1
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Non-visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review. J Neurol 2023; 270:2857-2889. [PMID: 36702960 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease (PD) can be prevalent and distressing. Most existing research has however, focused on visual hallucinations as well as related risk factors. The current study thus conducted a systematic review to collate existing evidence on non-visual hallucinations in PD, focusing on their prevalence, phenomenology, and clinical-cognitive correlates. METHODS Ninety-one relevant studies were included from a systematic search across PsycINFO APA, PubMed, and Web of Science, for peer-reviewed publications in the English language, from 1970 to the present. These comprised a mix of case (30 studies; n = 56) and group design (62 studies; n = 7346) studies, divided into three somewhat overlapping collections to address our three research foci. RESULTS Prevalence estimates for hallucinations were: auditory 1.5-72.0%, olfactory 1.6-21.0%, somatic-tactile 0.4-22.5%, gustatory 1.0-15.0%, and sensed presence 0.9-73.3%. Phenomenological inquiries revealed descriptions of vivid, consuming events replete with elaborate detail, adversely affecting PD patients in different ways. Overt experiences of multisensory hallucinations were also highly variable (0.4-80%) but exceedingly common, reported by almost half of the 45 included prevalence studies. There was some evidence for modality-specific hallucination predictors, but this was largely tentative, pending robust replication. CONCLUSIONS Marked prevalence figures coupled with phenomenological descriptions implicating distress denote that non-visual and multisensory hallucinations in PD are of clinical significance. More direct research and clinical attention need to be devoted to the study and management of such hallucinatory experiences.
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2
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Benmelouka AY, Ouerdane Y, Outani O, Alnasser YT, Alghamdi BS, Perveen A, Ashraf GM, Ebada MA. Alzheimer's Disease-Related Psychosis: An Overview of Clinical Manifestations, Pathogenesis, and Current Treatment. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:285-301. [PMID: 35440308 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220418151914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral and psychotic manifestations, including aggression, delusions, and hallucinations, are frequent comorbidities in patients with debilitating nervous illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. AD-related psychosis may be linked to a poor disease prognosis, highlighting that early detection and management are mandatory. The manifestations are variable and may be very heterogeneous, imposing a real diagnostic issue. Some assessment tools such as BEHAVE-AD, CERAD-BRSD, and the Psycho-Sensory Hallucinations Scale have been designed to facilitate the diagnosis. The mechanisms behind neurodegeneration-related psychosis are complex and are not fully understood, imposing a burden on researchers to find appropriate management modalities. Familial history and some genetic disturbances may have a determinant role in these delusions and hallucinations in cases with AD. The loss of neuronal cells, atrophy in some regions of the central nervous, and synaptic dysfunction may also contribute to these comorbidities. Furthermore, inflammatory disturbances triggered by pro-inflammatory agents such as interleukins and tumor necrosis factors are stratified among the potential risk factors of the onset of numerous psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer's patients. Little is known about the possible management tools; therefore, it is urgent to conduct well-designed trials to investigate pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that can improve the care process of these patients. This review summarizes the current findings regarding the AD-related psychosis symptoms, pathological features, assessment, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oumaima Outani
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed 5 University
| | | | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah.,Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah.,Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed Ebada
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Al-Sharkia.,Internal Medicine Resident, Ministry of Health and Population of Egypt, Cairo
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3
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Brunelin J, Mondino M, Haesebaert J, Attal J, Benoit M, Chupin M, Dollfus S, El-Hage W, Galvao F, Jardri R, Llorca PM, Magaud L, Plaze M, Schott-Pethelaz AM, Suaud-Chagny MF, Szekely D, Fakra E, Poulet E. Examining transcranial random noise stimulation as an add-on treatment for persistent symptoms in schizophrenia (STIM'Zo): a study protocol for a multicentre, double-blind, randomized sham-controlled clinical trial. Trials 2021; 22:964. [PMID: 34963486 PMCID: PMC8715588 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One out of three patients with schizophrenia failed to respond adequately to antipsychotics and continue to experience debilitating symptoms such as auditory hallucinations and negative symptoms. The development of additional therapeutic approaches for these persistent symptoms constitutes a major goal for patients. Here, we develop a randomized-controlled trial testing the efficacy of high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS) for the treatment of resistant/persistent symptoms of schizophrenia in patients with various profiles of symptoms, cognitive deficits and illness duration. We also aim to investigate the biological and cognitive effects of hf-tRNS and to identify the predictors of clinical response. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, 2-arm parallel-group, controlled, multicentre study, 144 patients with schizophrenia and persistent symptoms despite the prescription of at least one antipsychotic treatment will be randomly allocated to receive either active (n = 72) or sham (n = 72) hf-tRNS. hf-tRNS (100–500 Hz) will be delivered for 20 min with a current intensity of 2 mA and a 1-mA offset twice a day on 5 consecutive weekdays. The anode will be placed over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the cathode over the left temporoparietal junction. Patients’ symptoms will be assessed prior to hf-tRNS (baseline), after the 10 sessions, and at 1-, 3- and 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be the number of responders defined as a reduction of at least 25% from the baseline scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) after the 10 sessions. Secondary outcomes will include brain activity and connectivity, source monitoring performances, social cognition, other clinical (including auditory hallucinations) and biological variables, and attitude toward treatment. Discussion The results of this trial will constitute a first step toward establishing the usefulness of hf-tRNS in schizophrenia whatever the stage of the illness and the level of treatment resistance. We hypothesize a long-lasting effect of active hf-tRNS on the severity of schizophrenia symptoms as compared to sham. This trial will also have implications for the use of hf-tRNS as a preventive intervention of relapse in patients with schizophrenia. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02744989. Prospectively registered on 20 April 2016
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Brunelin
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, PSYR2 team, Bat 416 - 1st floor; 95 boulevard Pinel, 69678, F-69500, Bron cedex, France. .,INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSYR2 Team, F-69000, Lyon, France. .,Lyon 1 University, F-69000, Villeurbanne, France. .,Université Jean Monnet Saint Etienne, F-42000, Saint Etienne, France.
| | - Marine Mondino
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, PSYR2 team, Bat 416 - 1st floor; 95 boulevard Pinel, 69678, F-69500, Bron cedex, France.,INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSYR2 Team, F-69000, Lyon, France.,Lyon 1 University, F-69000, Villeurbanne, France.,Université Jean Monnet Saint Etienne, F-42000, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Julie Haesebaert
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle Santé Publique, Service Recherche et Epidémiologie Cliniques, F-69003, Lyon, France.,Research on Healthcare Performance RESHAPE, INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Marie Chupin
- Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France.,CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, F-75000, Paris, France
| | | | - Wissam El-Hage
- CHRU de Tours, CIC 1415, INSERM, Tours; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, F-37044, Tours, France
| | - Filipe Galvao
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, PSYR2 team, Bat 416 - 1st floor; 95 boulevard Pinel, 69678, F-69500, Bron cedex, France
| | - Renaud Jardri
- University in Lille, INSERM U1172, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Research Centre, Plasticity & SubjectivitY (PSY) team, CURE Platform, Lille, France
| | | | - Laurent Magaud
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle Santé Publique, Service Recherche et Epidémiologie Cliniques, F-69003, Lyon, France
| | - Marion Plaze
- GHU PARIS Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, site Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, F-75014, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Anne Marie Schott-Pethelaz
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle Santé Publique, Service Recherche et Epidémiologie Cliniques, F-69003, Lyon, France.,Research on Healthcare Performance RESHAPE, INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Suaud-Chagny
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSYR2 Team, F-69000, Lyon, France.,Lyon 1 University, F-69000, Villeurbanne, France.,Université Jean Monnet Saint Etienne, F-42000, Saint Etienne, France
| | | | - Eric Fakra
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSYR2 Team, F-69000, Lyon, France.,Lyon 1 University, F-69000, Villeurbanne, France.,Université Jean Monnet Saint Etienne, F-42000, Saint Etienne, France.,CHU de Saint Etienne, F-42000, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Emmanuel Poulet
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, PSYR2 team, Bat 416 - 1st floor; 95 boulevard Pinel, 69678, F-69500, Bron cedex, France.,INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSYR2 Team, F-69000, Lyon, France.,Lyon 1 University, F-69000, Villeurbanne, France.,Université Jean Monnet Saint Etienne, F-42000, Saint Etienne, France.,Psychiatric emergency service, Hospices civils de Lyon, F-69005, Lyon, France
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4
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Marques A, Taylor NL, Roquet D, Beze S, Chassain C, Pereira B, O'Callaghan C, Lewis SJG, Durif F. Structural and Functional Correlates of Hallucinations and Illusions in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 12:397-409. [PMID: 34744050 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual illusions (VI) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are generally considered as an early feature of the psychosis spectrum leading to fully formed visual hallucinations (VH), although this sequential relationship has not been clearly demonstrated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether there are any overlapping, potentially graded patterns of structural and functional connectivity abnormalities in PD with VI and with VH. Such a finding would argue for a continuum between these entities, whereas distinct imaging features would suggest different neural underpinnings for the phenomena. METHODS In this case control study, we compared structural and resting state functional MRI brain patterns of PD patients with VH (PD-H, n = 20), with VI (PD-I, n = 19), and without VH or VI (PD-C, n = 23). RESULTS 1) PD-H had hypo-connectivity between the ILO and anterior cingulate precuneus and parahippocampal gyrus compared to PD-C and PD-I; 2) In contrast, PD-I had hyper-connectivity between the inferior frontal gyrus and the postcentral gyrus compared to PD-C and PD-H. Moreover, PD-I had higher levels of functional connectivity between the amygdala, hippocampus, insula, and fronto-temporal regions compared to PD-H, together with divergent patterns toward the cingulate. 3) Both PD-I and PD-H had functional hypo-connectivity between the lingual gyrus and the parahippocampal region vs. PD-C, and no significant grey matter volume differences was observed between PD-I and PD-H. CONCLUSION Distinct patterns of functional connectivity characterized VI and VH in PD, suggesting that these two perceptual experiences, while probably linked and driven by at least some similar mechanisms, could reflect differing neural dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marques
- Forefront Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Center, School of Medical Sciences, University ofSydney, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia.,Université Clermont Auvergne, IGCNC, InstitutPascal, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Neurology Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Natasha L Taylor
- Forefront Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Center, School of Medical Sciences, University ofSydney, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Roquet
- Frontiers, Brain andMind Center, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven Beze
- Université Clermont Auvergne, IGCNC, InstitutPascal, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Neurology Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carine Chassain
- Université Clermont Auvergne, IGCNC, InstitutPascal, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NeuroradiologyDepartment, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Biostatistics Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claire O'Callaghan
- Forefront Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Center, School of Medical Sciences, University ofSydney, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Forefront Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Center, School of Medical Sciences, University ofSydney, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Franck Durif
- Université Clermont Auvergne, IGCNC, InstitutPascal, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Neurology Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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5
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Bernasconi F, Blondiaux E, Potheegadoo J, Stripeikyte G, Pagonabarraga J, Bejr-Kasem H, Bassolino M, Akselrod M, Martinez-Horta S, Sampedro F, Hara M, Horvath J, Franza M, Konik S, Bereau M, Ghika JA, Burkhard PR, Van De Ville D, Faivre N, Rognini G, Krack P, Kulisevsky J, Blanke O. Robot-induced hallucinations in Parkinson's disease depend on altered sensorimotor processing in fronto-temporal network. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/591/eabc8362. [PMID: 33910980 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc8362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hallucinations in Parkinson's disease (PD) are disturbing and frequent non-motor symptoms and constitute a major risk factor for psychosis and dementia. We report a robotics-based approach applying conflicting sensorimotor stimulation, enabling the induction of presence hallucinations (PHs) and the characterization of a subgroup of patients with PD with enhanced sensitivity for conflicting sensorimotor stimulation and robot-induced PH. We next identify the fronto-temporal network of PH by combining MR-compatible robotics (and sensorimotor stimulation in healthy participants) and lesion network mapping (neurological patients without PD). This PH-network was selectively disrupted in an additional and independent cohort of patients with PD, predicted the presence of symptomatic PH, and associated with cognitive decline. These robotics-neuroimaging findings extend existing sensorimotor hallucination models to PD and reveal the pathological cortical sensorimotor processes of PH in PD, potentially indicating a more severe form of PD that has been associated with psychosis and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fosco Bernasconi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics & Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eva Blondiaux
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics & Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jevita Potheegadoo
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics & Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giedre Stripeikyte
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics & Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pagonabarraga
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Bejr-Kasem
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michela Bassolino
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics & Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michel Akselrod
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics & Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.,MySpace Lab, Lausanne University UNIL and University Hospital of Lausanne, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Saul Martinez-Horta
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Sampedro
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Masayuki Hara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 338-8570 Saitama, Japan
| | - Judit Horvath
- Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Franza
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics & Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Konik
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics & Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.,MySpace Lab, Lausanne University UNIL and University Hospital of Lausanne, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Bereau
- Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Besançon University Hospital, 25056 Besançon, France
| | | | - Pierre R Burkhard
- Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Faivre
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics & Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Giulio Rognini
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics & Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Krack
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, 08041 Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics & Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland. .,Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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6
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Marques A, Beze S, Lambert C, Bonamy L, de Chazeron I, Rieu I, Chiambaretta F, Durif F. Psycho-sensory modalities of visual hallucinations and illusions in Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2021; 177:1228-1236. [PMID: 34238577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual illusions (VI) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are generally considered part of the prodrome towards fully formed visual hallucinations (VH), and classified as minor hallucinations. However, this sequential relationship has not been clearly demonstrated and very little is known about the specific phenomenology of VI in regards to VH. We aimed to describe and compare psycho-sensory modalities associated with VI and VH in PD patients. METHODS PD patients with VI (PD-I, n=26) and VH (PD-H, n=28) were included in this case-controlled study. We compared qualitative and quantitative psycho-sensory modalities of VI and VH using the PsychoSensory hAllucinations Scale (PSAS), and demographical and clinical features of each group. RESULTS PD-I perceptions were more often colored blots (P=0.05) or objects (P=0.005) compared to PD-H. Conversely, PD-H perceptions were more often described as animals (P<0.001), occurring at night (P=0.03) compared to PD-I. The experienced phenomena were more frequent in PD-H (P=0.02), and lasted longer (P=0.02) than for PD-I, but no between-group difference was observed for other repercussion factors including negative aspect, conviction, impact, controllable nature of the perception. Passage hallucinations and sense of presence were observed in both groups with similar frequencies (respectively P=0.60 and P=0.70). Multivariate analysis adjusting for disease severity or duration confirmed these results. CONCLUSION VI and VH in PD have different qualitative sensory modalities, with similar quantitative repercussion for patients, and similar association with modalities such as "sense of presence and passage hallucinations", in contrast to the generally accepted classification of VI as minor VH. REGISTRATION NUMBER: clinicaltrials.gov number NCT03454269.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marques
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, EA7280, neurology department, Clermont-Ferrand university hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - S Beze
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, EA7280, neurology department, Clermont-Ferrand university hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Ophtalmology department, Clermont-Ferrand university hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Lambert
- Biostatistics department, Clermont-Ferrand university hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Bonamy
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, EA7280, neurology department, Clermont-Ferrand university hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - I de Chazeron
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, EA7280, psychiatry department, Clermont-Ferrand university hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - I Rieu
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, EA7280, neurology department, Clermont-Ferrand university hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Chiambaretta
- Ophtalmology department, Clermont-Ferrand university hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Durif
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, EA7280, neurology department, Clermont-Ferrand university hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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7
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Mondino M, Poulet E, Brunelin J. Moving to accelerated protocols of tDCS in schizophrenia: A case report. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:822-824. [PMID: 34022429 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Mondino
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, F-69500, Bron, France; INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSYR2 Team, F-69000, Lyon, France; Lyon University, Université Lyon 1, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Emmanuel Poulet
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, F-69500, Bron, France; INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSYR2 Team, F-69000, Lyon, France; Lyon University, Université Lyon 1, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France; Department of Emergency Psychiatry, University Hospital Edouard Herriot, Hospices civils de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.
| | - Jérôme Brunelin
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, F-69500, Bron, France; INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSYR2 Team, F-69000, Lyon, France; Lyon University, Université Lyon 1, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France.
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8
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Retinal ganglion cell dysfunction is correlated with disturbed visual cognition in schizophrenia patients with visual hallucinations. Psychiatry Res 2021; 298:113780. [PMID: 33567383 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia have altered visual cognition and retinal functions. No studies have explored if retinal anomalies are related to visual cognition and the presence of visual hallucinations (VH). We explored functional responses of the retinal ganglion cells in schizophrenia patients with or without VH and conducted a neuropsychological evaluation to explore the links between cognition and retinal function. The VH+ group showed poorer visual cognition and we found correlations between the amplitudes of the P50 and the N95 waves and visual cognition. Our results provide arguments for a link between retinal dysfunction, impaired visual processing and VH in schizophrenia.
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9
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Badcock JC, Brand R, Thomas N, Hayward M, Paulik G. Multimodal versus unimodal auditory hallucinations in clinical practice: Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes. Psychiatry Res 2021; 297:113754. [PMID: 33524774 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychological treatments for hallucinations typically target auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) but neglect the influence of hallucinations in other sensory modalities. This study compared the baseline clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes (following brief Coping Strategy Enhancement) of adult clients (N = 100) with multimodal or unimodal (auditory) hallucinations attending an outpatient service for distressing AVH. The results showed that 72.1% of clients reported multimodal hallucinations in the past month. Group comparisons of most baseline clinical characteristics (AVH features, beliefs about AVH, number of traumatic events, personal and social functioning, negative affect) were non-significant. However, in the subgroup (N = 65) reporting ongoing effects of traumatic events, those with multimodal hallucinations reported significantly higher posttraumatic stress symptoms (d = 0.62). Notably, both multimodal and unimodal hallucination groups showed improvement in AVH distress and frequency post-treatment, but group differences in treatment outcomes were not significant. These findings, in a naturalistic service setting, confirm that multimodal hallucinations are common in people seeking help for distressing AVH and may be associated with higher levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Importantly, they also suggest that psychological therapy may be suitable and effective for clients experiencing AVH - irrespective of the presence of hallucinations in other sensory modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Badcock
- Perth Voices Clinic, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Rachel Brand
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Neil Thomas
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Mark Hayward
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom; Research & Development Department, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Georgie Paulik
- Perth Voices Clinic, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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Marques A, Beze S, Pereira B, Chassain C, Monneyron N, Delaby L, Lambert C, Fontaine M, Derost P, Debilly B, Rieu I, Lewis SJG, Chiambaretta F, Durif F. Visual hallucinations and illusions in Parkinson's disease: the role of ocular pathology. J Neurol 2020; 267:2829-2841. [PMID: 32447550 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether different mechanisms, particularly ocular pathology, could lead to the emergence of visual hallucinations (VH) (defined as false perceptions with no external stimulus) versus visual illusions (VI) (defined as a misperception of a real stimulus) in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains debated. We assessed retinal, clinical and structural brain characteristics depending on the presence of VH or VI in PD. METHODS In this case-control study, we compared retinal thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT), between PD patients with: VI (PD-I; n = 26), VH (PD-H; n = 28), and without VI or VH (PD-C; n = 28), and assessed demographic data, disease severity, treatment, anatomical and functional visual complaints, cognitive and visuo-perceptive functions and MRI brain volumetry for each group of PD patients. RESULTS Parafoveal retina was thinner in PD-H compared to PD-C (p = 0.005) and PD-I (p = 0.009) but did not differ between PD-I and PD-C (p = 0.85). Multivariate analysis showed that 1/retinal parafoveal thinning and total brain gray matter atrophy were independently associated with the presence of VH compared to PD-I; 2/retinal parafoveal thickness, PD duration, sleep quality impairment and total brain gray matter volume were independent factors associated with the presence of VH compared to PD-C; 3/anterior ocular abnormalities were the only factor independently associated with the presence of illusions compared to PD-C. CONCLUSION These findings reinforce the hypothesis that there may be different mechanisms contributing to VH and VI in PD, suggesting that these two entities may also have a different prognosis rather than simply lying along a continuous spectrum. REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT01114321.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marques
- Neurology Department, Université Clermont-Auvergne, EA7280, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Steven Beze
- Ophtalmology Department, Université Clermont-Auvergne, EA7280, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carine Chassain
- Imaging Department, Université Clermont-Auvergne, EA7280, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Monneyron
- Ophtalmology Department, Université Clermont-Auvergne, EA7280, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laure Delaby
- CMRR, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Celine Lambert
- Ophtalmology Department, Université Clermont-Auvergne, EA7280, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie Fontaine
- Neurology Department, Université Clermont-Auvergne, EA7280, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Derost
- Neurology Department, Université Clermont-Auvergne, EA7280, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bérengère Debilly
- Neurology Department, Université Clermont-Auvergne, EA7280, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Rieu
- Neurology Department, Université Clermont-Auvergne, EA7280, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Brain and Mind Center, Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Frédéric Chiambaretta
- Ophtalmology Department, Université Clermont-Auvergne, EA7280, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Franck Durif
- Neurology Department, Université Clermont-Auvergne, EA7280, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Retinal ganglion cells dysfunctions in schizophrenia patients with or without visual hallucinations. Schizophr Res 2020; 219:47-55. [PMID: 31353068 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The electroretinogram has revealed photoreceptor, bipolar cell, and, in one prior study, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction in schizophrenia. The structural abnormalities of the RGC are well documented in schizophrenia and such abnormalities have been associated with visual hallucinations (VH) in neurological disorders. The goals of this study were: 1) to examine the functional responses of photoreceptors and RGC in schizophrenia patients in comparison with healthy controls; and 2) to compare the extent of retinal dysfunction in schizophrenia patients with or without VH. We recorded the flash electroretinogram in scotopic and photopic conditions, and the pattern electroretinogram, in schizophrenia patients (n = 29) and healthy controls (n = 29). Schizophrenia patients were divided in two groups: schizophrenia patients with VH (VH group, n = 12) and schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations or no hallucinations (AHNH group, n = 17). Our results replicate previous findings regarding photoreceptor dysfunction in schizophrenia. PERG results showed a significant increase of the P50 implicit time in schizophrenia patients compared with controls (t(55) = 2.1, p < .05, d = 0.55) and a significant increase of the N95 implicit time in schizophrenia patients compared with controls (t(55) = 4.2; p < .001, d = 0.66). We found an increased rod b-wave implicit time (dark-adapted 0.01 ERG) in the VH group compared to the AHNH group and to the control group, which was associated with lifetime VH score. Our results demonstrate a slowing of RGC signaling in schizophrenia patients, which could affect the quality of visual information reaching the visual cortex. The implications of the data for understanding VH in schizophrenia are discussed.
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Dondé C, Haesebaert F, Poulet E, Mondino M, Brunelin J. [Not Available]. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2020; 65:237-244. [PMID: 31835905 PMCID: PMC7385421 DOI: 10.1177/0706743719895641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to validate the French version of the 7-item
Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (AHRS) so as to facilitate fine-grained
assessment of auditory hallucinations (AH) in native French-speaking
patients with schizophrenia (SZ) in clinical settings and studies. Method: Patients (N = 66) were diagnosed with SZ according to the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
The French version of the AHRS was developed using a forward–backward
translation procedure. Psychometric properties of the French version of the
AHRS were tested including (i) construct validity with a confirmatory
one-factor analysis, (ii) internal validity with Pearson correlations and
Cronbach α coefficients, and (iii) external validity by correlations with
the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS-H1), the Positive and
Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-P3; concurrent), the PANSS-Negative subscale
and age of subjects (divergent), and inter-rater intraclass correlation
coefficients (ICCs). Results: (i) The confirmatory one-factor analysis found a root mean square error of
approximation (RMSEA) = 0.00, 90% confidence interval = [0.000 to 0.011],
and a comparative fit index = 0.994. (ii) Correlations between AHRS total
score and individual items were mostly ≥0.4. Cronbach α coefficient was
0.61. (iii) Correlations with PANSS-P3 and SAPS-H1 were 0.42 and 0.53,
respectively. In a subset of participants (N = 16), ICC
values were extremely high and significant for AHRS total and individual
item scores (ICCs range 0.899 to 0.996) Conclusion: The French version of the AHRS is a psychometrically acceptable instrument
for the evaluation of AH severity in French-speaking patients with SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Dondé
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Frédéric Haesebaert
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Emmanuel Poulet
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Emergency Psychiatry, University Hospital Edouard Herriot, Hospices civils de Lyon, France
| | - Marine Mondino
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Jérôme Brunelin
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
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13
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Eversfield CL, Orton LD. Auditory and visual hallucination prevalence in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2019; 49:2342-2353. [PMID: 30474581 PMCID: PMC6763539 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718003161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), such as auditory hallucinations (AH), contribute to disease burden but are not well understood. METHODS Systematic review and random-effects meta-analyses of studies reporting AH associated with PD or DLB. Prevalence of visual hallucinations (VH) in identified studies meeting eligibility criteria were included in meta-analyses, facilitating comparison with AH. Synthesis of qualitative descriptions of AH was performed. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for primary journal articles, written in English, published from 1970 to 2017. Studies reporting AH prevalence in PD or DLB were screened using PRISMA methods. RESULTS Searches identified 4542 unique studies for consideration, of which, 26 met inclusion criteria. AH pooled prevalence in PD was estimated to be 8.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.3-14.5], while in DLB was estimated to be 30.8% (±23.4 to 39.3). Verbal hallucinations, perceived as originating outside the head, were the most common form of AH. Non-verbal AH were also common while musical AH were rare. VH were more prevalent, with an estimated pooled prevalence in PD of 28.2% (±19.1 to 39.5), while in DLB they were estimated to be 61.8% (±49.1 to 73.0). Meta-regression determined that the use of validated methodologies to identify hallucinations produced higher prevalence estimates. CONCLUSIONS AH and VH present in a substantial proportion of PD and DLB cases, with VH reported more frequently in both conditions. Both AH and VH are more prevalent in DLB than PD. There is a need for standardised use of validated methods to detect and monitor hallucinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Louise Eversfield
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Llwyd David Orton
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
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14
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Visual hallucinations associated with multimodal hallucinations, suicide attempts and morbidity of illness in psychotic disorders. Schizophr Res 2019; 208:196-201. [PMID: 30842029 PMCID: PMC6664439 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual hallucinations (VH) are a common, but understudied symptom of psychosis, experienced by individuals across diagnostic categories of psychotic and neuropsychiatric conditions. There are limited data on VH and associated clinical phenotypes in adult idiopathic psychotic disorders, which are needed to elucidate their relevance to psychotic illness paradigms. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, we examined clinical risk factors for VH in a well-characterized sample of 766 patients with adult psychotic disorders across diagnostic categories of schizophrenia (n = 227), schizoaffective disorder (n = 210), and bipolar I disorder (n = 329). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR was used for diagnosis and symptom measurements. RESULTS The prevalence of VH was 26.1% (200/766). Multivariate logistic regression showed that VH were independently associated with the presence of hallucinations in other modalities, including auditory, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory hallucinations. History of a suicide attempt and catatonic behavior were also associated with VH. In addition, specific delusions were associated with VH, in particular, delusions of control, and religious, erotomanic and jealousy delusions. Diagnosis, negative symptoms, and family history of psychosis were not independent predictors of VH. CONCLUSIONS Results showed the clinical and disease relevance of VH as they were associated with severe morbidity of illness, including suicide attempts and catatonic behavior. Findings also suggest a phenotype associated with hallucinations in other modalities and specific types of delusions. Based on our findings, VH may be a significant factor in assessing for suicidality and illness severity, warranting clinical attention and further study of underlying mechanisms.
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Oral Health Is a Challenging Problem for Patients with Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs.8062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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El Haj M, Roche J, Jardri R, Kapogiannis D, Gallouj K, Antoine P. Clinical and neurocognitive aspects of hallucinations in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:713-720. [PMID: 28235545 PMCID: PMC5565710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to their prevalence, hallucinations are considered as one of the most frequent psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). These psychotic manifestations reduce patients' well-being, increase the burden of caregivers, contribute to early institutionalization, and are related with the course of cognitive decline in AD. Considering their consequences, we provide a comprehensive account of the current state of knowledge about the prevalence and characteristics of hallucinations in AD. We propose a comprehensive and testable theoretical model about hallucinations in AD: the ALZHA (ALZheimer and HAllucinations) model. In this model, neurological, genetic, cognitive, affective, and iatrogenic factors associated with hallucinations in AD are highlighted. According to the ALZHA model, hallucinations in AD first involve trait markers (i.e., cognitive deficits, neurological deficits, genetic predisposition and/or sensory deficits) to which state markers that may trigger these experiences are added (e.g., psychological distress and/or iatrogenic factors). Finally, we provide recommendations for assessment and management of these psychotic manifestations in AD, with the aim to benefit patients, caregivers, and health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jean Roche
- CHU de Lille, Unité de Psychogériatrie, Pôle de gérontologie, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Renaud Jardri
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Karim Gallouj
- Department of Geriatrics, Tourcoing Hospital, France
| | - Pascal Antoine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France
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Aynsworth C, Collerton D, Dudley R. Measures of visual hallucinations: Review and recommendations. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 57:164-182. [PMID: 28844297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies designed to investigate visual hallucinations (VH) require reliable and valid measures that can appropriately capture peoples' experiences. This review aimed to assess the psychometric rigour and usefulness of VH measures. METHOD A systematic literature search was carried out against inclusion criteria (e.g. more than one specific question on VH, measures for adults in clinical and non-clinical populations). Eighteen measures were identified and rated against an adapted evaluation grid, which included essential criteria such as clear purpose and definition, psychometric properties including reliability and validity, and appropriate exploration of visual hallucinations. RESULTS Measures could be categorised into 3 groups; those for general psychotic symptoms, those for all hallucinations, or those specifically for visual hallucinations. With one exception (the North East Visual Hallucinations Inventory), the measures were considered to be limited as they often targeted one population and hence lacked generalisability, or were limited in the characteristics of the visions that were described, or that psychometric properties were not adequately evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Measures of VH require further development. The need to establish a clearer definition of VH is essential to provide clarity and consistency within research and practice. Measures need to demonstrate good psychometric properties to indicate robustness whilst being sensitive to change to help in the evaluation of treatments. Other recommendations include developing cross-cultural measures and involving service users in item development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Aynsworth
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Collerton
- Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Bensham Hospital Gateshead, UK
| | - Robert Dudley
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Hallucinations in schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease: an analysis of sensory modalities involved and the repercussion on patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38152. [PMID: 27905557 PMCID: PMC5131286 DOI: 10.1038/srep38152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hallucinations have been described in various clinical populations, but they are neither disorder nor disease specific. In schizophrenia patients, hallucinations are hallmark symptoms and auditory ones are described as the more frequent. In Parkinson's disease, the descriptions of hallucination modalities are sparse, but the hallucinations do tend to have less negative consequences. Our study aims to explore the phenomenology of hallucinations in both hallucinating schizophrenia patients and Parkinson's disease patients using the Psycho-Sensory hAllucinations Scale (PSAS). The main objective is to describe the phenomena of these clinical symptoms in those two specific populations. Each hallucinatory sensory modality significantly differed between Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia patients. Auditory, olfactory/gustatory and cœnesthetic hallucinations were more frequent in schizophrenia than visual hallucinations. The guardian angel item, usually not explored in schizophrenia, was described by 46% of these patients. The combination of auditory and visual hallucinations was the most frequent for both Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. The repercussion index summing characteristics of each hallucination (frequency, duration, negative aspects, conviction, impact, control and sound intensity) was always higher for schizophrenia. A broader view including widespread characteristics and interdisciplinary works must be encouraged to better understand the complexity of the process involved in hallucinations.
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Thomas F, Moulier V, Valéro-Cabré A, Januel D. Brain connectivity and auditory hallucinations: In search of novel noninvasive brain stimulation therapeutic approaches for schizophrenia. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2016; 172:653-679. [PMID: 27742234 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are among the most characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia and have been linked to likely disturbances of structural and functional connectivity within frontal, temporal, parietal and subcortical networks involved in language and auditory functions. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has shown that alterations in the functional connectivity activity of the default-mode network (DMN) may also subtend hallucinations. Noninvasive neurostimulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have the ability to modulate activity of targeted cortical sites and their associated networks, showing a high potential for modulating altered connectivity subtending schizophrenia. Notwithstanding, the clinical benefit of these approaches remains weak and variable. Further studies in the field should foster a better understanding concerning the status of networks subtending AVH and the neural impact of rTMS in relation with symptom improvement. Additionally, the identification and characterization of clinical biomarkers able to predict response to treatment would be a critical asset allowing better care for patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Thomas
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Établissement Public de Santé Ville-Evrard, 202, avenue Jean-Jaurès, 93332 Neuilly-sur-Marne cedex, France.
| | - V Moulier
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Établissement Public de Santé Ville-Evrard, 202, avenue Jean-Jaurès, 93332 Neuilly-sur-Marne cedex, France
| | - A Valéro-Cabré
- UMR 7225 CRICM CNRS, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, CNRS UMR 7225-Inserm UMRS S975, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle (ICM), 75013 Paris, France; Laboratory for Cerebral Dynamics Plasticity & Rehabilitation, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Cognitive Neuroscience and Information Technology Research Program, Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Januel
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Établissement Public de Santé Ville-Evrard, 202, avenue Jean-Jaurès, 93332 Neuilly-sur-Marne cedex, France
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Corvol JC, Goni S, Bordet R. Translational research on cognitive and behavioural disorders in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Therapie 2016; 71:1-13, 15-26. [PMID: 27080626 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The important medical and social burden of nervous system diseases contrasts with the currently limited therapeutic armamentarium and with the difficulty encountered in developing new therapeutic options. These failures can be explained by the conjunction of various phenomena related to the limitations of animal models, the narrow focus of research on precise pathophysiological mechanisms, and methodological issues in clinical trials. It is perhaps the paradigm itself of the way research is conducted that may be the real reason for our incapacity to find effective strategies. The purpose of this workshop was to define overall lines of research that could lead to the development of effective novel therapeutic solutions. Research has long focused on diseases per se rather than on cognitive and behavioural dimensions common to several diseases. Their expression is often partial and variable, but can today be well-characterised using neurophysiological or imaging methods. This dimensional or syndromic vision should enable a new insight to the question, taking a transnosographic approach to re-position research and to propose: translational models exploring the same functions in animal models and in humans; identification of homogeneous groups of patients defined according to the clinical, anatomico-functional and molecular characteristics; and preclinical and clinical developments enriched by the use of cognitive-behavioural, biological neurological, and imaging biomarkers. For this mutation to be successful, it must be accompanied by synchronised action from the public authorities and by ad hoc measures from the regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Inserm UMRS 1127, CIC 1422, CNRS UMR 7225, département des maladies du système nerveux, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, UPMC - université Paris 06, Sorbonne universités, bâtiment ICM, 47/83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Sylvia Goni
- Lundbeck SAS, 92445 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Régis Bordet
- Inserm U1171, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, CHU, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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Corvol JC, Goni S, Bordet R, Azuar C, Blin O, Checler F, David DJ, Durif F, Fernagut PO, Dupouey J, Otten L, Gaillard R, Kemel ML, Micallef J, Perault-Pochat MC, Pitel AL, Truffinet P. Recherche translationnelle sur les troubles cognitifs et comportementaux dans les maladies neurologiques et psychiatriques. Therapie 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tamayo-Agudelo W, Jaén-Moreno MJ, Luque-Luque R. [Factorial Structure of the Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale (CAPS) in a Colombian Population Sample]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 44:213-9. [PMID: 26578472 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuum hypothesis of psychosis assumes that hallucinations are not exclusive of psychotic disorders. A number of psychometric tests have been developed to assess psychosis using a dimensional model. OBJECTIVES To determine the factorial structure of the Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale (CAPS) for the Colombian population, and to contrast the fit of two factor models previously reported in the literature by conducting a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which 207 subjects from the general population were assessed using the Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale. RESULTS A two-factor structure with acceptable ordinal alpha coefficients (α=.88 and α=.87) was found. One factor gathered items related to multimodal perceptual alterations, and a second factor grouped items related with experiences linked to the temporal lobe. The analysis of the first factor indicated that it was dependent on cultural issues for the interpretation of sensations. The second factor appeared almost unchanged on diverse populations, suggesting its transcultural character. When comparing the models proposed by Bell et al. and Jaen-Moreno et al. using the data obtained from the sample, the confirmatory factor analysis conducted indicated inadequate goodness-of-fit indexes (χ(2)). However, some incremental goodness-of-fit indexes (normalized χ(2) [RMSEA]) were acceptable. The Jaén-Moreno et al. model showed the best fit to the data collected from the Colombian sample. CONCLUSIONS The factorial structure of CAPS for the Colombian population appears to be sensitive to cultural issues, especially when describing anomalous sensorial experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María José Jaén-Moreno
- Cátedra de Psiquiatría y Psicología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Córdoba, España
| | - Rogelio Luque-Luque
- Cátedra de Psiquiatría y Psicología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Córdoba, España
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