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Papageorgiou MP, Filiou MD. Mitochondrial dynamics and psychiatric disorders: The missing link. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024:105837. [PMID: 39089419 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of psychopathology is crucial for optimized diagnosis and treatment. Accumulating literature has underlined how mitochondrial bioenergetics affect major psychiatric disorders. However, how mitochondrial dynamics, a term addressing mitochondria quality control, including mitochondrial fission, fusion, biogenesis and mitophagy, is implicated in psychopathologies remains elusive. In this review we summarize the existing literature on mitochondrial dynamics perturbations in psychiatric disorders/neuropsychiatric phenotypes. We include preclinical/clinical literature on mitochondrial dynamics recalibrations in anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. We discuss alterations in mitochondrial network, morphology and shape; molecular markers of the mitochondrial dynamics machinery and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in animal models and human cohorts in brain and peripheral material. By looking for common altered mitochondrial dynamics patterns across diagnoses/phenotypes, we highlight mitophagy and biogenesis as regulators of anxiety and depression pathophysiology, respectively, as well as the fusion mediator dynamin-like 120kDa protein (Opa1) as a molecular hub contributing to psychopathology. Finally, we comment on limitations and future directions in this novel neuropsychiatry field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Greece; Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Michaela D Filiou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Greece; Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Ioannina, Greece; Institute of Biosciences, University of Ioannina, Greece.
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Pinto Payares DV, Spooner L, Vosters J, Dominguez S, Patrick L, Harris A, Kanungo S. A systematic review on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction/disorders in neurodevelopmental disorders and psychiatric/behavioral disorders. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1389093. [PMID: 39006821 PMCID: PMC11239503 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1389093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mitochondrial diseases are known inborn errors affecting energy metabolism and are as common as chronic diseases such as diabetes, affecting approximately 1 in 5,000 people. The role of mitochondrial diseases/dysfunction has been highlighted in neurodevelopmental disorders like ASD, ADHD, intellectual disability, and speech delay, as well as various psychiatric conditions. Neurodevelopmental disorders are increasingly recognized as having behavioral and psychiatric symptoms. Our study aimed to investigate reports of mitochondrial disorders, noting neurodevelopmental disorders and psychiatric/behavioral conditions. Methods This was done through a systematic review of literature from PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library up to November 2022. Results We found 277 publications, of which 139 met the inclusion criteria. We mostly found review articles with mention of mitochondrial dysfunction/disorder in relation to ASD with brief mentions of psychiatric/behavioral comorbidities. Discussion This suggests a need for broader research efforts beyond ASD to understand the relationship between mitochondrial disorder or dysfunction and various neurodevelopmental and psychiatric/behavioral comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela V. Pinto Payares
- Department of Student Affairs, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Logan Spooner
- Department of Student Affairs, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jennifer Vosters
- Department of Student Affairs, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Samantha Dominguez
- Department of Student Affairs, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Lauren Patrick
- Department of Student Affairs, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Medical Library, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Shibani Kanungo
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
- Department of Medical Ethics, Humanities and Law, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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Yu Y, Yang X, Wu J, Hu G, Bai S, Yu R. A Mendelian randomization study of the effect of mental disorders on cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1329463. [PMID: 38887450 PMCID: PMC11180800 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1329463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The effect of mental disorders (MD) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial, and this study aims to analyze the causal relationship between eight MD and CVD by Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anorexia nervosa (AN), anxiety disorder (ANX), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and CVD were obtained from UK Biobank and FinnGen. Exposure-outcome causality was tested using inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median. Horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity were assessed by MR-Egger intercept and Cochran's Q, respectively, while stability of results was assessed by leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Results MR analysis showed that ANX (IVW [odds ratio (OR) 1.11, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.07-1.15, p < 0.001]; MR-Egger [OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.92-1.14, p = 0.652]; weighted median [OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.14, p = 0.001]), ASD (IVW [OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.09, p = 0.039]; MR-Egger [OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.84-1.07, p = 0.411]; weighted median [OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96-1.06, p = 0.805]), depression (IVW [OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.10-1.19, p < 0.001]; MR-Egger [OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.96-1.26, p = 0.169]; weighted median [OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.08-1.19, p < 0.001]) were significantly associated with increased risk of CVD, whereas ADHD, AN, BD, OCD, and SCZ were not significantly associated with CVD (p > 0.05). Intercept analysis showed no horizontal pleiotropy (p > 0.05). Cochran's Q showed no heterogeneity except for BD (p = 0.035). Sensitivity analysis suggested that these results were robust. Conclusions ANX, ASD, and depression are associated with an increased risk of CVD, whereas AN, ADHD, BD, OCD, and SCZ are not causally associated with CVD. Active prevention and treatment of ANX, ASD, and depression may help reduce the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Hu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyang Bai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Liu Y, Lin H, Liu M, Lin L, Wen Y. Establishment of a Mitochondrial Metabolism-Related Diagnostic Model in Schizophrenia Based on LASSO Algorithm. Psychiatry Investig 2024; 21:618-628. [PMID: 38960439 PMCID: PMC11222072 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2024.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia is a common mental disorder, and mitochondrial function represents a potential therapeutic target for psychiatric diseases. The role of mitochondrial metabolism-related genes (MRGs) in the diagnosis of schizophrenia remains unknown. This study aimed to identify candidate genes that may influence the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia based on MRGs. METHODS Three schizophrenia datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. MRGs were collected from relevant literature. The differentially expressed genes between normal samples and schizophrenia samples were screened using the limma package. Venn analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed MRGs (DEMRGs) in schizophrenia. Based on the STRING database, hub genes in DEMRGs were identified using the MCODE algorithm in Cytoscape. A diagnostic model containing hub genes was constructed using LASSO regression and logistic regression analysis. The relationship between hub genes and drug sensitivity was explored using the DSigDB database. An interaction network between miRNA-transcription factor (TF)-hub genes was created using the Network-Analyst website. RESULTS A total of 1,234 MRGs, 172 DEMRGs, and 6 hub genes with good diagnostic performance were identified. Ten potential candidate drugs (rifampicin, fulvestrant, pentadecafluorooctanoic acid, etc.) were selected. Thirty-four miRNAs targeting genes in the diagnostic model (ANGPTL4, CPT2, GLUD1, MED1, and MED20), as well as 137 TFs, were identified. CONCLUSION Six potential candidate genes showed promising diagnostic significance. rifampicin, fulvestrant, and pentadecafluorooctanoic acid were potential drugs for future research in the treatment of schizophrenia. These findings provided valuable evidence for the understanding of schizophrenia pathogenesis, diagnosis, and drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Meicen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Liping Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Yaohui Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
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Liu X, Wu Y, Li M. Identification of 7 mitochondria-related genes as diagnostic biomarkers of MDD and their correlation with immune infiltration: New insights from bioinformatics analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:86-100. [PMID: 38199392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorders. It becomes more recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathophysiology of depression. However, little research has systematically investigated the mitochondria-related biomarkers for MDD diagnosis. This study aimed to develop a novel diagnostic gene signature in MDD based on mitochondria-related genes. METHOD We identified the differentially expressed mitochondrial-related genes (DeMRGs) by combing the gene expression data of the GEO database with mitochondria-related gene lists obtained from the MitoCarta3.0 database. Next, three kinds of machine-learning algorithms were used to screen characteristic DeMRGs. Then, we constructed a multivariable diagnostic model based on these characteristic genes and evaluated the diagnostic ability of this model. Subsequently, the immune landscape of infiltrated immune cells between MDD patients and controls was evaluated by CIBERSORT. Using consensus clustering analysis, we divided MDD patients into different clusters based on the characteristic DeMRGs expression patterns. Finally, the variations in immune cell infiltration between different clusters, and the correlation between characteristic DeMRGs and immune cell infiltration were analyzed. RESULTS Seven characteristic genes, including PMPCB, MRPS28, LYRM2, MGST1, COX20, PTPMT1, and STX17, were identified from the 31 DeMRGs. Based on the seven characteristic genes, we successfully constructed a diagnostic model which had relatively good diagnostic performance and potential application in the clinical diagnosis of MDD. In addition, our results also imply an intimate and comprehensive association between the characteristic DeMRGs and immune infiltrating cells. CONCLUSION A novel mitochondria-related gene signature with a good diagnostic performance and a relationship with immune microenvironment were identified in major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Liu
- Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan 430012, Hubei Province, China; Department of Depression, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan 430012, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yong Wu
- Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan 430012, Hubei Province, China; Department of Depression, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan 430012, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan 430012, Hubei Province, China; Department of Depression, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan 430012, Hubei Province, China.
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Tripathi K, Ben-Shachar D. Mitochondria in the Central Nervous System in Health and Disease: The Puzzle of the Therapeutic Potential of Mitochondrial Transplantation. Cells 2024; 13:410. [PMID: 38474374 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the energy suppliers of the cells, play a central role in a variety of cellular processes essential for survival or leading to cell death. Consequently, mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in numerous general and CNS disorders. The clinical manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction include metabolic disorders, dysfunction of the immune system, tumorigenesis, and neuronal and behavioral abnormalities. In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial role in the CNS, which has unique characteristics and is therefore highly dependent on the mitochondria. First, we review the role of mitochondria in neuronal development, synaptogenesis, plasticity, and behavior as well as their adaptation to the intricate connections between the different cell types in the brain. Then, we review the sparse knowledge of the mechanisms of exogenous mitochondrial uptake and describe attempts to determine their half-life and transplantation long-term effects on neuronal sprouting, cellular proteome, and behavior. We further discuss the potential of mitochondrial transplantation to serve as a tool to study the causal link between mitochondria and neuronal activity and behavior. Next, we describe mitochondrial transplantation's therapeutic potential in various CNS disorders. Finally, we discuss the basic and reverse-translation challenges of this approach that currently hinder the clinical use of mitochondrial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Tripathi
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Dorit Ben-Shachar
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel
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Kathuria A, Lopez-Lengowski K, Watmuff B, Karmacharya R. Morphological and transcriptomic analyses of stem cell-derived cortical neurons reveal mechanisms underlying synaptic dysfunction in schizophrenia. Genome Med 2023; 15:58. [PMID: 37507766 PMCID: PMC10375745 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmortem studies in schizophrenia consistently show reduced dendritic spines in the cerebral cortex but the mechanistic underpinnings of these deficits remain unknown. Recent genome-wide association studies and exome sequencing investigations implicate synaptic genes and processes in the disease biology of schizophrenia. METHODS We generated human cortical pyramidal neurons by differentiating iPSCs of seven schizophrenia patients and seven healthy subjects, quantified dendritic spines and synapses in different cortical neuron subtypes, and carried out transcriptomic studies to identify differentially regulated genes and aberrant cellular processes in schizophrenia. RESULTS Cortical neurons expressing layer III marker CUX1, but not those expressing layer V marker CTIP2, showed significant reduction in dendritic spine density in schizophrenia, mirroring findings in postmortem studies. Transcriptomic experiments in iPSC-derived cortical neurons showed that differentially expressed genes in schizophrenia were enriched for genes implicated in schizophrenia in genome-wide association and exome sequencing studies. Moreover, most of the differentially expressed genes implicated in schizophrenia genetic studies had lower expression levels in schizophrenia cortical neurons. Network analysis of differentially expressed genes led to identification of NRXN3 as a hub gene, and follow-up experiments showed specific reduction of the NRXN3 204 isoform in schizophrenia neurons. Furthermore, overexpression of the NRXN3 204 isoform in schizophrenia neurons rescued the spine and synapse deficits in the cortical neurons while knockdown of NRXN3 204 in healthy neurons phenocopied spine and synapse deficits seen in schizophrenia cortical neurons. The antipsychotic clozapine increased expression of the NRXN3 204 isoform in schizophrenia cortical neurons and rescued the spine and synapse density deficits. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings in iPSC-derived cortical neurons recapitulate cell type-specific findings in postmortem studies in schizophrenia and have led to the identification of a specific isoform of NRXN3 that modulates synaptic deficits in schizophrenia neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Kathuria
- Harvard University, MGH Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN6, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kara Lopez-Lengowski
- Harvard University, MGH Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN6, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bradley Watmuff
- Harvard University, MGH Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN6, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Harvard University, MGH Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN6, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Schizophrenia & Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
- Program in Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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