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Wang Z, Wu M, Liu Q, Wang X, Yan C, Song T. Multiclassification of Hepatic Cystic Echinococcosis by Using Multiple Kernel Learning Framework and Ultrasound Images. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2024; 50:1034-1044. [PMID: 38679514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
To properly treat and care for hepatic cystic echinococcosis (HCE), it is essential to make an accurate diagnosis before treatment. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of computer-aided diagnosis techniques in classifying HCE ultrasound images into five subtypes. METHODS A total of 1820 HCE ultrasound images collected from 967 patients were included in the study. A multi-kernel learning method was developed to learn the texture and depth features of the ultrasound images. Combined kernel functions were built-in Support Vector Machine (MK-SVM) for the classification work. The experimental results were evaluated using five-fold cross-validation. Finally, our approach was compared with three other machine learning algorithms: the decision tree classifier, random forest, and gradient boosting decision tree. RESULTS Among all the methods used in the study, the MK-SVM achieved the highest accuracy of 96.6% on the fused feature set. CONCLUSION The multi-kernel learning method effectively learns different image features from ultrasound images by utilizing various kernels. The MK-SVM method, which combines the learning of texture features and depth features separately, has significant application value in HCE classification tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengye Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Urumqi, China; Ultrasound Department, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Disease in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Miao Wu
- College of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Ultrasound Department, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Disease in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chuanbo Yan
- College of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Song
- Ultrasound Department, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Disease in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
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Nagasbekov M, Baimakhanov Z, Doskhanov M, Nurlanbayev E, Kaniyev S, Akhan O, Baimakhanov B, Fakhradiyev I. Cystic echinococcosis of the liver in Kazakhstan: The effectiveness of the PAIR method in comparison with laparoscopic and «open» surgical methods. Asian J Surg 2024:S1015-9584(24)01061-3. [PMID: 38825418 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.05.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the urgent problems of surgical parasitology in the Republic of Kazakhstan is liver cystic echinococcosis. The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness and safety of the percutaneous treatment with different techniques in comparison with the results of laparoscopic and "open" surgical methods. METHODS Retrospectively, we analyzed the outcome of 485 patients with active echinococcal cysts in the period from January 2017-July 2023. Indications for surgical treatment and the choice of the intervention method were based on this classification. Patients were conditionally divided into 3 groups: Laparoscopy-33, Laparotomy-319, PAIR-133. RESULTS The duration of the operation in the PAIR was significantly shorter compared to the Laparotomy and Laparoscopy groups (55.4vs.225.2 and 215.3, p = 0.0001). There was no intraoperative blood loss in PAIR, whereas in Laparotomy and Laparoscopy there were 146.0 and 111.0. The postoperative stay of patients in PAIR is significantly shorter than in Laparotomy and Laparoscopy (3.8 compared to 7.5 and 6.4, p = 0.0001). The follow-up time averaged 39.8 months ± 21. There were no statistically significant differences in relapses. Laparotomy and PAIR groups had 11 (3.5 %) and 6 (4.5 %) relapses, respectively. CONCLUSION In cystic echinococcosis of the liver types CE1, CE3a regardless of the localization, the optimal volume is a PAIR is characterized by a shorter postoperative stay of the patient, early recovery and cure. In the CE2, CE3b stages, laparoscopic pericystectomy is the most effective and safe in individual patients. In case of an intimate arrangement of cysts to tubular structures, the safest method is laparotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiyar Nagasbekov
- «Syzganov National Scientific Center of Surgery», Almaty, Kazakhstan; «S.D.Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University», Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Maxat Doskhanov
- «Syzganov National Scientific Center of Surgery», Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Erik Nurlanbayev
- «Syzganov National Scientific Center of Surgery», Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Shokan Kaniyev
- «Syzganov National Scientific Center of Surgery», Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Okan Akhan
- «Hacettepe University», Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bolatbek Baimakhanov
- «Syzganov National Scientific Center of Surgery», Almaty, Kazakhstan; «S.D.Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University», Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ildar Fakhradiyev
- «S.D.Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University», Almaty, Kazakhstan.
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Erganis S, Sarzhanov F, Al FD, Cağlar K. Comparison of Methods in the Serologic Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:1122-1131. [PMID: 38551763 PMCID: PMC11182860 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus. Clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and serologic findings should be evaluated together for the diagnosis of CE. The sensitivity and specificity oalf serologic tests may vary depending on the method used. In this study, we aimed to detect IgG antibodies specific to E. granulosus using indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect fluorescent antibodies (IFA) and western blot (WB) tests. METHODS In our study, the serum samples of 74 patients sent to our laboratory with suspicion of CE were studied using two different commercial IHA tests, ELISA, IFA and WB test. The test results were evaluated along with radiological findings and histopathological examinations, the latter being the gold standard. RESULTS Of all the patients, 51 (69%) were female and 23 (31%) were male. There was a statistically significant difference between males and females (χ2 = 9.7, p = 0.002). Out of 74 patients, positivity rates for Siemens IHA, Fumouze IHA, ELISA, IFA and WB test were positive as 33 (44.6%), 35 (47.3%), 43 (58.1%), 42 (56.7%) and 38 (51.3%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests were as follows: 66.67 and 2.31% for Siemens IHA; 70.83% and 96.15% for Fumouze IHA; 85.42%, and 88.46% for ELISA; 83.33% and 88.46% for IFA; 72.92% and 88.46% for WB test. CONCLUSION There were statistically significant differences in between all five methods (p < 0,001). While the tests with the highest specificity was Fumouze IHA, the test with the highest sensitivity was the ELISA test. It was concluded that IHA and ELISA tests were more practical in practice because of their greater applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidre Erganis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Türkiye.
| | - Fakhriddin Sarzhanov
- Division of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Türkiye
- Faculty of Medicine, Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, 161200, Turkestan, Kazakhstan
| | - Funda Doğruman Al
- Division of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Kayhan Cağlar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Türkiye
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Li C, zhang Y, Pang M, Zhang Y, Hu C, Fan H. Metabolic mechanism and pharmacological study of albendazole in secondary hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) model rats. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0144923. [PMID: 38501660 PMCID: PMC11064478 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01449-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Albendazole (ABZ) is the primary treatment for alveolar echinococcosis (AE); however, its limited solubility impacts oral bioavailability, affecting therapeutic outcomes. In this study, various ABZ-solubilizing formulations, including albendazole crystal dispersion system (ABZ-CSD), albendazole hydrochloride-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate composite (TABZ-HCl-H), and albendazole hydroxyethyl sulfonate-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate composite (TABZ-HES-H), were developed and evaluated. Physicochemical properties as well as liver enzyme activity were analyzed and their pharmacodynamics in an anti-secondary hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) rat model were investigated. The formulations demonstrated improved solubility, exhibiting enhanced inhibitory effects on microcysts in HAE model rats compared to albendazole tablets. However, altered hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in HAE model rats led to increased ABZ levels and reduced ABZ-SO production, potentially elevating drug toxicity. These findings emphasize the importance of dose adjustments in patient administration, considering the impact of alveolar echinococcosis on rat hepatic drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Registry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yaogang zhang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Mingquan Pang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Chunhui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Haining Fan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- The Research Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
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Chen Y, Hua R, Shao G, Zhu X, Hou W, Li S, Yang A, Yang G. Effects of annexin B18 from Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato on mouse macrophages. Exp Parasitol 2024; 260:108723. [PMID: 38432406 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s. l.), which posed significant public health concern globally. E. granulosus s. l. annexin B18 (EgANXB18) acts as a secretory protein, exerting a crucial influence in mediating host-parasite interactions. Recombinant annexin B18 (rEgANXB18) was expressed by Escherichia coli and the immunoreactivity was assessed by western blotting. The binding affinity between rEgANXB18 and total protein of RAW264.7 cells was assessed by ELISA. The impact of rEgANXB18 on the metabolic activity of RAW264.7 cells was assayed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The mRNA levels of polarization markers (inducible nitrous oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase 1 (Arg1)) and key cellular factors (IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10 and TNFα) were evaluated by qRT-PCR. rEgANXB18 was successfully expressed and recognized by E. granulosus s.l. infected canine sera, as well as could bind to the total protein of RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, rEgANXB18 could promote metabolic activity at 5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/mL while no significant impact on metabolic activity was observed at 80 μg/mL. Co-culture RAW264.7 cells with rEgANXB18 resulted in significantly upregulation of the transcript levels of polarization markers iNOS and Arg1. Moreover, rEgANXB18 significantly upregulated the transcript levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IL-10, while dose-effect relationship was observed in IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. Our results indicated that EgANXB18 showed the potential to regulate immune response of macrophages by shifting the cell polarization and cytokine profile, thereby promoting the parasitism of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Ruiqi Hua
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Wei Hou
- Sichuan Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Shengqiong Li
- Sichuan Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Sichuan Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan Province, PR China.
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, PR China.
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Santucciu C, Peruzzu A, Fara AM, Cossu A, Kronenberg PA, Deplazes P, Masala G. Immunohistochemistry as a Reliable Tool for the Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis in Patients from Sardinia, Italy-A Confirmatory Study. Diseases 2024; 12:84. [PMID: 38785739 PMCID: PMC11119186 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12050084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.). This study aims to investigate the use of two monoclonal antibodies (mAbEmG3 and mAbEm2G11) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to confirm the diagnosis of CE in human patients, in particular in those cases in which other techniques fail to provide a correct or conclusive diagnosis. For this purpose, a survey on 13 patients was performed. These subjects were referred to Sardinian hospitals (Italy) from 2017 to 2022 and were suspected to be affected by CE. Our findings from these 13 patients showed the detection of E. granulosus sensu stricto by IHC in 12 of 13 echinococcal cysts, as one sample was of a non-parasitological origin. The results confirmed that IHC, by means of the mAbEmG3 and mAbEm2G11, is a reliable diagnostic tool that showed a very high performances when tested on strain of E. granulosus s.l. from Sardinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Santucciu
- WOAH and National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Angela Peruzzu
- WOAH and National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Antonella Maria Fara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pathology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Cossu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pathology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Philipp A. Kronenberg
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse and Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.A.K.); (P.D.)
- Medical Micro- and Molecular Biology, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Peter Deplazes
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse and Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.A.K.); (P.D.)
- Clinics of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Masala
- WOAH and National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.P.); (G.M.)
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Zhu Y, Li M, Li Z, Song J, Zhao W. Study on the mechanism of miRNAs on liver injury in the condition of Protoscocephalus alveolarus transhepatic portal vein infection. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1236. [PMID: 38652009 PMCID: PMC11037255 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of miRNA in liver damage caused by Echinococcus multilocularis infection. METHODS Six female C57BL mice were randomly divided into two groups, the control group and the infection group. Mice in the control group were injected with 100 μL PBS through the hepatic portal vein, and mice in the infection group were infected with E. multilocularis via the hepatic portal vein to establish a mouse model of infection. Small RNA sequencing was performed for detecting the expression of miRNAs in the liver of mice infected with 2000 E. multilocularis after 3 months of infection, screen out miRNAs related to liver damage, and verify by RT-PCR. RESULTS Seventy-one differentially expressed miRNAs were found in the liver in comparison with control, and a total of 36 mouse miRNAs with |FC| >0.585 were screened out, respectively. In addition, Targetscan (V5.0) and miRanda (v3.3a) software were used to predict differential miRNAs target genes and functional enrichment of target genes. Functional annotation showed that "cytokine-cytokine interaction," "positive regulation of cytokine production," "inflammatory response," and "leukocyte activation" were enriched in the liver of E. multilocularis-infected mice. Moreover, the pathways "human cytomegalovirus infection," "cysteine and methionine metabolism," "Notch signaling pathway," and "ferroptosis" were involved in liver disease. Furthermore, four miRNAs (mmu-miR-30e-3p, mmu-miR-203-3p, mmu-miR-125b-5p, and mmu-miR-30c-2-3p) related to liver injury were screened and verified. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the expression profiling of miRNAs in the livers was changed after E. multilocularis infection, and improved our understanding of the transcriptomic landscape of hepatic echinococcosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic MedicineNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious DiseasesYinchuanChina
| | - Ming Li
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Zihua Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious DiseasesYinchuanChina
- Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Jiahui Song
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious DiseasesYinchuanChina
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic MedicineNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious DiseasesYinchuanChina
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Hosseinzade S, Nourani H, Kazemi Mehrjerdi H, Lotfalizadeh N, Borji H. The effect of hydatid cyst protoscolex somatic antigens on full-thickness skin wound healing in mouse. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13685. [PMID: 38558086 PMCID: PMC10982679 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wound healing has evolved in recent years, resulting in diverse therapeutic options. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of the somatic antigen of the hydatid cyst protoscolex on wound healing in mice with full-thickness skin wounds. METHODS Fifty-four adult mice, weighing 25 ± 5 g and approximately 60 days old, were divided into three groups (A, B, and C), each further divided into three subgroups. Subgroups A1, A2, and A3 were assigned negative controls. B1, B2, and B3 received hydatid cyst somatic antigen tests at 10 µg/SC, whereas C1, C2, and C3 received somatic antigen tests at 20 µg/SC. Under general anesthesia, a wound biopsy puncture of 9.8 mm in diameter was performed on the mice's back and spine. In the experimental group, antigen and alum adjuvant were administered subcutaneously around the wound, while the control group received Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS). Using digital images, a geometric assessment was conducted on days 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 post-wounding. The obtained images were analyzed by Image J software and after analyzing the data by SPSS software. RESULTS A significant difference in terms of epithelization was observed in the antigen treatment group with a dose of 20 µg on days 3 and 6 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the 20 µg antigen group was significantly higher than the 10 µg antigen group in terms of this factor on day 3 (P < 0.05). Skin samples were taken from all wounds on days 3, 10 and 21 for microscopic evaluation. Regarding epithelization, on day 10, a significant difference was observed in the treatment group with a concentration of 10 µg with the control group and the treatment group with a concentration of 20 µg (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that somatic antigens of protoscolex hydatid cyst are dose-dependent and antigens with a dose of 20 µg by subcutaneous injection accelerate wound healing and epithelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajede Hosseinzade
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Hossein Nourani
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Hossein Kazemi Mehrjerdi
- Department of Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Narges Lotfalizadeh
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Hassan Borji
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
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Pu G, Li Y, Liu T, Li H, Wang L, Chen G, Cao S, Yin H, Amuda TO, Guo X, Luo X. mmu-miR-374b-5p modulated inflammatory factors via downregulation of C/EBP β/NF-κB signaling in Kupffer cells during Echinococcus multilocularis infection. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:163. [PMID: 38553755 PMCID: PMC10981327 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is an important infectious disease caused by the metacestode larvae of Echinococcus multilocularis, seriously threatening global public health security. Kupffer cells (KCs) play important roles in liver inflammatory response. However, their role in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis has not yet been fully elucidated. METHODS In this study, qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of miR-374b-5p in KCs. The target gene of miR-374b-5p was identified through luciferase reporter assays and loss of function and gains. Critical genes involved in NFκB signaling pathway were analyzed by qRT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS This study reported that miR-374b-5p was significantly upregulated in KCs during E. multilocularis infection and further showed that miR-374b-5p was able to bind to the 3'-UTR of the C/EBP β gene and suppressed its expression. The expression levels of NF-κBp65, p-NF-κBp65 and pro-inflammatory factors including iNOS, TNFα and IL6 were attenuated after overexpression of miR-374b-5p while enhanced after suppression of miR-374b-5p. However, the Arg1 expression level was promoted after overexpression of miR-374b-5p while suppressed after downregulation of miR-374b-5p. Additionally, increased protein levels of NF-κBp65 and p-NF-κBp65 were found in the C/EBP β-overexpressed KCs. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that miR-374b-5p probably regulated the expression of inflammatory factors via C/EBP β/NF-κB signaling. This finding is helpful to explore the mechanism of inflammation regulation during E. multilocularis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiting Pu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanling Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tharheer Oluwashola Amuda
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaola Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuenong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Mattwich C, Huber K, Bretzel G, Suerbaum S, Wieser A, Dichtl K. Head-to-Head Comparison of Nine Assays for the Detection of Anti- Echinococcus Antibodies: A Retrospective Evaluation. Ann Lab Med 2024; 44:155-163. [PMID: 37880992 PMCID: PMC10628756 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2023.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Echinococcosis is a neglected tropical disease that is severely underdiagnosed in resource-limited settings. In developed countries, diagnosing echinococcosis is challenging, and reliable serological assays are urgently needed. In the Central European Alps, EM is more common than EG; however, data on the diagnostic performance of assays for EM cases are scarce. We evaluated the suitability of nine antibody assays for routine diagnostics. Methods Nine commercially available serological assays for detecting anti-Echinococcus antibodies were compared head-to-head using samples collected from 50 patients with echinococcosis and 50 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The assays are Anti-Echinococcus ELISA (IgG) (Euroimmun), Echinococcus IgG ELISA (DRG), Echinococcus IgG ELISA (IBL International), Echinococcus Western Blot IgG (LDBIO Diagnostics), EUROLINE WB (Euroimmun), Hydatidosis ELISA IgG (VirCell), Hydatidosis VIRCLIA IgG Monotest (VirCell), Ridascreen Echinococcus IgG (R-Biopharm), and Virapid Hydatidosis (VirCell). The cases were ranked according to the WHO-Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis (WHO-IWGE) criteria as confirmed, probable, or possible. Results The performance of the assays varied greatly, with overall sensitivities ranging between 50% and 88% and specificities between 62% and 100%. We observed a trend toward better performance with cases classified as "confirmed" using the WHO-IWGE criteria. Combined analysis with sequential screening and confirmatory testing resulted in a maximum sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 100%. Differentiation between EG and EM infections is clinically relevant but was found to be unreliable. Conclusions Echinococcus serological assays are highly variable in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Knowledge of the pre-test probability in the patient cohort is required to choose a suitable assay. A combined approach with screening and confirmatory assays may be the best diagnostic strategy in many situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mattwich
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Huber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gisela Bretzel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Suerbaum
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl Dichtl
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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11
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Fu C, Yang C, Ni C, Wang L, Hou J. Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid inhibits the type I interferon response by promoting ROS in macrophages. Acta Trop 2024; 250:107101. [PMID: 38101763 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In cystic echinococcosis (CE), Echinococcus granulosus cystic fluid (EgCF) could impede macrophage-mediated immunity. However, whether EgCF is implicated in the type I interferon response remains to be established. Here, we revealed that EgCF reduced 2'3'-cGAMP-induced IFN-β production in macrophages by inhibiting the cGAS-STING-IRF3 signaling. EgCF also increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Administration of the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) restored the cGAS-STING-IRF3 signaling, which, in turn, upregulated IFN-β expression. The findings disclose that EgCF could increase macrophage ROS levels, thereby blocking cGAS-STING-IRF3 signaling and repressing the IFN-I response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chun Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Caiya Ni
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lianghai Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jun Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
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12
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Albani CM, Fuentes G, Ramírez CL, Pensel PE, Gatti F, Albanese A, Nutter D, Aguirre ME, Di Iorio YD, Elissondo MC. Anthelmintic Effect of Cannabidiol against Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:35. [PMID: 38393124 PMCID: PMC10892078 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a global parasitic zoonosis caused by infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Cystic echinococcosis affects more than 1 million people worldwide, causing important economic costs in terms of management and livestock associated losses. Albendazole is the main drug used in treating human cystic echinococcosis. In spite of this, its low aqueous solubility, poor absorption, and consequently erratic bioavailability are the cause of its chemotherapeutic failures. Based on the described problem, new treatment alternatives urgently need to be developed. The aim of the present research was to study the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of cannabidiol (CBD), the second most abundant component of the Cannabis sativa plant, was demonstrated against E. granulosus sensu stricto. CBD (50 µg/mL) caused a decrease in protoscoleces viability of 80 % after 24 h of treatment which was consistent with the observed tegumental alterations. Detachment of the germinal layer was observed in 50 ± 10% of cysts treated with 50 µg/mL of CBD during 24 h. In the clinical efficacy study, all treatments reduced the weight of cysts recovered from mice compared with the control group. However, this reduction was only significant with ABZ suspension and the CBD + ABZ combination. As we could observe by the SEM study, the co-administration of CBD with ABZ suspension caused greater ultrastructural alteration of the germinal layer in comparison with that provoked with the monotherapy. Further in vivo research will be conducted by changing the dose and frequency of CBD and CBD + ABZ treatments and new available CBD delivery systems will also be assayed to improve bioavailability in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara María Albani
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales–UNMdP, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata—CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (G.F.); (P.E.P.); (F.G.); (A.A.)
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Giselle Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales–UNMdP, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata—CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (G.F.); (P.E.P.); (F.G.); (A.A.)
- Centro de Investigaciones en Abejas Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Cristina Lujan Ramírez
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (C.L.R.); (M.E.A.); (Y.D.D.I.)
| | - Patricia Eugenia Pensel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales–UNMdP, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata—CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (G.F.); (P.E.P.); (F.G.); (A.A.)
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Florencia Gatti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales–UNMdP, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata—CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (G.F.); (P.E.P.); (F.G.); (A.A.)
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Adriana Albanese
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales–UNMdP, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata—CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (G.F.); (P.E.P.); (F.G.); (A.A.)
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Diego Nutter
- Asociación Civil CBG2000, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina;
| | - Matías Ezequiel Aguirre
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (C.L.R.); (M.E.A.); (Y.D.D.I.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Yésica Dolores Di Iorio
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (C.L.R.); (M.E.A.); (Y.D.D.I.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - María Celina Elissondo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales–UNMdP, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata—CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (G.F.); (P.E.P.); (F.G.); (A.A.)
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
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13
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Zhu J, Zhou T, Menggen M, Aimulajiang K, Wen H. Ghrelin regulating liver activity and its potential effects on liver fibrosis and Echinococcosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1324134. [PMID: 38259969 PMCID: PMC10800934 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1324134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin widely exists in the central nervous system and peripheral organs, and has biological activities such as maintaining energy homeostasis, regulating lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, immune response, gastrointestinal physiological activities, cognition, memory, circadian rhythm and reward effects. In many benign liver diseases, it may play a hepatoprotective role against steatosis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis, and improve liver cell autophagy and immune response to improve disease progression. However, the role of Ghrelin in liver Echinococcosis is currently unclear. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms by which Ghrelin regulates liver growth metabolism, immune-inflammation, fibrogenesis, proliferation and apoptosis, as well as its protective effects in liver fibrosis diseases, and further proposes the role of Ghrelin in liver Echinococcosis infection. During the infectious process, it may promote the parasitism and survival of parasites on the host by improving the immune-inflammatory microenvironment and fibrosis state, thereby accelerating disease progression. However, there is currently a lack of targeted in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence for this viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tanfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meng Menggen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kalibixiati Aimulajiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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14
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Yang J, Zhao Y, Fu Y, Lv Y, Zhu Y, Zhu M, Zhao J, Wang Y, Wu C, Zhao W. Recombinant antigen P29 of Echinococcus granulosus induces Th1, Tc1, and Th17 cell immune responses in sheep. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243204. [PMID: 38187382 PMCID: PMC10768560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a common human and animal parasitic disease that seriously endangers human health and animal husbandry. Although studies have been conducted on vaccines for echinococcosis, to date, there is no human vaccine available for use. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of in-depth research on basic immunization with vaccines. Our previous results confirmed that recombinant antigen P29 (rEg.P29) induced more than 90% immune protection in both mice and sheep, but data on its induction of sheep-associated cellular immune responses are lacking. In this study, we investigated the changes in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and antigen-specific cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17A after rEg.P29 immunization using enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and flow cytometry to investigate the cellular immune response induced by rEg.P29 in sheep. It was found that rEg.P29 immunization did not affect the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and was able to stimulate the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after immunization in vitro. Importantly, the results of both ELISPOT and ELISA showed that rEg.P29 can induce the production of the specific cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17A, and flow cytometry verified that rEg.P29 can induce the expression of IFN-γ in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and IL-17A in CD4+ T cells; however, no IL-4 expression was observed. These results indicate that rEg.P29 can induce Th1, Th17, and Tc1 cellular immune responses in sheep against echinococcosis infection, providing theoretical support for the translation of rEg.P29 vaccine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Yang
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yinqi Zhao
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yongxue Lv
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yazhou Zhu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhao
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yana Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Changyou Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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15
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Zhang T, Lv Y, Zhao Y, Yang J, Qian B, Zhu Y, Zhao W, Zhu M. Changes in intestinal flora of mice induced by rEg.P29 epitope peptide vaccines. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1082. [PMID: 38018604 PMCID: PMC10664826 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus, remains a public health and socioeconomic issue worldwide, making its prevention and treatment of vital importance. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the intestinal microbiota of mice immunized with three peptide vaccines based on the recombinant antigen of E. granulosus, P29 (rEg.P29), with the hope of providing more valuable information for the development of vaccines against CE. METHODS Three peptide vaccines, rEg.P29T , rEg.P29B , and rEg.P29T + B , were prepared based on rEg.P29, and a subcutaneous immunization model was established. The intestinal floras of mice in the different immunization groups were analyzed by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS The intestinal microbiota analysis at both immunization time points revealed that Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Verrucomicrobiota were the predominant flora at the phylum level, while at the genus level, Akkermansia, unclassified_Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and uncultured_rumen bacterium were the dominant genera. Some probiotics in the intestines of mice were significantly increased after immunization with the peptide vaccines, such as Lactobacillus_taiwanensis, Lactobacillus_reuteri, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Bacteroides_acidifaciens, and so forth. Meanwhile, some harmful or conditionally pathogenic bacteria were decreased, such as Turicibacter sanguinis, Desulfovibrio_fairfieldensis, Clostridium_sp, and so forth, most of which are associated with inflammatory or infectious diseases. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that the differential flora were enriched in multiple metabolic pathways, primarily biological systems, human diseases, metabolism, cellular processes, and environmental information processing. CONCLUSION In this study, we comprehensively analyzed and compared changes in the intestinal microbiota of mice immunized with three peptide vaccines as well as their related metabolic pathways, providing a theoretical background for the development of novel vaccines against E. granulosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- School of Clinical MedicineNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
| | - Yongxue Lv
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Yinqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- Science and Technology Center of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Jihui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- Science and Technology Center of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Bingshuo Qian
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Yazhou Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- Science and Technology Center of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
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He X, Shao G, Du X, Hua R, Song H, Chen Y, Zhu X, Yang G. Molecular characterization and functional implications on mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells of annexin proteins from Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:350. [PMID: 37803469 PMCID: PMC10559496 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a life-threatening zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, which employs various strategies to evade the host immune system for survival. Recent advances have revealed the role of annexins as excretory/secretory products, providing new insights into the immune regulation by these proteins in the pathogenesis of CE. METHODS Echinococcus granulosus annexin B proteins EgANXB2, EgANXB18, EgANXB20, and EgANXB23 were cloned, expressed, and analyzed using bioinformatic tools. Membrane binding analysis was used to assess their bioactivity, while their immunoreactivity and tissue distribution characteristics were determined experimentally using western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Furthermore, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the mRNA expression profiles of EgANXBs in different developmental stages of E. granulosus. Finally, immunofluorescence staining, cell counting kit 8 assays, flow cytometry, transwell migration assays, and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the functional effects of rEgANXB18 and rEgANXB20 on mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS In this study, we identified four EgANXBs with conserved protein structures and calcium-dependent phospholipid binding activities. rEgANXBs were recognized by serum from sheep infected with E. granulosus and distributed in the germinal layer of fertile cysts. Interestingly, transcription levels of the four EgANXBs were significantly higher in protoscoleces than in 28-day strobilated worms. Moreover, we demonstrated that rEgANXB18 and rEgANXB20 were secretory proteins that could bind to PBMCs and regulate their function. Specifically, rEgANXB18 inhibited cell proliferation and migration while promoting cell apoptosis, NO production, and cytokine profile shifting. In contrast, rEgANXB20 showed limited effects on apoptosis but inhibited NO production. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that among the four identified EgANXBs, EgANXB2 and EgANXB23 might play a pivotal role for the development of protoscoleces, while EgANXB18 and EgANXB20, as secretory proteins, appeared to participate in the host-parasite interaction by regulating the function of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodi Du
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Hua
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Song
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Ahmadpour E, Spotin A, Moghimi A, Shahrivar F, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Hajizadeh F, Mehrani S, Mazhab-Jafari K. Tumor suppressor p73 induces apoptosis of murine peritoneal cell after exposure to hydatid cyst antigens; a possibly survival mechanism of cystic echinococcosis in vivo mice model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292434. [PMID: 37796859 PMCID: PMC10553360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a life-threatening helminthic disease caused by the Echinococcus granulosus sensulato complex. Previous evidence indicates that the host's innate immune responses against CE can combat and regulate the growth rate and mortality of hydatid cyst in the host's internal organs. However, the survival mechanisms of CE are not yet fully elucidated in the human body. In the present study, the apoptotic effects of fertile and infertile hydatid fluid (HF) were tested on murine peritoneal cells in vivo mice model. Mice were divided into five groups including; control group, fertile HF-treated peritoneal cells, infertile HF-treated peritoneal cells, protoscolices (PSCs)-treated peritoneal cells and HF+PSCs-treated peritoneal cells group. Mice groups were intraperitoneally inoculated with PBS, HF, and/or PSCs. Afterwards, peritoneal cells were isolated and mRNA expression of STAT3, caspase-3, p73 and Smac genes were evaluated by quantitative Real-time PCR. After 48 hours of exposure, the protein levels of Smac and STAT3 was determined by western blotting technique. After 6 hours of exposure, Caspase-3 activity was also measured by fluorometric assay. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was examined in all groups. The mRNA expression levels of p73, caspase-3 and also Caspase-3 activity in HF+PSCs-treated peritoneal cells were higher than in the test and control groups (Pv<0.05), while the mRNA expression level of anti-apoptotic STAT3 and Smac genes in HF+PSC-treated peritoneal cells were lower than in the other groups (Pv<0.05). As well, the level of intracellular ROS in the fertile HCF-treated peritoneal cells, infertile HCF-treated peritoneal cells, PSC-treated peritoneal cells and HF+PSC-treated peritoneal cells groups were significantly higher than in the control group (Pv<0.05).Current findings indicates that oxidative stress and p73 can trigger the apoptosis of murine peritoneal cells through modulator of HF-treated PSCs that is likely one of the hydatid cyst survival mechanisms in vivo mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ahmadpour
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adel Spotin
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Moghimi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Firooz Shahrivar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Farnaz Hajizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sirous Mehrani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Komeil Mazhab-Jafari
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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18
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Shao G, Hua R, Song H, Chen Y, Zhu X, Hou W, Li S, Yang A, Yang G. Protective efficacy of six recombinant proteins as vaccine candidates against Echinococcus granulosus in dogs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011709. [PMID: 37871121 PMCID: PMC10621941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the infection of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l.), one of the most harmful zoonotic helminths worldwide. Infected dogs are the major source of CE transmission. While praziquantel-based deworming is a main measure employed to control dog infections, its efficacy is at times compromised by the persistent high rate of dog re-infection and the copious discharge of E. granulosus eggs into the environment. Therefore, the dog vaccine is a welcome development, as it offers a substantial reduction in the biomass of E. granulosus. This study aimed to use previous insights into E. granulosus functional genes to further assess the protective efficacy of six recombinant proteins in dogs using a two-time injection vaccination strategy. METHODS We expressed and combined recombinant E. granulosus triosephosphate isomerase (rEgTIM) with annexin B3 (rEgANXB3), adenylate kinase 1 (rEgADK1) with Echinococcus protoscolex calcium binding protein 1 (rEgEPC1), and fatty acid-binding protein (rEgFABP) with paramyosin (rEgA31). Beagle dogs received two subcutaneous vaccinations mixed with Quil-A adjuvant, and subsequently orally challenged with protoscoleces two weeks after booster vaccination. All dogs were sacrificed for counting and measuring E. granulosus tapeworms at 28 days post-infection, and the level of serum IgG was detected by ELISA. RESULTS Dogs vaccinated with rEgTIM&rEgANXB3, rEgADK1&rEgEPC1, and rEgFABP-EgA31 protein groups exhibited significant protectiveness, with a worm reduction rate of 71%, 57%, and 67%, respectively, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the vaccinated groups exhibited an inhibition of worm growth, as evidenced by a reduction in body length and width (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the level of IgG in the vaccinated dogs was significantly higher than that of the control dogs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These verified candidates may be promising vaccines for the prevention of E. granulosus infection in dogs following two injections. The rEgTIM&rEgANXB3 co-administrated vaccine underscored the potential for the highest protective efficacy and superior protection stability for controlling E. granulosus infections in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Shao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqi Hua
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Song
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yanxin Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hou
- Sichuan Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Shengqiong Li
- Sichuan Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Sichuan Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
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19
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Zhou J, Du X, Abulajiang X, Geli W, Pu X, Tailaiti S, Lin J, Li Y, Ye J. The role of memory T cells in Echinococcus granulosus-induced sensitization. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e948. [PMID: 37647444 PMCID: PMC10412956 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in memory T cells and the related factors in mice by the establishment of a BALB/c mouse model of Echinococcus granulosus-induced sensitization. METHODS A sensitized BALB/c mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of E. granulosus. A control group (CTRL), a nonsensitized group infected with E. granulosus (CE), and a sensitized group infected with E. granulosus (ANPC) were set up. The pathological changes in lung tissue in mice, the change in memory T cells (CD4 Tm), and the change in peripheral blood nucleated interleukin-23 (IL-23) were detected using HE staining, flow cytometry, and liquid-phase multiple protein quantification techniques, respectively. RESULTS The individual percentage of mouse memory T cells was 9.14 ± 0.45, 25.23 ± 0.17, and 13.29 ± 0.32 in the CTRL, CE, and ANPC groups, respectively. The percentage of memory T cells in the ANPC group was higher than that in the CTRL group (t = 18.410, p < .001) but lower than that in the CE group (t = -80.147, p < .001). The levels of IL-23 in peripheral blood of mice in the CTRL, CE, and ANPC groups were 225.76 ± 27.16, 359.21 ± 28.67, and 215.69 ± 22.69, respectively. The level of IL-23 in peripheral blood of mice in the ANPC group was lower than that in the CE group (t = 9.609, p < .001), and there was no statistical difference with the CTRL group (t = 0.697, p = .502). CONCLUSION In the BALB/c mouse model of E. granulosus-induced sensitization, the expression of IL-23 in peripheral blood increased, and the memory T cell proliferated and became activated; there was a decrease in the content of IL-23 in peripheral blood and number of activated memory T cells in the sensitization group infected with E. granulosus. The E. granulosus-induced allergic reaction was related to IL-23 and the activation of memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Ru Zhou
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
- Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Xiao‐Xuan Du
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Xianyidan Abulajiang
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
- Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Wuer Geli
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
- Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Xue‐Li Pu
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
- Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Subi Tailaiti
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
- Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Jia‐Ying Lin
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
- Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Yu‐Qian Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Jian‐Rong Ye
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
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Almousa M, Alhadla A, Aljomaa M, Abdalrazzak T. Hydropneumothorax caused by complete rupture of a pulmonary hydatid cyst: A rare case report. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7756. [PMID: 37529137 PMCID: PMC10387587 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydatid disease is a zoonotic disease endemic in developing regions. It is usually caused by infection with the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus due to contaminated food or drinks or by close contact with dogs. The lungs are the second most affected organ (25%) after the liver (>65%). Cyst rupture is the most frequent complication. Enlarging pulmonary cysts are more vulnerable to rupture, with rupturing in the bronchial tree being the most common (20%-40%). Hydropneumothorax is a consequence of complete cyst rupture into the pleural cavity and occurs in rare cases (2%-4%). Superinfection is a common complication of the ruptured cyst, which might lead to empyema. A 26-year-old male presented to our clinic with dyspnea that had progressed recently and made him unable to walk a few meters. He had a history of cough and exertional dyspnea and was examined by three different clinics without performing a chest X-Ray. Physical examination revealed fever and a sick appearance. Chest X-ray revealed complete pneumothorax with an air-fluid level in the left hemithorax. Computerized tomography demonstrated two cysts, and one of them was ruptured, causing hydropneumothorax and empyema. The patient was treated with surgery, and follow-up showed recovery with a fully re-expanded lung. Rupture of pulmonary hydatid cyst is seen in the most of cases, the clinicians must be aware of such presentation and management of the pulmonary hydatid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammad Aljomaa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aleppo university hospital University of Aleppo Aleppo Syria
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21
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Kaethner M, Preza M, Kaempfer T, Zumstein P, Tamponi C, Varcasia A, Hemphill A, Brehm K, Lundström-Stadelmann B. Establishment and application of unbiased in vitro drug screening assays for the identification of compounds against Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011343. [PMID: 37540716 PMCID: PMC10431624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinococcus multilocularis and E. granulosus s.l. are the causative agents of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis, respectively. Drug treatment options for these severe and neglected diseases are limited to benzimidazoles, which are not always efficacious, and adverse side effects are reported. Thus, novel and improved treatments are needed. In this study, the previously established platform for E. multilocularis in vitro drug assessment was adapted to E. granulosus s.s. In a first step, in vitro culture protocols for E. granulosus s.s. were established. This resulted in the generation of large amounts of E. granulosus s.s. metacestode vesicles as well as germinal layer (GL) cells. In vitro culture of these cells formed metacestode vesicles displaying structural characteristics of metacestode cysts generated in vivo. Next, drug susceptibilities of E. multilocularis and E. granulosus s.s. protoscoleces, metacestode vesicles and GL cells were comparatively assessed employing established assays including (i) metacestode vesicle damage marker release assay, (ii) metacestode vesicle viability assay, (iii) GL cell viability assay, and (iv) protoscolex motility assay. The standard drugs albendazole, buparvaquone, mefloquine, MMV665807, monepantel, niclosamide and nitazoxanide were included. MMV665807, niclosamide and nitazoxanide were active against the parasite in all four assays against both species. MMV665807 and monepantel were significantly more active against E. multilocularis metacestode vesicles, while albendazole and nitazoxanide were significantly more active against E. multilocularis GL cells. Albendazole displayed activity against E. multilocularis GL cells, but no effects were seen in albendazole-treated E. granulosus s.s. GL cells within five days. Treatment of protoscoleces with albendazole and monepantel had no impact on motility. Similar results were observed for both species with praziquantel and its enantiomers against protoscoleces. In conclusion, in vitro culture techniques and drug screening methods previously established for E. multilocularis were successfully implemented for E. granulosus s.s., allowing comparisons of drug efficacy between the two species. This study provides in vitro culture techniques for the reliable generation of E. granulosus s.s. metacestode vesicles and GL cell cultures and describes the validation of standardized in vitro drug screening methods for E. granulosus s.s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Kaethner
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matías Preza
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kaempfer
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Zumstein
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Tamponi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Brehm
- Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Britta Lundström-Stadelmann
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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22
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Luo G, Ma B, Jiang Y, Lv H. Propofol Induces the Expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in Echinococcus granulosus via the JNK and p38 Pathway In Vitro. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:306. [PMID: 37368724 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8060306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Nrf2 signaling pathways in Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus). E. granulosus protoscoleces (PSCs) cultured in vitro were divided into different groups: a control group, PSCs were pretreated with various concentrations of propofol followed by exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and PSCs were pretreated with MAPK inhibitors, then co-treated with propofol and incubated in the presence of H2O2. PSCs activity was observed under an inverted microscope and survival rate was calculated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by fluorescence microscopy, western blotting was used to detect the expression of Nrf2, Bcl-2, and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the PSCs among different groups. Pretreatment of PSCs with 0-1 mM propofol for 8 h prevented PSCs death after exposure to 0.5 mM H2O2. PSCs were pretreated with PD98059, SB202190, or SP600125 for 2 h, co-treated with propofol for an additional 8 h, and then exposed to 0.5 mM H2O2 for 6 h. On day 6, the PSCs viability was 42% and 39% in the p38 and JNK inhibitor groups, respectively. Additionally, pretreatment with propofol significantly attenuated the generation of ROS following H2O2 treatment. Propofol increased the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and BCL2 compared with that of the control group. Pretreatment PSCs with SP600125 or SB202190, co-incubation with propofol and H2O2, can reduce the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and BCL2 (p < 0.05). These results suggest that propofol induces an upregulated expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 by activation of the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. This study highlights the cross role of metabolic regulation of ROS signaling and targeting signalling pathways that may provide a promising strategy for the treatment of E. granulosus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Luo
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
- Section for Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Jinxiang People's Hospital, Jining 272200, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Hailong Lv
- Section for Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
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23
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Müller J, Preza M, Kaethner M, Rufener R, Braga S, Uldry AC, Heller M, Lundström-Stadelmann B. Targeted and non-targeted proteomics to characterize the parasite proteins of Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1170763. [PMID: 37325510 PMCID: PMC10266102 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1170763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis. To investigate the biology of these stages and to test novel compounds, metacestode cultures represent a suitable in vitro model system. These metacestodes are vesicles surrounded by an envelope formed by the vesicle tissue (VT), which is formed by the laminated and germinal layer, and filled with vesicle fluid (VF). We analyzed the proteome of VF and VT by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and identified a total of 2,954 parasite proteins. The most abundant protein in VT was the expressed conserved protein encoded by EmuJ_000412500, followed by the antigen B subunit AgB8/3a encoded by EmuJ_000381500 and Endophilin B1 (protein p29). In VF, the pattern was different and dominated by AgB subunits. The most abundant protein was the AgB8/3a subunit followed by three other AgB subunits. In total, the AgB subunits detected in VF represented 62.1% of the parasite proteins. In culture media (CM), 63 E. multilocularis proteins were detected, of which AgB subunits made up 93.7% of the detected parasite proteins. All AgB subunits detected in VF (encoded by EmuJ_000381100-700, corresponding to AgB8/2, AgB8/1, AgB8/4, AgB8/3a, AgB8/3b, and AgB8/3c) were also found in CM, except the subunit encoded by EmuJ_000381800 (AgB8/5) that was very rare in VF and not detected in CM. The relative abundance of the AgB subunits in VF and CM followed the same pattern. In VT, only the subunits EmuJ_000381500 (AgB8/3a) and EmuJ_000381200 (AgB8/1) were detected among the 20 most abundant proteins. To see whether this pattern was specific to VF from in vitro cultured metacestodes, we analyzed the proteome of VF from metacestodes grown in a mouse model. Here, the AgB subunits encoded by EmuJ_000381100-700 constituted the most abundant proteins, namely, 81.9% of total protein, with the same order of abundance as in vitro. Immunofluorescence on metacestodes showed that AgB is co-localized to calcareous corpuscles of E. multilocularis. Using targeted proteomics with HA-tagged EmuJ_000381200 (AgB8/1) and EmuJ_000381100 (AgB8/2), we could show that uptake of AgB subunits from CM into VF occurs within hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Müller
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matías Preza
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Kaethner
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reto Rufener
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Braga
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Christine Uldry
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Heller
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Britta Lundström-Stadelmann
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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24
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Lv Y, Chang L, Yang J, Wen J, Zhao Y, Zhu M, Wu C, Zhao W. Immunogenicity of peptide-based vaccine composed of epitopes from Echinococcus granulosus rEg.P29. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22819. [PMID: 36848174 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201636r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus is one of the main causes of economic loss in the livestock industry because of its food-borne transmission. Cutting off the transmission route is a valid prevention method, and vaccines are the most effective means of controlling and eliminating infectious diseases. However, no human-related vaccine has been yet marketed. As a genetic engineering vaccine, recombinant protein P29 of E. granulosus (rEg.P29) could provide protection against deadly challenges. In this study, we generated peptide vaccines (rEg.P29T , rEg.P29B , and rEg.P29T+B ) based on rEg.P29 and an immunized model was established by subcutaneous immunization. Further evaluation showed that peptide vaccine immunization in mice induced T helper type 1 (Th1)-mediated cellular immune responses, leading to high levels of rEg.P29 or rEg.P29B -specific antibodies. In addition, rEg.P29T+B immunization can induce a higher antibody and cytokine production level than single-epitope vaccines, and immune memory is also longer. Collectively, these results suggest that rEg.P29T+B has the potential to be developed as an efficient subunit vaccine for use in areas where E. granulosus is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxue Lv
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Liangliang Chang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jihui Yang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jia Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yinqi Zhao
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Changyou Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
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25
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Asouli A, Sadr S, Mohebalian H, Borji H. Anti-Tumor Effect of Protoscolex Hydatid Cyst Somatic Antigen on Inhibition Cell Growth of K562. Acta Parasitol 2023:10.1007/s11686-023-00680-3. [PMID: 36991291 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Today, cancer is one of the most important causes of death in the world, and so far, many treatment methods have been used in this field. Immunotherapy is considered one of the newest developments in this science, and it is still being investigated in some forms in different cancers and with a variety of antigens as well. One of the subsets of cancer immunotherapy is its treatment using parasitic antigens. The present study evaluated the effect of using somatic antigens of protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus on K562 cancer cells. METHODS In this study, hydatid cysts' protoscolex antigens were extracted, purified, and added to K562 cancer cells at three concentrations (0.1, 1, and 2 mg/ml) and on three times (24, 48, and 72 h). The number of apoptotic cells was compared to the control flask. The antigen concentration of 2 mg/ml was used as a control sample to investigate its cytotoxic effect on the growth of healthy HFF3 cells. Annexin V and PI tests were also performed to differentiate apoptosis from necrosis. RESULTS In flasks treated with hydatid cyst protoscolex antigen, all three concentrations significantly reduced the growth of cancer cells compared with the control flask, and concentration 2 of crude antigen significantly caused the death of cancer cells. Furthermore, more cancer cells underwent apoptosis by increasing the time of exposure to the antigen. On the other hand, flow cytometry results also showed that the amount of apoptosis has increased compared to the control group. In fact, Protoscolex hydatid cyst somatic antigens induce programmed cell death in K562 cancer cells while not having a cytotoxic effect on normal cells. CONCLUSION Therefore, it is suggested to do more research on the anti-cancer and therapeutic properties of the antigens of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Asouli
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 9177948974, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soheil Sadr
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Mohebalian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 9177948974, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Borji
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 9177948974, Mashhad, Iran.
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Assessing Red Fox ( Vulpes vulpes) Demographics to Monitor Wildlife Diseases: A Spotlight on Echinococcus multilocularis. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010060. [PMID: 36678408 PMCID: PMC9862526 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of red fox population density is considered relevant to the surveillance of zoonotic agents vectored by this species. However, density is difficult to estimate reliably, since the ecological plasticity and elusive behavior of this carnivore hinder classic methods of inference. In this study, red fox population density was estimated using a non-invasive molecular spatial capture-recapture (SCR) approach in two study areas: one in a known hotspot of the zoonotic cestode Echinococcus multilocularis, and another naïve to the parasite. Parasitological investigations on collected samples confirmed the presence of the parasite exclusively in the former area; the SCR results indicated a higher fox population density in the control area than in the hotspot, suggesting either that the relationship between fox density and parasite prevalence is not linear and/or the existence of other latent factors supporting the parasitic cycle in the known focus. In addition, fox spotlight count data for the two study areas were used to estimate the index of kilometric abundance (IKA). Although this method is cheaper and less time-consuming than SCR, IKA values were the highest in the areas with the lower molecular SCR density estimates, confirming that IKA should be regarded as a relative index only.
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Brandell EE, Jackson MK, Cross PC, Piaggio AJ, Taylor DR, Smith DW, Boufana B, Stahler DR, Hudson PJ. Evaluating noninvasive methods for estimating cestode prevalence in a wild carnivore population. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277420. [PMID: 36378663 PMCID: PMC9665365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth infections are cryptic and can be difficult to study in wildlife species. Helminth research in wildlife hosts has historically required invasive animal handling and necropsy, while results from noninvasive parasite research, like scat analysis, may not be possible at the helminth species or individual host levels. To increase the utility of noninvasive sampling, individual hosts can be identified by applying molecular methods. This allows for longitudinal sampling of known hosts and can be paired with individual-level covariates. Here we evaluate a combination of methods and existing long-term monitoring data to identify patterns of cestode infections in gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park. Our goals were: (1) Identify the species and apparent prevalence of cestodes infecting Yellowstone wolves; (2) Assess the relationships between wolf biological and social characteristics and cestode infections; (3) Examine how wolf samples were affected by environmental conditions with respect to the success of individual genotyping. We collected over 200 wolf scats from 2018-2020 and conducted laboratory analyses including individual wolf genotyping, sex identification, cestode identification, and fecal glucocorticoid measurements. Wolf genotyping success rate was 45%, which was higher in the winter but decreased with higher precipitation and as more time elapsed between scat deposit and collection. One cestode species was detected in 28% of all fecal samples, and 38% of known individuals. The most common infection was Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (primarily E. canadensis). Adult wolves had 4x greater odds of having a cestode infection than pups, as well as wolves sampled in the winter. Our methods provide an alternative approach to estimate cestode prevalence and to linking parasites to known individuals in a wild host system, but may be most useful when employed in existing study systems and when field collections are designed to minimize the time between fecal deposition and collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E. Brandell
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Madeline K. Jackson
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, WY, United States of America
| | - Paul C. Cross
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Antoinette J. Piaggio
- National Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Taylor
- National Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Douglas W. Smith
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, WY, United States of America
| | - Belgees Boufana
- National Wildlife Management Centre, National Reference Laboratory for Parasites (Trichinella and Echinococcus), Animal and Plant Health Agency, York, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R. Stahler
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, WY, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Hudson
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
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Yang J, Wang M, Yang J, Chu Z, Chen X, Wu X, Peng X. Calcifying nanoparticles initiate the calcification process of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro through the activation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and promote the decay of echinococcosis. Open Life Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The role of the calcifying nanoparticles (CNPs) in the calcification process of the outer cyst wall in hepatic cystic echinococcosis (HCE) remains unknown. CNPs were isolated from the tissues of the patients with HCE. Western blotting, alkaline phosphatase staining, and alizarin staining were performed to detect the cellular calcium ion deposition induced by the CNPs. CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays were conducted to determine the effect of CNPs on the apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Western blot experiments were performed to examine the expression levels of apoptosis-related factors and TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway constituents. Treatment with CNPs induced the differentiation of MSCs. Calcium-related proteins, including OPN, BMP-2, and RUNX2, were upregulated after the CNP treatment. Similarly, CNP exposure increased the cellular calcium ion deposition in MSCs. In addition, the expression of Bax and Caspase-8 was elevated by the CNPs in MSCs. Treatment with CNPs promoted MSC apoptosis and inhibited the MSC growth. The TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway was also activated after the CNP treatment. This study indicated that CNPs may play a critical role in initiating calcification of the outer cyst wall of HCE and promote the decay of echinococcosis, providing a new strategy for the treatment of hepatic echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Center of Hepatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , 430030 , China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Shihezi University , No. 107, North Second Road , Shihezi , 832008, Xinjiang , China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Department of Nursing, Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , 832000, Xinjiang , China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Shihezi University , No. 107, North Second Road , Shihezi , 832008, Xinjiang , China
| | - Zhiqiang Chu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Shihezi University , No. 107, North Second Road , Shihezi , 832008, Xinjiang , China
| | - Xueling Chen
- Department of Immunology, Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , 832000, Xinjiang , China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Shihezi University , No. 107, North Second Road , Shihezi , 832008, Xinjiang , China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , Xinjiang, 832000 , China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University , Shihezi , 832000, Xinjiang , China
| | - Xinyu Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Shihezi University , No. 107, North Second Road , Shihezi , 832008, Xinjiang , China
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Li Y, Yu Y, Liu Q, Qi H, Li S, Xin J, Xing Y. A CT-based radiomics nomogram for the differentiation of pulmonary cystic echinococcosis from pulmonary abscess. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:3393-3401. [PMID: 36181541 PMCID: PMC9525946 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish a clinical prediction model for the differential diagnosis of pulmonary cystic echinococcosis (CE) and pulmonary abscess according to computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics signatures and clinical indicators. This is a retrospective single-centre study. A total of 117 patients, including 53 with pulmonary CE and 64 with pulmonary abscess, were included in our study and were randomly divided into a training set (n = 95) and validation set (n = 22). Radiomics features were extracted from CT images, a radiomics signature was constructed, and clinical indicators were evaluated to establish a clinical prediction model. Finally, a model combining imaging radiomics features and clinical indicators was constructed. The performance of the nomogram, radiomics signature and clinical prediction model was evaluated and validated with the training and test datasets, and then the three models were compared. The radiomics signature of this study was established by 25 features, and the radiomics nomogram was constructed by using clinical factors and the radiomics signature. Finally, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) for the training set and test set were 0.970 and 0.983, respectively. Decision curve analysis showed that the radiologic nomogram was better than the clinical prediction model and individual radiologic characteristic model in differentiating pulmonary CE from pulmonary abscess. The radiological nomogram and models based on clinical factors and individual radiomics features can distinguish pulmonary CE from pulmonary abscess and will be of great help to clinical diagnoses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yaohui Yu
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No 137, LiYuShan South Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No 137, LiYuShan South Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haicheng Qi
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No 137, LiYuShan South Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shan Li
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No 137, LiYuShan South Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Juan Xin
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No 137, LiYuShan South Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No 137, LiYuShan South Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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Yang XB, Meng XZ, Zhao Y, Zhao JP, Chen C, Qin Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Q. Meta-analysis of the prevalence of bovine cystic echinococcosis in China during decade. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:465-475. [PMID: 36150257 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l.) larvae. It is mainly prevalent in western agricultural and pastoral areas in China, seriously affecting the development of public health and animal husbandry. METHODS This study conducted a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of bovine CE in China in the past 10 years (2011-2020). Five databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP Chinese Journal Database) were used to collect the relevant references, and finally 77 published articles were obtained. RESULTS The total prevalence of bovine CE was estimated to be 9.62% during decade, and decreased year by year after reaching its peak in 2014 (18.75%). The highest E. granulosus s.l. infection rate was found in Qinghai province (14.79%). The infection rate of cattle >4 years old (15.84%) was significantly higher than that of other age groups, and cattle raised by grazing was significantly higher than that of other methods (17.00%). In the groups of geographical and climatic factors, the prevalence of CE was higher in regions with high-altitude (20.76%), cold (20.76%) and rainy areas (11.33%). CONCLUSION This study found that old age and grazing were two important factors for the high incidence of bovine CE. The prevalence of CE is higher in low temperature, rainy and high altitude areas, where may be more suitable for the survival of E. granulosus s.l. eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Bo Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, PR China
| | - Xiang-Zhu Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Wenzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Jin-Ping Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, PR China
| | - Ya Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, PR China.
| | - Quan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, PR China.
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Lopes P, Gomes J, Cunha MV. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of municipal veterinary practitioners towards echinococcosis. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 34:100759. [PMID: 36041795 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are among the most relevant zoonoses in Europe. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato causing CE is the most significant foodborne parasite in South-Western Europe, followed by Echinococcus multilocularis, the etiological agent of AE. Among the challenges and opportunities highlighted in the literature to combat these diseases are the need to evaluate and increase awareness of stakeholders. In Portugal, Municipal Veterinary Practitioners (MVP) are the animal health authority at the municipality level, playing a crucial role in diagnosis, prevention and control of infectious diseases in animals, helping to mitigate transmission to humans. However, their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards CE, as well as awareness of AE expansion across Europe, remain overlooked. In this work, a cross-sectional study was conducted for the first time in Portugal to bridge knowledge gaps concerning CE and AE, using an online self-administered questionnaire collecting information on the municipal kennel, KAP towards CE, and understanding of AE epidemiology. Eighty-three MVP from mainland and islands completed the questionnaire, with highest representability from the central-northern region. MVP had, on average, a medium to high level of knowledge of CE but acquaintance with AE was insufficient, although echinococcosis was frequently mentioned as target of health education sessions (77.0%). A high rate (60%) of reported entries into municipal kennels of stray dogs originating from countries with AE endemic areas was registered, suggesting that the presence of these potentially AE-infected stray dogs pose public health risks. Most kennels did not perform routine coprological analysis or faecal matter disinfection after dog internal deworming. The lack of proper training and well-conceived written plans of infection control and prevention were evidenced in several kennels. Altogether, our findings highlight the need to update knowledge and practice of MVP under the One Health approach, through reinforced education, training and communication involving all stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Lopes
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jacinto Gomes
- Agrarian School of Elvas, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Mónica V Cunha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Yakubu RA, Nock IH, Ndams IS, Luka SA, Yaro CA, Alkazmi L, Batiha GES. Detection of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato cysts and seroprevalence of cystic echinococcosis in cattle and camels in Maiduguri Abattoir. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:876-888. [PMID: 36091268 PMCID: PMC9458832 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease of great importance worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antigenic profile of Echinococcus cysts (CE cysts) in camels and cattle. The lungs, livers, hearts, and kidneys of 560 animals, comprising 304 camels and 256 cattle slaughtered in the Maiduguri abattoir, were examined for CE. Blood samples were collected for serology. Protein profiles of CE fluids were analyzed using indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay while Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to characterize the electrophoretic pattern of different CE cyst fluid samples. The overall prevalence of CE was 8.4%, 14.14% (95% CI = 10.65-18.54%) in camels and 1.60% (95% CI = 0.46-4.09%) in cattle. Adult camels 41 (16.21%) (95% CI = 12.15-21.27%) had a higher prevalence than the young camels 2 (3.92%) (95% CI = 0.33-13.97%) (p = 0.038). In cattle, only adults 4 (2.0%) had cysts. Higher prevalence of CE was recorded in male 22 (16.42%) (95% CI = 11.03-23.68%) than female 21 (12.35%) (95% CI = 8.16-18.21%) camels [p = 0.399] while only female cattle 3 (2.2%) had cysts. Higher prevalence of CE was recorded in the livers of 34 (11.18%) (95% CI = 8.08-15.25%) than in the lungs 25 (8.22%) (95% CI = 5.59-11.90%) of camels [p = 0.273]. Of the 47 cysts collected, 43 (91.49%) and 4 (8.51%) were from camels and cattle, respectively. A total of 18 (38.30%) fertile, 17 (36.17%) non-fertile, and 12 (25.53%) calcified cysts were recovered in animals. Overall seroprevalence of 52.63% (95% CI = 47.02-58.18%) and 35.55% (95% CI = 29.93-41.59%) were observed in camels and cattle in this study. The SDS-PAGE of camel CE cyst fluids revealed protein bands at 64kda, 91kda, 160kda, and 200kda molecular units while the purified cyst fluids revealed bands at 64kda, 91kda, 120kda, 160kda, and 200kda. Regular meat inspections and the exclusion of dogs from abattoir premises are strongly encouraged. Investigation into local prevailing factors encouraging transmission should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Arin Yakubu
- Department of Parasitology, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Plateau State Nigeria
| | - Ishaya Haruna Nock
- Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | - Iliya Shehu Ndams
- Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | | | - Clement Ameh Yaro
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State Nigeria
| | - Luay Alkazmi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 AlBeheira Egypt
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Wild Carnivore Survey of Echinococcus Species in Slovenia. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172223. [PMID: 36077943 PMCID: PMC9454715 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild carnivores are definitive hosts and potential reservoirs for the tapeworm Echinococcus sp. which can cause cystic and alveolar echinococcosis. Both are considered neglected and important food-borne pandemics. This study is the first to molecularly test Slovenian wild carnivores for Echinococcus species that can cause disease in humans. Fecal samples from 210 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 42 wolves (Canis lupus), 39 golden jackals (Canis aureus), 18 martens (Marten sp.), 2 Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), 2 European badger (Meles meles), and 1 Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) were examined for Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (EGsl: E. granulosus sensu stricto, E. canadensis) and E. multilocularis (EM) using real-time PCR. Red foxes (29.1%) and golden jackals (18%) were positive for EM. All animals examined were negative for EGsl. Univariate analysis showed no significant differences in EM prevalence with respect to animal species (red fox vs., golden jackal) (p = 0.22), age (p = 0.12), and sex (p = 0.18). Prevalence of EM was associated with the region (p < 0.001), with regions in central and southern Slovenia having higher EM prevalence and risk of infection. Due to the increase in population and expansion of habitat, the golden jackal may soon become as important definitive host for EM as the red fox.
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Records of Human Deaths from Echinococcosis in Brazil, 1995–2016. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080436. [PMID: 36006351 PMCID: PMC9414557 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease relevant to public health in many countries. The disease is present in Brazil; however, it is often underreported due to the lack of mandatory notification of cases across all Brazilian states. The records of two national databases were accessed during the period of 1995–2016 to describe the registered cases and deaths from echinococcosis in the country. Demographic, epidemiological, and health care data related to the occurrence of disease, and deaths attributed to echinococcosis are described. During the study period, 7955 hospitalizations were recorded due to echinococcosis, with 185 deaths. In a second database recording just mortality, a further 113 deaths were documented. Deaths were observed in every state of Brazil. When comparing between states, there was great variability in mortality rates, possibly indicating differences in the quality of health care received by patients and reinforcing the need to expand the compulsory notification of the disease across the country. Abstract Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease relevant to public health in many countries, on all continents except Antarctica. The objective of the study is to describe the registered cases and mortality from echinococcosis in Brazil, from 1995 to 2016. The records of two national databases, the Hospital Information System (HIS) and the Mortality Information System (MIS), were accessed during the period of 1995–2016. Demographic, epidemiological, and health care data related to the occurrence of disease and deaths attributed to echinococcosis in Brazil are described. The results showed that 7955 records of hospitalizations were documented in the HIS, during the study period, with 185 deaths from echinococcosis, and 113 records of deaths were documented in the MIS Deaths in every state of Brazil in the period. When comparing between states, the HIS showed great variability in mortality rates, possibly indicating heterogeneity in diagnosis and in the quality of health care received by patients. Less severe cases that do not require specialized care are not recorded by the information systems, thus the true burden of the disease could be underrepresented in the country. A change in the coding of disease records in the HIS in the late 1990s, (the integration of echinococcosis cases with other pathologies), led to the loss of specificity of the records. The records showed a wide geographic distribution of deaths from echinococcosis, reinforcing the need to expand the notification of the disease in Brazil. Currently, notification of cases is compulsory in the state of Rio Grande do Sul.
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Chaudhry S, Zurbriggen R, Preza M, Kämpfer T, Kaethner M, Memedovski R, Scorrano N, Hemphill A, Doggett JS, Lundström-Stadelmann B. Dual inhibition of the Echinococcus multilocularis energy metabolism. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:981664. [PMID: 35990276 PMCID: PMC9388906 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.981664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis is caused by the metacestode stage of the zoonotic parasite Echinococcus multilocularis. Current chemotherapeutic treatment options rely on benzimidazoles, which have limited curative capabilities and can cause severe side effects. Thus, novel treatment options are urgently needed. In search for novel targetable pathways we focused on the mitochondrial energy metabolism of E. multilocularis. The parasite relies hereby on two pathways: The classical oxidative phosphorylation including the electron transfer chain (ETC), and the anaerobic malate dismutation (MD). We screened 13 endochin-like quinolones (ELQs) in vitro for their activities against two isolates of E. multilocularis metacestodes and isolated germinal layer cells by the phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) assay and the CellTiter Glo assay. For the five most active ELQs (ELQ-121, ELQ-136, ELQ-271, ELQ-400, and ELQ-437), EC50 values against metacestodes were assessed by PGI assay, and IC50 values against mammalian cells were measured by Alamar Blue assay. Further, the gene sequence of the proposed target, the mitochondrial cytochrome b, was analyzed. This allowed for a limited structure activity relationship study of ELQs against E. multilocularis, including analyses of the inhibition of the two functional sites of the cytochrome b. By applying the Seahorse XFp Extracellular Flux Analyzer, oxygen consumption assays showed that ELQ-400 inhibits the E. multilocularis cytochrome bc1 complex under normoxic conditions. When tested under anaerobic conditions, ELQ-400 was hardly active against E. multilocularis metacestodes. These results were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. ELQ-400 treatment increased levels of parasite-released succinate, the final electron acceptor of the MD. This suggests that the parasite switched to MD for energy generation. Therefore, MD was inhibited with quinazoline, which did not induce damage to metacestodes under anaerobic conditions. However, it reduced the production of succinate compared to control treated parasites (i.e., inhibited the MD). The combination treatment with quinazoline strongly improved the activity of the bc1 inhibitor ELQ-400 against E. multilocularis metacestodes under anaerobic conditions. We conclude that simultaneous targeting of the ETC and the MD of E. multilocularis is a possible novel treatment approach for alveolar echinococcosis, and possibly also other foodborne diseases inflicted by platyhelminths, which cause substantial economic losses in livestock industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Chaudhry
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Zurbriggen
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matías Preza
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kämpfer
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Kaethner
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roman Memedovski
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Scorrano
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Stone Doggett
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Britta Lundström-Stadelmann
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Britta Lundström-Stadelmann
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Zhang T, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Jiang Y, Sun L, Huang D, Tian M, Shen Y, Deng J, Hou J, Ma Y. Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces enhance glycolysis to promote M2 Macrophages through PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Pathog Glob Health 2022; 117:409-416. [PMID: 35876088 PMCID: PMC10177676 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2022.2104055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar Echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. The primary objective of this study is to explore whether Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces (PSCs) regulate macrophage polarization and glucose metabolism by PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. We found that large numbers of CD68+ macrophages gathered in close liver issue from the lesion in AE patients. PSCs preferentially differentiated into M2 macrophages and the expressions of HK1, PFKL, PKM2, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, mTOR and p-mTOR increased. The above results show that Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces enhance glycolysis to promote M2 macrophages through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai province, China.,Key Laboratory of Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai province, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Yaogang Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China.,Qinghai Province Research Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai province, China.,Key Laboratory of Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai province, China.,Department of Neurology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Central Laboratory of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Li Sun
- Central Laboratory of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Dengliang Huang
- Central Laboratory of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Meiyuan Tian
- Central Laboratory of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Yinhong Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Jing Hou
- Central Laboratory of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Central Laboratory of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China.,Qinghai Province Research Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai province, China
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Wind-borne dispersion of Echinococcus multilocularis eggs - a flight model. J Helminthol 2022; 96:e45. [PMID: 35762233 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x22000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The alveolar hydatid disease, also known as alveolar echinococcosis, of humans is certainly one of the most dangerous zoonoses worldwide. The disease is caused by Echinococcus multilocularis - the fox tapeworm. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are currently counted as the most important carriers (reservoirs) of E. multilocularis in the Northern Hemisphere. The possible routes of infection of E. multilocularis to humans are complex and still require research. Until now, it has been unknown whether E. multilocularis eggs can be moved by wind at all. This analysis shows, based on calculations, that E. multilocularis eggs can be transported by wind. Using a mathematical model, flight distances depending on wind speed and take-off heights are calculated for dense and less dense (coniferous) forest areas. The results - differentiated for seasons and as overall average - are based on mean values of wind speeds which were measured over a ten-year period in an experimental forest stand in the Solling (Germany). Due to their rate of descent, wind-related spreading of E. multilocularis eggs is possible. The average flight distance covered by E. multilocularis eggs in forest areas, depending on their starting altitude and wind speed, is between approximately 1.3 m and approximately 17 m. From the mathematical point of view, the wind factor can definitely be seen as one of the multiple vectors associated with environmental contamination by E. multilocularis eggs. Consequently, the possible wind-borne spread of E. multilocularis eggs poses an infection risk to humans that should be considered and requires further research.
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Uakhit R, Smagulova A, Syzdykova A, Abdrakhmanov S, Kiyan V. Genetic diversity of Echinococcus spp. in wild carnivorous animals in Kazakhstan. Vet World 2022; 15:1489-1496. [PMID: 35993082 PMCID: PMC9375211 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1489-1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The study of Echinococcus infection among farm animals in Kazakhstan was carried out to monitor the invasion among livestock and map the data obtained. Unfortunately, there are only partial data on the study of echinococcosis among wild carnivores in Kazakhstan, which makes it difficult to conduct a comparative analysis of the epidemiological situation among wild animals. The present study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity of Echinococcus spp. (Leuckart, 1863) in Kazakhstan based on sequence analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) of worms isolated from wild carnivorous animals wolf (Canis lupus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and corsac (Vulpes corsac). Materials and Methods: DNA from parasite tissue was used as a template for the amplification of the two mitochondrial genes cox1 and nad1. Sequencing was performed according to the manual for the Seq Studio Genetic Analyzer. The multiple alignments of obtained sequences were performed using the ClustalW algorithm in Mega (v.11) software. Alignments were exported as a Nexus extension and used as input for TCS v1.21 for the identification of haplotypes. The phylogenetic analysis was constructed according to the neighbor-joining method using Mega (v.11) software. Results: Analysis of the extensiveness of echinococcosis invasion showed that 6.3% were wolves, 18.2% were corsacs, and 85% were foxes. In total, 159 adults of Echinococcus spp. from the three species of animals in different parts of Kazakhstan were analyzed, and 17 individual biological samples were successfully sequenced. Sequence analysis of cox1 and nad1 genes revealed two types of echinococcosis – Echinococcus granulosus in red foxes and wolves, and Echinococcus multilocularis in corsacs. Sequencing of a portion of the mitochondrial genome made it possible to determine seven haplotypes of the pathogen in the studied samples of E. granulosus. Molecular analysis of cox1 and nad1 genes of E. multilocularis revealed three new haplotypes, which have significant variability compared with other studied Asian haplotypes. Conclusion: This study made it possible to fill the gaps in understanding the localization of the foci of the spread of the echinococcosis pathogen among the main wild carnivores and to determine the species reservoir of the pathogen in the greater territory of Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiga Uakhit
- Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, 62 Zhenis Avenue, Nur-Sultan 010011, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainura Smagulova
- Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, 62 Zhenis Avenue, Nur-Sultan 010011, Kazakhstan
| | - Alfiya Syzdykova
- Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, 62 Zhenis Avenue, Nur-Sultan 010011, Kazakhstan
| | - Sarsenbay Abdrakhmanov
- Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, 62 Zhenis Avenue, Nur-Sultan 010011, Kazakhstan
| | - Vladimir Kiyan
- Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, 62 Zhenis Avenue, Nur-Sultan 010011, Kazakhstan; National Center of Biotechnology, 13/5 Qorghalzhyn Hwy, Nur-Sultan 010011, Kazakhstan
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Liu T, Li H, Li Y, Wang L, Chen G, Pu G, Guo X, Cho WC, Fasihi Harandi M, Zheng Y, Luo X. Integrative Analysis of RNA Expression and Regulatory Networks in Mice Liver Infected by Echinococcus multilocularis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:798551. [PMID: 35399512 PMCID: PMC8989267 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.798551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The larvae of Echinococcus multilocularis causes alveolar echinococcosis, which poses a great threat to the public health. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the host and parasite interactions are still unclear. Exploring the transcriptomic maps of mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA expressed in the liver in response to E. multilocularis infection will help us to understand its pathogenesis. Using liver perfusion, different cell populations including the hepatic cells, hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells were isolated from mice interperitoneally inoculated with protoscoleces. Their transcriptional profiles including lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs were done by RNA-seq. Among these cell populations, the most differentially-expressed (DE) mRNA, lncRNAs and miRNAs were annotated and may involve in the pathological processes, mainly including metabolic disorders, immune responses and liver fibrosis. Following the integrative analysis of 38 differentially-expressed DEmiRNAs and 8 DElncRNAs, the lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA networks were constructed, including F63-miR-223-3p-Fbxw7/ZFP36/map1b, F63-miR-27-5p-Tdrd6/Dip2c/Wdfy4 and IFNgAS1-IFN-γ. These results unveil the presence of several potential lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA axes during E. multilocularis infection, and further exploring of these axes may contribute to better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guiting Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaola Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yadong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuenong Luo, ; Yadong Zheng,
| | - Xuenong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuenong Luo, ; Yadong Zheng,
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Shi C, Zhou X, Yang W, Wu J, Bai M, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Yang H, Nagai A, Yin M, Gao X, Ding S, Zhao J. Proteomic Analysis of Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles From Mice With Echinococcus granulosus at Different Infection Stages and Their Immunomodulatory Functions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:805010. [PMID: 35360110 PMCID: PMC8960237 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.805010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The globally distributed cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus), a cosmopolitan and zoonotic disease with potentially life-threatening complications in humans. The emerging roles for extracellular vesicles (EVs) in parasitic infection include transferring proteins and modifying host cell gene expression to modulate host immune responses. Few studies focused on the host-derived EVs and its protein profiles. We focused on the EVs from mouse infected with E. granulosus at different stages. ExoQuick kit was used for isolating EVs from mouse plasma and ExoEasy Maxi kit was used for isolating protoscolex culture supernatant (PCS) and hydatid cyst fluid (HCF). Firstly, EVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and immunoblot. Secondly, the proteins of plasma EVs were identified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The resulting LC–MS/MS data were processed using Maxquant search engine (v 1.5.2.8). Tandem mass spectra were researched against the mice and E. granulosus proteins database in the NCBI. The differentially expressed proteins are performed by proteomic label-free quantitative analysis and bioinformatics. Thirdly, in vitro experiment, the results of co-culture of plasma EVs and spleen mononuclear cells showed that 7W-EVs can increase the relative abundance of regulatory T (Treg) cells and IL-10. We further verified that EVs can be internalized by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). These results implied host-derived EVs are multidirectional immune modulators. The findings can contribute to a better understanding of the role of host-derived EVs which are the optimal vehicle to transfer important cargo into host immune system. In addition, we have found several important proteins associated with E. granulosus and identified in infected mouse plasma at different stages. Furthermore, our study further highlighted the proteomics and immunological function of EVs from mouse infected with E. granulosus protoscoleces at different infection stages. We have laid a solid foundation for the role of EVs in cystic echinococcosis in the future research and supplemented a unique dataset for this E. granulosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Centre for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Neurology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jianwen Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Min Bai
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Research Center for Medical Science and Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Institute of Medical Science, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Research Center for Medical Science and Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Institute of Medical Science, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Yinchuan, China
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Mei Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoping Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuqin Ding
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaqing Zhao, ; Shuqin Ding,
| | - Jiaqing Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Research Center for Medical Science and Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Institute of Medical Science, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaqing Zhao, ; Shuqin Ding,
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Assessment of the Vaccination Program against Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep in the Pehuenche Community of Central Chile. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060679. [PMID: 35327078 PMCID: PMC8944607 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a neglected zoonosis that uses dogs and sheep as its main hosts in Chile. The Eg95 vaccine against sheep infection has been included in some control programs. Here, we assess the efficacy of the vaccination program in the hyperendemic Alto Biobío commune after 3 years of execution. Fisher’s test and generalized linear models were used in the assessment. The program tried to offer a first dose at 2 months of age, a booster 1 month later, and yearly vaccination. Given logistic difficulties, important delays in vaccination occurred, and most animals did not receive the first booster. Dog deworming was not included in the program. Likely due to the aforementioned factors, the overall frequency of infection was not lower, but the proportion of large (>5 mm) cysts and fertile cysts was smaller after the program. The frequency of infection and/or the number of cysts were lower when the age at first dose was younger and the first booster was administered 1 month after the first dose. The results suggest that vaccination affects both cyst development after the larvae reach the target organs, as well as the development of the protoscolex once the cysts start developing.
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Hotz JF, Peters L, Kapp-Schwörer S, Theis F, Eberhardt N, Essig A, Grüner B, Hagemann JB. Evaluation of Serological Markers in Alveolar Echinococcosis Emphasizing the Correlation of PET-CTI Tracer Uptake with RecEm18 and Echinococcus-Specific IgG. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020239. [PMID: 35215182 PMCID: PMC8880252 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), which is caused by the cestode Echinococcus (E.) multilocularis, is an epidemiologically relevant issue in modern medicine and still poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Since diagnosis mainly relies on imaging procedures and serological testing, we retrospectively and comparatively analyzed the performance of an Echinococcus IgG screening ELISA, whole serum IgE, and two specific confirmatory ELISA platforms using the defined E. multilocularis antigens Em2-Em18 (Em2+) and recombinant Em18 (recEm18). With special emphasis on the clinical usefulness of recEm18, we correlated the laboratory results with clinical characteristics and imaging findings in a large and well-characterized cohort of N = 124 AE patients, who were followed over several years after either surgical plus subsequent pharmacological treatment or pharmacotherapy alone. All patients had routinely received PET-CTI every two years. Our data reveal strong correlations for both Echinococcus IgG and recEm18 with tracer uptake in PET-CTI and parasitic lesion size and number, suggesting additional clinical usefulness of recEm18 for certain constellations only, while IgG and Em2+ still appear reasonable and sensitive screening methods for initial diagnosis of AE. With this study, we aim to contribute to further optimizing medical care of AE patients. For instance, it might be reasonable to consider the replacement of some PET-CTI follow-ups by imaging procedures with less radiation exposure or serological means alone. Further studies that clarify the correlation of serological markers with ultrasound criteria might be particularly useful, and further retrospective as well as prospective investigations are justified in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Frederic Hotz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University Hospital, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; (L.P.); (S.K.-S.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.F.H.); (B.G.); (J.B.H.)
| | - Lynn Peters
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University Hospital, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; (L.P.); (S.K.-S.); (F.T.)
| | - Silke Kapp-Schwörer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University Hospital, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; (L.P.); (S.K.-S.); (F.T.)
| | - Frauke Theis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University Hospital, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; (L.P.); (S.K.-S.); (F.T.)
| | - Nina Eberhardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, D-89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Andreas Essig
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Hospital, D-89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Beate Grüner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University Hospital, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; (L.P.); (S.K.-S.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.F.H.); (B.G.); (J.B.H.)
| | - Jürgen Benjamin Hagemann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Hospital, D-89081 Ulm, Germany;
- Correspondence: (J.F.H.); (B.G.); (J.B.H.)
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Liu Z, Yin B. Alterations in the Gut Microbial Composition and Diversity of Tibetan Sheep Infected With Echinococcus granulosus. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:778789. [PMID: 35097041 PMCID: PMC8792969 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.778789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydatidosis/cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus is a parasitic zoonotic disease worldwide, threatening animal health and production and public health safety. However, it is still unclear that whether E. granulosus infection can result in the alteration of gut microbiota in Tibetan sheep. Therefore, a study was designed to investigate the influences of E. granulosus infection on gut microbiota of Tibetan sheep. A total of 10 ovine small intestinal contents (five from healthy and five from infected) were obtained and subjected to high-throughput sequencing by MiSeq platform. A total of 2,395,641 sequences and 585 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla in all samples. Moreover, the proportions of Armatimonadetes and Firmicutes in the infected Tibetan sheep were significantly decreased, whereas Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria had significantly increased. At the genus level, the Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group were the predominant bacterial genera in all the samples. Furthermore, the healthy Tibetan sheep exhibited higher abundances of Intestinimonas, Butyrivibrio, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Ruminococcaceae, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Oxobacter, Prevotella_1, Ruminiclostridium_6, Coprococcus_1, Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-002, Olsenella, and Acetitomaculum, whereas Kocuria, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Slackia, Achromobacter, and Stenotrophomonas levels were lower. In conclusion, our results conveyed an information that E. granulosus infection may cause an increase in pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria. Additionally, a significant dynamical change in gut microbiota could be associated with E. granulosus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- College of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
- Research Center of Aquatic Organism Conservation and Water Ecosystem Restoration in Anhui Province, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Liu
| | - Baishuang Yin
- Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Jilin Province, Jilin, China
- Baishuang Yin
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The RNA modification in Echinococcus granulosus cysts revealed by mass spectrometry. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 96:105124. [PMID: 34710588 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RNA modifications, as one of epigenetic mechanisms, are important and conserved mechanisms for maintaining the homeostasis of organisms. Little is known about RNA modifications in Echinococcus granulosus, an obligate parasite that inhabits mammals and gives rise to a huge public health and economic impact. Here, we focused on the RNA modification characteristics of E. granulosus for the first time by using mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze 47 types of RNA modifications in E. granulosus total RNA. Furthermore, the E. granulosus homologs of writer enzymes preforming RNA modifications were identified, and their gene expression pattern at different developmental stages were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. Finally, 23 types of RNA modifications were found in E. granulosus cysts total RNA, of which m1A, Ψ and m5C are the most abundant. The homologs of writer enzymes involved in these modifications were identified in the E. granulosus genome, with the dynamic gene expression during the different parasitic developmental stages. This work confirms that E. granulosus retains the conserved RNA modification mechanism during evolution, suggesting the important role of RNA modification in regulating its development and parasitic process. Moreover, the differences of amino acid sequences of RNA modification writer enzymes between parasite and host make it possible to use these enzymes as the candidate drug targets in the follow-up in-depth researches.
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Permana AD, Paredes AJ, Zanutto FV, Amir MN, Ismail I, Bahar MA, Palma SD, Donnelly RF. Albendazole Nanocrystal-Based Dissolving Microneedles with Improved Pharmacokinetic Performance for Enhanced Treatment of Cystic Echinococcosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38745-38760. [PMID: 34353029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus spp., affecting both humans and animals' lives. Current treatment of CE by oral administration of albendazole (ABZ) is hampered by several limitations. The poor aqueous solubility and the rapid metabolism of ABZ in the liver are the main issues, leading to lack of efficacy of the treatment. In the present study, we developed a nanocrystalline (NC) formulation of ABZ to be delivered intradermally using dissolving microneedles (DMNs). The NC formulation was developed using milling in an ultrasmall-scale device. Following several screenings, Pluronic F127 was selected as a suitable stabilizer, producing NCs with around 400 nm in size with narrow particle distribution. The crystallinity of ABZ was maintained as observed by DSC and XRD analysis. The NC approach was able to improve the dissolution percentage of ABZ by approximately three-fold. Furthermore, the incorporation of NCs into DMNs using the combination of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and poly(vinyl alcohol) formed sharp needles with sufficient mechanical strength and insertion properties. Dermatokinetic studies revealed that >25% of ABZ was localized in the dermis of excised neonatal porcine skin up to 48 h after DMN administration. In in vivo pharmacokinetic studies, the AUC and relative bioavailability values of ABZ delivered by NC-loaded DMNs were found to be significantly higher than those obtained after oral administration of coarse suspension of ABZ or ABZ-NCs, as well as DMNs delivering coarse ABZ as indicated by the relative bioavailability values of >100%. Therefore, the combination approach developed in this study could maintain the systemic circulation of ABZ, which could be possibly caused by avoiding the first-pass metabolism in the liver. This could be beneficial to improve the efficacy of ABZ in CE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Dian Permana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Alejandro J Paredes
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Fabiana Volpe Zanutto
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, R. Cândido Portinari, 200 - Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Muh Nur Amir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Ismail Ismail
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Muh Akbar Bahar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Santiago Daniel Palma
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
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Liu C, Fan H, Guan L, Ge RL, Ma L. In vivo and in vitro efficacy of crocin against Echinococcus multilocularis. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:364. [PMID: 34256821 PMCID: PMC8278753 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a fatal zoonosis caused by the larvae of Echinococcus multilocularis. However, current chemotherapy treatment options are based on benzimidazoles [albendazole (ABZ) and mebendazole], which have limited efficacy. Therefore, novel drugs are necessary for the treatment of this disease. Methods The anthelmintic effects of crocin were tested on E. multilocularis metacestodes, germinal cells and protoscoleces in vitro. Human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) and Reuber rat hepatoma (RH) cells were used to assess cytotoxicity. The in vivo efficacy of crocin was investigated in mice following secondary infection with E. multilocularis. Furthermore, collagen deposition and degradation in host tissues around the metacestodes were evaluated. Results In vitro, crocin had a median effective concentration of 11.36 μM against cultured E. multilocularis metacestodes, while it reduced germinal cell viability at a median inhibitory concentration of 10.05 μM. Crocin was less toxic to HFFs and RH mammalian cell lines than to metacestodes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that crocin treatment resulted in structural damage in the germinal layer. In addition, 60.33 ± 3.06% of protoscoleces were killed by treatment with 10 μM crocin for 7 days, indicating that crocin has a parasiticidal effect. In vivo, the metacestode weight was significantly reduced after the administration of crocin at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg (55.1 and 68.1%, respectively). Metacestode pathology showed structural disruption of the germinal and laminated layers after crocin treatment. The crocin- and ABZ-treated groups presented significant increases in the levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4. Furthermore, crocin inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (MMP2 and MMP9) and promoted collagen deposition in the metacestode. Conclusions Crocin was demonstrated to exert parasiticidal activity against E. multilocularis in vitro and in vivo, and can be developed as a novel drug for the treatment of AE. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04866-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanchuan Liu
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, People's Republic of China.,Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, People's Republic of China.,Qinghai Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haining Fan
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, People's Republic of China.,Qinghai Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Guan
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, People's Republic of China. .,Qinghai Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan Ma
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, People's Republic of China. .,Qinghai Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, People's Republic of China.
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First Report of Echinococcus ortleppi in Free-Living Wild Boar ( Sus scrofa) from Portugal. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061256. [PMID: 34207738 PMCID: PMC8228001 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis that is prevalent worldwide. It is considered endemic in Portugal but few studies have been performed on Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and their hosts. In this study, CE cysts are reported for the first time in a free-living wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Portugal. The presence of the metacestodes in the liver of the wild boar was identified by morphological features, microscopic examination and molecular analysis. The sequencing of part of the DNA nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) region revealed a G5 genotype that presently corresponds to Echinococcus ortleppi. This is the first report of E. ortleppi in Portugal and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, in Europe. These results suggest that wild boar may be a host of CE, namely, crossing the livestock–wildlife interface, which has important public health implications. Wildlife reservoirs must be taken into account as CE hosts and surveillance of game as well as health education for hunters should be implemented using a One Health approach, with implementation of feasible and tailor-made control strategies, namely, proper elimination of byproducts in the field.
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