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Alonso-Sanchez MF, Z-Rivera L, Otero M, Portal J, Cavieres Á, Alfaro-Faccio P. Aberrant brain language network in schizophrenia spectrum disorder: a systematic review of its relation to language signs beyond symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1244694. [PMID: 39026525 PMCID: PMC11254709 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1244694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Language disturbances are a core feature of schizophrenia, often studied as a formal thought disorder. The neurobiology of language in schizophrenia has been addressed within the same framework, that language and thought are equivalents considering symptoms and not signs. This review aims to systematically examine published peer-reviewed studies that employed neuroimaging techniques to investigate aberrant brain-language networks in individuals with schizophrenia in relation to linguistic signs. Methods We employed a language model for automatic data extraction. We selected our studies according to the PRISMA recommendations, and we conducted the quality assessment of the selected studies according to the STROBE guidance. Results We analyzed the findings from 37 studies, categorizing them based on patient characteristics, brain measures, and language task types. The inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) exhibited the most significant differences among these studies and paradigms. Conclusions We propose guidelines for future research in this field based on our analysis. It is crucial to investigate larger networks involved in language processing, and language models with brain metrics must be integrated to enhance our understanding of the relationship between language and brain abnormalities in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F. Alonso-Sanchez
- Escuela de Fonoaudiología, Centro de Investigación del Desarrollo en Cognición y Lenguaje (CIDCL), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Lucía Z-Rivera
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronic Engineering (AC3E), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mónica Otero
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Centro BASAL Ciencia & Vida, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Jorge Portal
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronic Engineering (AC3E), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
- Departamento de Electrónica, Univeridad Técnica Federico Santa María (USM), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Álvaro Cavieres
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pedro Alfaro-Faccio
- Instituto de Literatura y Ciencias del Lenguaje, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Zohdi H, Egli R, Guthruf D, Scholkmann F, Wolf U. Color-dependent changes in humans during a verbal fluency task under colored light exposure assessed by SPA-fNIRS. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9654. [PMID: 33958616 PMCID: PMC8102618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Light evokes robust visual and nonvisual physiological and psychological effects in humans, such as emotional and behavioral responses, as well as changes in cognitive brain activity and performance. The aim of this study was to investigate how colored light exposure (CLE) and a verbal fluency task (VFT) interact and affect cerebral hemodynamics, oxygenation, and systemic physiology as determined by systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy (SPA-fNIRS). 32 healthy adults (17 female, 15 male, age: 25.5 ± 4.3 years) were exposed to blue and red light for 9 min while performing a VFT. Before and after the CLE, subjects were in darkness. We found that this long-term CLE-VFT paradigm elicited distinct changes in the prefrontal cortex and in most systemic physiological parameters. The subjects' performance depended significantly on the type of VFT and the sex of the subject. Compared to red light, blue evoked stronger responses in cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation in the visual cortex. Color-dependent changes were evident in the recovery phase of several systemic physiological parameters. This study showed that the CLE has effects that endure at least 15 min after cessation of the CLE. This underlines the importance of considering the persistent influence of colored light on brain function, cognition, and systemic physiology in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamoon Zohdi
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Egli
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Guthruf
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Neonatology Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Wolf
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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Zohdi H, Scholkmann F, Wolf U. Individual Differences in Hemodynamic Responses Measured on the Head Due to a Long-Term Stimulation Involving Colored Light Exposure and a Cognitive Task: A SPA-fNIRS Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:54. [PMID: 33466405 PMCID: PMC7824905 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
When brain activity is measured by neuroimaging, the canonical hemodynamic response (increase in oxygenated hemoglobin ([O2Hb]) and decrease in deoxygenated hemoglobin ([HHb]) is not always seen in every subject. The reason for this intersubject-variability of the responses is still not completely understood. This study is performed with 32 healthy subjects, using the systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy (SPA-fNIRS) approach. We investigate the intersubject variability of hemodynamic and systemic physiological responses, due to a verbal fluency task (VFT) under colored light exposure (CLE; blue and red). Five and seven different hemodynamic response patterns were detected in the subgroup analysis of the blue and red light exposure, respectively. We also found that arterial oxygen saturation and mean arterial pressure were positively correlated with [O2Hb] at the prefrontal cortex during the CLE-VFT independent of the color of light and classification of the subjects. Our study finds that there is substantial intersubject-variability of cerebral hemodynamic responses, which is partially explained by subject-specific systemic physiological changes induced by the CLE-VFT. This means that both subgroup analyses and the additional assessment of systemic physiology are of crucial importance to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the effects of a CLE-VFT on human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamoon Zohdi
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (H.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (H.Z.); (F.S.)
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Neonatology Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Wolf
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (H.Z.); (F.S.)
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Zouraraki C, Karamaouna P, Karagiannopoulou L, Giakoumaki SG. Schizotypy-Independent and Schizotypy-Modulated Cognitive Impairments in Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenia-spectrum Patients. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2017; 32:1010-1025. [PMID: 28383650 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to compare the neurocognitive profile of unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients with control individuals, controlling for different schizotypal traits. Method One hundred and fifteen adult unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia-spectrum patients and 122 controls were tested for schizotypy with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. They also underwent a thorough neurocognitive assessment with a range of tasks covering several aspects of executive functioning. Between-group differences in cognition were examined first with multivariate analysis of variance and then with a series of multivariate analyses of covariance, including the schizotypal dimensions as covariates. Results The relatives had higher scores on all schizotypal dimensions compared with controls and poorer planning, problem solving, strategy formation and working memory, irrespective of schizotypal traits. They also scored lower in executive working memory and verbal fluency. The difference in executive working memory was sensitive to the effects of paranoid and negative schizotypy (both dimensions abolished the between-group difference) whereas the difference in verbal fluency was sensitive only to the effects of paranoid schizotypy. Neither cognitive-perceptual nor disorganized schizotypy accounted for any differences in neurocognition between relatives and the controls. Conclusions Impairments in planning, problem solving, strategy formation and working memory are "core" impairments in the schizophrenia-spectrum, possibly due to high heritability effects in these functions. Impairments in executive working memory and verbal fluency are associated with paranoid and negative schizotypy, possibly due to alterations in a common fronto-temporo-parietal neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Zouraraki
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno 74100, Crete, Greece
| | - Penny Karamaouna
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno 74100, Crete, Greece
| | - Leda Karagiannopoulou
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno 74100, Crete, Greece
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Yeung MK, Sze SL, Woo J, Kwok T, Shum DHK, Yu R, Chan AS. Altered Frontal Lateralization Underlies the Category Fluency Deficits in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:59. [PMID: 27065857 PMCID: PMC4809883 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been consistently found to have category fluency deficits. However, little is known about the neural basis of these deficits. A diversity of neuroimaging studies has revealed left-lateralized prefrontal activations due to verbal processing and control functions during the performance of category fluency tasks. Given the reports of structural and functional abnormalities in the prefrontal cortices in individuals with MCI, it is conceivable that these individuals would also exhibit altered prefrontal activation patterns during a category fluency task. The present study aimed to investigate the prefrontal dynamics during the category fluency task in older adults with MCI by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Twenty-six older adults with MCI were compared with 26 older adults with normal cognition (NC) who were matched in age, gender, handedness, and educational level. All participants performed a category fluency task while the prefrontal dynamics were recorded. The results showed that the MCI group generated fewer unique words, made fewer switches between subcategories, and generated fewer new subcategories than did the NC group. Importantly, the NIRS results showed that the NC group exhibited a left lateralization of frontal activations during the category fluency task, while the MCI group did not exhibit such a lateralization. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the category fluency performance and the extent of lateralization, suggesting that the category fluency deficits in the MCI group could be related to frontal dysfunction. That is, the rightward shift of frontal activations in the MCI group may reflect the presence of cortical reorganization in which the contralateral regions (i.e., the right hemisphere) are recruited to take over the function that is declining in the specialized regions (i.e., the left hemisphere). Our lateralization finding may serve as an objective neural marker for distinguishing between normal aging and MCI. Our study highlights that an alteration of neural functioning is already present at the prodromal stage of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Yeung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sophia L Sze
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong KongNew Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong KongNew Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Timothy Kwok
- School of Public Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David H K Shum
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Ruby Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Agnes S Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong KongNew Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong KongNew Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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