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Langwerden RJ, Morris SL, Fernandez SB, Contreras-Pérez ME, Hospital MM, Wagner EF. Preliminary Effects of a Guided Self-Change Intervention on Perceived Risk and Self-Efficacy in University Students Engaging in Cannabis or Alcohol Misuse. CANNABIS (ALBUQUERQUE, N.M.) 2023; 6:127-138. [PMID: 38035169 PMCID: PMC10683752 DOI: 10.26828/cannabis/2023/000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Guided Self-Change (GSC) is a Motivational Interviewing (MI)-based early intervention program, infused with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), for individuals with substance use problems. In this study, we implemented a 4-session GSC program with the innovative addition of mindfulness-based techniques at a minority-serving institution to reduce substance use and negative consequences among self-referred university students. We investigated processes that may be associated with behavior change, including perceived risk of use and self-efficacy ratings among university students who reported their primary substance of choice was cannabis (n = 18) or alcohol (n = 18). The sample of 36 participants (Mage = 24.4, SDage = 5, range 18-37) mostly identified as female (58.3%), then male (41.7%); 52.8% identified as Hispanic/Latine, 22.2% as Black or African American, and 19.5% as a sexual minority. Among cannabis primary using students, results indicated that the perceived risk of weekly cannabis use, confidence to change, and readiness to change showed statistically significant increases from pre- to post-assessment. Among alcohol primary using students, confidence to change and readiness to change showed statistically significant increases from pre- to post-assessments. All results yielded large effect sizes, which may be inflated due to the small sample size. Findings suggest that over the course of participation in a brief, 4-session targeted GSC program, there were significant increases in perceived risk and self-efficacy among minority university students who engage in primary cannabis or primary alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert J Langwerden
- Community Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Staci L Morris
- Community Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sofia B Fernandez
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - María Eugenia Contreras-Pérez
- Community Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michelle M Hospital
- Community Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eric F Wagner
- Community Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Hu S, Lin A, Luo P, Zhang J. Association of cannabis use with depression among cancer patients. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102304. [PMID: 37455758 PMCID: PMC10339049 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate of cannabis use by cancer patients is climbing. However, as the risk of mental illness caused by cannabis use in cancer patients has not been effectively evaluated, this study will analyze the association between cannabis use and depression in cancer patients. This study collected data from respondents to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2018. A total of 22,181 respondents self-reported information about cannabis use in questionnaire, of which 893 were diagnosed with cancer. We found that the rate of cannabis use among cancer patients increased each year from 2005 to 2018. We analyzed the association between cannabis use and depression in cancer patients by multivariable logistic regression. Results found that the current cannabis use had a significant positive correlation with increased risk of depression in cancer patients (OR = 2.135, 95% CI = 1.21-3.777, p = 0.009). In our stratified analysis, current cannabis use was associated with an increased risk of depression in cancer patients who were female, had a history of cocaine use, and initiated cannabis use after age 17. (OR = 1.981, 95% CI = 1.024-3.85, P = 0.043; OR = 3.19, 95% CI = 1.61-6.41, P < 0.001; OR = 2.236, 95% CI = 1.018-4.967, P = 0.045). In conclusion, the use of cannabis by cancer patients has an associated risk of depression and the cancer patients who currently use cannabis are more likely to have depression.
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Royse SK, Lopresti BJ, Mathis CA, Tollefson S, Narendran R. Beyond monoamines: II. Novel applications for PET imaging in psychiatric disorders. J Neurochem 2023; 164:401-443. [PMID: 35716057 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Early applications of positron emission tomography (PET) in psychiatry sought to identify derangements of cerebral blood flow and metabolism. The need for more specific neurochemical imaging probes was soon evident, and these probes initially targeted the sites of action of neuroleptic (dopamine D2 receptors) and psychoactive (serotonin receptors) drugs. For nearly 30 years, the centrality of monoamine dysfunction in psychiatric disorders drove the development of an armamentarium of monoaminergic PET radiopharmaceuticals and imaging methodologies. However, continued investments in monoamine-enhancing drug development realized only modest gains in efficacy and tolerability. As patent protection for many widely prescribed and profitable psychiatric drugs lapsed, drug development pipelines shifted away from monoamines in search of novel targets with the promises of improved efficacy, or abandoned altogether. Over this period, PET radiopharmaceutical development activities closely parallelled drug development priorities, resulting in the development of new PET imaging agents for non-monoamine targets. In part two of this review, we survey clinical research studies using the novel targets and radiotracers described in part one across major psychiatric application areas such as substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. Important limitations of the studies described are discussed, as well as key methodologic issues, challenges to the field, and the status of clinical trials seeking to exploit these targets for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Royse
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian J Lopresti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chester A Mathis
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Savannah Tollefson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kim GW, Farabaugh AH, Vetterman R, Holmes A, Nyer M, Nasiriavanaki Z, Fava M, Holt DJ. Diminished frontal pole size and functional connectivity in young adults with high suicidality. J Affect Disord 2022; 310:484-492. [PMID: 35427718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide rates among young people have been increasing in recent years, yet no validated methods are available for identifying those who are at greatest risk for suicide. Abnormalities in the medial prefrontal cortex have been previously observed in suicidal individuals, but confounding factors such as treatment and chronic illness may have contributed to these findings. Thus, in this study we tested whether the size of the medial prefrontal cortex is altered in suicidal young adults who have received no treatment with psychotropic medications. METHODS Suicidality was evaluated using the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) and surface areas of four regions-of-interest (ROIs) within the medial prefrontal cortex were measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a cohort of college students (n = 102). In addition, a secondary seed-based functional connectivity analysis was conducted using resting-state functional MRI data. Areas and functional connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex of young adults with high suicidality (HS; SBQ-R score > 7; n = 20) were compared to those with low suicidality (LS; SBQ-R score = 3, n = 37). RESULTS Compared to the LS group, the HS group had a significantly lower surface area of the right frontal pole (p < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected) and significantly lower functional connectivity of the right frontal pole with the bilateral inferior frontal cortex (p < 0.001, Monte-Carlo corrected). LIMITATION These findings require replication in a larger sample and extension in younger (adolescent) populations. CONCLUSION Diminished frontal pole surface area and functional connectivity may be linked to elevated levels of suicidality in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States of America; Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Amy H Farabaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | - Richard Vetterman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | - Avram Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, United States of America
| | - Maren Nyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | - Zahra Nasiriavanaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | - Daphne J Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States of America; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, United States of America.
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Oh H, Rajkumar R, Banawa R, Zhou S, Koyanagi A. Illicit and prescription drug use and psychotic experiences among university students in the United States. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2098842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ravi Rajkumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Rachel Banawa
- The Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, George, USA
| | - Sasha Zhou
- Department of Public Health, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
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Betz LT, Penzel N, Kambeitz J. A network approach to relationships between cannabis use characteristics and psychopathology in the general population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7163. [PMID: 35504926 PMCID: PMC9065088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use characteristics, such as earlier initiation and frequent use, have been associated with an increased risk for developing psychotic experiences and psychotic disorders. However, little is known how these characteristics relate to specific aspects of sub-clinical psychopathology in the general population. Here, we explore the relationships between cannabis use characteristics and psychopathology in a large general population sample (N = 2,544, mean age 29.2 years, 47% women) by employing a network approach. This allows for the identification of unique associations between two cannabis use characteristics (lifetime cumulative frequency of cannabis use, age of cannabis use initiation), and specific psychotic experiences and affective symptoms, while controlling for early risk factors (childhood trauma, urban upbringing). We found particularly pronounced unique positive associations between frequency of cannabis use and specific delusional experiences (persecutory delusions and thought broadcasting). Age of cannabis use initiation was negatively related to visual hallucinatory experiences and irritability, implying that these experiences become more likely the earlier use is initiated. Earlier initiation, but not lifetime frequency of cannabis use, was related to early risk factors. These findings suggest that cannabis use characteristics may contribute differentially to risk for specific psychotic experiences and affective symptoms in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda T Betz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Nora Penzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Holt DJ. Reply to Evans et al.: Towards informed choice in cannabis use. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:481-482. [PMID: 35282966 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne J Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, United States.
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Evans V, Gonsalves G, Medina-Kirchner C. Relationship between cannabis use and psychotic experiences in college students is overblown: A response to Wright et al., (2021). Schizophr Res 2022; 240:164. [PMID: 35030445 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Evans
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Schermerhorn Hall, 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Grant Gonsalves
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Schermerhorn Hall, 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Christopher Medina-Kirchner
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, Schermerhorn Hall, 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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