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Navarrete-Arroyo S, Virtala P, Nie P, Kailaheimo-Lönnqvist L, Salonen S, Kujala T. Infant mismatch responses to speech-sound changes predict language development in preschoolers at risk for dyslexia. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 162:248-261. [PMID: 38492973 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated how infant mismatch responses (MMRs), which have the potential for providing information on auditory discrimination abilities, could predict subsequent development of pre-reading skills and the risk for familial dyslexia. METHODS We recorded MMRs to vowel, duration, and frequency deviants in pseudo-words at birth and 28 months in a sample over-represented by infants with dyslexia risk. We examined MMRs' associations with pre-reading skills at 28 months and 4-5 years and compared the results in subgroups with vs. without dyslexia risk. RESULTS Larger positive MMR (P-MMR) at birth was found to be associated with better serial naming. In addition, increased mismatch negativity (MMN) and late discriminative negativity (LDN), and decreased P-MMR at 28 months overall, were shown to be related to better pre-reading skills. The associations were influenced by dyslexia risk, which was also linked to poor pre-reading skills. CONCLUSIONS Infant MMRs, providing information about the maturity of the auditory system, are associated with the development of pre-reading skills. Speech-processing deficits may contribute to deficits in language acquisition observed in dyslexia. SIGNIFICANCE Infant MMRs could work as predictive markers of atypical linguistic development during early childhood. Results may help in planning preventive and rehabilitation interventions in children at risk of learning impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Navarrete-Arroyo
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Paula Virtala
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peixin Nie
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Kailaheimo-Lönnqvist
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Salonen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teija Kujala
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Özyurt G, Öztürk Y, Turan S, Çıray RO, Tanıgör EK, Ermiş Ç, Tufan AE, Akay A. Are Communication Skills, Emotion Regulation and Theory of Mind Skills Impaired in Adolescents with Developmental Dyslexia? Dev Neuropsychol 2024; 49:99-110. [PMID: 38466040 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2024.2325338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates pragmatic language impairment, Theory of Mind (ToM), and emotion regulation in adolescents with Developmental Dyslexia(DD). The Social Responsiveness Scale-2(SRS) and Children's Communication Checklist-2(CCC-2) scores were found to be statistically significantly higher in the DD group than in healthy controls. DD group had lower performance in ToM skills and they have more difficulties in emotion regulation. We also found that CCC-2 and ToM scores were significantly correlated in adolescents with DD. These results may be important in understanding the difficulties experienced in social functioning and interpersonal relationships in adolescents with DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Özyurt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Katip Çelebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Öztürk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, School of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Serkan Turan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bursa Uludağ University, School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Remzi Oğulcan Çıray
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Karagöz Tanıgör
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Katip Çelebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Çağatay Ermiş
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Evren Tufan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, School of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Aynur Akay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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3
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Paula V, Vesa P, Anastasia G, Anja T, Laurel J T, Teija K. Beneficial effects of a music listening intervention on neural speech processing in 0-28-month-old children at risk for dyslexia. Dev Sci 2023; 26:e13426. [PMID: 37350469 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Familial risk for developmental dyslexia can compromise auditory and speech processing and subsequent language and literacy development. According to the phonological deficit theory, supporting phonological development during the sensitive infancy period could prevent or ameliorate future dyslexic symptoms. Music is an established method for supporting auditory and speech processing and even language and literacy, but no previous studies have investigated its benefits for infants at risk for developmental language and reading disorders. We pseudo-randomized N∼150 infants at risk for dyslexia to vocal or instrumental music listening interventions at 0-6 months, or to a no-intervention control group. Music listening was used as an easy-to-administer, cost-effective intervention in early infancy. Mismatch responses (MMRs) elicited by speech-sound changes were recorded with electroencephalogram (EEG) before (at birth) and after (at 6 months) the intervention and at a 28 months follow-up. We expected particularly the vocal intervention to promote phonological development, evidenced by enhanced speech-sound MMRs and their fast maturation. We found enhanced positive MMR amplitudes in the vocal music listening intervention group after but not prior to the intervention. Other music activities reported by parents did not differ between the three groups, indicating that the group effects were attributable to the intervention. The results speak for the use of vocal music in early infancy to support speech processing and subsequent language development in infants at developmental risk. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Dyslexia-risk infants were pseudo-randomly assigned to a vocal or instrumental music listening intervention at home from birth to 6 months of age. Neural mismatch responses (MMRs) to speech-sound changes were enhanced in the vocal music intervention group after but not prior to the intervention. Even passive vocal music listening in early infancy can support phonological development known to be deficient in dyslexia-risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virtala Paula
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Putkinen Vesa
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Gallen Anastasia
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thiede Anja
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Trainor Laurel J
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Institute for Music and the Mind, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kujala Teija
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Virtala P, Kujala T, Partanen E, Hämäläinen JA, Winkler I. Neural phoneme discrimination in variable speech in newborns - Associations with dyslexia risk and later language skills. Brain Cogn 2023; 168:105974. [PMID: 37037170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2023.105974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
A crucial skill in infant language acquisition is learning of the native language phonemes. This requires the ability to group complex sounds into distinct auditory categories based on their shared features. Problems in phonetic learning have been suggested to underlie language learning difficulties in dyslexia, a developmental reading-skill deficit. We investigated auditory abilities important for language acquisition in newborns with or without a familial risk for dyslexia with electrophysiological mismatch responses (MMRs). We presented vowel changes in a sequence of acoustically varying vowels, requiring grouping of the stimuli to two phoneme categories. The vowel changes elicited an MMR which was significantly diminished in infants whose parents had the most severe dyslexia in our sample. Phoneme-MMR amplitude and its hemispheric lateralization were associated with language test outcomes assessed at 28 months, an age at which it becomes possible to behaviourally test children and several standardized tests are available. In addition, statistically significant MMRs to violations of a complex sound-order rule were only found in infants without dyslexia risk, but these results are very preliminary due to small sample size. The results demonstrate the relevance of the newborn infants' readiness for phonetic learning for their emerging language skills. Phoneme extraction difficulties in infants at familial risk may contribute to the phonological deficits observed in dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Virtala
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Kujala
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - E Partanen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - J A Hämäläinen
- Jyväskylä Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - I Winkler
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Gallagher A, Wallois F, Obrig H. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy in pediatric clinical research: Different pathophysiologies and promising clinical applications. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:023517. [PMID: 36873247 PMCID: PMC9982436 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.2.023517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over its 30 years of existence, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has matured into a highly versatile tool to study brain function in infants and young children. Its advantages, amongst others, include its ease of application and portability, the option to combine it with electrophysiology, and its relatively good tolerance to movement. As shown by the impressive body of fNIRS literature in the field of cognitive developmental neuroscience, the method's strengths become even more relevant for (very) young individuals who suffer from neurological, behavioral, and/or cognitive impairment. Although a number of studies have been conducted with a clinical perspective, fNIRS cannot yet be considered as a truly clinical tool. The first step has been taken in this direction by studies exploring options in populations with well-defined clinical profiles. To foster further progress, here, we review several of these clinical approaches to identify the challenges and perspectives of fNIRS in the field of developmental disorders. We first outline the contributions of fNIRS in selected areas of pediatric clinical research: epilepsy, communicative and language disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We provide a scoping review as a framework to allow the highlighting of specific and general challenges of using fNIRS in pediatric research. We also discuss potential solutions and perspectives on the broader use of fNIRS in the clinical setting. This may be of use to future research, targeting clinical applications of fNIRS in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gallagher
- CHU Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Université de Montréal, LIONLab, Cerebrum, Department of Psychology, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fabrice Wallois
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Inserm U1105, GRAMFC, Amiens, France
| | - Hellmuth Obrig
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Leipzig/Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, Leipzig, Germany
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Discriminatory Brain Processes of Native and Foreign Language in Children with and without Reading Difficulties. Brain Sci 2022; 13:brainsci13010076. [PMID: 36672057 PMCID: PMC9856413 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between impaired speech perception and reading difficulty has been well established in native language processing, as can be observed from brain activity. However, there has been scarce investigation of whether this association extends to brain activity during foreign language processing. The relationship between reading skills and neuronal speech representation of foreign language remains unclear. In the present study, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) with high-density EEG to investigate this question. Eleven- to 13-year-old children typically developed (CTR) or with reading difficulties (RD) were tested via a passive auditory oddball paradigm containing native (Finnish) and foreign (English) speech items. The change-detection-related ERP responses, the mismatch response (MMR), and the late discriminative negativity (LDN) were studied. The cluster-based permutation tests within and between groups were performed. The results showed an apparent language effect. In the CTR group, we found an atypical MMR in the foreign language processing and a larger LDN response for speech items containing a diphthong in both languages. In the RD group, we found unstable MMR with lower amplitude and a nonsignificant LDN response. A deficit in the LDN response in both languages was found within the RD group analysis. Moreover, we observed larger brain responses in the RD group and a hemispheric polarity reversal compared to the CTR group responses. Our results provide new evidence that language processing differed between the CTR and RD groups in early and late discriminatory responses and that language processing is linked to reading skills in both native and foreign language contexts.
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Yang LP, Li CB, Li XM, Zhai MM, Zhao J, Weng XC. Prevalence of developmental dyslexia in primary school children: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Pediatr 2022; 18:804-809. [PMID: 35759111 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a specific impairment during the acquisition of reading skills and may have a lifelong negative impact on individuals. Reliable estimates of the prevalence of DD serve as the basis for evidence-based health resource allocation and policy making. However, the prevalence of DD in primary school children varies largely across studies. Moreover, it is unclear whether there are differences in prevalence in different genders and writing systems. Hence, the present study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the global prevalence of DD and to explore related factors. METHODS We will undertake a comprehensive literature search in 14 databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Cochrane, from their inception to June 2021. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that describe the prevalence of DD will be eligible. The quality of the included observational studies will be assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement. The risk of bias will be determined by sensitivity analysis to identify publication bias. RESULTS One meta-analysis will be conducted to estimate the prevalence of DD in primary school children. Heterogeneity will be assessed in terms of the properties of subjects (e.g., gender, grade and writing system) and method of diagnosis in the included primary studies. Subgroup analyses will also be performed for population and secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION The results will synthesize the prevalence of DD and provide information for policy-makers and public health specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Chun-Bo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Man-Man Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Room 301, 19 Shuyuan Building, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Cangqian, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, 311121, China. .,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Xu-Chu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China. .,Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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8
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Huang A, Zhang J, Wu K, Liu C, Huang Q, Zhang X, Lin X, Huang Y. Exposure to multiple metals and the risk of dyslexia - A case control study in Shantou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119518. [PMID: 35618141 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental heavy metal exposure has been considered to be the risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders in children. However, the available data on the associations between multiple metals exposure and the risk of dyslexia in China are limited. The purpose of our study was to examine the associations between urinary metal concentrations and Chinese dyslexia risk. A total of 56 Chinese dyslexics and 60 typically developing children were recruited. The urinary concentration of 13 metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Binary logistic regression and the Probit extension of Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR-P) were used to explore the associations between multiple metal exposure and the risk of Chinese dyslexia. Our results indicated that Co, Zn and Pb were significantly associated with Chinese dyslexia in the multiple-metal exposure model. After adjusting the covariates, a positive association was observed between Pb and the risk of Chinese dyslexia, with the odds ratio (OR) in the highest quartiles of 6.81 (95%CI: 1.07-43.19; p-trend = 0.024). Co and Zn were negatively associated with the risk of Chinese dyslexia. Compared to the lowest quartile, the ORs of Co and Zn in the highest quartile are 0.13 (95%CI: 0.02-0.72; p-trend = 0.026) and 0.18 (95%CI: 0.04-0.88; p-trend = 0.038), respectively. In addition, BKMR-P analysis indicated that with the cumulative level across Co, Zn and Pb increased, the risk of Chinese dyslexia gradually declined and then rebounded, albeit non-significantly, and Pb was the major contributor in this association. In general, the urinary concentrations of Co, Zn and Pb were significantly associated with Chinese dyslexia. More prospective studies are needed to confirm the health effects of multiple metals exposure in children with Chinese dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyan Huang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, 515065, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingbing Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qingjun Huang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, 515065, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuanzhi Zhang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, 515065, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuecong Lin
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, 515065, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanhong Huang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, 515065, Guangdong Province, China
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9
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Werwach A, Männel C, Obrig H, Friederici AD, Schaadt G. Longitudinal trajectories of electrophysiological mismatch responses in infant speech discrimination differ across speech features. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 56:101127. [PMID: 35763917 PMCID: PMC9250001 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants rapidly advance in their speech perception, electrophysiologically reflected in the transition from an immature, positive-going to an adult-like, negative-going mismatch response (MMR) to auditory deviancy. Although the MMR is a common tool to study speech perception development, it is not yet completely understood how different speech contrasts affect the MMR’s characteristics across development. Thus, a systematic longitudinal investigation of the MMR’s maturation depending on speech contrast is necessary. We here longitudinally explored the maturation of the infant MMR to four critical speech contrasts: consonant, vowel, vowel-length, and pitch. MMRs were obtained when infants (n = 58) were 2, 6 and 10 months old. To evaluate the maturational trajectory of MMRs, we applied second-order latent growth curve models. Results showed positive-going MMR amplitudes to all speech contrasts across all assessment points that decreased over time towards an adult-like negativity. Notably, the developmental trajectories of speech contrasts differed, implying that infant speech perception matures with different rates and trajectories throughout the first year, depending on the studied auditory feature. Our results suggest that stimulus-dependent maturational trajectories need to be considered when drawing conclusions about infant speech perception development reflected by the infant MMR. Understanding speech perception development requires longitudinal investigations. The Mismatch Response (MMR) is valuable to study infants’ speech perception. We investigated the infant MMR longitudinally across three assessment points. MMRs to different speech features became more mature during infants’ first year. Different MMR trajectories imply feature-dependent maturation of speech perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Werwach
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 16, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Claudia Männel
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 16, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Audiology and Phoniatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Hellmuth Obrig
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 16, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Angela D Friederici
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Gesa Schaadt
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstr. 33, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Later but Not Weaker: Neural Categorization of Native Vowels of Children at Familial Risk of Dyslexia. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030412. [PMID: 35326368 PMCID: PMC8946763 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although allophonic speech processing has been hypothesized to be a contributing factor in developmental dyslexia, experimental evidence is limited and inconsistent. The current study compared the categorization of native similar sounding vowels of typically developing (TD) children and children at familial risk (FR) of dyslexia. EEG response was collected in a non-attentive passive oddball paradigm from 35 TD and 35 FR Dutch 20-month-old infants who were matched on vocabulary. The children were presented with two nonwords “giep” [ɣip] and “gip” [ɣIp] that contrasted solely with respect to the vowel. In the multiple-speaker condition, both nonwords were produced by twelve different speakers while in the single-speaker condition, single tokens of each word were used as stimuli. For both conditions and for both groups, infant positive mismatch response (p-MMR) was elicited, and the p-MMR amplitude was comparable between the two groups, although the FR children had a later p-MMR peak than the TD children in the multiple-speaker condition. These findings indicate that FR children are able to categorize speech sounds, but that they may do so in a more effortful way than TDs.
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11
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Virtala P, Putkinen V, Kailaheimo-Lönnqvist L, Thiede A, Partanen E, Kujala T. Infancy and early childhood maturation of neural auditory change detection and its associations to familial dyslexia risk. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 137:159-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Yang L, Li C, Li X, Zhai M, An Q, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Weng X. Prevalence of Developmental Dyslexia in Primary School Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020240. [PMID: 35204003 PMCID: PMC8870220 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a specific learning disorder concerning reading acquisition that may has a lifelong negative impact on individuals. A reliable estimate of the prevalence of DD serves as the basis for diagnosis, intervention, and evidence-based health resource allocation and policy-making. Hence, the present meta-analysis aims to generate a reliable prevalence estimate of DD worldwide in primary school children and explore the potential variables related to that prevalence. Methods: Studies from the 1950s to June 2021 were collated using a combination of search terms related to DD and prevalence. Study quality was assessed using the STROBE guidelines according to the study design, with study heterogeneity assessed using the I2 statistic, and random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. Variations in the prevalence of DD in different subgroups were assessed via subgroup meta-analysis and meta-regression. Results: The pooled prevalence of DD was 7.10% (95% CI: 6.27–7.97%). The prevalence in boys was significantly higher than that in girls (boys: 9.22%, 95%CI, 8.07–10.44%; girls: 4.66%, 95% CI, 3.84–5.54%; p < 0.001), but no significant difference was found in the prevalence across different writing systems (alphabetic scripts: 7.26%, 95%CI, 5.94–8.71%; logographic scripts: 6.97%, 95%CI, 5.86–8.16%; p > 0.05) or across different orthographic depths (shallow: 7.13%, 95% CI, 5.23–9.30%; deep: 7.55%, 95% CI, 4.66–11.04%; p > 0.05). It is worth noting that most articles had small sample sizes with diverse operational definitions, making comparisons challenging. Conclusions: This study provides an estimation of worldwide DD prevalence in primary school children. The prevalence was higher in boys than in girls but was not significantly different across different writing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; (L.Y.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (Q.A.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China;
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiumei Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; (L.Y.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (Q.A.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Manman Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; (L.Y.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (Q.A.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qingqing An
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; (L.Y.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (Q.A.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - You Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; (L.Y.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (Q.A.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuchu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; (L.Y.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (Q.A.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (X.W.)
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13
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Schmied A, Varma S, Dubinsky JM. Acceptability of Neuroscientific Interventions in Education. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2021; 27:52. [PMID: 34351520 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-021-00328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Researchers are increasingly applying neuroscience technologies that probe or manipulate the brain to improve educational outcomes. However, their use remains fraught with ethical controversies. Here, we investigate the acceptability of neuroscience applications to educational practice in two groups of young adults: those studying bioscience who will be driving future basic neuroscience research and technology transfer, and those studying education who will be choosing among neuroscience-derived applications for their students. Respondents rated the acceptability of six scenarios describing neuroscience applications to education spanning multiple methodologies, from neuroimaging to neuroactive drugs to brain stimulation. They did so from two perspectives (student, teacher) and for three recipient populations (low-achieving, high-achieving students, students with learning disabilities). Overall, the biosciences students were more favorable to all neuroscience applications than the education students. Scenarios that measured brain activity (i.e., EEG or fMRI) to assess or predict intellectual abilities were deemed more acceptable than manipulations of mental activity by drug use or stimulation techniques, which may violate body integrity. Enhancement up to the norm for low-achieving students and especially students with learning disabilities was more favorably viewed than enhancement beyond the norm for high-achieving students. Finally, respondents rated neuroscientific applications to be less acceptable when adopting the perspective of a teacher than that of a student. Future studies should go beyond the acceptability ratings collected here to delineate the role that concepts of access, equity, authenticity, agency and personal choice play in guiding respondents' reasoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schmied
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S Varma
- School of Interactive Computing, College of Computing & School of Psychology, College of Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J M Dubinsky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 6-145 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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14
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Silkes JP, Anjum J. The role and use of event-related potentials in aphasia: A scoping review. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2021; 219:104966. [PMID: 34044294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) can provide important insights into underlying language processes in both unimpaired and neurologically impaired populations and may be particularly useful in aphasia. This scoping review was conducted to provide a comprehensive summary of how ERPs have been used with people with aphasia (PWA), with the goal of exploring the potential clinical application of ERPs in aphasia assessment and treatment. We identified 117 studies that met inclusionary criteria, reflecting six thematic domains of inquiry that relate to understanding both unimpaired and aphasic language processing and the use of ERPs with PWA. In these studies, a wide variety of ERP components were reported. Inconsistencies in reporting of participant characteristics and study protocols limit our ability to generalize beyond the individual studies and understand implications for clinical applicability. We discuss the potential roles of ERPs in aphasia management and make recommendations for further developing ERPs for clinical utility in PWA.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn P Silkes
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Rd, SLHS-1518, San Diego, CA 92182-1518, USA.
| | - Javad Anjum
- Speech-Language Pathology, Saint Gianna School of Health Sciences, University of Mary, 7500 University Dr. Bismarck, ND 58504, USA.
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15
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Norton ES, Beach SD, Eddy MD, McWeeny S, Ozernov-Palchik O, Gaab N, Gabrieli JDE. ERP Mismatch Negativity Amplitude and Asymmetry Reflect Phonological and Rapid Automatized Naming Skills in English-Speaking Kindergartners. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:624617. [PMID: 34220468 PMCID: PMC8249724 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.624617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mismatch negativity (MMN), an electrophysiological response to an oddball auditory stimulus, is related to reading ability in many studies. There are conflicting findings regarding exactly how the MMN relates to risk or actual diagnosis of dyslexia/reading impairment, perhaps due to the heterogeneity of abilities in children with reading impairment. In this study, 166 English-speaking kindergarten children oversampled for dyslexia risk completed behavioral assessments and a speech-syllable MMN paradigm. We examined how early and late MMN mean amplitude and laterality were related to two established predictors of reading ability: phonological awareness (PA) and rapid automatized naming (RAN). In bootstrapped group analyses, late MMN amplitude was significantly greater in children with typical PA ability than low PA ability. In contrast, laterality of the early and late MMN was significantly different in children with low versus typical RAN ability. Continuous analyses controlling for child age, non-verbal IQ, and letter and word identification abilities showed the same associations between late MMN amplitude with PA and late MMN laterality with RAN. These findings suggest that amplitude of the MMN may relate to phonological representations and ability to manipulate them, whereas MMN laterality may reflect differences in brain processes that support automaticity needed for reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Norton
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sara D. Beach
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Marianna D. Eddy
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sean McWeeny
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Ola Ozernov-Palchik
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Nadine Gaab
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John D. E. Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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16
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Lohvansuu K, Torppa M, Ahonen T, Eklund K, Hämäläinen JA, Leppänen PHT, Lyytinen H. Unveiling the Mysteries of Dyslexia-Lessons Learned from the Prospective Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia. Brain Sci 2021; 11:427. [PMID: 33801593 PMCID: PMC8066413 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the observations of the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia (JLD). The JLD is a prospective family risk study in which the development of children with familial risk for dyslexia (N = 108) due to parental dyslexia and controls without dyslexia risk (N = 92) were followed from birth to adulthood. The JLD revealed that the likelihood of at-risk children performing poorly in reading and spelling tasks was fourfold compared to the controls. Auditory insensitivity of newborns observed during the first week of life using brain event-related potentials (ERPs) was shown to be the first precursor of dyslexia. ERPs measured at six months of age related to phoneme length identification differentiated the family risk group from the control group and predicted reading speed until the age of 14 years. Early oral language skills, phonological processing skills, rapid automatized naming, and letter knowledge differentiated the groups from ages 2.5-3.5 years onwards and predicted dyslexia and reading development, including reading comprehension, until adolescence. The home environment, a child's interest in reading, and task avoidance were not different in the risk group but were found to be additional predictors of reading development. Based on the JLD findings, preventive and intervention methods utilizing the association learning approach have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Lohvansuu
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (T.A.); (J.A.H.); (P.H.T.L.)
| | - Minna Torppa
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland;
| | - Timo Ahonen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (T.A.); (J.A.H.); (P.H.T.L.)
- Niilo Mäki Institute, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland;
| | - Kenneth Eklund
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland;
| | - Jarmo A. Hämäläinen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (T.A.); (J.A.H.); (P.H.T.L.)
| | - Paavo H. T. Leppänen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (T.A.); (J.A.H.); (P.H.T.L.)
| | - Heikki Lyytinen
- Niilo Mäki Institute, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland;
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17
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de Klerk M, de Bree E, Veen D, Wijnen F. Speech discrimination in infants at family risk of dyslexia: Group and individual-based analyses. J Exp Child Psychol 2021; 206:105066. [PMID: 33571710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2020.105066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Deficiencies in discriminating and identifying speech sounds have been widely attested in individuals with dyslexia as well as in young children at family risk (FR) of dyslexia. A speech perception deficit has been hypothesized to be causally related to reading and spelling difficulties. So far, however, early speech perception of FR infants has not been assessed at different ages within a single experimental design. Furthermore, a combination of group- and individual-based analyses has not been made. In this cross-sectional study, vowel discrimination of 6-, 8-, and 10-month-old Dutch FR infants and their nonrisk (no-FR) peers was assessed. Infants (N = 196) were tested on a native English /aː/-/eː/ and non-native English /ɛ/-/æ/ contrast using a hybrid visual habituation paradigm. Frequentist analyses were used to interpret group differences. Bayesian hierarchical modeling was used to classify individuals as speech sound discriminators. FR and no-FR infants discriminated the native contrast at all ages. However, individual classification of the no-FR infants suggests improved discrimination with age, but not for the FR infants. No-FR infants discriminated the non-native contrast at 6 and 10 months, but not at 8 months. FR infants did not show evidence of discriminating the contrast at any of the ages, with 0% being classified as discriminators. The group- and individual-based data are complementary and together point toward speech perception differences between the groups. The findings also indicate that conducting individual analyses on hybrid visual habituation outcomes is possible. These outcomes form a fruitful avenue for gaining more understanding of development, group differences, and prospective relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje de Klerk
- Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Utrecht University, 3512 JK Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Elise de Bree
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, 1001 NG Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Duco Veen
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Wijnen
- Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Utrecht University, 3512 JK Utrecht, the Netherlands
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18
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Cummings AE, Ogiela DA, Wu YC. Evidence for [Coronal] Underspecification in Typical and Atypical Phonological Development. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 14:580697. [PMID: 33414710 PMCID: PMC7782969 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.580697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Featurally Underspecified Lexicon (FUL) theory predicts that [coronal] is the language universal default place of articulation for phonemes. This assumption has been consistently supported with adult behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data; however, this underspecification claim has not been tested in developmental populations. The purpose of this study was to determine whether children demonstrate [coronal] underspecification patterns similar to those of adults. Two English consonants differing in place of articulation, [labial] /b/ and [coronal] /d/, were presented to 24 children (ages 4-6 years) characterized by either a typically developing phonological system (TD) or a phonological disorder (PD). Two syllables, /bɑ/ and /dɑ/, were presented in an ERP oddball paradigm where both syllables served as the standard and deviant stimulus in opposite stimulus sets. Underspecification was examined with three analyses: traditional mean amplitude measurements, cluster-based permutation tests, and single-trial general linear model (GLM) analyses of single-subject data. Contrary to previous adult findings, children with PD demonstrated a large positive mismatch response (PMR) to /bɑ/ while the children with TD exhibited a negative mismatch response (MMN); significant group differences were not observed in the /dɑ/ responses. Moreover, the /bɑ/ deviant ERP response was significantly larger in the TD children than in the children with PD. At the single-subject level, more children demonstrated mismatch responses to /dɑ/ than to /bɑ/, though some children had a /bɑ/ mismatch response and no /dɑ/ mismatch response. While both groups of children demonstrated similar responses to the underspecified /dɑ/, their neural responses to the more specified /bɑ/ varied. These findings are interpreted within a proposed developmental model of phonological underspecification, wherein children with PD are functioning at a developmentally less mature stage of phonological acquisition than their same-aged TD peers. Thus, phonological underspecification is a phenomenon that likely develops over time with experience and exposure to language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycia E Cummings
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Idaho State University, Meridian, ID, United States
| | - Diane A Ogiela
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Idaho State University, Meridian, ID, United States
| | - Ying C Wu
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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19
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Rufener KS, Zaehle T. Dysfunctional auditory gamma oscillations in developmental dyslexia: A potential target for a tACS-based intervention. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 264:211-232. [PMID: 34167657 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Interventions in developmental dyslexia typically consist of orthography-based reading and writing trainings. However, their efficacy is limited and, consequently, the symptoms persist into adulthood. Critical for this lack of efficacy is the still ongoing debate about the core deficit in dyslexia and its underlying neurobiological causes. There is ample evidence on phonological as well as auditory temporal processing deficits in dyslexia and, on the other hand, cortical gamma oscillations in the auditory cortex as functionally relevant for the extraction of linguistically meaningful information units from the acoustic signal. The present work aims to shed more light on the link between auditory gamma oscillations, phonological awareness, and literacy skills in dyslexia. By mean of EEG, individual gamma frequencies were assessed in a group of children and adolescents diagnosed with dyslexia as well as in an age-matched control group with typical literacy skills. Furthermore, phonological awareness was assessed in both groups, while in dyslexic participants also reading and writing performance was measured. We found significantly lower gamma peak frequencies as well as lower phonological awareness scores in dyslexic participants compared to age-matched controls. Additionally, results showed a positive correlation between the individual gamma frequency and phonological awareness. Our data suggest a hierarchical structure of neural gamma oscillations, phonological awareness, and literacy skills. Thereby, the results emphasize altered gamma oscillation not only as a core deficit in dyslexia but also as a potential target for future causal interventions. We discuss these findings considering non-invasive brain stimulation techniques and suggest transcranial alternating current stimulation as a promising approach to normalize dysfunctional oscillations in dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tino Zaehle
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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20
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Roach BJ, Carrión RE, Hamilton HK, Bachman P, Belger A, Duncan E, Johannesen J, Light GA, Niznikiewicz M, Addington J, Bearden CE, S Cadenhead K, Cannon TD, A Cornblatt B, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Seidman L, Tsuang M, Walker EF, Woods SW, Mathalon DH. Reliability of mismatch negativity event-related potentials in a multisite, traveling subjects study. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:2899-2909. [PMID: 33160266 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal methods for measuring mismatch negativity (MMN), an auditory event-related potential (ERP), and quantify sources of MMN variance in a multisite setting. METHODS Reliability of frequency, duration, and double (frequency + duration) MMN was determined from eight traveling subjects, tested on two occasions at eight laboratory sites. Deviant-specific variance components were estimated for MMN peak amplitude and latency measures using different ERP processing methods. Generalizability (G) coefficients were calculated using two-facet (site and occasion), fully-crossed models and single-facet (occasion) models within each laboratory to assess MMN reliability. RESULTS G-coefficients calculated from two-facet models indicated fair (0.4 < G<=0.6) duration MMN reliability at electrode Fz, but poor (G < 0.4) double and frequency MMN reliability. Single-facet G-coefficients averaged across laboratory resulted in improved reliability (G > 0.5). MMN amplitude reliability was greater than latency reliability, and reliability with mastoid referencing significantly outperformed nose-referencing. CONCLUSIONS EEG preprocessing methods have an impact on the reliability of MMN amplitude. Within site MMN reliability can be excellent, consistent with prior single site studies. SIGNIFICANCE With standardized data collection and ERP processing, MMN can be reliably obtained in multisite studies, providing larger samples sizeswithin rare patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Roach
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ricardo E Carrión
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, United States; Center For PsychiatricNeuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island JewishHealth System, Manhasset, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Holly K Hamilton
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Peter Bachman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Erica Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Atlanta VeteransAffairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Jason Johannesen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gregory A Light
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Margaret Niznikiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jean Addington
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscienceand Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kristin S Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Barbara A Cornblatt
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, United States; Center For PsychiatricNeuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island JewishHealth System, Manhasset, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Thomas H McGlashan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Larry Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ming Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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21
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Thiede A, Parkkonen L, Virtala P, Laasonen M, Mäkelä J, Kujala T. Neuromagnetic speech discrimination responses are associated with reading-related skills in dyslexic and typical readers. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04619. [PMID: 32904386 PMCID: PMC7452546 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor neural speech discrimination has been connected to dyslexia, and may represent phonological processing deficits that are hypothesized to be the main cause for reading impairments. Thus far, neural speech discrimination impairments have rarely been investigated in adult dyslexics, and even less by examining sources of neuromagnetic responses. We compared neuromagnetic speech discrimination in dyslexic and typical readers with mismatch fields (MMF) and determined the associations between MMFs and reading-related skills. We expected weak and atypically lateralized MMFs in dyslexic readers, and positive associations between reading-related skills and MMF strength. MMFs were recorded to a repeating pseudoword /ta-ta/ with occasional changes in vowel identity, duration, or syllable frequency from 43 adults, 21 with confirmed dyslexia. Phonetic (vowel and duration) changes elicited left-lateralized MMFs in the auditory cortices. Contrary to our hypothesis, MMF source strengths or lateralization did not differ between groups. However, better verbal working memory was associated with stronger left-hemispheric MMFs to duration changes across groups, and better reading was associated with stronger right-hemispheric late MMFs across speech-sound changes in dyslexic readers. This suggests a link between neural speech processing and reading-related skills, in line with previous work. Furthermore, our findings suggest a right-hemispheric compensatory mechanism for language processing in dyslexia. The results obtained promote the use of MMFs in investigating reading-related brain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Thiede
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - L. Parkkonen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
- Aalto Neuroimaging, Aalto University, Finland
| | - P. Virtala
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Laasonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Phoniatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - J.P. Mäkelä
- BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | - T. Kujala
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Auditory processing deficit in individuals with dyslexia: A meta-analysis of mismatch negativity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 116:396-405. [PMID: 32610180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several previous studies have used mismatch negativity (MMN) to examine the auditory processing deficit in individuals with dyslexia. However, researchers have not clearly determined whether the deficit is general or specific and how it potentially changes with age. Meta-analysis was adopted to quantitatively identify the auditory processing deficit in individuals with dyslexia. By analysing 81 results within 25 publications that employed passive oddball paradigms to explore auditory processing in individuals with dyslexia, we identified that MMN impairment in auditory processing of speech was observed in children (Cohen's d = 0.296) and adults with dyslexia (Cohen's d = 0.486). Besides, adults with dyslexia showed atypical auditory processing of non-speech (Cohen's d = 0.409), which appeared to be related to the types of stimuli. Based on these findings, for individuals with dyslexia, the auditory processing deficit in speech will persist into adulthood, and the auditory processing deficit is general in adults with dyslexia. Because few studies used appropriate non-speech stimuli to examine the auditory processing in children with dyslexia, future studies should focus more on this area.
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23
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Meyer L, Schaadt G. Aberrant Prestimulus Oscillations in Developmental Dyslexia Support an Underlying Attention Shifting Deficit. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa006. [PMID: 34296087 PMCID: PMC8152944 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia (DD) impairs reading and writing acquisition in 5–10% of children, compromising schooling, academic success, and everyday adult life. DD associates with reduced phonological skills, evident from a reduced auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) in the electroencephalogram (EEG). It was argued that such phonological deficits are secondary to an underlying deficit in the shifting of attention to upcoming speech sounds. Here, we tested whether the aberrant MMN in individuals with DD is a function of EEG correlates of prestimulus attention shifting; based on prior findings, we focused prestimulus analyses on alpha-band oscillations. We administered an audio–visual oddball paradigm to school children with and without DD. Children with DD showed EEG markers of deficient attention switching (i.e., increased prestimulus alpha-band intertrial phase coherence [ITPC]) to precede and predict their reduced MMN—aberrantly increased ITPC predicted an aberrantly reduced MMN. In interaction, ITPC and MMN predicted reading abilities, such that poor readers showed both high ITPC and a reduced MMN, the reverse being true in good readers. Prestimulus ITPC may be an overlooked biomarker of deficient attention shifting in DD. The findings support the proposal that an attention shifting deficit underlies phonological deficits in DD, entailing new opportunities for targeted intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Meyer
- Research Group "Language Cycles", Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Gesa Schaadt
- Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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24
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Boltzmann M, Münte T, Mohammadi B, Rüsseler J. Functional and structural neural plasticity effects of literacy acquisition in adulthood. ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR NEUROPSYCHOLOGIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1024/1016-264x/a000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. In Germany, 7.5 Million individuals between 18 and 64 years are considered to be functionally illiterate (Grotlüschen & Riekmann, 2012). Functional illiterates have only rudimentary literacy skills despite attending school for several years. Although they can use written language to a very limited extent, only few functional illiterates attend literacy courses for adults. In addition, most adult literacy courses primarily aim at promoting basic reading and writing skills. Offers specific to workplace literacy are scarce. This review gives an overview of the definition of functional illiteracy. Afterwards, a specific literacy program (AlphaPlus) and its effectiveness will be presented. The reviewed studies indicate that learning to read in adulthood is associated with structural and functional brain changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Boltzmann
- Institute for Neurorehabilitation Research, BDH-Clinic Hessisch Oldendorf, Hessisch Oldendorf
| | - Thomas Münte
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck
- Institute of Psychology 2, University of Lübeck, Lübeck
| | - Bahram Mohammadi
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck
- CNS-LAB, International Neuroscience Institute, (INI), Hannover
| | - Jascha Rüsseler
- Department of Psychology, Otto-Friedrich University of Bamberg, Bamberg
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25
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An extensive pattern of atypical neural speech-sound discrimination in newborns at risk of dyslexia. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:634-646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Lee CY. Neural Underpinnings of Early Speech Perception and Emergent Literacy. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2019; 71:146-155. [PMID: 31018199 DOI: 10.1159/000497058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event-related potential component used to index automatic auditory change detection. Thus, MMN provides an excellent tool to assess the speech sensitivity of infants and children. Although MMN is well established in adults, the polarity and latency of mismatch responses (MMRs) in infants are highly inconsistent across studies. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of MMN studies of speech perception in early infancy. In particular, data from a series of MMN studies of Mandarin lexical tone, vowels, and initial consonants will be presented to demonstrate how phonological saliency, size of deviance, and neural maturation modulate MMRs in early infancy. These data suggest that MMN and positive MMRs index different functional characteristics and may provide information on when and how children's speech perception becomes automatic at different developmental stages. By using MMN to index sensitivity to speech discrimination, dyslexic children usually show reduced or absent MMN, which supports the relationship between phonological sensitivity and literacy. However, children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder showed the typical MMN, but attenuated P3a and enhanced late discriminative negativity. Taken together, the MMR characteristics, including amplitude, peak latency, and the transition of polarity, may be used to index the maturation of speech development and for the early identification of children with atypical language development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ying Lee
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, .,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, .,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, .,Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan,
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27
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Snowling MJ, Gooch D, McArthur G, Hulme C. Language Skills, but Not Frequency Discrimination, Predict Reading Skills in Children at Risk of Dyslexia. Psychol Sci 2018; 29:1270-1282. [PMID: 29791271 DOI: 10.1177/0956797618763090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the claim that auditory processing deficits are a cause of reading and language difficulties. We report a longitudinal study of 245 children at family risk of dyslexia, children with preschool language impairments, and control children. Children with language impairments had poorer frequency-discrimination thresholds than controls at 5.5 years, but children at family risk of dyslexia did not. A model assessing longitudinal relationships among frequency discrimination, reading, language, and executive function skills showed that frequency discrimination was predicted by executive skills but was not a longitudinal predictor of reading or language skills. Our findings contradict the hypothesis that frequency discrimination is causally related to dyslexia or language impairment and suggest that individuals at risk for dyslexia or who have language impairments may perform poorly on auditory processing tasks because of comorbid attentional difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J Snowling
- 1 St John's College, University of Oxford.,2 Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford
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28
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Wachinger C, Volkmer S, Bublath K, Bruder J, Bartling J, Schulte-Körne G. Does the late positive component reflect successful reading acquisition? A longitudinal ERP study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 17:232-240. [PMID: 29159040 PMCID: PMC5683196 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia is a reading disorder that is associated with deficits in phonological processing, where the exact neural basis for those processing deficits remains unclear. In particular, disagreement exists whether degraded phonological representations or an impaired access to the phonological representations causes these deficits. To investigate this question and to trace changes in neurophysiology during the process of reading acquisition, we designed a longitudinal study with event related potentials (ERPs) in children between kindergarten and second grade. We used an explicit word processing task to elicit the late positive component (LPC), which has been shown to reflect phonological processing. A brain-wide analysis of the LPC with an electrode-wise application of mixed effects models showed significantly attenuated amplitudes in the left temporo-parietal region in dyslexic children. Since these differences were only present in the word and not in the picture (i.e. control) condition, the attenuated amplitudes might reflect impaired access to the phonological representations of words. This was further confirmed by the longitudinal development, which showed a rapid increase in amplitude at the beginning of reading instruction and a decrease with continuing automatization, possibly pointing to a progression from grapheme-phoneme parsing to whole word reading. Our longitudinal study provides the first evidence that it is possible to detect neurophysiological differences in the LPC between children with dyslexia and control children in both preliterate and very early stages of reading acquisition, providing new insights about the neurophysiological development and a potential marker of later reading problems. First longitudinal study of the late positive component (LPC) Left temporo-parietal LPC differs between control and dyslexic children. LPC increase at reading acquisition and decrease with automatization in typical readers. Dyslexic children do not show this neurophysiological course of development. Findings might indicate an impaired access to phonological representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wachinger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany.
| | - Susanne Volkmer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Bublath
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Bruder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bartling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany
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