR4 that was noticed in LPS-induced inflammatory ALI, conversely, TLR4 antagonist TAK-242 could suppress the macrophageal expression of TLR4 and inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, suggesting that the TLR4 signaling pathway as a central link between inflammation and hypoxia in ALI; (iii) manipulation of HIF-1α in vitro could suppress TLR4 expression induced by combined LPS and hypoxia, via suppressing promoter activity of the TLR4 gene; (iv) preconditioning augmentation of HIF-1α in vivo by HIF hydroxylase inhibitor, DMOG excreted protection against inflammatory, and hypoxic processes in ALI. Together, we see that hypoxia can exacerbate inflammation in ALI via the activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway in alveolar macrophages and predispose impairment of the alveolar-capillary barrier in the development of ALI. Targeting HIF-1α can suppress TLR4 expression and macrophageal inflammation, suggesting the potential therapeutic and preventative value of HIF-1α/TLR4 crosstalk pathway in ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Xu
- College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - De-Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Gao
- College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Qiong Xiong
- Intensive Care Unit, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Ying Shen
- Robert Stone Dow Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Legacy Health, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Yu-Qi Gao
- College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
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17
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Potential contribution of alveolar epithelial type I cells to pulmonary fibrosis. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20171301. [PMID: 29026006 PMCID: PMC5696455 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the interstitium and destruction of alveolar histoarchitecture ultimately leading to a fatal impairment of lung function. Different concepts describe either a dominant role of inflammatory pathways or a disturbed remodeling of resident cells of the lung parenchyma during fibrogenesis. Further, a combination of both the mechanisms has been postulated. The present review emphasizes the particular involvement of alveolar epithelial type I cells in all these processes, their contribution to innate immune/inflammatory functions and maintenance of proper alveolar barrier functions. Amongst the different inflammatory and repair events the purinergic receptor P2X7, an ATP-gated cationic channel that regulates not only apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and NLPR3 inflammosome activation, but also the turnover of diverse tight junction (TJ) and water channel proteins, seems to be essential for the stability of alveolar barrier integrity and for the interaction with protective factors during lung injury.
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18
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Zhou LF, Chen QZ, Yang CT, Fu ZD, Zhao ST, Chen Y, Li SN, Liao L, Zhou YB, Huang JR, Li JH. TRPC6 contributes to LPS-induced inflammation through ERK1/2 and p38 pathways in bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C278-C288. [PMID: 29141922 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00117.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are presently an emerging target for airway disorders. Recent evidence has indicated that TRPC6 as a member of the TRPC family plays an important role in airway inflammation, but its precise function in bronchial epithelial cells remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TRPC6 in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)]. Hyp9 is a simplified phloroglucinol derivative of hyperforin that highly selectively activates TRPC6 channels. The results show that the activation of TRPC6 by Hyp9 induced the production of interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6. LPS was also able to induce the release of IL-8 and IL-6, which was significantly aggravated by Hyp9 and reduced by knockdown of TRPC6. Treatment with LPS not only chronically induced the expression of TRPC6 mRNA and protein in a TLR4-dependent manner but also acutely increased Ca2+ influx through TRPC6 channels. In addition, LPS-induced overexpression of TRPC6 and Ca2+ influx were associated with the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt. Importantly, TRPC6 was required for the activation of ERK1/2, p38, and NF-κB. In conclusion, these data reveal that LPS induced the overexpression of TRPC6 and TRPC6-dependent Ca2+ influx via the TLR4/PI3K/Akt pathway resulting in Ca2+ mobilization, which subsequently promoted the activation of ERK1/2, p38, and NF-κB and the inflammatory response in bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qing-Zi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Chun-Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhao-Di Fu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shen-Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shu-Ni Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yu-Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jian-Rong Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jian-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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Li F, Han F, Li H, Zhang J, Qiao X, Shi J, Yang L, Dong J, Luo M, Wei J, Liu X. Human placental mesenchymal stem cells of fetal origins-alleviated inflammation and fibrosis by attenuating MyD88 signaling in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice. Mol Immunol 2017; 90:11-21. [PMID: 28662409 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease that its pathogenic mechanism currently is incompletely understood. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling has recently been identified as a regulator of inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of different origins offer a great promise in treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However mechanisms of pathogenic roles of TLR signaling and therapeutic effects of MSCs in the IPF remain elusive. In present study, the involvement of TLR signaling and the therapeutic role of MSCs were interrogated in MyD88-deficient mice using human placental MSCs of fetal origins (hfPMSCs). The results showed an alleviated pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-deficient mice treated with bleomycin (BLM), accompanied with a reduced TGF-β signaling and production of pro-fibrotic cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β. An exposure of HLF1 lung fibroblasts, A549 epithelial cells and RAW264.7 macrophages to BLM led an increased expression of key components of MyD88 and TGF-β signaling cascades. Of interest, enforced expression and inhibition of MyD88 protein resulted in an enhanced and a reduced TGF-β signaling in above cells in the presence of BLM, respectively. However, the addition of TGF-β1 showed a marginally inhibitory effect on MyD88 signaling in these cells in the absence of BLM. Importantly, the administration of hfPMSCs could significantly attenuate BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice, along with a reduced hydroxyproline (HYP) deposition, MyD88 and TGF-β signaling activation, and production of pro-fibrotic cytokines. These results may suggest an importance of MyD88/TGF-β signaling axis in the tissue homeostasis and functional integrity of lung in response to injury, which may offer a novel target for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xia Qiao
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Juan Shi
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Li Yang
- The Center of Experimental Animals, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jianda Dong
- Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Meihui Luo
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Institute of Human Stem Cell Research, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
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20
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Yang N, Dong Z, Tian G, Zhu M, Li C, Bu W, Chen J, Hou X, Liu Y, Wang G, Jia X, Di L, Feng L. Protective effects of organic acid component from Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. against LPS-induced inflammation: Regulating the TLR4/IKK/NF-κB signal pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:395-402. [PMID: 27566210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE TMHM is a type of Chinese medicine commonly used in medical practice and has multiple functions, including clearing heat, detoxification, reducing swelling, and tumor therapy. Previous research has demonstrated that the OAC of TMHM (TMHM-OAC) displays advantageous therapeutic action against respiratory inflammation. However, the effect of TMHM-OAC on inflammatory injury and its anti-inflammatory role requires further clarification. MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro inflammation damage model was employed using NHBE cells and 100ng/ml of (LPS). HPLC-DAD was conducted to analyze the components of TMHM-OAC. An ELISA was conducted to determine IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NO expression. An MTT assay was conducted to determine the cytotoxicity of TMHM-OAC. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, caspase-3, caspase-8, iNOS, TLR4p-nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (p-IκκB), and p-NF-κB p65 in cellular protein, as well as the mRNA levels, were determined using WB, IF testing, and Q-PCR. RESULTS TMHM-OAC significantly reduced LPS-induced NHBE cell inflammation, which was reflected in the reduced expression of relevant cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NO, caspase-3, and caspase-8. In addition, this component suppressed TLR4, p-IKKβ, and p-NF-κB p65 levels in both mRNA and cellular protein. CONCLUSION TMHM-OAC can reduce LPS-induced inflammation in NHBE cells and this function could be linked to the regulation of the TLR4/IKK/NF-kB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Post-doctoral Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jumpcan Pharmaceuticl Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, Taixing 225441, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100# Shizi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, PR China
| | - Zibo Dong
- Post-doctoral Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jumpcan Pharmaceuticl Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, Taixing 225441, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, PR China
| | - Gang Tian
- Post-doctoral Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jumpcan Pharmaceuticl Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, Taixing 225441, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, PR China
| | - Maomao Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100# Shizi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Post-doctoral Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jumpcan Pharmaceuticl Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, Taixing 225441, PR China
| | - Weiquan Bu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, PR China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100# Shizi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100# Shizi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100# Shizi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100# Shizi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100# Shizi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, PR China
| | - Liuqing Di
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100# Shizi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Liang Feng
- Post-doctoral Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jumpcan Pharmaceuticl Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, Taixing 225441, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100# Shizi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, PR China.
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21
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Margaritopoulos GA, Lasithiotaki I, Antoniou KM. Toll-like receptors and autophagy in interstitial lung diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 808:28-34. [PMID: 27687957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) include a number of diseases whose pathogenesis still is not fully understood. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most frequent and severe form of ILDs is an epithelial-driven disease and the treatment consists of the use of antifibrotic agents. In the rest of ILDs an inflammation-driven pathway is believed to be the main pathogenetic mechanism and treatment consists of the use of immunomodulatory agents. In both groups it is believed that infection can play an important role in the development and progression of the diseases. The immune system can recognize exogenous threats or endogenous stress through specialized receptors namely pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which in turn, initiate downstream signaling pathways to control immune responses. Recently, a link between PRRs and autophagy, a specialized biological process involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis but also involved in various immunologic processes, has been described. In this review, we focus on the reciprocal influences of PRRs with particular emphasis on Toll-like receptors and autophagy in modulating innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ismini Lasithiotaki
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pneumonology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Katerina M Antoniou
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pneumonology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
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Hu Y, Lou J, Mao YY, Lai TW, Liu LY, Zhu C, Zhang C, Liu J, Li YY, Zhang F, Li W, Ying SM, Chen ZH, Shen HH. Activation of MTOR in pulmonary epithelium promotes LPS-induced acute lung injury. Autophagy 2016; 12:2286-2299. [PMID: 27658023 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1230584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin [serine/threonine kinase]) plays a crucial role in many major cellular processes including metabolism, proliferation and macroautophagy/autophagy induction, and is also implicated in a growing number of proliferative and metabolic diseases. Both MTOR and autophagy have been suggested to be involved in lung disorders, however, little is known about the role of MTOR and autophagy in pulmonary epithelium in the context of acute lung injury (ALI). In the present study, we observed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation induced MTOR phosphorylation and decreased the expression of MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β)-II, a hallmark of autophagy, in mouse lung epithelium and in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. The activation of MTOR in HBE cells was mediated by TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4) signaling. Genetic knockdown of MTOR or overexpression of autophagy-related proteins significantly attenuated, whereas inhibition of autophagy further augmented, LPS-induced expression of IL6 (interleukin 6) and IL8, through NFKB signaling in HBE cells. Mice with specific knockdown of Mtor in bronchial or alveolar epithelial cells exhibited significantly attenuated airway inflammation, barrier disruption, and lung edema, and displayed prolonged survival in response to LPS exposure. Taken together, our results demonstrate that activation of MTOR in the epithelium promotes LPS-induced ALI, likely through downregulation of autophagy and the subsequent activation of NFKB. Thus, inhibition of MTOR in pulmonary epithelial cells may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing ALI induced by certain bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jian Lou
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Mao
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Tian-Wen Lai
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Li-Yao Liu
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Chen Zhu
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Chao Zhang
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Juan Liu
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yu-Yan Li
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Fan Zhang
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Wen Li
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Song-Min Ying
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Hua-Hao Shen
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China.,b State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases , Guangzhou , China
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23
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Karampitsakos T, Woolard T, Bouros D, Tzouvelekis A. Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 808:35-43. [PMID: 27364757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) constitutes the end stage of a broad range of heterogeneous interstitial lung diseases, characterized by the destruction of the pulmonary parenchyma, deposition of extracellular matrix and dramatic changes in the phenotype of both fibroblasts and alveolar epithelial cells. More than 200 causes of pulmonary fibrosis have been identified so far, yet the most common form is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). IPF is a lethal lung disorder of unknown etiology with a gradually increasing worldwide incidence and a median survival of 3-5 years from the time of diagnosis. Despite intense research efforts, the pathogenesis remains elusive and no effective treatment is available. Accumulating body of evidence suggests an abnormal wound healing response followed by extracellular matrix deposition, destruction of lung architecture, ultimately leading to respiratory failure. The contribution of immune system in lung fibrogenesis had been largely underscored due to the absence of response to immunosuppressive agents; however, the premise that lung fibrosis has an immunologic background has been recently revived. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which link innate and adaptive immune response and regulate wound healing. TLRs promote tissue repair or fibrosis in many disease settings including lung fibrosis, albeit with profound differences depending on the cellular microenvironment. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanistic implications between TLRs and lung fibrosis and highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting TLR signaling at the ligand or receptor level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Karampitsakos
- Academic Department of Pneumonology, Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, "Sotiria", Medical School, University of Athens, Messogion Avenue 152, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Tony Woolard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208057 New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Demosthenes Bouros
- Academic Department of Pneumonology, Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, "Sotiria", Medical School, University of Athens, Messogion Avenue 152, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Argyris Tzouvelekis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208057 New Haven, CT, USA.
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24
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Korovkina ES, Kazharova SV. THE TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS ROLE IN INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE BRONCHOPULMONARY SYSTEM PATHOGENESIS. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2016. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2016-2-109-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Neagos J, Standiford TJ, Newstead MW, Zeng X, Huang SK, Ballinger MN. Epigenetic Regulation of Tolerance to Toll-Like Receptor Ligands in Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 53:872-81. [PMID: 25965198 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0057oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To protect the host against exuberant inflammation and injury responses, cells have the ability to become hyporesponsive or "tolerized" to repeated stimulation by microbial and nonmicrobial insults. The lung airspace is constantly exposed to a variety of exogenous and endogenous Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, yet the ability of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) to be tolerized has yet to be examined. We hypothesize that type II AECs will develop a tolerance phenotype upon repeated TLR agonist exposure. To test this hypothesis, primary AECs isolated from the lungs of mice and a murine AEC cell line (MLE-12) were stimulated with either a vehicle control or a TLR ligand for 18 hours, washed, then restimulated with either vehicle or TLR ligand for an additional 6 hours. Tolerance was assessed by measurement of TLR ligand-stimulated chemokine production (monocyte chemoattractant protein [MCP]-1/CCL2, keratinocyte chemoattractant [KC]/CXCL1, and macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-2/CXCL2). Sequential treatment of primary AECs or MLE-12 cells with TLR agonists resulted in induction of either tolerance or cross-tolerance. The induction of tolerance was not due to expression of specific negative regulators of TLR signaling (interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase [IRAK]-M, Toll-interacting protein [Tollip], single Ig IL-1-related receptor [SIGIRR], or suppressor of cytokine signaling [SOCS]), inhibitory microRNAs (miRs; specifically, miR-155 and miR146a), or secretion of inhibitory or regulatory soluble mediators (prostaglandin E2, IL-10, transforming growth factor-β, or IFN-α/β). Moreover, inhibition of histone demethylation or DNA methylation did not prevent the development of tolerance. However, treatment of AECs with the histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A or suberoylanilide hyrozamine resulted in reversal of the tolerance phenotype. These findings indicate a novel mechanism by which epigenetic modification regulates the induction of tolerance in AECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Neagos
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Theodore J Standiford
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Michael W Newstead
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Xianying Zeng
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Steven K Huang
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Megan N Ballinger
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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26
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Sun XJ, Li XQ, Wang XL, Tan WF, Wang JK. Sevoflurane inhibits nuclear factor-κB activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammatory lung injury via toll-like receptor 4 signaling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122752. [PMID: 25875290 PMCID: PMC4397052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection is a common cause of acute lung injury (ALI). This study was aimed to explore whether Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) play a role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and potential mechanisms. Methods In vivo: A sensitizing dose of LPS (50 µg) was administered i.p. to female mice before anesthesia with either 3% sevoflurane or phenobarbital i.p. After stabilization, the mice were challenged with 5 µg of intratracheal LPS to mimic inflammatory attack. The effects of sevoflurane were assessed by measurement of airway responsiveness to methacholine, histological examination, and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Protein and gene expression of TLR4 and NF-κB were also assessed. In vitro: After pre-sensitization of ASMCs and ASM segments for 24h, levels of TLR4 and NF-κB proteins in cultured ASMCs were measured after continuous LPS exposure for 1, 3, 5, 12 and 24h in presence or absence of sevoflurane. Constrictor and relaxant responsiveness of ASM was measured 24 h afterwards. Results The mRNA and protein levels of NF-κB and TLR4 in ASM were increased and maintained at high level after LPS challenge throughout 24h observation period, both in vivo and in vitro. Sevoflurane reduced LPS-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, lung inflammatory cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines release in BALF as well as maximal isometric contractile force of ASM segments to acetylcholine, but it increased maximal relaxation response to isoproterenol. Treatment with specific NF-κB inhibitor produced similar protections as sevoflurane, including decreased expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB in cultured ASMCs and improved pharmacodynamic responsiveness of ASM to ACh and isoproterenol. Conclusions This study demonstrates the crucial role of TLR4 activation in ASMCs during ALI in response to LPS. Sevoflurane exerts direct relaxant and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro via inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jia Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao Long Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Wen Fei Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Ke Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail:
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