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Osacka J, Kiss A, Bacova Z, Tillinger A. Effects of antipsychotics, haloperidol and olanzapine, on the expression of apoptosis-related genes in mouse mHippoE-2 cells and rat hippocampus. Endocr Regul 2023; 57:152-161. [PMID: 37561834 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2023-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. Modified levels of pro- (caspase3, Bax) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) regulatory proteins have been detected in certain brain areas of schizophrenic patients indicating a possible dysregulation of apoptosis. In the present study, effects of antipsychotics, haloperidol (HAL) and olanzapine (OLA), on the gene expression of caspase3 (casp3), Bax and Bcl-2 were studied in vitro in mouse hippocampal mHippoE-2 cell line and in vivo in the hippocampus of MK-801 animal schizophrenia model with the aim to provide evidence that antipsychotics may affect the activity of apoptosis-related markers. Methods. mHippoE-2 cells were incubated with MK-801 (20 µM), HAL (10 µM), and OLA (10 µM) alone or combined, MK-801+HAL/OLA, for 24, 48, and 72 h. Male Sprague Dawley rats were injected with saline or MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg) for 6 days and since the 7th day, they were treated with vehicle (VEH), HAL (1 mg/kg) or OLA (2 mg/kg) for the next 7 days. The casp3, Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression in mHippoE-2 cells and rat hippocampus was measured by RT-PCR. Results. In mHippoE-2 cells, casp3 gene expression was increased by MK-801 and OLA treatments alone for 48 h, HAL treatment alone for 24 and 72 h, and co-treatment with MK-801+OLA for 24 and 72 h compared to controls. HAL and OLA suppressed the stimulatory effect of MK-801 on casp3 mRNA levels in cells after 48 h of incubation. Bax mRNA levels in mHippoE-2 cells were decreased after HAL treatment for 24 and 48 h, and also after co-treatment with MK-801+HAL for 72 h. In vivo, MK-801 decreased mRNA levels of both pro-apoptotic markers, casp3 and Bax, in hippocampus of VEH-treated rats and Bax mRNA levels in hippocampus of HAL-treated animals. OLA reversed the inhibitory effect of MK-801 on casp3 expression in the VEH-treated animals. Neither MK-801 nor antipsychotics induced changes in the gene expression of anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2 in mHippoE-2 cells as well as hippocampus of rats. Conclusions. The results of the present study demonstrate that antipsychotics, HAL and OLA, may affect mRNA levels of pro-apoptotic markers in hippocampal cells in vitro, but not in vivo. The obtained data do not clearly support the assumed potentiating role of MK-801 in inducing apoptosis in specific brain areas and a possible protective role of antipsychotics against induction of apoptosis. The obtained data may contribute to a deeper insight into the neurodevelopmental changes connected with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Osacka
- 1Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexander Kiss
- 1Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- 1Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Tillinger
- 1Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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2
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She YJ, Pan J, Peng LM, Ma L, Guo X, Lei DX, Wang HZ. Ketamine modulates neural stem cell differentiation by regulating TRPC3 expression through the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Neurotoxicology 2023; 94:1-10. [PMID: 36334642 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine, a popular anesthetic, is often abused by people for its hallucinogenic effect. Thus, the safety of ketamine in pediatric populations has been called into question for potential neurotoxic effects. However, ketamine also has neuroprotective effects in many brain injury models. The differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) was influenced significantly by ketamine, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. NSCs were extracted from the hippocampi of postnatal day 1 rats and treated with ketamine to induce NSCs differentiation. Our results found that ketamine promoted neuronal differentiation of NSCs dose-dependently in a small dose range (P < 0.001). The main types of neurons from NSCs were cholinergic (51 ± 4 %; 95 % CI: 41-61 %) and glutamatergic neurons (34 ± 3 %; 95 % CI: 27-42 %). Furthermore, we performed RNA sequencing to promise a more comprehensive understanding of the molecules regulated by ketamine. Finally, we combined bioimaging and multiple molecular biology techniques to clarify that ketamine influences NSC differentiation by regulating transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) expressions. Ketamine dramatically repressed TRPC3 expression (MD [95 % CI]=0.67 [0.40-0.95], P < 0.001) with a significant increase of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-GSK3β; MD [95 % CI]=1.00 [0.74-1.27], P < 0.001) and a decrease of β-catenin protein expression (MD [95 % CI]=0.60 [0.32-0.89], P = 0.001), thereby promoting the differentiation of NSCs into neurons and inhibiting their differentiation into astrocytes. These results suggest that TRPC3 is necessary for ketamine to modulate NSC differentiation, which occurs partly via regulation of the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jun She
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junping Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Ming Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinying Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Xu Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huai-Zhen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Cyclooxygenase Inhibition Safety and Efficacy in Inflammation-Based Psychiatric Disorders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225388. [PMID: 33217958 PMCID: PMC7698629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the major psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders include major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder. The potential role of inflammation in the onset and progression of these disorders is increasingly being studied. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), well-known cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, combined with first-choice specific drugs have been long investigated. The adjunctive administration of COX inhibitors to classic clinical treatments seems to improve the prognosis of people who suffer from psychiatric disorders. In this review, a broad overview of the use of COX inhibitors in the treatment of inflammation-based psychiatric disorders is provided. For this purpose, a critical analysis of the use of COX inhibitors in the last ten years of clinical trials of the major psychiatric disorders was carried out.
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4
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Yang Q, Li B, Tang J, Cui X, Wang Y, Li X, Hu J, Chen Y, Xue W, Lou Y, Qiu Y, Zhu F. Consistent gene signature of schizophrenia identified by a novel feature selection strategy from comprehensive sets of transcriptomic data. Brief Bioinform 2019; 21:1058-1068. [DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) is regarded as one of the most fundamental puzzles in current medical research, and its diagnosis is limited by the lack of objective molecular criteria. Although plenty of studies were conducted, SCZ gene signatures identified by these independent studies are found highly inconsistent. As one of the most important factors contributing to this inconsistency, the feature selection methods used currently do not fully consider the reproducibility among the signatures discovered from different datasets. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new bioinformatics tools of novel strategy for ensuring a stable discovery of gene signature for SCZ. In this study, a novel feature selection strategy (1) integrating repeated random sampling with consensus scoring and (2) evaluating the consistency of gene rank among different datasets was constructed. By systematically assessing the identified SCZ signature comprising 135 differentially expressed genes, this newly constructed strategy demonstrated significantly enhanced stability and better differentiating ability compared with the feature selection methods popular in current SCZ research. Based on a first-ever assessment on methods’ reproducibility cross-validated by independent datasets from three representative studies, the new strategy stood out among the popular methods by showing superior stability and differentiating ability. Finally, 2 novel and 17 previously reported transcription factors were identified and showed great potential in revealing the etiology of SCZ. In sum, the SCZ signature identified in this study would provide valuable clues for discovering diagnostic molecules and potential targets for SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Yang
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuejiao Cui
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuzong Chen
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, and Center for Computational Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weiwei Xue
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Roach P, Kose Dunn M, Fricker R. Tissue engineered organoids for neural network modelling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15406/atroa.2017.03.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Kaneta H, Ukai W, Tsujino H, Furuse K, Kigawa Y, Tayama M, Ishii T, Hashimoto E, Kawanishi C. Antipsychotics promote GABAergic interneuron genesis in the adult rat brain: Role of heat-shock protein production. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 92:108-118. [PMID: 28414930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current antipsychotics reduce positive symptoms and reverse negative symptoms in conjunction with cognitive behavioral issues with the goal of restoring impaired occupational and social functioning. However, limited information is available on their influence on gliogenesis or their neurogenic properties in adult schizophrenia brains, particularly on GABAergic interneuron production. In the present study, we used young adult subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived progenitor cells expressing proteoglycan NG2 cultures to examine the oligodendrocyte and GABAergic interneuron genesis effects of several kinds of antipsychotics on changes in differentiation function induced by exposure to the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. We herein demonstrated that antipsychotics promoted or restored changes in the oligodendrocyte/GABAergic interneuron differentiation functions of NG2(+) cells induced by the exposure to MK-801, which was considered to be one of the drug-induced schizophrenia model. We also demonstrated that antipsychotics restored heat-shock protein (HSP) production in NG2(+) cells with differentiation impairment. The antipsychotics olanzapine, aripiprazole, and blonanserin, but not haloperidol increased HSP90 levels, which were reduced by the exposure to MK-801. Our results showed that antipsychotics, particularly those recently synthesized, exerted similar GABAergic interneuron genesis effects on NG2(+) neuronal/glial progenitor cells in the adult rat brain by increasing cellular HSP production, and also suggest that HSP90 may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and is a key target for next drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Kaneta
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Wataru Ukai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Hanako Tsujino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Kengo Furuse
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyasu Kigawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Masaya Tayama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Takao Ishii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Eri Hashimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Kawanishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
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7
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Zhu D, Wang H, Wu J, Wang Q, Xu L, Zhao Y, Pang K, Shi Q, Zhao W, Zhang J, Sun J. Postnatal Administration of Dizocilpine Inhibits Neuronal Excitability in PFC and Induces Social Deficits Detected by MiceProfiler. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:8152-8161. [PMID: 27896651 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disease with social deficit as its core component of negative symptoms, which could be induced in rodents by dizocilpine (MK-801), a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist. NMDA receptors are highly expressed during the postnatal period. However, less attention has been paid to the effects of postnatal MK-801 administration on social interaction. In this study, we evaluated the effects of postnatal administration of MK-801 on social interaction and explored the possible mechanisms. Postnatal day-7 mice were intraperitoneally injected with MK-801 twice daily for 5 days, and their social interaction repertoire was monitored by a computerized video in the 10th week. The contact event, relative position event, stop-state, and dynamic event were analyzed with MiceProfiler automatic idTracker system. The results showed that MK-801 reduced the number of the contact events, relative position events, and stop-states, while increased the number and duration of dynamic events. These changes implied that MK-801-injected mice had indifference and lower motivation in social interaction and could be a useful model for studies on the social deficit of schizophrenia. The prefrontal cortex is the key region for social interaction behaviors. Slice patch clamp was performed to analyze the cellular excitability of prefrontal cortical neurons after postnatal treatment with MK-801 in mice. The results demonstrated that MK-801 injection reduced the frequency and amplitude of action potentials, but increased the frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents. These data illustrated that the excitability of neurons in the prefrontal cortex was inhibited. Finally, immunoblotting data demonstrated that MK-801 significantly decreased the levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-PKB) in the prefrontal cortex (both P < 0.05). Taken together, our results indicated that administration of MK-801 to postnatal mice induces social interaction deficits possibly due to inhibiting the neuronal excitability and decreasing the levels of SIRT1 and p-PKB in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiao Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Qilu Children's Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Kunkun Pang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qingqing Shi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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8
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Zhu D, Zhang J, Wu J, Li G, Yao W, Hao J, Sun J. Paliperidone Protects SH-SY5Y Cells Against MK-801-Induced Neuronal Damage Through Inhibition of Ca(2+) Influx and Regulation of SIRT1/miR-134 Signal Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2498-509. [PMID: 26055227 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious psychotic disease. Recently, increasing evidences support that neurodegeneration occurs in the brain of schizophrenia patients with progressive morphological changes. Paliperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, could attenuate psychotic symptom and protect neurons from different stressors. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we used SH-SY5Y cells to evaluate the neuroprotective capability of paliperidone against the neurotoxicity induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, MK-801. And, we also explored the possible molecular mechanism. Neurotoxicity of 100 μM MK-801, which reduced the cell viability, was diminished by 100 μM paliperidone using MTT and LDH assays (both p < 0.05). Analysis with Hoechst 33342/PI double staining demonstrated that exposure to MK-801 (100 μM) for 24 h led to the death of 30 % of cultured cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, the patch clamp technique was employed to detect voltage calcium channel changes; the results showed that paliperidone effectively blocked the Ca(2+) influx through inhibiting the voltage-gated calcium channels (p < 0.05). Furthermore, paliperidone significantly reversed MK-801 induced increase of SIRT1 and decrease of miR-134 expression (both p < 0.05). Finally, SIRT1 inhibitor nicotinamide blocked MK-801 injury effects and suppressed miR-134 expression. Taken together, our results demonstrated that paliperidone could protect SH-SY5Y cells against MK-801 induced neurotoxicity via inhibition of Ca(2+) influx and regulation of SIRT1/miR-134 pathway, providing a promising and potential therapeutic target for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiao Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Guibao Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Atypical antipsychotic paliperidone prevents behavioral deficits in mice prenatally challenged with bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 747:181-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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10
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Peng L, Zhang X, Cui X, Zhu D, Wu J, Sun D, Yue Q, Li Z, Liu H, Li G, Zhang J, Xu H, Liu F, Qin C, Li M, Sun J. Paliperidone protects SK-N-SH cells against glutamate toxicity via Akt1/GSK3β signaling pathway. Schizophr Res 2014; 157:120-7. [PMID: 24962437 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous psychotic illness and its etiology remains poorly understood. Recent studies have suggested that neurodegeneration is a component of schizophrenia pathology and some atypical antipsychotics appear to slow progressive morphological brain changes. In addition, the atypical antipsychotics were reported to have a superior therapeutic efficacy in treating schizophrenia and have a low incidence of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) compared to typical antipsychotics. However, the mechanisms of atypical antipsychotics in treating schizophrenia and the basis for differences in their clinical effects were still totally unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether paliperidone shows protective effects on SK-N-SH cells from cell toxicity induced by exposure to glutamate. We examined the effects of the drugs on cell viability (measured by MTT metabolism assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assay), apoptosis rate, ROS levels and gene expression and phosphorylation of Akt1 and GSK3β. The results showed that paliperidone significantly increases the cell viability by MTT and LDH assays (p<0.05), in contrast to the typical antipsychotic (haloperidol), which had little neuroprotective activity. Moreover, paliperidone retarded the glutamate-mediated promotion of ROS and the rate of apoptosis (p<0.05). In addition, paliperidone also effectively reversed glutamate-induced decreases of gene expression and phosphorylation of Akt1 and GSK3β (both p<0.05). Our results demonstrated that paliperidone could effectively protect SK-N-SH cells from glutamate-induced damages via Akt1/GSK3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- Department of Anatomy and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Xingzhen Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Xianping Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Dexiao Zhu
- Department of Anatomy and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Dong Sun
- Experimental Platform for Medical Function, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Qingwei Yue
- Department of Anatomy and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zeyan Li
- Department of Anatomy and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Haili Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Guibao Li
- Department of Anatomy and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Experimental Platform for Medical Function, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Fuchen Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chengkun Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Mingfeng Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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Synthesis and evaluation of triazole linked glycosylated 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives as anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3865-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Tang W, Cai J, Yi Z, Zhang Y, Lu W, Zhang C. Association study of common variants within the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 gene and schizophrenia susceptibility in Han Chinese. Hum Psychopharmacol 2014; 29:100-3. [PMID: 24302161 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether common variants in the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 gene (GRK6) confers susceptibility to schizophrenia in Chinese. We genotyped two common variants in 697 schizophrenia patients and 563 healthy control subjects. No significant difference in either allele or genotype comparisons between the case and control groups was found. Our results imply that GRK6 may not play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia among Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Tang
- Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Peng L, Zhu D, Feng X, Dong H, Yue Q, Zhang J, Gao Q, Hao J, Zhang X, Liu Z, Sun J. Paliperidone protects prefrontal cortical neurons from damages caused by MK-801 via Akt1/GSK3β signaling pathway. Schizophr Res 2013; 147:14-23. [PMID: 23583326 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that neurodegeneration is involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and some atypical antipsychotics appear to prevent or retard progressive morphological brain changes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Whether changes in intracellular signaling pathways are related to their neuroprotective effects remains undefined. In the present study, we used mouse embryonic prefrontal cortical neurons to examine the neuroprotection of paliperidone against the neuronal damage induced by exposure to the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801. Paliperidone inhibited MK-801 induced neurotoxicity both in MTT metabolism assay (p<0.01) and in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assay (p<0.01). Time course studies revealed that paliperidone effectively attenuated the elevation of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) induced by exposure to MK-801 (p<0.01). Moreover, paliperidone could significantly retard MK-801-mediated inhibition of neurite outgrowth (p<0.01) and reverse MK-801-induced decreases of gene expression and phosphorylation of Akt1 and GSK3β (both p<0.01). Furthermore, these protective effects of paliperidone were blocked by pretreatment with a PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Taking together, our results demonstrated that paliperidone could protect prefrontal cortical neurons from MK-801-induced damages via Akt1/GSK3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Dexiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaowen Feng
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Haiman Dong
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qingwei Yue
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xingzhen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong University School of Pharmacy, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zengxun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE High doses or prolonged exposure to ketamine increase neuronal apoptosis in the developing brain, although effects on neural stem progenitor cells remain unexplored. This study investigated dose- and time-dependent responses to ketamine on cell death and neurogenesis in cultured rat fetal cortical neural stem progenitor cells. DESIGN Laboratory-based study. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECT Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS Neural stem progenitor cells were isolated from the cortex of Sprague-Dawley rat fetuses on embryonic day 17. In dose-response experiments, cultured neural stem progenitor cells were exposed to different concentrations of ketamine (0-100 µM) for 24 hrs. In time-course experiments, neural stem progenitor cells cultures were exposed to 10 µM ketamine for different durations (0-48 hrs). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Apoptosis and necrosis in neural stem progenitor cells were assessed using activated caspase-3 immunostaining and lactate dehydrogenase assays, respectively. Proliferative changes in neural stem progenitor cells were detected using bromo-deoxyuridine incorporation and Ki67 immunostaining. Neuronal differentiation was assessed using Tuj-1 immunostaining. Cultured neural stem progenitor cells were resistant to apoptosis and necrosis following all concentrations and durations of ketamine exposure tested. Ketamine inhibited proliferation with decreased numbers of bromo-deoxyuridine-positive cells following ketamine exposure to 100 µM for 24 hrs (p<.005) or 10 µM for 48 hrs (p< .01), and reduced numbers of Ki67-positive cells following exposure to ketamine concentration>10 µM for 24 hrs (p<.001) or at 10 µM for 48 hrs (p<.01). Ketamine enhanced neuronal differentiation, with all ketamine concentrations increasing Tuj-1-positive neurons (p<.001) after 24-hrs of exposure. This also occurred with all exposures to 10 µM ketamine for >8 hrs (p<.001). CONCLUSIONS Clinically relevant concentrations of ketamine do not induce cell death in neural stem progenitor cells via apoptosis or necrosis. Ketamine alters the proliferation and increases the neuronal differentiation of neural stem progenitor cells isolated from the rat neocortex. These studies imply that ketamine exposure during fetal or neonatal life may alter neurogenesis and subsequent brain development.
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Mansur RB, Zugman A, Asevedo EDM, da Cunha GR, Bressan RA, Brietzke E. Cytokines in schizophrenia: possible role of anti-inflammatory medications in clinical and preclinical stages. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 66:247-60. [PMID: 22624729 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2012.02354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In this paper, we review the literature on the efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents as neuroprotectors in clinical and preclinical stages of schizophrenia. METHOD A synthetic and integrative approach was applied to review studies stemming from epidemiology, phenomenology, cognition, genetics and neuroimaging data. We provide conclusions and future directions of research on early-onset schizophrenia. RESULTS Abnormal inflammatory activation has been demonstrated in schizophrenia. Increases or imbalances in cytokines before birth or during childhood may impact neurodevelopment and produce vulnerability to schizophrenia. The specificity of inflammatory abnormalities in psychiatric disorders is controversial. Similar increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines have been described in other disorders, especially mood and anxiety disorders. One of the most important challenges at this point is the understanding of neurobiological correlates of prodromal stages of schizophrenia. CONCLUSION Although future research should investigate the exact role of different cytokines in pathophysiology of schizophrenia, these mediators emerge as promising molecular targets to its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Barbachan Mansur
- Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in at Risk Mental States, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Intracerebral adult stem cells transplantation increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and protects against phencyclidine-induced social deficit in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2011; 1:e61. [PMID: 22832353 PMCID: PMC3309498 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2011.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based regenerative therapy is considered a promising cellular therapeutic approach for the patients with incurable brain diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an attractive cell source for regenerative medicine strategies for the treatment of the diseased brain. Previous studies have shown that these cells improve behavioral deficits in animal models of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. In the current study, we examined the capability of intracerebral human MSCs transplantation (medial pre-frontal cortex) to prevent the social impairment displayed by mice after withdrawal from daily phencyclidine (PCP) administration (10 mg kg(-1) daily for 14 days). Our results show that MSCs transplantation significantly prevented the PCP-induced social deficit, as assessed by the social preference test. In contrast, the PCP-induced social impairment was not modified by daily clozapine treatment. Tissue analysis revealed that the human MSCs survived in the mouse brain throughout the course of the experiment (23 days). Significantly increased cortical brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were observed in the MSCs-treated group as compared with sham-operated controls. Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed that the ratio of phosphorylated Akt to Akt was significantly elevated in the MSCs-treated mice compared with the sham controls. Our results demonstrate that intracerebral transplantation of MSCs is beneficial in attenuating the social deficits induced by sub-chronic PCP administration. We suggest a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of schizophrenia-like negative symptoms in animal models of the disorder.
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