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Auvergne A, Traut N, Henches L, Troubat L, Frouin A, Boetto C, Kazem S, Julienne H, Toro R, Aschard H. Multitrait analysis to decipher the intertwined genetic architecture of neuroanatomical phenotypes and psychiatric disorders. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00266-0. [PMID: 39260564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence of shared genetic factors between psychiatric disorders and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phenotypes. However, deciphering the joint genetic architecture of these outcomes has proven challenging, and new approaches are needed to infer potential genetic structure underlying those phenotypes. Multivariate analyses is arising as a meaningful approach to reveal links between MRI phenotypes and psychiatric disorders missed by univariate approaches. METHODS We first conducted univariate and multivariate genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for nine MRI-derived brain volume phenotypes in 20K UK Biobank participants. We next performed various complementary enrichment analyses to assess whether and how univariate and multitrait approaches can distinguish disorder-associated and non-disorder-associated variants from six psychiatric disorders: bipolarity, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and major depressive disorder. Finally, we conducted a clustering analysis of top associated variants based on their MRI multitrait association using an optimized k-medoids approach. RESULTS Univariate MRI GWAS displayed only negligible genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, while multitrait GWAS identified multiple new associations and showed significant enrichment for variants related to both ADHD and schizophrenia. Clustering analyses further detected two clusters displaying not only enrichment for association with ADHD and schizophrenia, but also consistent direction of effects. Functional annotation analyses of those clusters pointed to multiple potential mechanisms, suggesting in particular a role of neurotrophins pathways on both MRI and schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that multitrait association signature can be used to infer genetically-driven latent MRI variables associated with psychiatric disorders, opening paths for future biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Auvergne
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Traut
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Léo Henches
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Troubat
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Arthur Frouin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Boetto
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sayeh Kazem
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Hanna Julienne
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Roberto Toro
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Hugues Aschard
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
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Perez-Rando M, García-Martí G, Escarti MJ, Salgado-Pineda P, McKenna PJ, Pomarol-Clotet E, Grasa E, Postiguillo A, Corripio I, Nacher J. Alterations in the volume and shape of the basal ganglia and thalamus in schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110960. [PMID: 38325744 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Different lines of evidence indicate that the structure and physiology of the basal ganglia and the thalamus is disturbed in schizophrenia. However, it is unknown whether the volume and shape of these subcortical structures are affected in schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations (AH), a core positive symptom of the disorder. We took structural MRI from 63 patients with schizophrenia, including 36 patients with AH and 27 patients who had never experienced AH (NAH), and 51 matched healthy controls. We extracted volumes for the left and right thalamus, globus pallidus, putamen, caudate and nucleus accumbens. Shape analysis was also carried out. When comparing to controls, the volume of the right globus pallidus, thalamus, and putamen, was only affected in AH patients. The volume of the left putamen was also increased in individuals with AH, whereas the left globus pallidus was affected in both groups of patients. The shapes of right and left putamen and thalamus were also affected in both groups. The shape of the left globus pallidus was only altered in patients lacking AH, both in comparison to controls and to cases with AH. Lastly, the general PANSS subscale was correlated with the volume of the right thalamus, and the right and left putamen, in patients with AH. We have found volume and shape alterations of many basal ganglia and thalamus in patients with and without AH, suggesting in some cases a possible relationship between this positive symptom and these morphometric alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perez-Rando
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain; CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Gracián García-Martí
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Quironsalud Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria J Escarti
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Salgado-Pineda
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Spain
| | - Peter J McKenna
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Spain
| | - Eva Grasa
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Mental Health, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Postiguillo
- Biomedical Research Institute of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Iluminada Corripio
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Mental Health and Psychiatry Department, Vic Hospital Consortium, Francesc Pla, Vic, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain; CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.
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3
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Işıklar S, Sağlam D. Volumetric analysis of age- and sex-related changes in the corpus striatum and thalamus in the 1-18 age group: a retrospective magnetic resonance imaging study. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae142. [PMID: 38602741 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies of the development and asymmetry of the corpus striatum and thalamus in early childhood are rare. Studies investigating these structures across the lifespan have not presented their changes during childhood and adolescence in detail. For these reasons, this study investigated the effect of age and sex factors on the development and asymmetry of the corpus striatum and thalamus in the 1-18 age group. In this retrospective study, we included 652 individuals [362 (56%) males] aged 1-18 years with normal brain MRI between 2012 and 2021. Absolute and relative volumes of the corpus striatum and thalamus were obtained by segmentation of three-dimensional T1-weighted MRIs with volBrain1.0. We created age-specific volume data and month-based development models with the help of SPSS (ver.28). The corpus striatum and thalamus had cubic absolute volumetric developmental models. The relative volume of the caudate and thalamus (only males) is consistent with the decreasing "growth" model, the others with the decreasing cubic model. The absolute volumes of the males' bilateral corpus striatum and thalamus and the relative volumes of the caudate and thalamus of the females were significantly larger (P < 0.05). The caudate showed right > left lateralization; putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus showed left > right lateralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefa Işıklar
- Medical Imaging Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - Dilek Sağlam
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
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Yamazaki R, Matsumoto J, Ito S, Nemoto K, Fukunaga M, Hashimoto N, Kodaka F, Takano H, Hasegawa N, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Yamamori H, Watanabe Y, Miura K, Hashimoto R. Longitudinal reduction in brain volume in patients with schizophrenia and its association with cognitive function. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2024; 44:206-215. [PMID: 38348613 PMCID: PMC10932790 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Establishing a brain biomarker for schizophrenia is strongly desirable not only to support diagnosis by psychiatrists but also to help track the progressive changes in the brain over the course of the illness. A brain morphological signature of schizophrenia was reported in a recent study and is defined by clusters of brain regions with reduced volume in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy individuals. This signature was proven to be effective at differentiating patients with schizophrenia from healthy individuals, suggesting that it is a good candidate brain biomarker of schizophrenia. However, the longitudinal characteristics of this signature have remained unclear. In this study, we examined whether these changes occurred over time and whether they were associated with clinical outcomes. We found a significant change in the brain morphological signature in schizophrenia patients with more brain volume loss than the natural, age-related reduction in healthy individuals, suggesting that this change can capture a progressive morphological change in the brain. We further found a significant association between changes in the brain morphological signature and changes in the full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ). The patients with IQ improvement showed preserved brain morphological signatures, whereas the patients without IQ improvement showed progressive changes in the brain morphological signature, suggesting a link between potential recovery of intellectual abilities and the speed of brain pathology progression. We conclude that the brain morphological signature is a brain biomarker that can be used to evaluate progressive changes in the brain that are associated with cognitive impairment due to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Satsuki Ito
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of Developmental and Clinical Psychology, The Division of Human Developmental Sciences, Graduate School of Humanity and SciencesOchanomizu UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Section of Brain Function InformationNational Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazakiJapan
| | - Naoki Hashimoto
- Department of PsychiatryHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Fumitoshi Kodaka
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Harumasa Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging CenterNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Naomi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Medical Corporation FosterOsakaJapan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
- Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka HospitalOsakaJapan
| | | | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
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Chew QH, Prakash KNB, Koh LY, Chilla G, Yeow LY, Sim K. Neuroanatomical subtypes of schizophrenia and relationship with illness duration and deficit status. Schizophr Res 2022; 248:107-113. [PMID: 36030757 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneity of schizophrenia (SCZ) regarding psychopathology, illness trajectory and their inter-relationships with underlying neural substrates remain incompletely understood. In a bid to reduce illness heterogeneity using neural substrates, our study aimed to replicate the findings of an earlier study by Chand et al. (2020). We employed brain structural measures for subtyping SCZ patients, and evaluate each subtype's relationship with clinical features such as illness duration, psychotic psychopathology, and additionally deficit status. METHODS Overall, 240 subjects (160 SCZ patients, 80 healthy controls) were recruited for this study. The participants underwent brain structural magnetic resonance imaging scans and clinical rating using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Neuroanatomical subtypes of SCZ were identified using "Heterogeneity through discriminative analysis" (HYDRA), a clustering technique which accounted for relevant covariates and the inter-group normalized percentage changes in brain volume were also calculated. RESULTS As replicated, two neuroanatomical subtypes (SG-1 and SG-2) were found amongst our patients with SCZ. The subtype SG-1 was associated with enlargements in the third and lateral ventricles, volume increase in the basal ganglia (putamen, caudate, pallidum), longer illness duration, and deficit status. The subtype SG-2 was associated with reductions of cortical and subcortical structures (hippocampus, thalamus, basal ganglia). CONCLUSIONS These replicated findings have clinical implications in the early intervention, response monitoring, and prognostication of SCZ. Future studies may adopt a multi-modal neuroimaging approach to enhance insights into the neurobiological composition of relevant subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hui Chew
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - K N Bhanu Prakash
- Biophotonics & Bioimaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Clinical Data Analytics & Radiomics, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Li Yang Koh
- Biophotonics & Bioimaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Geetha Chilla
- Biophotonics & Bioimaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Clinical Data Analytics & Radiomics, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Ling Yun Yeow
- Biophotonics & Bioimaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Clinical Data Analytics & Radiomics, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
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Abnormal within- and cross-networks functional connectivity in different outcomes of herpes zoster patients. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:366-378. [PMID: 34549378 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have displayed aberrant brain activities in individual sensory- and emotional-linked regions in postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) patients. However, multi-dimensional dysfunction in chronic pain may rely on the interplay between networks. Little is known about the changes in the functional architecture of resting state networks (RSNs) in PHN. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 31 PHN patients, 33 RHZ patients and 34 HCs; all participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. We investigated the differences of within- and cross-network connectivities between different outcomes of HZ patients [including PHN and recuperation from herpes zoster (RHZ)] and healthy controls (HCs) so as to extract a characteristic network pattern of PHN. The abnormal network connectivities were then correlated with clinical variables in respective groups. PHN and RHZ patients could be similarly characterized by abnormal within-default mode network (DMN), DMN-salience network (SN) and SN-basal ganglia network (BGN) connectivity relative to HCs. Of note, compared with RHZ patients, PHN patients could be characterized by abnormal DMN-BGN and within-BGN connectivity. Furthermore, the within-DMN connectivity was associated with pain-induced emotional scores among PHN patients. Our study presented that network-level imbalance could account for the pain-related dysfunctions in different outcomes of herpes zoster patients. These insights are potentially useful for understanding neuromechanism of PHN and providing central therapeutic targets for PHN.
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Abstract
Basal ganglia, which include the striatum and thalamus, have key roles in motivation, emotion, motor function, also contribute to higher-order cognitive function. Previous researches have documented structural and functional alterations in basal ganglia in schizophrenia. While few studies have assessed asymmetries of these characters in basal ganglia of schizophrenia. The current study investigated this issue by using diffusion tensor imaging, anatomic T1-weight image and resting-state functional data from 88 chronic schizophrenic subjects and 92 healthy controls. The structural characteristic, including fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity (MD) and volume, were extracted and quantified from the subregions of basal ganglia, including caudate, putamen, pallidum and thalamus, through automated atlas-based method. The resting-state functional maps of these regions were also calculated through seed-based functional connectivity. Then, the laterality indexes of structural and functional features were calculated. Compared with healthy controls, schizophrenic subjects showed increased left laterality of volume in striatum and reduced left laterality of volume in thalamus. Furthermore, the difference of laterality of subregions in thalamus is compensatory in schizophrenic subjects. Importantly, the severity of patients' positive symptom was negative corelated with reduced left laterality of volume in thalamus. Our findings provide preliminary evidence demonstrating that the possibility of aberrant laterality in neural pathways and connectivity patterns related to the basal ganglia in schizophrenia.
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Yao Y, He H, Duan M, Li S, Li C, Chen X, Yao G, Chang X, Shu H, Wang H, Luo C. The Effects of Music Intervention on Pallidum-DMN Circuit of Schizophrenia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4107065. [PMID: 33015164 PMCID: PMC7525302 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4107065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Music intervention has been applied to improve symptoms of schizophrenic subjects as a complementary treatment in medicine. Although the psychiatric symptoms, especially for motivation and emotion, could be increased in schizophrenia, the underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. We employed a longitudinal study to measure the alteration of striatum functional networks in schizophrenic subjects undergoing Mozart music listening using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Forty-five schizophrenic inpatients were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups. Under the standard care with antipsychotic medication, one group received music intervention for 1 month and the other group is set as control. Both schizophrenic groups were compared to healthy subjects. Resting-state fMRI was acquired from schizophrenic subjects at baseline and after one-month music intervention and from healthy subjects at baseline. Striatum network was assessed through seed-based static and dynamic functional connectivity (FC) analyses. After music intervention, increased static FC was observed between pallidum and ventral hippocampus in schizophrenic subjects. Increased dynamic FCs were also found between pallidus and subregions of default mode network (DMN), including cerebellum crus and posterior cingulate cortex. Moreover, static pallidus-hippocampus FC increment was positively correlated with the improvement of negative symptoms in schizophrenic subjects. Together, these findings provided evidence that music intervention might have an effect on the FC of the striatum-DMN circuit and might be related to the remission of symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hui He
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Mingjun Duan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Shicai Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Cheng Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Gang Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xin Chang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Haifeng Shu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hongming Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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Guessoum SB, Le Strat Y, Dubertret C, Mallet J. A transnosographic approach of negative symptoms pathophysiology in schizophrenia and depressive disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 99:109862. [PMID: 31927053 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative Symptoms (blunted affect, alogia, anhedonia, avolition and asociality) are observed in schizophrenia but also in depressive disorders. OBJECTIVE To gather cognitive, neuroanatomical, neurofunctional and neurobiological knowledge of negative symptoms in studies on schizophrenia, depressive disorder, and transnosographic studies. RESULTS Blunted affect in schizophrenia is characterized by amygdala hyperactivation and frontal hypoactivation, also found in depressive disorder. Mirror neurons, may be related to blunted affect in schizophrenia. Alogia may be related to cognitive dysfunction and basal ganglia area impairments in schizophrenia. Data surrounding alogia in depressive disorder is scarce; wider speech deficits are often studied instead. Consummatory Anhedonia may be less affected than Anticipatory Anhedonia in schizophrenia. Anhedonia is associated with reward impairments and altered striatal functions in both diagnostics. Amotivation is associated with Corticostriatal Hypoactivation in both disorders. Anhedonia and amotivation are transnosographically associated with dopamine dysregulation. Asociality may be related to oxytocin. CONCLUSION Pathophysiological hypotheses are specific to each dimension of negative symptoms and overlap across diagnostic boundaries, possibly underpinning the observed clinical continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sélim Benjamin Guessoum
- AP-HP; Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Louis Mourier; University of Paris, 178 rue des Renouillers, 92700 Colombes, France; INSERM UMR1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris (IPNP), 102-108 rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Yann Le Strat
- AP-HP; Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Louis Mourier; University of Paris, 178 rue des Renouillers, 92700 Colombes, France; INSERM UMR1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris (IPNP), 102-108 rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Caroline Dubertret
- AP-HP; Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Louis Mourier; University of Paris, 178 rue des Renouillers, 92700 Colombes, France; INSERM UMR1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris (IPNP), 102-108 rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Jasmina Mallet
- AP-HP; Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Louis Mourier; University of Paris, 178 rue des Renouillers, 92700 Colombes, France; INSERM UMR1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris (IPNP), 102-108 rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France.
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Derome M, Zöller D, Modinos G, Schaer M, Eliez S, Debbané M. Developmental trajectories of subcortical structures in relation to dimensional schizotypy expression along adolescence. Schizophr Res 2020; 218:76-84. [PMID: 32081537 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Morphological abnormalities of subcortical structures have been consistently reported along the schizophrenia clinical spectrum, and they may play an important role in the pathophysiology of psychosis. However, the question arises whether these subcortical features are consequences of medication and illness chronicity, or if they contribute to the vulnerability to develop schizophrenia spectrum disorders. If some of the subcortical abnormalities could be evidenced in community adolescents expressing higher schizotypal traits (psychometric schizotypy), they could potentially shed light on vulnerability markers. To date, very few studies have examined the link between psychometric schizotypy and volumes of subcortical regions, and none of them have used a longitudinal design. This study sets out to investigate developmental trajectories of subcortical volumes in 110 community adolescents (12 to 20 years old), for whom MRI-scans were acquired over a period of 5 years, reaching a total of 297 scans. Analyses were conducted using Freesurfer, and schizotypal traits were measured with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Using mixed model regression analyses following a region-of-interest approach, we observed differential linear developmental trajectories in four subcortical structures when comparing higher versus lower scorers on the disorganized schizotypy dimension (bilateral hippocampus, left-lateral ventricle and left-pallidum) and the negative schizotypy dimension (bilateral pallidum, and right-thalamus). All results survived a threshold of p < .05 (FDR-corrected) while covarying for the effect of other psychological problems (externalized and internalized psychopathology). These results indicate that expression of higher levels of negative and disorganized schizotypy during adolescence was associated with neural markers linking schizotypy personality features to schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Derome
- Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Developmental Neuroimaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Daniela Zöller
- Developmental Neuroimaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Medical Image Processing Lab, Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
| | - Marie Schaer
- Developmental Neuroimaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Neuroimaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Debbané
- Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Developmental Neuroimaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom.
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11
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Katagiri N, Pantelis C, Nemoto T, Tsujino N, Saito J, Hori M, Yamaguchi T, Funatogawa T, Mizuno M. Longitudinal changes in striatum and sub-threshold positive symptoms in individuals with an 'at risk mental state' (ARMS). Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 285:25-30. [PMID: 30716687 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that several psychotic symptom changes observed in the 'at risk mental state' (ARMS) are associated with changes in the striatum. We investigated if structural changes in the striatum are associated with recovery of sub-threshold psychotic symptoms in subjects with an ARMS who did not develop psychosis (ARMS-N). Sixteen healthy controls and 42 subjects with an ARMS participated in this study. Striatal volumes (caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens) were analyzed using MRI. The sub-threshold psychotic symptoms of the subjects with an ARMS were measured using the SOPS. Imaging and symptoms were reevaluated after 52 weeks. Significant right putamen volume reduction was observed at the follow-up in ARMS-N subjects. Improvement in sub-threshold positive symptoms significantly correlated with an increase in volume in the right accumbens at follow up. No relationship was found for negative symptoms. From these findings, the association between improvement in sub-threshold positive symptoms and an increase in the volume of the right accumbens may suggest that changes in the accumbens, which is a major site for dopamine innervation, are associated with symptom recovery. These findings may point to neurobiological resilience that may be associated with lower transition to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Katagiri
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8541, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoritoka, Australia
| | - Takahiro Nemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8541, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohisa Tsujino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8541, Tokyo, Japan; Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital Psychiatry, Yokohama-City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junichi Saito
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8541, Tokyo, Japan; Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital Psychiatry, Yokohama-City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hori
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiju Yamaguchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8541, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Funatogawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8541, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Mizuno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8541, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Kuo SS, Pogue-Geile MF. Variation in fourteen brain structure volumes in schizophrenia: A comprehensive meta-analysis of 246 studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:85-94. [PMID: 30615934 PMCID: PMC6401304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite hundreds of structural MRI studies documenting smaller brain volumes on average in schizophrenia compared to controls, little attention has been paid to group differences in the variability of brain volumes. Examination of variability may help interpret mean group differences in brain volumes and aid in better understanding the heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Variability in 246 MRI studies was meta-analyzed for 13 structures that have shown medium to large mean effect sizes (Cohen's d≥0.4): intracranial volume, total brain volume, lateral ventricles, third ventricle, total gray matter, frontal gray matter, prefrontal gray matter, temporal gray matter, superior temporal gyrus gray matter, planum temporale, hippocampus, fusiform gyrus, insula; and a control structure, caudate nucleus. No significant differences in variability in cortical/subcortical volumes were detected in schizophrenia relative to controls. In contrast, increased variability was found in schizophrenia compared to controls for intracranial and especially lateral and third ventricle volumes. These findings highlight the need for more attention to ventricles and detailed analyses of brain volume distributions to better elucidate the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S Kuo
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 4209 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet St., Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA.
| | - Michael F Pogue-Geile
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 4209 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet St., Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA; Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 4207 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet St., Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA.
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13
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Singh H, Bhaumik U. Neuropsychiatric manifestations of gangliocapsular lesions: A case series. ARCHIVES OF MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/amh.amh_6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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14
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Covariation between motor signs and negative symptoms in drug-naive subjects with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders before and after antipsychotic treatment. Schizophr Res 2018; 200:85-91. [PMID: 28864283 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the covariation between negative symptoms and motor signs in a broad sample of drug-naïve subjects with schizophrenia-spectrum psychoses before and after inception of antipsychotic medication. METHODS One-hundred and eighty-nine antipsychotic-naïve subjects with DSM-IV schizophrenia-spectrum psychoses were assessed for negative symptoms including affective flattening, alogia, avolition/apathy and anhedonia/associality, and motor signs including catatonia, parkinsonism and dyskinesia. We examined the association between negative and motor features at baseline, 4-weeks after inception of antipsychotic treatment and that of their mean change over the treatment period, such as their trajectories and treatment response pattern. RESULTS At the drug-naïve state, motor signs were strongly related to affective flattening and alogia (p<0.01); at 4-weeks, most negative and motor features were significantly interrelated (p<0.01); mean change of motor signs and negative symptoms tended to be unrelated. This association pattern was irrespective of levels of positive symptoms. Ratings of negative symptoms, excepting affective flattening, improved after treatment (p<0.001) while motor ratings showed divergent trajectories with catatonia improving (p<0.001), parkinsonism worsening (p<0.001) and dyskinesia remaining unchanged (p>0.01). Although to a different extent, motor and negative features showed drug-responsive, drug-worsening, of drug-unchanged patterns of response to antipsychotic medication. The main predictors of negative and motor features in treated subjects were their corresponding baseline ratings (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Negative and motor features are differentiated, but to some extent, overlapping domains that are meaningfully influenced by antipsychotic medication. At the drug-naïve state, motor signs and the diminished expression domain of negative symptoms may share underlying neurobiological mechanisms.
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15
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Shon SH, Yoon W, Kim H, Joo SW, Kim Y, Lee J. Deterioration in Global Organization of Structural Brain Networks in Schizophrenia: A Diffusion MRI Tractography Study. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:272. [PMID: 29997531 PMCID: PMC6028716 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a heterogenous neuropsychiatric disorder with varying degrees of altered connectivity in a wide range of brain areas. Network analysis using graph theory allows researchers to integrate and quantify relationships between widespread changes in a network system. This study examined the organization of brain structural networks by applying diffusion MRI, probabilistic tractography, and network analysis to 48 schizophrenia patients and 24 healthy controls. T1-weighted MR images obtained from all participants were parcellated into 87 regions of interests (ROIs) according to a prior anatomical template and registered to diffusion-weighted images (DWI) of the same subjects. Probabilistic tractography was performed to obtain sets of white matter tracts between any two ROIs and determine the connection probabilities between them. Connectivity matrices were constructed using these estimated connectivity probabilities, and several network properties related to network effectiveness were calculated. Global efficiency, local efficiency, clustering coefficient, and mean connectivity strength were significantly lower in schizophrenia patients (p = 0.042, p = 0.011, p = 0.013, p = 0.046). Mean betweenness centrality was significantly higher in schizophrenia (p = 0.041). Comparisons of node wise properties showed trends toward differences in several brain regions. Nodal local efficiency was consistently lower in the basal ganglia, frontal, temporal, cingulate, diencephalon, and precuneus regions in the schizophrenia group. Inter-group differences in nodal degree and nodal betweenness centrality varied by region and showed inconsistent results. Robustness was not significantly different between the study groups. Significant positive correlations were found between t-score of color trails test part-1 and local efficiency and mean connectivity strength in the patient group. The findings of this study suggest that schizophrenia results in deterioration of the global network organization of the brain and reduced ability for information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Shon
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woon Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Harin Kim
- Korea Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sung Woo Joo
- Republic of Korea Marine Corps, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Yangsik Kim
- Graduated School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jungsun Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Evaluating accuracy of striatal, pallidal, and thalamic segmentation methods: Comparing automated approaches to manual delineation. Neuroimage 2018; 170:182-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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17
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Eggins PS, Hatton SN, Hermens DF, Hickie IB, Lagopoulos J. Subcortical volumetric differences between clinical stages of young people with affective and psychotic disorders. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 271:8-16. [PMID: 29216557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate differences in subcortical and hippocampal volumes between healthy controls, young people at an early stage of affective and psychotic disorders and those in more advanced stages, to identify markers associated with functional outcomes and illness severity. Young people presenting to youth mental health services with admixtures of depressive, manic and psychotic symptoms (n = 141), and healthy counterparts (n = 49), aged 18-25 were recruited. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging, clinical assessments and were rated as to their current clinical stage. Eighty-four patients were classified at the attenuated syndrome stage (Stage 1b) and 57 were classified as having discrete and persistent disorders (Stage 2+). Automated segmentation was performed using NeuroQuant® to determine volumes of subcortical and hippocampus structures which were compared between groups and correlated with clinical and functional outcomes. Compared to healthy controls, Stage 2+ patients showed significantly reduced right amygdala volumes. Whereas Stage 1b patients showed significantly reduced left caudate volumes compared to healthy controls. Smaller left caudate volume correlated with greater psychological distress and impaired functioning. This study shows a clinical application for an automated program to identify and track subcortical changes evident in young people with emerging psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peta S Eggins
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Sean N Hatton
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
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18
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Mørch-Johnsen L, Agartz I, Jensen J. The Neural Correlates of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Examples From MRI Literature. Clin EEG Neurosci 2018; 49:12-17. [PMID: 29243527 DOI: 10.1177/1550059417746214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia have a negative impact on psychosocial functioning and disease outcome. It is therefore important to investigate the pathophysiology underlying negative symptoms as this may aid the development of better treatment. In the current article, examples from studies investigating neural correlates of negative symptoms in schizophrenia are given. Investigations using both structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging are presented at different levels of symptomatology descriptions, from the more heterogenous construct of negative symptoms to more single discrete symptoms. Some methods to improve imaging studies of negative symptoms in schizophrenia are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Mørch-Johnsen
- 1 Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,2 NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- 1 Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,2 NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,3 Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Jensen
- 4 Centre for Psychology, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
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19
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Sumner PJ, Bell IH, Rossell SL. A systematic review of the structural neuroimaging correlates of thought disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 84:299-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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Kaiser S, Lyne J, Agartz I, Clarke M, Mørch-Johnsen L, Faerden A. Individual negative symptoms and domains - Relevance for assessment, pathomechanisms and treatment. Schizophr Res 2017; 186:39-45. [PMID: 27453425 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia can be divided into two domains. Avolition/apathy includes the individual symptoms of avolition, asociality and anhedonia. Diminished expression includes blunted affect and alogia. Until now, causes and treatment of negative symptoms have remained a major challenge, which is partially related to the focus on negative symptoms as a broad entity. Here, we propose that negative symptoms may become more tractable when the different domains and individual symptoms are taken into account. There is now increasing evidence that the relationship with clinical variables - in particular outcome - differs between the domains of avolition/apathy and diminished expression. Regarding models of negative symptom formation, those relevant to avolition/apathy are now converging on processes underlying goal-directed behavior and dysfunctions of the reward system. In contrast, models of the diminished expression domains are only beginning to emerge. The aim of this article is to review the specific clinical, behavioral and neural correlates of individual symptoms and domains as a better understanding of these areas may facilitate specific treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kaiser
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - John Lyne
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; North Dublin Mental Health Services, Ashlin Centre, Beaumont Road, Dublin 9, Ireland; Dublin and East Treatment and Early Care Team (DETECT) Services, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mary Clarke
- Dublin and East Treatment and Early Care Team (DETECT) Services, Dublin, Ireland; College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lynn Mørch-Johnsen
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann Faerden
- NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Forns-Nadal M, Bergé D, Sem F, Mané A, Igual L, Guinart D, Vilarroya O. Increased nucleus accumbens volume in first-episode psychosis. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 263:57-60. [PMID: 28340425 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleus accumbens has been reported as a key structure in the neurobiology of schizophrenia. Studies analyzing structural abnormalities have shown conflicting results, possibly related to confounding factors. We investigated the nucleus accumbens volume using manual delimitation in first-episode psychosis (FEP) controlling for age, cannabis use and medication. Thirty-one FEP subjects who were naive or minimally exposed to antipsychotics and a control group were MRI scanned and clinically assessed from baseline to 6 months of follow-up. FEP showed increased relative and total accumbens volumes. Clinical correlations with negative symptoms, duration of untreated psychosis and cannabis use were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Forns-Nadal
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Information Technologies, Internet Interdisciplinary Institute, Open University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Bergé
- Neuroscience group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Federico Sem
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Analysis of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Mané
- Neuroscience group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Igual
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Analysis of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Computer Vision Center, Edificio O, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, s/n, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Dani Guinart
- Neuroscience group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Oscar Vilarroya
- Neuroscience group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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22
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Van der Auwera S, Wittfeld K, Shumskaya E, Bralten J, Zwiers MP, Onnink AMH, Usberti N, Hertel J, Völzke H, Völker U, Hosten N, Franke B, Grabe HJ. Predicting brain structure in population-based samples with biologically informed genetic scores for schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:324-332. [PMID: 28304149 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with brain structural abnormalities including gray and white matter volume reductions. Whether these alterations are caused by genetic risk variants for schizophrenia is unclear. Previous attempts to detect associations between polygenic factors for schizophrenia and structural brain phenotypes in healthy subjects have been negative or remain non-replicated. In this study, we used genetic risk scores that were based on the accumulated effect of selected risk variants for schizophrenia belonging to specific biological systems like synaptic function, neurodevelopment, calcium signaling, and glutamatergic neurotransmission. We hypothesized that this "biologically informed" approach would provide the missing link between genetic risk for schizophrenia and brain structural phenotypes. We applied whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses in two population-based target samples and subsequent regions of interest (ROIs) analyses in an independent replication sample (total N = 2725). No consistent association between the genetic scores and brain volumes were observed in the investigated samples. These results suggest that in healthy subjects with a higher genetic risk for schizophrenia additional factors apart from common genetic variants (e.g., infection, trauma, rare genetic variants, or gene-gene interactions) are required to induce structural abnormalities of the brain. Further studies are recommended to test for possible gene-gene or gene-environment effects. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel P Zwiers
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Marten H Onnink
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niccolo Usberti
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Hertel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK-German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZD-German Centre for Diabetes Research, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and, Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
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23
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Guma E, Devenyi GA, Malla A, Shah J, Chakravarty MM, Pruessner M. Neuroanatomical and Symptomatic Sex Differences in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:291. [PMID: 29312018 PMCID: PMC5744013 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences have been widely observed in clinical presentation, functional outcome and neuroanatomy in individuals with a first-episode of psychosis, and chronic patients suffering from schizophrenia. However, little is known about sex differences in the high-risk stages for psychosis. The present study investigated sex differences in cortical and subcortical neuroanatomy in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis and healthy controls (CTL), and the relationship between anatomy and clinical symptoms in males at CHR. Magnetic resonance images were collected in 26 individuals at CHR (13 men) and 29 CTLs (15 men) to determine total and regional brain volumes and morphology, cortical thickness, and surface area (SA). Clinical symptoms were assessed with the brief psychiatric rating scale. Significant sex-by-diagnosis interactions were observed with opposite directions of effect in male and female CHR subjects relative to their same-sex controls in multiple cortical and subcortical areas. The right postcentral, left superior parietal, inferior parietal supramarginal, and angular gyri [<5% false discovery rate (FDR)] were thicker in male and thinner in female CHR subjects compared with their same-sex CTLs. The same pattern was observed in the right superior parietal gyrus SA at the regional and vertex level. Using a recently developed surface-based morphology pipeline, we observed sex-specific shape differences in the left hippocampus (<5% FDR) and amygdala (<10% FDR). Negative symptom burden was significantly higher in male compared with female CHR subjects (p = 0.04) and was positively associated with areal expansion of the left amygdala in males (<5% FDR). Some limitations of the study include the sample size, and data acquisition at 1.5 T. This study demonstrates neuroanatomical sex differences in CHR subjects, which may be associated with variations in symptomatology in men and women with psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Guma
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel A Devenyi
- Department of Psychiatry, Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Ashok Malla
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Jai Shah
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Marita Pruessner
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Kulikova EA, Bazovkina DV, Antonov YV, Akulov AE, Kulikov AV, Kondaurova EM. Alteration of the brain morphology and the response to the acute stress in the recombinant mouse lines with different predisposition to catalepsy. Neurosci Res 2016; 117:14-21. [PMID: 27884698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Catalepsy is an inability to correct an externally imposed awkward posture; it is associated with schizophrenia and depression in human. We created new recombinant B6.CBA-D13Mit76C and B6.CBA-D13Mit76B mouse lines on the C57Bl/6 genome, carrying the 102.73-110.56Mbp fragment of chromosome 13 derived from the catalepsy-prone CBA strain and catalepsy-resistant C57BL/6 strain, respectively. We compared the behavior and brain morphology (11.7T BioSpec 117/16 USR tomograph, Germany) in these lines. The effects of acute emotional stress on corticosterone's level in the blood and mRNA expression of Bdnf and Arc genes in the brain were investigated. The B6.CBA-D13Mit76B mice were non-cataleptic, while about 17% of B6.CBA-D13Mit76C mice demonstrated catalepsy-like immobility. No difference between these lines was revealed in the open field and social interaction tests. In the Morris water maze test, both lines effectively found the platform on the fourth day; however B6.CBA-D13Mit76B mice achieved significantly better results than cataleptic-prone animals. B6.CBA-D13Mit76C mice were characterized by decreased volume of the total brain and reduced sizes of striatum, cerebellum and pituitary gland. The both lines showed the similar basal and stress-induced levels of corticosterone, while the brain expression of Bdnf and Arc genes was more vulnerable to stress in the catalepsy-prone B6.CBA-D13Mit76C line.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Kulikova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - D V Bazovkina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Y V Antonov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A E Akulov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Kulikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E M Kondaurova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
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25
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Schuetze M, Park MTM, Cho IYK, MacMaster FP, Chakravarty MM, Bray SL. Morphological Alterations in the Thalamus, Striatum, and Pallidum in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2627-37. [PMID: 27125303 PMCID: PMC5026732 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with cognitive, motor, and emotional symptoms. The thalamus and basal ganglia form circuits with the cortex supporting all three of these behavioral domains. Abnormalities in the structure of subcortical regions may suggest atypical development of these networks, with implications for understanding the neural basis of ASD symptoms. Findings from previous volumetric studies have been inconsistent. Here, using advanced surface-based methodology, we investigated localized differences in shape and surface area in the basal ganglia and thalamus in ASD, using T1-weighted anatomical images from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (373 male participants aged 7-35 years with ASD and 384 typically developing). We modeled effects of diagnosis, age, and their interaction on volume, shape, and surface area. In participants with ASD, we found expanded surface area in the right posterior thalamus corresponding to the pulvinar nucleus, and a more concave shape in the left mediodorsal nucleus. The shape of both caudal putamen and pallidum showed a relatively steeper increase in concavity with age in ASD. Within ASD participants, restricted, repetitive behaviors were positively associated with surface area in bilateral globus pallidus. We found no differences in overall volume, suggesting that surface-based approaches have greater sensitivity to detect localized differences in subcortical structure. This work adds to a growing body of literature implicating corticobasal ganglia-thalamic circuits in the pathophysiology of ASD. These circuits subserve a range of cognitive, emotional, and motor functions, and may have a broad role in the complex symptom profile in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Schuetze
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, c/o Glenda Maru, 4th Floor, C4-100-07, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T3B 6A8, Tel: +1 403 955 2966, Fax: +1 403 955 2772, E-mail:
| | - Min Tae M Park
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada,Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ivy YK Cho
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Frank P MacMaster
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada,Strategic Clinical Network for Addictions and Mental Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada,Departments of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Signe L Bray
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Departments of Pediatrics and Radiology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
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26
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Glutamatergic Metabolites, Volume and Cortical Thickness in Antipsychotic-Naive Patients with First-Episode Psychosis: Implications for Excitotoxicity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2606-13. [PMID: 27272768 PMCID: PMC4987861 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies investigating patients with schizophrenia often report appreciable volumetric reductions and cortical thinning, yet the cause of these deficits is unknown. The association between subcortical and cortical structural alterations, and glutamatergic neurometabolites is of particular interest due to glutamate's capacity for neurotoxicity; elevated levels may be related to neuroanatomical compromise through an excitotoxic process. To this end, we explored the relationships between glutamatergic neurometabolites and structural measures in antipsychotic-naive patients experiencing their first non-affective episode of psychosis (FEP). Sixty antipsychotic-naive patients with FEP and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent a magnetic resonance imaging session, which included a T1-weighted volumetric image and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the precommissural dorsal caudate. Group differences in precommissural caudate volume (PCV) and cortical thickness (CT), and the relationships between glutamatergic neurometabolites (ie, glutamate+glutamine (Glx) and glutamate) and these structural measures, were examined. PCV was decreased in the FEP group (p<0.001), yet did not differ when controlling for total brain volume. Cortical thinning existed in the FEP group within frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and limbic regions at a 5% false discovery rate. Glx levels were negatively associated with PCV only in the FEP group (p=0.018). The observed relationship between Glx and PCV in the FEP group is supportive of a focal excitotoxic mechanism whereby increased levels of glutamatergic markers are related to local structural losses. This process may be related to the prominent structural deficits that exist in patients with schizophrenia.
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Jørgensen KN, Nesvåg R, Gunleiksrud S, Raballo A, Jönsson EG, Agartz I. First- and second-generation antipsychotic drug treatment and subcortical brain morphology in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:451-60. [PMID: 26547434 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-015-0650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic medication may influence brain structure, but to what extent effects of first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) differ is still not clear. Here we aimed to disentangle the effects of FGA and SGA on variation in volumes of subcortical structures in patients with long-term treated schizophrenia. Magnetic resonance images were obtained from 95 patients with schizophrenia and 106 healthy control subjects. Among the patients, 40 received only FGA and 42 received only SGA. FreeSurfer 5.3.0 was used to obtain volumes of 27 subcortical structures as well as total brain volume and estimated intracranial volume. Findings of reduced total brain volume, enlarged ventricular volume and reduced hippocampal volume bilaterally among patients were replicated, largely independent of medication class. In the basal ganglia, FGA users had larger putamen bilaterally and right caudate volume compared to healthy controls, and the right putamen was significantly larger than among SGA users. FGA and SGA users had similar and larger globus pallidus volumes compared to healthy controls. Post hoc analyses revealed that the difference between FGA and SGA could be attributed to smaller volumes in the clozapine users specifically. We therefore conclude that basal ganglia volume enlargements are not specific to FGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil N Jørgensen
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, P.O. Box 85, 0319, Vinderen, Oslo, Norway. .,NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ragnar Nesvåg
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, P.O. Box 85, 0319, Vinderen, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Genetics, Environment and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre Gunleiksrud
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, P.O. Box 85, 0319, Vinderen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea Raballo
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, P.O. Box 85, 0319, Vinderen, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, HUBIN Project, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, P.O. Box 85, 0319, Vinderen, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, HUBIN Project, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Mamah D, Alpert KI, Barch DM, Csernansky JG, Wang L. Subcortical neuromorphometry in schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 11:276-286. [PMID: 26977397 PMCID: PMC4781974 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Disorders within the schizophrenia spectrum genetically overlap with bipolar disorder, yet questions remain about shared biological phenotypes. Investigation of brain structure in disease has been enhanced by developments in shape analysis methods that can identify subtle regional surface deformations. Our study aimed to identify brain structure surface deformations that were common across related psychiatric disorders, and characterize differences. Methods Using the automated FreeSurfer-initiated Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping, we examined volumes and shapes of seven brain structures: hippocampus, amygdala, caudate, nucleus accumbens, putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus. We compared findings in controls (CON; n = 40), and those with schizophrenia (SCZ; n = 52), schizotypal personality disorder (STP; n = 12), psychotic bipolar disorder (P-BP; n = 49) and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder (N-BP; n = 24), aged 15–35. Relationships between morphometric measures and positive, disorganized and negative symptoms were also investigated. Results Inward deformation was present in the posterior thalamus in SCZ, P-BP and N-BP; and in the subiculum of the hippocampus in SCZ and STP. Most brain structures however showed unique shape deformations across groups. Correcting for intracranial size resulted in volumetric group differences for caudate (p < 0.001), putamen (p < 0.01) and globus pallidus (p < 0.001). Shape analysis showed dispersed patterns of expansion on the basal ganglia in SCZ. Significant clinical relationships with hippocampal, amygdalar and thalamic volumes were observed. Conclusions Few similarities in surface deformation patterns were seen across groups, which may reflect differing neuropathologies. Posterior thalamic contraction in SCZ and BP suggest common genetic or environmental antecedents. Surface deformities in SCZ basal ganglia may have been due to antipsychotic drug effects. Shape analysis identified structural abnormalities in psychiatric disorders, where volume analysis did not Few similarities in surface deformation patterns were seen across diagnostic groups Posterior thalamic contraction was seen in both schizophrenia and bipolar patients Expansion of basal ganglia regions were seen in schizophrenia patients
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mamah
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, United States.
| | - Kathryn I Alpert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, United States; Department of Psychology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, United States; Department of Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, United States
| | - John G Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
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29
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McCollum LA, McCullumsmith RE, Roberts RC. Tyrosine hydroxylase localization in the nucleus accumbens in schizophrenia. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 221:4451-4458. [PMID: 26740229 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) has been implicated in schizophrenia (SZ) pathology, based on antipsychotic action therein. However, recent imaging studies suggest that the NAcc may not be a locus of dopamine dysregulation in SZ. This study examined postmortem human tissue to determine if abnormalities are present in dopamine synthesis in the NAcc in SZ. We compared the immunohistochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting synthesizing enzyme of dopamine, in postmortem tissue from SZ subjects and demographically matched controls. To study the effects of chronic antipsychotic drug (APD) treatment on TH immunolabeling in the NAcc, rats were treated for 6 months with haloperidol or olanzapine. In the NAcc, TH immunolabeling was similar in control and SZ subjects, in both the core and shell. Rats had similar TH optical density levels across treatment groups in both the core and shell. Similar levels of TH suggest DA synthesis may be normal. These findings provide further insight into the role of the NAcc in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A McCollum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Center 865D, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Robert E McCullumsmith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Rosalinda C Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Center 865D, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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30
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Hong SB, Lee TY, Kwak YB, Kim SN, Kwon JS. Baseline putamen volume as a predictor of positive symptom reduction in patients at clinical high risk for psychosis: A preliminary study. Schizophr Res 2015; 169:178-185. [PMID: 26527246 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Illness course in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) status for psychosis is heterogeneous, which limits effective treatment for all CHR subgroups. Baseline predictors of positive symptom trajectory in the CHR group will reduce such limitations. We singled out the putamen, thought to be involved in the generation of the key schizophrenia symptoms early in the course of disease, as a potential predictor of positive symptom trajectory in CHR patients. METHOD We recruited 45 CHR patients and 29 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC). The CHR group was divided into patients with positive symptom reduction (CHR-R) and patients without positive symptom reduction (CHR-NR) at 6 months. Comparisons were made between the baseline putamen volumes of CHR-R, CHR-NR and HC groups. The relationship between baseline putamen volumes and clinical measures was investigated. RESULTS Left putamen volumes of CHR-R patients were significantly smaller than those of HCs (p=0.002) and of CHR-NR patients (p=0.024). CHR-R patients had significantly reduced leftward laterality compared to HCs (p=0.007). In the CHR-R group, bilateral putamen volumes were correlated with positive symptom severity at baseline (r=-0.552, p=0.001) and at 6 months (r=-0.360, p=0.043), and predicted positive symptom score change in 6 months at a trend level (p=0.092). CONCLUSION Smaller left putamen volumes in CHR-R patients, and the correlation between positive symptom severity and putamen volumes suggest that putamen volume is a possible risk-stratifier and predictor of clinical course in the CHR population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Bin Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoo Bin Kwak
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of National Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of National Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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31
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Malone JC, Liu SR, Vaillant GE, Rentz DM, Waldinger RJ. Midlife Eriksonian psychosocial development: Setting the stage for late-life cognitive and emotional health. Dev Psychol 2015; 52:496-508. [PMID: 26551530 DOI: 10.1037/a0039875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Erikson's (1950) model of adult psychosocial development outlines the significance of successful involvement within one's relationships, work, and community for healthy aging. He theorized that the consequences of not meeting developmental challenges included stagnation and emotional despair. Drawing on this model, the present study uses prospective longitudinal data to examine how the quality of assessed Eriksonian psychosocial development in midlife relates to late-life cognitive and emotional functioning. In particular we were interested to see whether late-life depression mediated the relationship between Eriksonian development and specific domains of cognitive functioning (i.e., executive functioning and memory). Participants were 159 men from the over-75 year longitudinal Study of Adult Development. The sample was comprised of men from both higher and lower socioeconomic strata. Eriksonian psychosocial development was coded from men's narrative responses to interviews between the ages of 30-47 (Vaillant & Milofsky, 1980). In late life (ages 75-85) men completed a performance-based neuropsychological assessment measuring global cognitive status, executive functioning, and memory. In addition depressive symptomatology was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale. Our results indicated that higher midlife Eriksonian psychosocial development was associated with stronger global cognitive functioning and executive functioning, and lower levels of depression 3 to 4 decades later. There was no significant association between Eriksonian development and late-life memory. Late-life depression mediated the relationship between Eriksonian development and both global cognition and executive functioning. All of these results controlled for highest level of education and adolescent intelligence. Findings have important implications for understanding the lasting benefits of psychosocial engagement in mid-adulthood for late-life cognitive and emotional health. In addition, it may be that less successful psychosocial development increases levels of depression making individuals more vulnerable to specific areas of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dorene M Rentz
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital
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32
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Duan M, Chen X, He H, Jiang Y, Jiang S, Xie Q, Lai Y, Luo C, Yao D. Altered Basal Ganglia Network Integration in Schizophrenia. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:561. [PMID: 26528167 PMCID: PMC4600918 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia involve in a range of functions that are disturbed in schizophrenia patients. This study decomposed the resting-state data of 28 schizophrenia patients and 31 healthy controls with spatial independent component analysis and identified increased functional integration in the bilateral caudate nucleus in schizophrenia patients. Further, the caudate nucleus in patients showed altered functional connection with the prefrontal area and cerebellum. These results identified the importance of basal ganglia in schizophrenia patients. Clinical Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Registration number ChiCTR-RCS-14004878.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Duan
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China ; The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu , Chengdu , China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
| | - Hui He
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
| | - Yuchao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
| | - Sisi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
| | - Qiankun Xie
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
| | - Yongxiu Lai
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
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33
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Walther S. Psychomotor symptoms of schizophrenia map on the cerebral motor circuit. Psychiatry Res 2015; 233:293-8. [PMID: 26319293 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating disorder thought to result mainly from cerebral pathology. Neuroimaging studies have provided a wealth of findings of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia. However, we are still far from understanding how particular symptoms can result from aberrant brain function. In this context, the high prevalence of motor symptoms in schizophrenia such as catatonia, neurological soft signs, parkinsonism, and abnormal involuntary movements is of particular interest. Here, the neuroimaging correlates of these motor symptoms are reviewed. For all investigated motor symptoms, neural correlates were found within the cerebral motor system. However, only a limited set of results exists for hypokinesia and neurological soft signs, while catatonia, abnormal involuntary movements and parkinsonian signs still remain understudied with neuroimaging methods. Soft signs have been associated with altered brain structure and function in cortical premotor and motor areas as well as cerebellum and thalamus. Hypokinesia is suggested to result from insufficient interaction of thalamocortical loops within the motor system. Future studies are needed to address the neural correlates of motor abnormalities in prodromal states, changes during the course of the illness, and the specific pathophysiology of catatonia, dyskinesia and parkinsonism in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Walther
- University of Bern, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Bern, Switzerland.
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34
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Distinct structural neural patterns of trait physical and social anhedonia: evidence from cortical thickness, subcortical volumes and inter-regional correlations. Psychiatry Res 2014; 224:184-91. [PMID: 25288478 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia is an enduring trait accounting for the reduced capacity to experience pleasure. Few studies have investigated the brain structural features associated with trait anhedonia. In this study, the relationships between cortical thickness, volume of subcortical structures and scores on the Chapman physical and social anhedonia scales were examined in a non-clinical sample (n=72, 35 males). FreeSurfer was used to examine the cortical thickness and the volume of six identified subcortical structures related to trait anhedonia. We found that the cortical thickness of the superior frontal gyrus and the volume of the pallidum in the left hemisphere were correlated with anhedonia scores in both physical and social aspects. Specifically, positive correlations were found between levels of social anhedonia and the thickness of the postcentral and the inferior parietal gyri. Cortico-subcortical inter-correlations between these clusters were also observed. Our findings revealed distinct correlation patterns of neural substrates with trait physical and social anhedonia in a non-clinical sample. These findings contribute to the understanding of the pathologies underlying the anhedonia phenotype in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.
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35
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Chakravarty MM, Rapoport JL, Giedd JN, Raznahan A, Shaw P, Collins DL, Lerch JP, Gogtay N. Striatal shape abnormalities as novel neurodevelopmental endophenotypes in schizophrenia: a longitudinal study. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 36:1458-69. [PMID: 25504933 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There are varying, often conflicting, reports with respect to altered striatal volume and morphometry in the major psychoses due to the influences of antipsychotic medications on striatal volume. Thus, disassociating disease effects from those of medication become exceedingly difficult. For the first time, using a longitudinally studied sample of structural magnetic resonance images from patients with childhood onset schizophrenia (COS; neurobiologically contiguous with the adult onset form of schizophrenia), their nonpsychotic siblings (COSSIBs), and novel shape mapping algorithms that are volume independent, we report the familial contribution of striatal morphology in schizophrenia. The results of our volumetric analyses demonstrate age-related increases in overall striatal volumes specific only to COS. However, both COS and COSSIBs showed overlapping shape differences in the striatal head, which normalized in COSSIBs by late adolescence. These results mirror previous studies from our group, demonstrating cortical thickness deficits in COS and COSSIBs as these deficits normalize in COSSIBs in the same age range as our striatal findings. Finally, there is a single region of nonoverlapping outward displacement in the dorsal aspect of the caudate body, potentially indicative of a response to medication. Striatal shape may be considered complimentary to volume as an endophenotype, and, in some cases may provide information that is not detectable using standard volumetric techniques. Our striatal shape findings demonstrate the striking localization of abnormalities in striatal the head. The neuroanatomical localization of these findings suggest the presence of abnormalities in the striatal-prefrontal circuits in schizophrenia and resilience mechanisms in COSSIBs with age dependent normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Koch K, Rus OG, Reeß TJ, Schachtzabel C, Wagner G, Schultz CC, Sorg C, Schlösser RGM. Functional connectivity and grey matter volume of the striatum in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2014; 205:204-13. [PMID: 25012683 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the dopaminergic reward system, predominantly the striatum, constitute core characteristics of schizophrenia. AIMS Functional connectivity of the dorsal striatum during reward-related trial-and-error learning was investigated in 17 people with schizophrenia and 18 healthy volunteers and related to striatal grey matter volume and psychopathology. METHOD We used voxel-based morphometry and psychophysiological interaction to examine striatal volume and connectivity. RESULTS A reduced functional connectivity between left striatum and temporo-occipital areas, precuneus and insula could be detected in the schizophrenia group. The positive correlation between grey matter volume and functional connectivity of the left striatum yielded significant results in a very similar network. Connectivity of the left striatum was negatively correlated with negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Present results suggest a disruption in striatal functional connectivity that is closely linked to grey matter morphometry of the striatum. Decreased connectivity between the striatum and psychopathologically relevant networks may explain the emergence of negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Koch
- Kathrin Koch, PhD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Oana Georgiana Rus, MA, Tim Jonas Reeß, MA, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Claudia Schachtzabel, MA, Gerd Wagner, PhD, C. Christoph Schultz, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Christian Sorg, MD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; Ralf G. M. Schlösser, Prof. MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Oana Georgiana Rus
- Kathrin Koch, PhD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Oana Georgiana Rus, MA, Tim Jonas Reeß, MA, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Claudia Schachtzabel, MA, Gerd Wagner, PhD, C. Christoph Schultz, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Christian Sorg, MD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; Ralf G. M. Schlösser, Prof. MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tim Jonas Reeß
- Kathrin Koch, PhD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Oana Georgiana Rus, MA, Tim Jonas Reeß, MA, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Claudia Schachtzabel, MA, Gerd Wagner, PhD, C. Christoph Schultz, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Christian Sorg, MD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; Ralf G. M. Schlösser, Prof. MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Schachtzabel
- Kathrin Koch, PhD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Oana Georgiana Rus, MA, Tim Jonas Reeß, MA, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Claudia Schachtzabel, MA, Gerd Wagner, PhD, C. Christoph Schultz, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Christian Sorg, MD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; Ralf G. M. Schlösser, Prof. MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Kathrin Koch, PhD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Oana Georgiana Rus, MA, Tim Jonas Reeß, MA, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Claudia Schachtzabel, MA, Gerd Wagner, PhD, C. Christoph Schultz, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Christian Sorg, MD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; Ralf G. M. Schlösser, Prof. MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - C Christoph Schultz
- Kathrin Koch, PhD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Oana Georgiana Rus, MA, Tim Jonas Reeß, MA, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Claudia Schachtzabel, MA, Gerd Wagner, PhD, C. Christoph Schultz, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Christian Sorg, MD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; Ralf G. M. Schlösser, Prof. MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Kathrin Koch, PhD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Oana Georgiana Rus, MA, Tim Jonas Reeß, MA, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Claudia Schachtzabel, MA, Gerd Wagner, PhD, C. Christoph Schultz, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Christian Sorg, MD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; Ralf G. M. Schlösser, Prof. MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf G M Schlösser
- Kathrin Koch, PhD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Oana Georgiana Rus, MA, Tim Jonas Reeß, MA, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Claudia Schachtzabel, MA, Gerd Wagner, PhD, C. Christoph Schultz, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Christian Sorg, MD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; Ralf G. M. Schlösser, Prof. MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Kido M, Nakamura Y, Nemoto K, Takahashi T, Aleksic B, Furuichi A, Nakamura Y, Ikeda M, Noguchi K, Kaibuchi K, Iwata N, Ozaki N, Suzuki M. The polymorphism of YWHAE, a gene encoding 14-3-3epsilon, and brain morphology in schizophrenia: a voxel-based morphometric study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103571. [PMID: 25105667 PMCID: PMC4126687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background YWHAE is a possible susceptibility gene for schizophrenia that encodes 14-3-3epsilon, a Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1)-interacting molecule, but the effect of variation in its genotype on brain morphology remains largely unknown. Methods In this voxel-based morphometric magnetic resonance imaging study, we conducted whole-brain analyses regarding the effects of YWHAE single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs28365859, rs11655548, and rs9393) and DISC1 SNP (rs821616) on gray matter volume in a Japanese sample of 72 schizophrenia patients and 86 healthy controls. On the basis of a previous animal study, we also examined the effect of rs28365859 genotype specifically on hippocampal volume. Results Whole-brain analyses showed no significant genotype effect of these SNPs on gray matter volume in all subjects, but we found significant genotype-by-diagnosis interaction for rs28365859 in the left insula and right putamen. The protective C allele carriers of rs28365859 had a significantly larger left insula than the G homozygotes only for schizophrenia patients, while the controls with G allele homozygosity had a significantly larger right putamen than the C allele carriers. The C allele carriers had a larger right hippocampus than the G allele homozygotes in schizophrenia patients, but not in healthy controls. No significant interaction was found between rs28365859 and DISC1 SNP on gray matter volume. Conclusions These different effects of the YWHAE (rs28365859) genotype on brain morphology in schizophrenia and healthy controls suggest that variation in its genotype might be, at least partly, related to the abnormal neurodevelopment, including in the limbic regions, reported in schizophrenia. Our results also suggest its specific role among YWHAE SNPs in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Kido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yukako Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Furuichi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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Foussias G, Agid O, Fervaha G, Remington G. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia: clinical features, relevance to real world functioning and specificity versus other CNS disorders. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:693-709. [PMID: 24275699 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Negative symptoms have long been recognized as a central feature of the phenomenology of schizophrenia, dating back to the early descriptions by Kraepelin and Bleuler. Over the ensuing century, there have been important clarifications and reconceptualizations regarding the phenomenology of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. This review explores these developments, including the delineation of two underlying subdomains of negative symptoms - amotivation (i.e., avolition/apathy and asociality) and diminished expression (i.e., poverty of speech and affective flattening). Further, advances in our understanding of specific motivational and hedonic deficits seen in schizophrenia are explored. The findings that negative symptoms stand apart from depressive and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia are also discussed. In terms of the predictors of functional outcomes in schizophrenia, we explore both the direct role of negative symptoms in this regard, as well as their indirect role through cognition. We then broaden our examination of negative symptoms to related disorders across the schizophrenia spectrum, as well as to other neuropsychiatric illnesses, where negative symptoms have been increasingly recognized. We explore the differential characteristics of negative symptoms across these illnesses, and their relevance to functional outcomes. This transdiagnostic presence and relevance of negative symptoms highlights the need for continued exploration of their phenomenology and neurobiology as we move to develop effective interventions to address these debilitating symptoms and improve functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Foussias
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
| | - Ofer Agid
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Gagan Fervaha
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Gary Remington
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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Smith MJ, Cobia DJ, Wang L, Alpert KI, Cronenwett WJ, Goldman MB, Mamah D, Barch DM, Breiter HC, Csernansky JG. Cannabis-related working memory deficits and associated subcortical morphological differences in healthy individuals and schizophrenia subjects. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:287-99. [PMID: 24342821 PMCID: PMC3932091 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbt176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis use is associated with working memory (WM) impairments; however, the relationship between cannabis use and WM neural circuitry is unclear. We examined whether a cannabis use disorder (CUD) was associated with differences in brain morphology between control subjects with and without a CUD and between schizophrenia subjects with and without a CUD, and whether these differences related to WM and CUD history. Subjects group-matched on demographics included 44 healthy controls, 10 subjects with a CUD history, 28 schizophrenia subjects with no history of substance use disorders, and 15 schizophrenia subjects with a CUD history. Large-deformation high-dimensional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging was used to obtain surface-based representations of the striatum, globus pallidus, and thalamus, compared across groups, and correlated with WM and CUD history. Surface maps were generated to visualize morphological differences. There were significant cannabis-related parametric decreases in WM across groups. Similar cannabis-related shape differences were observed in the striatum, globus pallidus, and thalamus in controls and schizophrenia subjects. Cannabis-related striatal and thalamic shape differences correlated with poorer WM and younger age of CUD onset in both groups. Schizophrenia subjects demonstrated cannabis-related neuroanatomical differences that were consistent and exaggerated compared with cannabis-related differences found in controls. The cross-sectional results suggest that both CUD groups were characterized by WM deficits and subcortical neuroanatomical differences. Future longitudinal studies could help determine whether cannabis use contributes to these observed shape differences or whether they are biomarkers of a vulnerability to the effects of cannabis that predate its misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 N. Lake Shore Drive, 13th Floor, Abbott Hall, Chicago, IL 60611, US; tel: 1-312-503-2542, fax: 1-312-503-0527, e-mail:
| | - Derin J. Cobia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL;,Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Kathryn I. Alpert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Will J. Cronenwett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Morris B. Goldman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Daniel Mamah
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | | | - Hans C. Breiter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL;,Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL,Denotes shared senior authorship on this article
| | - John G. Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL;,Denotes shared senior authorship on this article
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Houthoofd S, Morrens M, Hulstijn W, Sabbe B. Differentiation between deviant trajectory planning, action planning, and reduced psychomotor speed in schizophrenia. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2013; 18:284-303. [PMID: 23121083 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2012.708654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormal psychomotor behaviour in schizophrenia might be based on separate deficits. Here we studied the relationship between trajectory planning, action planning, psychomotor speed, and indices of cognitive functioning in a large group of stabilised patients with schizophrenia. METHOD Sixty-one patients and 30 controls were tested. Trajectory planning was assessed in a graphic task in which sequences of single lines, gradually changing in direction, had to be drawn. Shifts to a comfortable drawing direction reflect anticipatory trajectory planning. Action planning was evaluated in a task in which figures varying in complexity and familiarity had to be copied. Psychomotor speed was measured by use of a simple line copying task. Measures of information processing speed, attention, working memory, and problem solving were derived from neuropsychological tests. RESULTS Patients much more often opted for the unusual bottom-to-top direction to draw the vertical lines in the drawing task. They changed the line orientation less often than the controls did. In the patient group, these trajectory planning indices did not correlate with measures of action planning, psychomotor speed, or neuropsychological test scores. CONCLUSION Deviant trajectory planning strongly characterises schizophrenia, and is independent from action planning deficits and reduced psychomotor speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Houthoofd
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Antwerp, Belgium.
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Dennison M, Whittle S, Yücel M, Vijayakumar N, Kline A, Simmons J, Allen NB. Mapping subcortical brain maturation during adolescence: evidence of hemisphere- and sex-specific longitudinal changes. Dev Sci 2013; 16:772-91. [PMID: 24033581 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Early to mid-adolescence is an important developmental period for subcortical brain maturation, but longitudinal studies of these neurodevelopmental changes are lacking. The present study acquired repeated magnetic resonance images from 60 adolescent subjects (28 female) at ages 12.5 and 16.5 years to map changes in subcortical structure volumes. Automated segmentation techniques optimized for longitudinal measurement were used to delineate volumes of the caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, pallidum, hippocampus, thalamus and the whole brain. Amygdala volumes were described using manual tracing methods. The results revealed heterogeneous maturation across the regions of interest (ROIs), and change was differentially moderated by sex and hemisphere. The caudate, thalamus and putamen declined in volume, more for females relative to males, and decreases in the putamen and thalamus were greater in the left hemisphere. The pallidum increased in size, but more so in the left hemisphere. While the left nucleus accumbens increased in size, the right accumbens decreased in size over the follow-up period. Increases in hippocampal volume were greater in the right hemisphere. While amygdala volume did not change over time, the left hemisphere was consistently larger than the right. These results suggest that subcortical brain development from early to middle adolescence is characterized by striking hemispheric specialization and sexual dimorphisms, and provide a framework for interpreting normal and abnormal changes in cognition, affect and behavior. Moreover, the differences in findings compared to previous cross-sectional research emphasize the importance of within-subject assessment of brain development during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Dennison
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
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McClure R, Styner M, Maltbie E, Lieberman J, Gouttard S, Gerig G, Shi X, Zhu H. Localized differences in caudate and hippocampal shape are associated with schizophrenia but not antipsychotic type. Psychiatry Res 2013; 211:1-10. [PMID: 23142194 PMCID: PMC3557605 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Caudate and hippocampal volume differences in patients with schizophrenia are associated with disease and antipsychotic treatment, but local shape alterations have not been thoroughly examined. Schizophrenia patients randomly assigned to haloperidol and olanzapine treatment underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3, 6, and 12 months. The caudate and hippocampus were represented as medial representations (M-reps); mesh structures derived from automatic segmentations of high resolution MRIs. Two quantitative shape measures were examined: local width and local deformation. A novel nonparametric statistical method, adjusted exponentially tilted (ET) likelihood, was used to compare the shape measures across the three groups while controlling for covariates. Longitudinal shape change was not observed in the hippocampus or caudate when the treatment groups and controls were examined in a global analysis, nor when the three groups were examined individually. Both baseline and repeated measures analysis showed differences in local caudate and hippocampal size between patients and controls, while no consistent differences were shown between treatment groups. Regionally specific differences in local hippocampal and caudate shape are present in schizophrenic patients. Treatment-related related longitudinal shape change was not observed within the studied timeframe. Our results provide additional evidence for disrupted cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits in schizophrenia. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION This longitudinal study was conducted from March 1, 1997 to July 31, 2001 at 14 academic medical centers (11 in the United States, one in Canada, one in the Netherlands, and one in England). This study was performed prior to the establishment of centralized registries of federally and privately supported clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert McClure
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Martin Styner
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Corresponding Author: Martin Styner, University of North Carolina, CB 7160, Department of Psychiatry, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, Telephone: (919) 843-1092, Fax: (919) 966- 7225,
| | - Eric Maltbie
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sylvain Gouttard
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Guido Gerig
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Differences in subcortical structures in young adolescents at familial risk for schizophrenia: a preliminary study. Psychiatry Res 2012; 204:68-74. [PMID: 23146250 PMCID: PMC3518556 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been associated with reduced volumes of subcortical structures on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but the relation of these reductions to familial risk for the disorder is unclear. We investigated the effect of familial risk for schizophrenia on regional subcortical volumes during adolescence, a period marked by steep maturational changes in brain structure and the emergence of psychotic symptoms. A group of 26 non-help-seeking, first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia and 43 matched healthy comparisons, between 9 and 18 years of age, underwent MRI scanning and were rated for the presence of prodromal symptoms. Five subcortical regions-of-interest were tested for group differences and group by age interactions, as well as correlations with low-level prodromal symptoms in the familial risk group. Relative to comparisons, familial risk subjects demonstrated greater positive volume-age relationships in hippocampus, putamen, and globus pallidus. These results suggest that relatives of individuals with schizophrenia exhibit structural abnormalities in the subcortex as early as pre-adolescence, which may reflect altered neurodevelopment of these regions.
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Karageorgiou E, Schulz SC, Gollub RL, Andreasen NC, Ho BC, Lauriello J, Calhoun VD, Bockholt HJ, Sponheim SR, Georgopoulos AP. Neuropsychological testing and structural magnetic resonance imaging as diagnostic biomarkers early in the course of schizophrenia and related psychoses. Neuroinformatics 2012; 9:321-33. [PMID: 21246418 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-010-9094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Making an accurate diagnosis of schizophrenia and related psychoses early in the course of the disease is important for initiating treatment and counseling patients and families. In this study, we developed classification models for early disease diagnosis using structural MRI (sMRI) and neuropsychological (NP) testing. We used sMRI measurements and NP test results from 28 patients with recent-onset schizophrenia and 47 healthy subjects, drawn from the larger sample of the Mind Clinical Imaging Consortium. We developed diagnostic models based on Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) following two approaches; namely, (a) stepwise (STP) LDA on the original measurements, and (b) LDA on variables created through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and selected using the Humphrey-Ilgen parallel analysis. Error estimation of the modeling algorithms was evaluated by leave-one-out external cross-validation. These analyses were performed on sMRI and NP variables separately and in combination. The following classification accuracy was obtained for different variables and modeling algorithms. sMRI only: (a) STP-LDA: 64.3% sensitivity and 76.6% specificity, (b) PCA-LDA: 67.9% sensitivity and 72.3% specificity. NP only: (a) STP-LDA: 71.4% sensitivity and 80.9% specificity, (b) PCA-LDA: 78.5% sensitivity and 91.5% specificity. Combined sMRI-NP: (a) STP-LDA: 64.3% sensitivity and 83.0% specificity, (b) PCA-LDA: 89.3% sensitivity and 93.6% specificity. (i) Maximal diagnostic accuracy was achieved by combining sMRI and NP variables. (ii) NP variables were more informative than sMRI, indicating that cognitive deficits can be detected earlier than volumetric structural abnormalities. (iii) PCA-LDA yielded more accurate classification than STP-LDA. As these sMRI and NP tests are widely available, they can increase accuracy of early intervention strategies and possibly be used in evaluating treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissaios Karageorgiou
- Brain Sciences Center (11B), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
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Roussotte F, Soderberg L, Warner T, Narr K, Lebel C, Behnke M, Davis-Eyler F, Sowell E. Adolescents with prenatal cocaine exposure show subtle alterations in striatal surface morphology and frontal cortical volumes. J Neurodev Disord 2012; 4:22. [PMID: 22958316 PMCID: PMC3488340 DOI: 10.1186/1866-1955-4-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Published structural neuroimaging studies of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) in humans have yielded somewhat inconsistent results, with several studies reporting no significant differences in brain structure between exposed subjects and controls. Here, we sought to clarify some of these discrepancies by applying methodologies that allow for the detection of subtle alterations in brain structure. Methods We applied surface-based anatomical modeling methods to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to examine regional changes in the shape and volume of the caudate and putamen in adolescents with prenatal cocaine exposure (n = 40, including 28 exposed participants and 12 unexposed controls, age range 14 to 16 years). We also sought to determine whether changes in regional brain volumes in frontal and subcortical regions occurred in adolescents with PCE compared to control participants. Results The overall volumes of the caudate and putamen did not significantly differ between PCE participants and controls. However, we found significant (P <0.05, uncorrected) effects of levels of prenatal exposure to cocaine on regional patterns of striatal morphology. Higher levels of prenatal cocaine exposure were associated with expansion of certain striatal subregions and with contraction in others. Volumetric analyses revealed no significant changes in the volume of any subcortical region of interest, but there were subtle group differences in the volumes of some frontal cortical regions, in particular reduced volumes of caudal middle frontal cortices and left lateral orbitofrontal cortex in exposed participants compared to controls. Conclusions Prenatal cocaine exposure may lead to subtle and regionally specific patterns of regional dysmorphology in the striatum and volumetric changes in the frontal lobes. The localized and bidirectional nature of effects may explain in part the contradictions in the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Roussotte
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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46
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Hirjak D, Wolf RC, Stieltjes B, Seidl U, Schröder J, Thomann PA. Neurological soft signs and subcortical brain morphology in recent onset schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:533-9. [PMID: 22316638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minor motor and sensory deficits or neurological soft signs (NSS) are frequently found in patients with schizophrenia at any stage of their illness. The thalamus and basal ganglia are accepted as being important for both motor control and integration of sensory input. However, whether NSS are related to alterations of these brain regions remains controversial. METHOD Twenty patients with recent onset schizophrenia were investigated using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 Tesla. NSS were examined on the Heidelberg Scale after remission of acute symptoms and related to both volumetric and shape measurements of thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus, respectively. Age, education, medication and duration of illness were considered as potential confounders. RESULTS NSS were associated with structural alterations predominantly in the thalamus, the left caudate nucleus, and in the right globus pallidus. According to shape analyses these associations referred to regionally specific morphometric alterations rather than to global atrophy of the respective structures. CONCLUSION Our findings provide new insights into the association of NSS with brain morphometric alterations and lend further support to an involvement of multiple subcortical regions in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Hirjak
- Structural Neuroimaging Group, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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47
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Ettinger U, Schmechtig A, Toulopoulou T, Borg C, Orrells C, Owens S, Matsumoto K, van Haren NE, Hall MH, Kumari V, McGuire PK, Murray RM, Picchioni M. Prefrontal and striatal volumes in monozygotic twins concordant and discordant for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2012; 38:192-203. [PMID: 20538831 PMCID: PMC3245600 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbq060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Frontostriatal networks mediating important cognitive and motor functions have been shown to be abnormal structurally and functionally in schizophrenia. However, the influence of genetic risk for schizophrenia on structural abnormalities in these areas is not well established. This study therefore aimed to investigate prefrontal and striatal volume alterations in schizophrenia and to define the extent to which they are dependent on genetic vulnerability for the condition. We employed structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) in monozygotic (MZ) twins with or without schizophrenia. A sample of 129 twins completed sMRI, consisting of 21 MZ twin pairs concordant for schizophrenia, 17 MZ schizophrenic twins and 18 MZ nonschizophrenic twins drawn from 19 pairs discordant for schizophrenia, and 26 MZ control twin pairs without schizophrenia. Groups did not significantly differ in age, gender, handedness, height, level of education, parental socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. Using a region-of-interest approach, we measured the gray matter volumes (in cm(3)) of superior, middle, inferior, and orbital frontal cortices (SFC, MFC, IFC, and OFC, respectively); the caudate; and putamen. Covarying for whole-brain volume, age, and gender, we found that concordant but not discordant twins with schizophrenia had significantly lower volumes of MFC and OFC than control twins. In contrast, both patient groups had significantly lower SFC volumes than both groups of nonschizophrenic twins. There were no significant group differences in IFC and the striatum. We conclude that the prefrontal cortex shows a heterogeneous pattern of genetic influences on volumetric reductions in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Ettinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Anne Schmechtig
- King's College London, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Timothea Toulopoulou
- King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Charmaine Borg
- King's College London, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Claire Orrells
- King's College London, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Sheena Owens
- King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Kazunori Matsumoto
- King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Neeltje E. van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mei-Hua Hall
- Psychology Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veena Kumari
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Philip K. McGuire
- King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Robin M. Murray
- King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Marco Picchioni
- King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK,King’s College London, St Andrew’s Academic Centre, Institute of Psychiatry Northampton, UK
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48
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Mané A, Gallego J, Lomeña F, Mateos JJ, Fernandez-Egea E, Horga G, Cot A, Pavia J, Bernardo M, Parellada E. A 4-year dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging study in neuroleptic-naive first episode schizophrenia patients. Psychiatry Res 2011; 194:79-84. [PMID: 21831607 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the dopaminergic system have long been implicated in schizophrenia. A key component in dopaminergic neurotransmission is the striatal dopamine transporter (DAT). To date, there have been no longitudinal studies evaluating the course of DAT in schizophrenia. A 4-year follow-up study was therefore conducted in which single photon emission computed tomography was used to measure DAT binding in 14 patients and 7 controls. We compared the difference over time in [(123)I] FP-CIT striatal/occipital uptake ratios (SOUR) between patients and controls and the relationship between this difference and both symptomatology and functional outcome at follow-up. We also calculated the relationship between baseline SOUR, symptoms and functional outcome at follow-up. There were no statistically significant differences between patients' SOUR changes over time and those of controls. A significant negative correlation was observed between patients' SOUR changes over time and negative symptomatology at follow-up. A significant negative correlation was also found between baseline SOUR in patients and negative symptomatology, and there was a significant association between lower SOUR at baseline and poor outcome. Although the study found no overall differences in DAT binding during follow-up between schizophrenia patients and controls, it demonstrated that differences in DAT binding relate to patients' characteristics at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mané
- Departament de Psiquiatria, Centre Fòrum Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
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49
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Honer WG, Lang DJ, Kopala LC, Macewan GW, Smith GN, Chen EYH, Chan RCK. First episode psychosis with extrapyramidal signs prior to antipsychotic drug treatment. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-011-4738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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50
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Waters-Metenier S, Toulopoulou T. Putative structural neuroimaging endophenotypes in schizophrenia: a comprehensive review of the current evidence. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.11.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The genetic contribution to schizophrenia etiopathogenesis is underscored by the fact that the best predictor of developing schizophrenia is having an affected first-degree relative, which increases lifetime risk by tenfold, as well as the observation that when both parents are affected, the risk of schizophrenia increases to approximately 50%, compared with 1% in the general population. The search to elucidate the complex genetic architecture of schizophrenia has employed various approaches, including twin and family studies to examine co-aggregation of brain abnormalities, studies on genetic linkage and studies using genome-wide association to identify genetic variations associated with schizophrenia. ‘Endophenotypes’, or ‘intermediate phenotypes’, are potentially narrower constructs of genetic risk. Hypothetically, they are intermediate in the pathway between genetic variation and clinical phenotypes and can supposedly be implemented to assist in the identification of genetic diathesis for schizophrenia and, possibly, in redefining clinical phenomenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Waters-Metenier
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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