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Wei Y, Xie Z, Xie Z, Deng X, Li X, Xie L, Fan Q, Zhang Y, Wang S, Ren H, Wan L, Luo S, Li M. Differences in the pathogenicity and molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 epidemic strains in Guangxi Province, southern China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1428958. [PMID: 38993495 PMCID: PMC11236736 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1428958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Starting in 2015, the widespread prevalence of hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) has led to considerable financial losses within China's poultry farming industry. In this study, pathogenicity assessments, whole-genome sequencing, and analyses were conducted on 10 new isolates of the novel genotype FAdV-4 during a HHS outbreak in Guangxi Province, China, from 2019 to 2020. The results indicated that strains GX2019-010 to GX2019-013 and GX2019-015 to GX2019-018 were highly virulent, while strain GX2020-019 exhibited moderate virulence. Strain GX2019-014 was characterized as a wild-type strain with low virulence, displaying no pathogenic effects when 0.5 mL containing 106 TCID50 virus was inoculated into the muscle of specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens at 4 weeks of age, while 107 TCID50 and 108 TCID50 resulted in mortality rates of 80 and 100%, respectively. The whole genomes of strains GX2019-010 to GX2019-013, GX2019-015 to GX2019-018, and GX2020-019 showed high homology with other Chinese newly emerging highly pathogenic FAdV-4 strains, whereas GX2019-014 was closer to nonmutant strains and shared the same residues with known nonpathogenic strains (B1-7, KR5, and ON1) at positions 219AA and 380AA of the Fiber-2 protein. Our work enriches the research on prevalent strains of FAdV-4 in China, expands the knowledge on the virulence diversity of the novel genotype FAdV-4, and provides valuable reference material for further investigations into the key virulence-associated genetic loci of FAdV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural A-airs of China, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural A-airs of China, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural A-airs of China, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianwen Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural A-airs of China, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural A-airs of China, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural A-airs of China, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural A-airs of China, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural A-airs of China, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural A-airs of China, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongyu Ren
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural A-airs of China, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lijun Wan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural A-airs of China, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural A-airs of China, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Meng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural A-airs of China, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Rashid F, Xie Z, Wei Y, Xie Z, Xie L, Li M, Luo S. Biological features of fowl adenovirus serotype-4. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1370414. [PMID: 38915924 PMCID: PMC11194357 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1370414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is highly pathogenic to broilers aged 3 to 5 weeks and has caused considerable economic loss in the poultry industry worldwide. FAdV-4 is the causative agent of hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) or hydropericardium syndrome (HPS). The virus targets mainly the liver, and HPS symptoms are observed in infected chickens. This disease was first reported in Pakistan but has now spread worldwide, and over time, various deletions in the FAdV genome and mutations in its major structural proteins have been detected. This review provides detailed information about FAdV-4 genome organization, physiological features, epidemiology, coinfection with other viruses, and host immune suppression. Moreover, we investigated the role and functions of important structural proteins in FAdV-4 pathogenesis. Finally, the potential regulatory effects of FAdV-4 infection on ncRNAs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Rashid
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - You Wei
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
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Li Y, Zhou H, Li B, Li J, Shen Y, Jiang Y, Cui W, Tang L. Immunoprotection of FliBc chimeric fiber2 fusion proteins targeting dendritic cells against Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 infection. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103474. [PMID: 38387285 PMCID: PMC10899072 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) is a highly fatal disease in chickens caused by the highly pathogenic fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), which has severe economic consequences. The fiber2 protein exhibits excellent potential as a candidate for a subunit vaccination against FAdV-4. Despite having a high safety profile, subunit vaccines have low immunogenicity due to their lack of infectivity, which leads to low levels of immune response. As a vaccine adjuvant, Salmonella flagellin possesses the potential to augment the immunological response to vaccinations. Additionally, a crucial strategy for enhancing vaccine efficacy is efficient presentation of immune antigens to dendritic cells (DC) for targeted vaccination. In this study, we designed FAdV-4-fiber2 protein, and a recombinant protein called FliBc-fiber2-SP which based on FAdV-4-fiber2 protein, was generated using the gene sequence FliBc, which retains only the conserved sequence at the amino and carboxyl termini of the flagellin B subunit, and a short peptide SPHLHTSSPWER (SP), which targets chicken bone marrow-derived DC. They were separately administered via intramuscular injection to 14-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, and their immunogenicity was compared. At 21 d postvaccination (dpv), it was found that the FliBc-fiber2-SP recombinant protein elicited significantly higher levels of IgG antibodies and conferred a vaccine protection rate of up to 100% compared to its counterpart fiber2 protein. These results suggest that the DC-targeted peptide fusion strategy for flagellin chimeric antigen construction can effectively enhance the immune protective efficacy of antigen proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 1550030, China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 1550030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bolong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 1550030, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 1550030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuanmeng Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 1550030, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 1550030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 1550030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 1550030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China.
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4
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Yeo JI, Lee R, Kim H, Ahn S, Park J, Sung HW. Genetic modification regulates pathogenicity of a fowl adenovirus 4 strain after cell line adaptation (genetic mutation in FAdV-4 lowered pathogenicity). Heliyon 2023; 9:e19860. [PMID: 37809944 PMCID: PMC10559258 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4) is a major avian virus that induces fatal diseases in chicken such as, hydropericardium and hepatitis. The viral structure consists of hexon, penton, fiber-1, and fiber-2 which are associated with immunopathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the genetic modification of a FAdV-4 strain after continuous passages in a cell line and evaluated the pathogenicity associated with mutations. We used the FadV-4 KNU14061 strain, which was isolated from layers in 2014. The virus went through 80 passages in the Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cell line. The full genetic sequence was identified, and we found a frameshift in the fiber-2 amino acid sequence after the initial thirty passages. To examine whether the frameshift in the fiber-2 gene affects the pathogenicity in chicken, we inoculated LMH80 (80 times passaged) and LMH10 (10 times passaged) into 3-day-old chickens and examined the pathogenesis. LMH10 infection via intramuscular route induced fatal pathology, but LMH80 did not. Furthermore, LHM80 pre-treatment protected hosts from the LMH10 challenge. Thus, the genetic modification isolated by serial passage lowered pathogenicity and the resulting virus acted as an attenuated vaccine that can be a FAdV-4 vaccine strain candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-in Yeo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rangyeon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneul Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Somin Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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5
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Wei Y, Xie Z, Fan Q, Xie Z, Deng X, Luo S, Li X, Zhang Y, Zeng T, Huang J, Ruan Z, Wang S. Pathogenicity and molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 with moderate virulence in Guangxi Province, China. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1190126. [PMID: 37215467 PMCID: PMC10196193 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1190126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The GX2020-019 strain of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) was isolated from the liver of chickens with hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome in Guangxi Province, China, and was purified by plaque assay three times. Pathogenicity studies showed that GX2020-019 can cause typical FAdV-4 pathology, such as hydropericardium syndrome and liver yellowing and swelling. Four-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens inoculated with the virus at doses of 103 median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), 104 TCID50, 105 TCID50, 106 TCID50, and 107 TCID50 had mortality rates of 0, 20, 60, 100, and 100%, respectively, which were lower than those of chickens inoculated with other highly pathogenic Chinese isolates, indicating that GX2020-019 is a moderately virulent strain. Persistent shedding occurred through the oral and cloacal routes for up to 35 days postinfection. The viral infection caused severe pathological damage to the liver, kidney, lung, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen. The damage to the liver and immune organs could not be fully restored 21 days after infection, which continued to affect the immune function of chickens. Whole genome analysis indicated that the strain belonged to the FAdV-C group, serotype 4, and had 99.7-100% homology with recent FAdV-4 strains isolated from China. However, the amino acid sequences encoded by ORF30 and ORF49 are identical to the sequences found in nonpathogenic strains, and none of the 32 amino acid mutation sites that appeared in other Chinese isolates were found. Our research expands understanding of the pathogenicity of FAdV-4 and provides a reference for further studies.
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Guo Y, Xu Z, Chao Y, Cao X, Jiang H, Li H, Li T, Wan Z, Shao H, Qin A, Xie Q, Ye J. An efficient double-fluorescence approach for generating fiber-2-edited recombinant serotype 4 fowl adenovirus expressing foreign gene. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1160031. [PMID: 37065110 PMCID: PMC10102364 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1160031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the infection of serotype 4 fowl adenovirus (FAdV-4) in chicken flocks has become endemic in China, which greatly threatens the sustainable development of poultry industry. The development of recombinant FAdV-4 expressing foreign genes is an efficient strategy for controlling both FAdV-4 and other important poultry pathogens. Previous reverse genetic technique for generating the recombinant fowl adenovirus is generally inefficient. In this study, a recombinant FAdV-4 expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP), FA4-EGFP, was used as a template virus and directly edited fiber-2 gene to develop an efficient double-fluorescence approach to generate recombinant FAdV-4 through CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre-Loxp system. Moreover, using this strategy, a recombinant virus FAdV4-HA(H9) stably expressing the HA gene of H9N2 influenza virus was generated. Chicken infection study revealed that the recombinant virus FAdV4-HA(H9) was attenuated, and could induce haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer against H9N2 influenza virus at early time points and inhibit the viral replication in oropharynx. All these demonstrate that the novel strategy for constructing recombinant FAdV-4 expressing foreign genes developed here paves the way for rapidly developing attenuated FAdV-4-based recombinant vaccines for fighting the diseases caused by both FAdV-4 and other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifei Chao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xudong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiru Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tuofan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Xie,
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jianqiang Ye,
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7
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De Luca C, Schachner A, Heidl S, Hess M, Liebhart D, Mitra T. Local cellular immune response plays a key role in protecting chickens against hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) by vaccination with a recombinant fowl adenovirus (FAdV) chimeric fiber protein. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026233. [PMID: 36389772 PMCID: PMC9650998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV)-induced diseases hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) and inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) have been affecting the poultry industry with increasing severity in the last two decades. Recently, a subunit vaccine based on a chimeric fiber protein with epitopes from different fowl adenovirus serotypes (named crecFib-4/11) has been shown to confer simultaneous protection against both HHS and IBH. However, the underlying immune mechanisms in chickens are still enigmatic, especially because of frequently absent neutralizing response despite high levels of protection. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of the humoral and cellular immune responses in specific pathogen-free chickens after vaccination with crecFib-4/11 and/or challenge with a HHS-causing strain, on a systemic level, as well as locally in target and lymphoid organs. The humoral response was assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and virus neutralization test in serum, while the cellular immune response was determined by phenotyping using flow cytometry. Although vaccination induced serum antibodies, as confirmed by ELISA, such antibodies exhibited no pre-challenge neutralizing activity against FAdV-4. Nevertheless, immunized birds experienced a significant B cell increase in the liver upon challenge, remaining high throughout the experiment. Furthermore, vaccination stimulated the proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, with earlier circulation in the blood compared to the challenge control and subsequent increase in liver and spleen. Overall, these findings imply that protection of chickens from HHS after crecFib-4/11 vaccination relies on a prominent local immune response in the target organs, instead of circulating neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta De Luca
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Schachner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Heidl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Liebhart
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Taniya Mitra
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Taniya Mitra, ;
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8
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Wang B, Song M, Song C, Zhao S, Yang P, Qiao Q, Cong Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhao J. An inactivated novel chimeric FAdV-4 containing fiber of FAdV-8b provides full protection against hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome and inclusion body hepatitis. Vet Res 2022; 53:75. [PMID: 36175926 PMCID: PMC9523898 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) and FAdV-8b are causative agents of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) and inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), respectively. HHS and IBH co-infections were often reported in clinical, yet there are no commercially available bivalent vaccines for prevention and control of both FAdV-4 and -8b. In the present study, a chimeric FAdV-4 was firstly generated by substituting fiber-1 of FAdV-4 with fiber of FAdV-8b. The chimeric virus, rFAdV-4-fiber/8b, exhibited similar replication ability in vitro and pathogenicity in vivo to the parental wild type FAdV-4. A single dosage of vaccination with the inactivated rFAdV-4-fiber/8b induced high antibody titers against fiber-2 of FAdV-4 and fiber of FAdV-8b and provided full protection against FAdV-4 and -8b challenge. These results demonstrated that fiber of FAdV-8b could replace the role of fiber-1 of FAdV-4 in the process of viral infection, and rFAdV-4-fiber/8b could be used to make a potential bivalent vaccine for the control and prevention of HHS and IBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mingzhen Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Congcong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shiyi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Qilong Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yanfang Cong
- National Animal Health Products for Engineering Technology Research Center, Qingdao, 266111, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- National Animal Health Products for Engineering Technology Research Center, Qingdao, 266111, China
| | - Zeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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9
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Jia Z, Pan X, Zhi W, Chen H, Bai B, Ma C, Ma D. Probiotics Surface-Delivering Fiber2 Protein of Fowl Adenovirus 4 Stimulate Protective Immunity Against Hepatitis-Hydropericardium Syndrome in Chickens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:919100. [PMID: 35837390 PMCID: PMC9273852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.919100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesHepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) caused by Fowl adenoviruses serotype 4 (FAdV-4) leads to severe economic losses to the poultry industry. Although various vaccines are available, vaccines that effectively stimulate intestinal mucosal immunity are still deficient. In the present study, novel probiotics that surface-deliver Fiber2 protein, the major virulence determiner and efficient immunogen for FAdV-4, were explored to prevent this fecal–oral-transmitted virus, and the induced protective immunity was evaluated after oral immunization.MethodsThe probiotic Enterococcus faecalis strain MDXEF-1 and Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 were used as host strains to deliver surface-anchoring Fiber2 protein of FAdV-4. Then the constructed live recombinant bacteria were orally vaccinated thrice with chickens at intervals of 2 weeks. Following each immunization, immunoglobulin G (IgG) in sera, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in jejunum lavage, immune-related cytokines, and T-cell proliferation were detected. Following challenge with the highly virulent FAdV-4, the protective effects of the probiotics surface-delivering Fiber2 protein were evaluated by verifying inflammatory factors, viral load, liver function, and survival rate.ResultsThe results demonstrated that probiotics surface-delivering Fiber2 protein stimulated humoral and intestinal mucosal immune responses in chickens, shown by high levels of sIgA and IgG antibodies, substantial rise in mRNA levels of cytokines, increased proliferative ability of T cells in peripheral blood, improved liver function, and reduced viral load in liver. Accordingly, adequate protection against homologous challenges and a significant increase in the overall survival rate were observed. Notably, chickens orally immunized with E. faecalis/DCpep-Fiber2-CWA were completely protected from the FAdV-4 challenge, which is better than L. lactis/DCpep-Fiber2-CWA.ConclusionThe recombinant probiotics surface-expressing Fiber2 protein could evoke remarkable humoral and cellular immune responses, relieve injury, and functionally damage target organs. The current study indicates a promising method used for preventing FAdV-4 infection in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinghui Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjing Zhi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bingrong Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunli Ma
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Chunli Ma, ; Dexing Ma,
| | - Dexing Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Chunli Ma, ; Dexing Ma,
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10
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Liu XN, Guo XR, Han Y, Tian T, Sun J, Lei BS, Zhang WC, Yuan WZ, Zhao K. The Cellular and Viral circRNAs Induced by Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:925953. [PMID: 35722302 PMCID: PMC9201442 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.925953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of noncoding RNAs that play vital roles in many biological processes. Virus infection induces modifications in cellular circRNA transcriptomes and expresses viral circRNAs. The outbreaks of Hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) have resulted in huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. To investigate the expression of circRNAs during FAdV-4 infection, we performed transcriptome analysis of FAdV-4-infected leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells. In total, 19,154 cellular circRNAs and 135 differentially expressed (DE) cellular circRNAs were identified. The characteristics of the DE cellular circRNAs were analyzed and most of them were related to multiple biological processes according to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. The accuracy of 10 cellular circRNAs were verified by semiquantitative RT-PCR and sequencing. The change trend was consistent with the RNA sequencing results. Moreover, 2014 viral circRNAs were identified and 10 circRNAs were verified by the same methods. Our analysis showed that seven circRNAs with the same 3′ terminal and variable 5′ terminal regions were located at pTP protein and DNA pol protein of FAdV-4, which may be generated via alternative splicing events. Moreover, the expression level of viral circRNAs was closely related to the replication efficiency of the virus and partial of the viral circRNAs promoted the replication of FAdV-4. Competing endogenous RNA analysis further showed that the effects of cellular and viral circRNAs on host or viral genes may act via miRNAs. Collectively, our findings first indicate that FAdV-4 infection induced the differential expression of cellular circRNAs and FAdV-4 also expressed viral circRNAs, some of which affected FAdV-4 replication. These findings will provide new clues for further understanding FAdV-4 and provide a basis for investigating host-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiao-Ran Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ying Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Tian Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Bai-Shi Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wu-Chao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wan-Zhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Kuan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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11
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The Role of Hexon Amino Acid 188 Varies in Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 Strains with Different Virulence. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0149322. [PMID: 35587634 PMCID: PMC9241812 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01493-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) induced by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has caused huge economic losses to poultry industries. The key genes responsible for different virulence of FAdV-4 strains are not fully elucidated. Previous studies indicated that hexon of pathogenic FAdV-4 has a conserved arginine (R) at position 188, and a conserved isoleucine (I) is present at this position in reported nonpathogenic FAdV-4. Recently, it was reported that R188 of hexon is the determinant site for pathogenicity of the emerging Chinese FAdV-4 strain. However, the role of hexon amino acid 188 (aa188) has not been examined in the nonpathogenic FAdV-4 strain. In this study, three recombinant FAdV-4 viruses, H/H/R188I, O/O/I188R, and H/O/I188R, were constructed by mutating hexon aa188 of FAdV-4 pathogenic strain CH/HNJZ/2015 (H) and nonpathogenic strain ON1 (O), and pathogenicity was assessed in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Consistent with previous findings, H/O/I188R exhibited pathogenicity similar to that of CH/HNJZ/2015, yet H/H/R188I induced no mortality. Unexpectedly, all chickens infected with O/O/I188R survived. Postmortem examination of O/O/I188R-infected chickens showed typical lesions of inclusion body hepatitis rather than HHS. Expression of proinflammatory cytokines in CH/HNJZ/2015- and H/O/I188R-infected chickens was significantly higher than that in H/H/R188I-, ON1-, and O/O/I188R-infected chickens. Analysis of predicted hexon protein structures indicated that aa188 mutation leads to conformational changes in the L1 loop of HNJZ-hexon but not in ON1-hexon. In summary, the present study demonstrated that the role of hexon aa188 in the virulence of FAdV-4 varies between different strains. Induction of HHS requires factors aside from hexon aa188 in the emerging Chinese FAdV-4 strain. IMPORTANCE HHS induced by FAdV-4 has caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry. The key determinants for the different virulence of FAdV-4 have not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the role of hexon aa188 in FAdV-4 strains with different virulence and showed that the role of hexon aa188 varies in FAdV-4 strains with different genetic contents. The hexon R188 may be the key amino acid for causing inclusion body hepatitis by the pathogenic FAdV-4 strain, and induction of HHS by FAdV-4 may need other viral cofactors. Moreover, the hexon R188I mutation greatly affected the expression of proinflammatory cytokines induced by the pathogenic strain CH/HNJZ/2015, but no significant difference was observed between the nonpathogenic strain ON1 and ON1 with hexon I188R mutation. We found that hexon aa188 mutation induced conformational changes to hexon protein in CH/HNJZ/2015 but not in ON1, which might be the underlying reason for the changing virulence.
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12
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Xie Q, Wang W, Kan Q, Mu Y, Zhang W, Chen J, Li L, Fu H, Li T, Wan Z, Gao W, Shao H, Qin A, Ye J. FAdV-4 without Fiber-2 Is a Highly Attenuated and Protective Vaccine Candidate. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0143621. [PMID: 35107364 PMCID: PMC8809343 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01436-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) caused by the highly pathogenic fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has resulted in huge economic losses to the poultry industry globally. The fiber-2 gene, as a major virulence determiner, is also an important vaccine target against FAdV-4. In this study, we used a CRISPR/Cas9-based homology-dependent recombinant technique to replace the fiber-2 gene with egfp and generate a novel recombinant virus, designated FAdV4-EGFP-rF2. Although FAdV4-EGFP-rF2 showed low replication ability compared to the wild-type FAdV-4 in LMH cells, FAdV4-EGFP-rF2 could effectively replicate in LMH-F2 cells with the expression of Fiber-2. Moreover, FAdV4-EGFP-rF2 was not only highly attenuated in chickens, but also could provide efficient protection against a lethal challenge of FAdV-4. Moreover, FAdV4-EGFP-rF2 without fiber-2 could induce neutralizing antibodies at the same level as FA4-EGFP with fiber-2. These results clearly demonstrate that although fiber-2 affects the viral replication and pathogenesis of FAdV-4, it is not necessary for virus replication and induction of neutralizing antibodies; these findings provide novel insights into the roles of fiber-2 and highlight fiber-2 as an insertion site for generating live-attenuated FAdV-4 vaccines against FAdV-4 and other pathogens. IMPORTANCE Among all serotypes of fowl adenovirus, serotypes FAdV-1, FAdV-4, and FAdV-10 are unique members with two fiber genes (fiber-1 and fiber-2). Recent studies reveal that Fiber-1, not Fiber-2, directly triggers viral infection of FAdV-4, whereas Fiber-2, but not Fiber-1, has been identified as the major virulence determiner and an efficient protective immunogen for subunit vaccines. Here, we replaced fiber-2 with egfp to generate a novel recombinant virus, designated FAdV4-EGFP-rF2. In vitro and in vivo studies on FAdV4-EGFP-rF2 revealed that fiber-2 was not necessary for either virus replication or efficient protection for FAdV-4; these results not only provide a novel live-attenuated vaccine candidate against HHS, but also give new ideas for generating a FAdV-4 based vaccine vector against other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weikang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuqi Kan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaru Mu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Sinopharm Yangzhou VAC Biological Engineering Co. Ltd., Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tuofan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Mase M, Tanaka Y, Iseki H, Watanabe S. Genomic characterization of a fowl adenovirus serotype 4 strain isolated from a chicken with hydropericardium syndrome in Japan. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1191-1195. [PMID: 35182243 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the genomic characterization of a fowl adenovirus serotype 4 strain isolated from a chicken with hydropericardium syndrome in Japan. The viral genome of FAdV-4 strain JP/LVP-1/96 was found to be 45,688 bp long. Amino acid substitutions at position 219 (G to D) in the fiber-2 protein and at position 188 (I to R) in the hexon protein, which are commonly found in virulent FAdV-4 strains, were also found in the JP/LVP-1/96 strain. Additional specific amino acid substitutions commonly found in virulent FAdV-4 strains were found in ORFs 4 and 43, which are present only in members of the species Fowl adenovirus C. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete hexon protein gene sequences showed that strain JP/LVP-1/96 belongs to a different genetic cluster from the strains circulating in neighboring countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaji Mase
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan. .,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan. .,Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Yuko Tanaka
- Kyoto Prefectural Chutan Livestock Hygiene Center, 371-2 Handa Fukuchiyama, Kyoto, 602-8570, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iseki
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Satoko Watanabe
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
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14
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Yin D, He L, Zhu E, Fang T, Yue J, Wen M, Wang K, Cheng Z. A fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) Fiber2 subunit vaccine candidate provides complete protection against challenge with virulent FAdV-4 strain in chickens. Vet Microbiol 2021; 263:109250. [PMID: 34649009 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4)-induced hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) with high mortality causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. However, commercially available vaccines against FAdV-4 infection remain scarce. Here, we prepared a subunit vaccine candidate derived from the bacterially expressed recombinant Fiber2 protein (termed as rFiber2 subunit vaccine) of FAdV-4 GZ-QL strain (a hypervirulent strain isolated in Guizhou province) and a recombinant plasmid pVAX1-Fiber2 as DNA vaccine candidate (termed as Fiber2 DNA vaccine). The immune effects of different dosages (50, 100, and 150 μg) of these were evaluated through immunization and challenge studies in chickens. Three injections of the rFiber2 subunit vaccine or the Fiber2 DNA vaccine induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses in chickens, which was assessed based on the secretion of high-level neutralizing antibodies, Th1- (IL-2, IFN-γ) and Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-6). Importantly, the efficacy of the rFiber2 subunit vaccine was significantly higher (80 %-100 %) compared with the Fiber2 DNA vaccine (50 %-60 %) and a commercial inactivated vaccine (80 %). Collectively, these results suggest that the rFiber2 subunit and Fiber2 DNA vaccine candidate induced remarkable humoral and cellular immune responses, while the rFiber2 subunit vaccine candidate possesses better potential in the fight against FAdV-4 infection, laying foundations for the effective control of HHS in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejing Yin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Erpeng Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tian Fang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jun Yue
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Ming Wen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Kaigong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhentao Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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15
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Sohaimi NM, Hair-Bejo M. A recent perspective on fiber and hexon genes proteins analyses of fowl adenovirus toward virus infectivity-A review. Open Vet J 2021; 11:569-580. [PMID: 35070851 PMCID: PMC8770197 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is a double-stranded DNA virus with a non-enveloped structure comprising three major proteins known as hexon, penton, and fiber. Molecular analysis which emphasizes on hexon and fiber proteins is currently the major focus of curiosity for FAdV antigenicity and pathogenicity. Recently, disease outbreaks associated with FAdV infections such as inclusion body hepatitis, hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome, and gizzard erosion, were commonly reported and continue to increase worldwide. Studies on the virulence gene of the virus were intensively conducted to provide a better understanding on the role of these major capsid proteins in the development of a safe and effective vaccine against the disease in the poultry industry. This paper highlights the variations of the fiber and hexon genes, their importance in genotypes and serotypes differentiation, and infectivity between FAdV strains. It appears that the L1 loop of hexon and the knob of fiber genes are the infectivity markers for FAdV infection. The fiber-2 protein plays a major role in FAdV pathogenicity than the hexon protein, while the fiber-1 protein is important for viral replication and assembly, regardless of virulence capability instead of infectivity. The hexon protein plays a major role in virus infectivity and tissue tropism. These findings could further enhance the knowledge of FAdV strains’ classification and evolution, diagnosis, and strategies to prevent and control FAdV infection and outbreaks in chicken farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norfitriah Mohamed Sohaimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hair-Bejo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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A Single Amino Acid at Residue 188 of the Hexon Protein Is Responsible for the Pathogenicity of the Emerging Novel Virus Fowl Adenovirus 4. J Virol 2021; 95:e0060321. [PMID: 34133902 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00603-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, severe hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) associated with a novel fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4) has emerged in China, representing a new challenge for the poultry industry. Although various highly pathogenic FAdV-4 strains have been isolated, the virulence factor and the pathogenesis of novel FAdV-4 are unclear. In our previous studies, we reported that a large genomic deletion (1,966 bp) is not related to increased virulence. Here, two recombinant chimeric viruses, rHN20 strain and rFB2 strain, were generated from a highly pathogenic FAdV-4 strain by replacing the hexon or fiber-2 gene of a nonpathogenic FAdV-4, respectively. Both chimeric strains showed similar titers to the wild-type strain in vitro. Notably, rFB2 and the wild-type strain induced 100% mortality, while no mortality or clinical signs appeared in chickens inoculated with rHN20, indicating that hexon, but not fiber-2, determines the novel FAdV-4 virulence. Furthermore, an R188I mutation in the hexon protein identified residue 188 as the key amino acid for the reduced pathogenicity. The rR188I mutant strain was significantly neutralized by chicken serum in vitro and in vivo, whereas the wild-type strain was able to replicate efficiently. Finally, the immunogenicity of the rescued rR188I was investigated. Nonpathogenic rR188I provided full protection against lethal FAdV-4 challenge. Collectively, these findings provide an in-depth understanding of the molecular basis of novel FAdV-4 pathogenicity and present rR188I as a potential live attenuated vaccine candidate or a novel vaccine vector for HHS vaccines. IMPORTANCE HHS associated with a novel FAdV-4 infection in chickens has caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry in China since 2015. The molecular basis for the increased virulence remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the hexon gene is vital for FAdV-4 pathogenicity. Furthermore, we show that the amino acid residue at position 188 of the hexon protein is responsible for pathogenicity. Importantly, the rR188I mutant strain was neutralized by chicken serum in vitro and in vivo, whereas the wild-type strain was not. Further, the rR188I mutant strain provided complete protection against FAdV-4 challenge. Our results provide a molecular basis of the increased virulence of novel FAdV-4. We propose that the rR188I mutant is a potential live attenuated vaccine against HHS and a new vaccine vector for HHS-combined vaccines.
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