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Zarubin VC, Damme KSF, Vargas T, Osborne KJ, Norton ES, Briggs-Gowan M, Allen NB, Wakschlag L, Mittal VA. Neurodevelopmental vulnerability to psychosis: developmentally-based methods enable detection of early life inhibitory control deficits that predict psychotic-like experiences at the transition to adolescence. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7746-7755. [PMID: 37395596 PMCID: PMC10761594 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172300171x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitory control develops in early childhood, and atypical development may be a measurable marker of risk for the later development of psychosis. Additionally, inhibitory control may be a target for intervention. METHODS Behavioral performance on a developmentally appropriate Go/No-Go task including a frustration manipulation completed by children ages 3-5 years (early childhood; n = 107) was examined in relation to psychotic-like experiences (PLEs; 'tween'; ages 9-12), internalizing symptoms, and externalizing symptoms self-reported at long-term follow-up (pre-adolescence; ages 8-11). ERP N200 amplitude for a subset of these children (n = 34) with electrophysiological data during the task was examined as an index of inhibitory control. RESULTS Children with lower accuracy on No-Go trials compared to Go trials in early childhood (F(1,101) = 3.976, p = 0.049), evidenced higher PLEs at the transition to adolescence 4-9 years later, reflecting a specific deficit in inhibitory control. No association was observed with internalizing or externalizing symptoms. Decreased accuracy during the frustration manipulation predicted higher internalizing, F(2,202) = 5.618, p = 0.004, and externalizing symptoms, F(2,202) = 4.663, p = 0.010. Smaller N200 amplitudes were observed on No-Go trials for those with higher PLEs, F(1,101) = 6.075, p = 0.020; no relationship was observed for internalizing or externalizing symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Long-term follow-up demonstrates for the first time a specific deficit in inhibitory control behaviorally and electrophysiology, for individuals who later report more PLEs. Decreases in task performance under frustration induction indicated risk for internalizing and externalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that pathophysiological mechanisms for psychosis are relevant and discriminable in early childhood, and further, suggest an identifiable and potentially modifiable target for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C Zarubin
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Katherine S F Damme
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Teresa Vargas
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - K Juston Osborne
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Norton
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, School of Communication, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Margaret Briggs-Gowan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Norrina B Allen
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laurie Wakschlag
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research (IPR), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research (IPR), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Kuşman A, Kır Y, Baskak NS, Akaslan DS, Yalçınkaya B, Cengiz EG, Çakmak IB, Altınoklu MU, Artar M, Baskak B. Attachment Security and Cortical Activity Measured by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy During a Working Memory Task in Healthy Young Adults. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2023; 60:214-222. [PMID: 37645080 PMCID: PMC10461773 DOI: 10.29399/npa.28199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Attachment style has been associated with socio-emotional outcomes, however little evidence suggests a possible association with executive functioning. Few studies have demonstrated that attachment style mediates working memory and learning relationships. We hypothesized that attachment style affects performance and cortical activity patterns of working memory. Methods We compared working memory performance and cortical activity in securely and insecurely attached first-year college students (N=49) using three n-back task conditions. Cortical activity was recorded by functional near-infrared spectroscopy during these three conditions of the n-back task. Attachment style was assessed using the Relationship Scale Questionnaire, categorized into four groups. Results Both study groups showed similar working memory performance. The cortical representation of working memory was different between the two groups. The securely attached group demonstrated higher activity in the right superior frontal and superior-medial frontal areas across all n-back conditions as well as in the right superior frontal cortex during the two-back and three-back conditions. The insecurely attached group displayed higher activity in the bilateral supplementary motor area and the left premotor area only during the three-back condition. Conclusion These findings emphasize the potential influence of attachment style on the cortical representation of working memory. Different activity maps between the two groups may reflect varying cognitive strategies employed to achieve a comparable working memory performance. Moreover, these results suggest that each style may have a distinct strategy to achieve attachment-relevant and irrelevant neurocognitive tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Kuşman
- Bulanık State Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Muş, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Kır
- Bursa Acıbadem Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Damla Sayar Akaslan
- Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Büşra Yalçınkaya
- 1Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Müge Artar
- Cappadocia University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Psychology, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Bora Baskak
- 1Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
- Neuroscience And Neurotechnology Center of Excellence
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Pace CS, Muzi S, Morganti W, Steele H. Attachment Stability and Longitudinal Prediction of Psychotic-like Symptoms in Community Adolescents over Four Months of COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6562. [PMID: 37623148 PMCID: PMC10454594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20166562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Background: The Friends and Family Interview (FFI) is assumed to be a valid method to study attachment stability and attachment-related psychopathological processes in adolescence, but no studies have yet tested the test-retest reliability of this interview or the longitudinal association of attachment patterns in response to the FFI from adolescents with symptoms such as psychotic-like experiences (e.g., hallucinations, bizarre behavior, dissociation, self-harm) that are known to have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study involved 102 community adolescents (M = 14.64, SD = 1.63, 46% males) assessed twice: during a severe COVID-19-related lockdown (in Italy) (T1) and four months later (T2). Measures were the FFI (assessing attachment patterns: secure-autonomous, insecure-dismissing, insecure-preoccupied, and insecure-disorganized) and the thought problems scale of the Youth Self-Report to assess psychotic-like symptoms. Results: revealed high stability of four-way attachment classifications over four months (93.5%), with a modest yet significant link between higher disorganization at T1 and higher scores of thought problems at T2, p = 0.010. Conclusions: The FFI shows high test-retest reliability and can be a valid, age-adapted option to assess adolescents' attachment. Attachment disorganization should be further investigated as possibly related to psychotic-like experiences in community adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Serena Pace
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (S.M.); (W.M.)
| | - Stefania Muzi
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (S.M.); (W.M.)
| | - Wanda Morganti
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (S.M.); (W.M.)
| | - Howard Steele
- Center for Attachment Research, New School for Social Research, New York, NY 10011, USA;
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Heffernan T, Hamilton C, Neave N. Self-reported memory and executive function in adult non-clinical hoarders. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023; 30:153-158. [PMID: 34061688 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1917578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hoarding is the excessive acquisition of, and failure to discard of, large numbers of items, leading to personal distress. Impairments on memory and executive functions have been systematically associated with hoarding behavior, predominantly focusing upon clinical (mainly middle-aged-elderly) patients with hoarding and/or PTSD. We were interested in hoarding-related memory and executive problems in younger non-clinical hoarders or non-hoarders, based on their Saving Inventory-Revised scores. In total, 113 young adults (aged 18-35 years) were assigned to either a hoarder group (N = 40) or non-hoarder group (N = 73) determined by their scores on the Saving Inventory-Revised (SI-R). Working memory (WM) and inhibition control (IC) were measured using the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI) and the Dysexecutive Questionnaire Revised (DEX-R) measured general executive function (EF). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale measured anxiety and depression. After controlling for gender and anxiety, the analysis revealed that the hoarders reported significantly more problems than the non-hoarders on both the IC and general EF. There was no significant between-group difference on the WM sub-scale ADEXI. Self-reported deficits in IC and EF are associated with hoarding behavior. The IC deficits cold explain hoarders' inability to resist urges to buy, and general EF deficits suggest other domains are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Heffernan
- Hoarding Research Group, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Colin Hamilton
- Hoarding Research Group, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nick Neave
- Hoarding Research Group, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Gong J, Zhang T, Zhou L, Mo Y, Yu F, Liu M, Yang L, Liu J. Gender divergent effect of COMT gene rs4680 polymorphism on the association between executive dysfunction and psychotic-like experiences. Behav Brain Res 2023; 439:114215. [PMID: 36372244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Premorbid cognitive impairments are observed prior to the onset of schizophrenia. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) rs4680 is associated with psychosis and plays a crucial role in the development of the executive function. In addition, genetic COMT variations and gender affect its enzymatic activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COMT rs4680 on the relationship between executive dysfunction and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in college students, with the additional investigation of the gender difference. METHODS A total of 463 students provided biological samples for DNA analysis and the COMT gene rs4680 polymorphism was discriminated by the improved multiplex ligase detection reaction method. They also completed the Prodromal Questionnaire and the Dysexecutive Questionnaire. RESULTS Executive dysfunction significantly predicted positive PLEs in the total, male and female population (β = 0.515, 0.508 and 0.512, p < 0.001). The results of moderated analysis revealed that COMT rs4680 recessive genetic model ('AA genotype' versus 'G carrier') moderated the relationship between executive dysfunction and psychotic-like experience in the total and females (p = 0.002 and p <0.001, respectively), but not in males. CONCLUSION These findings revealed a female-specific effect of COMT rs4680 on the relationship between executive dysfunction and PLEs in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Gong
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200335, China; Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Student Affairs, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- College of Education Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yanzi Mo
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feifei Yu
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Luobin Yang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Shenzhen, China.
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Zhan C, Mao Z, Zhao X, Shi J. Association between Parents’ Relationship, Emotion-Regulation Strategies, and Psychotic-like Experiences in Adolescents. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9060815. [PMID: 35740752 PMCID: PMC9222062 DOI: 10.3390/children9060815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association between the psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and emotion-regulation (ER) strategies of adolescents and their parents’ relationship, and we hypothesized that the parents’ relationship moderates the link between ER strategies and PLEs. We recruited a total of 2708 first-year college students (1659 males and 1049 females) aged 15–20 years (mean = 17.9). Participants completed assessments of PLEs, their use of ER strategies, and reported their parents’ relationship as harmonious, conflicting, or divorced. Regression analyses indicated that the lower the use of the emotion-reappraisal strategy, the greater the use of the emotion-suppression strategy and that parental conflict or divorce predicted the number of PLEs endorsed and the level of distress from the PLEs. The parents’ relationship moderated the association between ER strategies and distress from PLEs. Among those who reported parental conflict or divorce, their lower use of the reappraisal strategy predicted their experiencing higher levels of distress from their PLEs. This study suggested the direct and interactive influence of the parents’ relationship and ER strategies on the presence of PLEs and PLE-related distress levels among adolescents, which may represent potential intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhan
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China;
| | - Ziyu Mao
- Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China;
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chinese-German Institute of Mental Health, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200124, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jingyu Shi
- Division of Medical Humanities & Behavioral Sciences, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200331, China;
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Stramecki F, Misiak B, Gawęda Ł, Prochwicz K, Kłosowska J, Samochowiec J, Samochowiec A, Pawlak E, Szmida E, Skiba P, Cechnicki A, Frydecka D. The Moderating Role of the FKBP5 Gene Polymorphisms in the Relationship between Attachment Style, Perceived Stress and Psychotic-like Experiences in Non-Clinical Young Adults. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061614. [PMID: 35329940 PMCID: PMC8953491 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported that stressful life experiences increase the risk of psychosis and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Common variations of the FKBP5 gene have been reported to impact the risk of psychosis by moderating the effects of environmental exposures. Moreover, anxious and avoidant attachment styles have been shown to increase both the level of perceived stress and the risk for psychosis development. In the present cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate whether variants of the FKBP5 gene moderate the effects of attachment styles and the level of perceived stress on the development of PLEs. A total of 535 non-clinical undergraduates were genotyped for six FKBP5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs3800373, rs9470080, rs4713902, rs737054, rs1360780 and rs9296158). The Psychosis Attachment Measure (PAM), the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and the Prodromal Questionnaire 16 (PQ-16) were administered to assess attachment styles, the level of perceived stress and PLEs, respectively. Anxious attachment style, lower levels of perceived self-efficacy and higher levels of perceived helplessness were associated with a significantly higher number of PLEs. The main effects of attachment style on the severity of PLEs were significant in models testing for the associations with perceived self-efficacy and three FKBP5 SNPs (rs1360780, rs9296158 and rs9470080). The main effect of rs38003733 on the number of PLEs was observed, with GG homozygotes reporting a significantly higher number of PLEs in comparison to T allele carriers. In individuals with dominant anxious attachment style, there was a significant effect of the interaction between the FKBP5 rs4713902 SNP and self-efficacy on the severity of PLEs. Among rs4713902 TT homozygotes, a low level of perceived self-efficacy was associated with higher severity of PLEs. In subjects with non-dominant anxious attachment, a low level of perceived self-efficacy was associated with a higher number of PLEs, regardless of the genotype. Our results indicate that the FKBP5 gene might moderate the relationship between attachment, perceived stress and PLEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Stramecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Gawęda
- Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza Street 1, 00-378 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Prochwicz
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6 Street, 30-060 Krakow, Poland; (K.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Joanna Kłosowska
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6 Street, 30-060 Krakow, Poland; (K.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26 Street, 71-457 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Samochowiec
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Szczecin, 71-017 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Edyta Pawlak
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla Street 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Szmida
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1 Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Paweł Skiba
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1 Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Andrzej Cechnicki
- Department of Community Psychiatry, Medical College Jagiellonian University, Sikorskiego Place 2, 31-115 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Dorota Frydecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Vitriyanti, Rozi NA, Turnip SS. Prevalence of psychotic-like experiences and its predictors among early adolescents from rural areas in Indonesia. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022; 34:126-139. [PMID: 38638054 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2023.2289605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Background: Psychotic symptoms are present in a wide range of both clinical and non-clinical populations. Psychotic symptoms in adolescents often take the form of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), which are considered a risk factor for numerous serious mental illnesses. Socioeconomic disadvantages are across rural areas, and poverty is known as the third most important risk factor of PLEs. However, there have been limited studies on PLEs which focus on populations in rural areas.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of PLEs and investigate their predictors among early adolescents living in rural areas.Method: Data from 629 early adolescents from two rural areas in Indonesia were analysed using descriptive statistics to determine the prevalence of PLEs. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the predictors of PLEs. This was a school-based cross-sectional study, and data were collected using a paper questionnaire.Results: The results showed that the prevalence of PLEs among early adolescents in rural areas is 24.5%. Four significant predictors of PLEs were identified after controlling for sex: emotional problems, age, the number of caregivers in daily life, and psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitriyanti
- Research of Community Mental Health Initiative, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Nabilah Amalina Rozi
- Research of Community Mental Health Initiative, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sherly Saragih Turnip
- Research of Community Mental Health Initiative, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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Cristina ME, Josep PG. Attachment Dimensions predict Social Functioning in persons with Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders, regardless of Symptom Severity. ACTAS ESPANOLAS DE PSIQUIATRIA 2021; 49:269-281. [PMID: 34734642 PMCID: PMC9335082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Attachment patterns and early-life adversities are relevant to understand the role of psychosocial factors in the vulnerability and the development of psychosis. The first aim of the study was to test whether a dimensional attachment instrument, the CAMIR (from French; Cartes: Modèles Individuels de Relation), may differentiate attachment styles by comparing a group of psychotic patients with a non-clinical sample. Also, we hypothesised that attachment dimensions would predict Social Functioning (SF) within the clinical group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pena-Garijo Josep
- Universidad Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, España
Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, España
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Alareqe NA, Roslan S, Taresh SM, Nordin MS. Universality and Normativity of the Attachment Theory in Non-Western Psychiatric and Non-Psychiatric Samples: Multiple Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5770. [PMID: 34072158 PMCID: PMC8198184 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study tests for the first time the validity of universality and normativity assumptions related to the attachment theory in a non-Western culture, using a novel design including psychiatric and non-psychiatric samples as part of a comprehensive exploratory and advanced confirmatory framework. Three attachment assessments were distributed to 212 psychiatric outpatients and 300 non-psychiatric samples in Yemen. The results of the fourteen approaches of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) produce a similar result and assertion that the psychiatric outpatients tend to explore attachment outcomes based on multi-methods, while the non-psychiatric samples suggest an attachment orientation based on multi-traits (self-other). The multiple group-confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) demonstrates that the multi-method model fits the psychiatric samples better than the non-psychiatric samples. Equally, the MG-CFA suggests that the multi-traits model also fits the psychiatric samples better than the non-psychiatric samples. Implications of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samsilah Roslan
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Sahar Mohammed Taresh
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohamad Sahari Nordin
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Selangor 53100, Malaysia;
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Pena-Garijo J, Monfort-Escrig C. The centrality of secure attachment within an interacting network of symptoms, cognition, and attachment dimensions in persons with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: A preliminary study. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 135:60-67. [PMID: 33450466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research in the field of psychosis broadly suggests that symptoms, neurocognitive deficits, social cognition, cognitive biases, and attachment experiences influence each other. However, little is known if any of these constructions play a more central role than others as they interact. METHOD To clarify this issue, we conducted a "network" analysis to explore the interplay among a set of variables related to attachment, cognition domains, and psychotic symptoms in a small sample of outpatients with stabilised schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (n = 25). Eighteen participants (72%) were first-episode patients. We assessed psychotic symptoms, attachment dimensions, neurocognitive performance, "theory of mind", emotion recognition, and "jumping to conclusions" bias using standardised instruments. RESULTS The study provides preliminary evidence about a network structure in which the secure attachment (SA) is the most central "node" within the interacting network considering all centrality measures, followed by general psychopathology. SA was closely connected to self-sufficiency (avoidant attachment) and child traumatism, as well as with neurocognition. Emotion recognition impairment was the most robust connection to positive symptoms and mediated the influence of SA on psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Beyond the importance of symptoms, our results, although preliminary, suggest the need to assess attachment experiences and cognition domains to improve specific interventions that can promote recovery in outpatients with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Pena-Garijo
- Jaume I University. Castellon de la Plana, Spain; Mental Health Service. University Hospital Doctor Peset. Valencia, Spain.
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12
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Grattan RE, Karcher NR, Maguire AM, Hatch B, Barch DM, Niendam TA. Psychotic Like Experiences are Associated with Suicide Ideation and Behavior in 9 to 10 Year Old Children in the United States. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:255-265. [PMID: 33294964 PMCID: PMC8188961 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Those experiencing psychotic like experiences (PLEs) are at higher risk for suicide ideation and behavior. However, it is unclear if PLEs are related to suicide ideation and behavior in children, and whether other factors such as impulsivity or emotion dysregulation might moderate the relationship. We hypothesize that PLEs are associated with suicide ideation and behavior, with impulsivity and emotion dysregulation moderating this relationship, in middle childhood. History of PLEs, suicide ideation and behavior, depression, emotion dysregulation, and impulsivity were assessed for 10,624 children aged 9 to 10.9 years (47.8% female, 34.4% minority race, 20.0% Hispanic) as part of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ study. Hypotheses about associations between variables were assessed using hierarchical linear modeling. PLEs were associated with suicide ideation and suicide behavior even when controlling for depression severity. Emotion dysregulation and impulsivity were also associated with suicide ideation and moderated the relationship between PLEs and suicide ideation. Variation in suicide ideation due to impulsivity and emotion dysregulation appears to be strongest when people are experiencing low levels to no PLEs. Only impulsivity and PLEs were associated with suicide behavior. Depression was associated with suicide ideation, but not suicide behavior. PLEs may be an important risk factor for suicide ideation and behavior in 9 to 10-year-old children, comparable to adult and adolescent populations. When considering prevention of suicidality, these data suggest that considering the relations between PLEs, impulsivity and emotion dysregulation may be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Grattan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California-Davis, 4701 X St, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adrienne M Maguire
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California-Davis, 4701 X St, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Burt Hatch
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California-Davis, 4701 X St, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tara A Niendam
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California-Davis, 4701 X St, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Michielse S, Lange I, Bakker J, Goossens L, Verhagen S, Wichers M, Lieverse R, Schruers K, van Amelsvoort T, van Os J, Marcelis M. White matter microstructure and network-connectivity in emerging adults with subclinical psychotic experiences. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 14:1876-1888. [PMID: 31183775 PMCID: PMC7572337 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Group comparisons of individuals with psychotic disorder and controls have shown alterations in white matter microstructure. Whether white matter microstructure and network connectivity is altered in adolescents with subclinical psychotic experiences (PE) at the lowest end of the psychosis severity spectrum is less clear. DWI scan were acquired in 48 individuals with PE and 43 healthy controls (HC). Traditional tensor-derived indices: Fractional Anisotropy, Axial Diffusivity, Mean Diffusivity and Radial Diffusivity, as well as network connectivity measures (global/local efficiency and clustering coefficient) were compared between the groups. Subclinical psychopathology was assessed with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) questionnaires and, in order to capture momentary subclinical expression of psychosis, the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) questionnaires. Within the PE-group, interactions between subclinical (momentary) symptoms and brain regions in the model of tensor-derived indices and network connectivity measures were investigated in a hypothesis-generating fashion. Whole brain analyses showed no group differences in tensor-derived indices and network connectivity measures. In the PE-group, a higher positive symptom distress score was associated with both higher local efficiency and clustering coefficient in the right middle temporal pole. The findings indicate absence of microstructural white matter differences between emerging adults with subclinical PE and controls. In the PE-group, attenuated symptoms were positively associated with network efficiency/cohesion, which requires replication and may indicate network alterations in emerging mild psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Michielse
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Iris Lange
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jindra Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Goossens
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Verhagen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Wichers
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ritsaert Lieverse
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Schruers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology, Center for Experimental and Learning Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- King's Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, England
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Machteld Marcelis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven (GGzE), Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Srinivasan R, Pearson RM, Johnson S, Lewis G, Lewis G. Maternal perinatal depressive symptoms and offspring psychotic experiences at 18 years of age: a longitudinal study. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7:431-440. [PMID: 32353278 PMCID: PMC7606907 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence exists that maternal depression in the perinatal period has an adverse effect on a range of early childhood outcomes and increases the risk of offspring depression during adolescence. However, the association between maternal depression during the perinatal period and offspring psychotic experiences has not been investigated. We aimed to investigate whether there is an association between maternal antenatal or postnatal depression and offspring psychotic experiences at 18 years of age. METHODS This longitudinal study used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a prospective birth cohort, which recruited 14 541 pregnant women with an estimated delivery date between April 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 1992. Perinatal depression was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); offspring psychotic experiences at 18 years of age were measured using the Psychosis-Like Symptom Interview. Offspring of mothers with complete data on maternal perinatal depression measures, and complete data on outcome (psychotic experiences) and confounding variables were included in the main analysis. For the main analysis, we used logistic regression to examine the associations between maternal depression (antenatal and postnatal) and offspring psychotic experiences at the age of 18 years. We used biprobit regression to model the association between maternal antenatal depression and the two offspring outcomes (psychotic experiences and depression) at 18 years of age jointly. FINDINGS 3067 offspring for whom data were available on maternal perinatal depression and offspring psychotic experiences aged 18 years were included in analyses. Maternal antenatal depressive symptoms were associated with offspring psychotic experiences at 18 years of age, with an unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1·38 (95% CI 1·18-1·61, p=0·0001) and after adjustment for confounders, an OR of 1·26 (1·06-1·49, p=0·0074). Maternal antenatal depressive symptoms were associated with both offspring psychotic experiences at the age of 18 years (n=2830, OR for a 5-point increase in EPDS score: 1·32 [95% CI 1·16-1·51], p<0·0001) and offspring depression at 18 years (OR for a 5-point increase in EPDS score: 1·18 [1·03-1·34], p=0·016). From joint modelling, there was no evidence that the association between maternal antenatal depression and offspring psychotic experiences differed in strength compared with offspring depression (p=0·19). INTERPRETATION The offspring of mothers who experience depression in the perinatal period are more likely to report psychotic experiences at 18 years of age. If the association is found to be causal, it would strengthen the case for identifying and treating maternal depression during and after pregnancy. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Srinivasan
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Sonia Johnson
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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Madjar N, Chubarov E, Zalsman G, Weiser M, Shoval G. Social skills, executive functioning and social engagement. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2019; 17:100137. [PMID: 31024800 PMCID: PMC6476806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2019.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The study explored hypothesized mediation of social interaction skills between executive functions and social engagement among adolescents diagnosed with schizophrenia. Participants (N = 92; 62% boys; age = 16.8) were assessed four weeks after hospitalization using previously validated scales. A regression mediation analysis followed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM; with bootstrap analysis) supported the hypothesis. Executive functions were significantly associated with communication skills, which in turn was associated with social engagement (indirect effect = 0.29; standardized). These findings highlight the importance of understanding the heterogeneity of executive functions among adolescent patients with schizophrenia, and the subsequent association with their social skills and engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Madjar
- Bar-Ilan University, School of Education, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Corresponding author at: School of Education, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb St., Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
| | - Elena Chubarov
- Child and Adolescent Division, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Zalsman
- Child and Adolescent Division, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Weiser
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gal Shoval
- Child and Adolescent Division, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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