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Saremi S, Khajeh K. Amyloid fibril cytotoxicity and associated disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 206:265-290. [PMID: 38811083 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Misfolded proteins assemble into fibril structures that are called amyloids. Unlike usually folded proteins, misfolded fibrils are insoluble and deposit extracellularly or intracellularly. Misfolded proteins interrupt the function and structure of cells and cause amyloid disease. There is increasing evidence that the most pernicious species are oligomers. Misfolded proteins disrupt cell function and cause cytotoxicity by calcium imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and intracellular reactive oxygen species. Despite profound impacts on health, social, and economic factors, amyloid diseases remain untreatable. To develop new therapeutics and to understand the pathological manifestations of amyloidosis, research into the origin and pathology of amyloidosis is urgently needed. This chapter describes the basic concept of amyloid disease and the function of atypical amyloid deposits in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabereh Saremi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Rama Esendagli D, Ntiamoah P, Kupeli E, Bhardwaj A, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay S, Mehta AC. Recurrence of primary disease following lung transplantation. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00038-2022. [PMID: 35651363 PMCID: PMC9149385 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00038-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung transplant has become definitive treatment for patients with several end-stage lung diseases. Since the first attempted lung transplantation in 1963, survival has significantly improved due to advancement in immunosuppression, organ procurement, ex vivo lung perfusion, surgical techniques, prevention of chronic lung allograft dysfunction and bridging to transplant using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Despite a steady increase in number of lung transplantations each year, there is still a huge gap between demand and supply of organs available, and work continues to select recipients with potential for best outcomes. According to review of the literature, there are some rare primary diseases that may recur following transplantation. As the number of lung transplants increase, we continue to identify disease processes at highest risk for recurrence, thus shaping our future approaches. While the aim of lung transplantation is improving survival and quality of life, choosing the best recipients is crucial due to a shortage of donated organs. Here we discuss the common disease processes that recur and highlight its impact on overall outcome following lung transplantation. This article reviews the underlying conditions leading to lung transplant with potential for recurrence and the impact of such recurrences on the overall outcome following transplanthttps://bit.ly/3v3gSvJ
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Fazleen A, Wilkinson T. The emerging role of proteases in α 1-antitrypsin deficiency and beyond. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00494-2021. [PMID: 34820446 PMCID: PMC8607071 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00494-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α1-Antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) has been historically under-recognised and under-diagnosed; recently it has begun to receive greater interest in terms of attempts at deeper elucidation of pathology and treatment options. However, the concept of disease phenotypes within AATD (emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis or a combination of phenotypes) has not been proposed or studied. Of the three neutrophil serine proteases, neutrophil elastase was historically believed to be the sole contributor to disease pathology in AATD. Recently, Proteinase-3 has been increasingly studied as an equal, if not greater, contributor to the disease process. Cathepsin G, however, has not been extensively evaluated in this area. Matrix metalloproteinases have also been mentioned in the pathogenesis of AATD but have not been widely explored. This article considers the available evidence for differential protease activity in patients with AATD, including the contribution to distinct phenotypes of the disease. Owing to limited literature in this area, extrapolations from studies of other chronic lung diseases with similar phenotypes, including COPD and bronchiectasis, have been made. We consider a new framework of understanding defined by protease-driven endotypes of disease which may lead to new opportunities for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishath Fazleen
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Tom Wilkinson
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Oriano M, Amati F, Gramegna A, De Soyza A, Mantero M, Sibila O, Chotirmall SH, Voza A, Marchisio P, Blasi F, Aliberti S. Protease-Antiprotease Imbalance in Bronchiectasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5996. [PMID: 34206113 PMCID: PMC8199509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation plays a central role in bronchiectasis. Protease-antiprotease balance is crucial in bronchiectasis pathophysiology and increased presence of unopposed proteases activity may contribute to bronchiectasis onset and progression. Proteases' over-reactivity and antiprotease deficiency may have a role in increasing inflammation in bronchiectasis airways and may lead to extracellular matrix degradation and tissue damage. Imbalances in serine proteases and matrix-metallo proteinases (MMPs) have been associated to bronchiectasis. Active neutrophil elastase has been associated with disease severity and poor long-term outcomes in this disease. Moreover, high levels of MMPs have been associated with radiological and disease severity. Finally, severe deficiency of α1-antitrypsin (AAT), as PiSZ and PiZZ (proteinase inhibitor SZ and ZZ) phenotype, have been associated with bronchiectasis development. Several treatments are under study to reduce protease activity in lungs. Molecules to inhibit neutrophil elastase activity have been developed in both oral or inhaled form, along with compounds inhibiting dipeptydil-peptidase 1, enzyme responsible for the activation of serine proteases. Finally, supplementation with AAT is in use for patients with severe deficiency. The identification of different targets of therapy within the protease-antiprotease balance contributes to a precision medicine approach in bronchiectasis and eventually interrupts and disrupts the vicious vortex which characterizes the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Oriano
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.O.); (F.A.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Amati
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.O.); (F.A.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Andrea Gramegna
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.O.); (F.A.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Anthony De Soyza
- Population and Health Science Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing & Freeman Hospital, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Marco Mantero
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.O.); (F.A.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Oriol Sibila
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Sanjay H. Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Antonio Voza
- Emergency Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Teaching Hospital, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paola Marchisio
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.O.); (F.A.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
- Paediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.O.); (F.A.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.O.); (F.A.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Bashir A, Hazari Y, Pal D, Maity D, Bashir S, Singh LR, Shah NN, Fazili KM. Aggregation of M3 (E376D) variant of alpha1- antitrypsin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8290. [PMID: 32427833 PMCID: PMC7237413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha1-antitrypsin (α1AT) is an abundant serine-protease inhibitor in circulation. It has an important role in neutralizing the neutrophil elastase activity. Different pathogenic point mutations like Z(E342K)-α1AT have been implicated in the development of liver cirrhosis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), the latter being a cluster of progressive lung diseases including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. M3-α1AT (376Glu > Asp) is another variant of α1AT which so far is largely being considered as normal though increased frequency of the variant has been reported in many human diseases including COPD. We also observed increased frequency of M3-α1AT in COPD cases in Kashmiri population. The frequency of heterozygous (AC) genotype in cases and controls was 58.57% and 27.61% (odds-ratio 6.53 (2.27-15.21); p < 0.0001) respectively, while homozygous CC genotype was found to be 21.42% and 6.66% (odds-ratio 10.56 (3.63-18.64); p < 0.0001) respectively. Comparative in vitro investigations that include trypsin‒antitrypsin assay, Circular Dichroism spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering performed on wild-type (M-α1AT), M3-α1AT, and Z-α1AT proteins along with the molecular dynamics simulations revealed that M3-α1AT has properties similar to Z-α1AT capable of forming aggregates of varied size. Our maiden observations suggest that M3-α1AT may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD and other disorders by mechanisms that warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Bashir
- UPR Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Younis Hazari
- UPR Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Laboratory of Proteostasis Control and Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Debnath Pal
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences (CDS), Indian Institute of Sciences, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Maity
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences (CDS), Indian Institute of Sciences, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Samirul Bashir
- UPR Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | | | - Naveed Nazir Shah
- Department of Chest Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Khalid Majid Fazili
- UPR Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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de Seynes C, Ged C, de Verneuil H, Chollet N, Balduyck M, Raherison C. Identification of a novel alpha1-antitrypsin variant. Respir Med Case Rep 2016; 20:64-67. [PMID: 28053854 PMCID: PMC5198725 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) is a genetic condition caused by SERPINA1 mutations, which results into decreased protease inhibitor activity in the serum and predisposes to emphysema and/or to liver disease due to accumulation of the abnormal protein in the hepatic cells. In most cases the clinical manifestations of A1ATD are associated with PIZZ (p.Glu366Lys; p.Glu366Lys (p.Glu342Lys; p.Glu342Lys)) or PISZ (p.Glu288Val; p.Glu366Lys (p.Glu264Val; p.Glu342Lys)) genotype, less frequently, deficient or null alleles may be present in compound heterozygous or homozygous A1AT deficient patients. We report the identification of a novel alpha1-antitrypsin variant in a 64-year old woman presenting with dyspnea on exertion. Imaging revealed bilateral bronchiectasis associated with moderate panacinar emphysema. The pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were subnormal but hypoxemia was noticed and A1AT quantitative analysis revealed a severe deficiency. DNA sequencing showed compound heterozygosity for the PIZ variant and a novel missense variant p.Phe232Leu (p.Phe208Leu). No specific treatment was proposed since PFTs were within the normal range at this stage of the disease. Close follow-up of pulmonary and hepatic parameters was recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille de Seynes
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Bordeaux University, France
- Corresponding author. Department of Respiratory Diseases, Bordeaux University, 33000 Bordeaux, France.Department of Respiratory DiseasesBordeaux UniversityBordeaux33000France
| | - C. Ged
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bordeaux University, France
| | - H. de Verneuil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bordeaux University, France
| | - N. Chollet
- 130 rue de Pessac, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - M. Balduyck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lille University, France
| | - C. Raherison
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Bordeaux University, France
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Wezynfeld NE, Bonna A, Bal W, Frączyk T. Ni(ii) ions cleave and inactivate human alpha-1 antitrypsin hydrolytically, implicating nickel exposure as a contributing factor in pathologies related to antitrypsin deficiency. Metallomics 2015; 7:596-604. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00316k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ni(ii) ions cleave AAT hydrolytically, inactivating the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Ewa Wezynfeld
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Bonna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Frączyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Shaharom M, Kerr H, Bergin D, Hurley K. The impact of endoplasmic reticulum stress on neutrophil function in alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. BMC Proc 2015. [PMCID: PMC4306048 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-9-s1-a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Smith RA, Wienke SE, Baker MK. Classifying married adults diagnosed with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency based on spousal communication patterns using latent class analysis: insights for intervention. J Genet Couns 2014; 23:299-310. [PMID: 24177906 PMCID: PMC4007387 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-013-9661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Married adults are increasingly exposed to test results that indicate an increased genetic risk for adult-onset conditions. For example, a SERPINA1 mutation, associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), predisposes affected individuals to diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer, which are often detected in adulthood. Married adults are likely to discuss genetic test results with their spouses, and interpersonal research suggests that spouses' communication patterns differ. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of spousal communication patterns about AATD results from a sample of married adults in the Alpha-1 Research Registry (N = 130). A five-class model was identified, and the subgroups were consistent with existing spousal-communication typologies. This study also showed that genetic beliefs (e.g., genetic stigma), emotions, and experiences (e.g., insurance difficulties) covaried with membership in particular subgroups. Understanding these differences can serve as the foundation for the creation of effective, targeted communications interventions to address the specific needs and conversational patterns of different kinds of couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Smith
- Communication Arts and Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA,
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Smith RA, Greenberg M, Parrott RL. Segmenting by risk perceptions: predicting young adults' genetic-belief profiles with health and opinion-leader covariates. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2013; 29:483-93. [PMID: 24111749 PMCID: PMC4062443 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2013.768475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
With a growing interest in using genetic information to motivate young adults' health behaviors, audience segmentation is needed for effective campaign design. Using latent class analysis, this study identifies segments based on young adults' (N = 327) beliefs about genetic threats to their health and personal efficacy over genetic influences on their health. A four-class model was identified. The model indicators fit the risk perception attitude framework (Rimal & Real, 2003), but the covariates (e.g., current health behaviors) did not. In addition, opinion leader qualities covaried with one profile: Those in this profile engaged in fewer preventative behaviors and more dangerous treatment options, and also liked to persuade others, making them a particularly salient group for campaign efforts. The implications for adult-onset disorders, like alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Smith
- a Department of Communication Arts & Sciences , Pennsylvania State University
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