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Hu S, Feng W, Shen Y, Jin X, Miao Y, Hou S, Cui H, Zhu H. Greenhouse gases emissions and carbon budget estimation in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands with different plant species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172296. [PMID: 38588732 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are pivotal for wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency and numerous advantages. The impact of plant species and diversity on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from CWs requires a more comprehensive evaluation. Moreover, controversial perspectives persist about whether CWs function as carbon sinks or sources. In this study, horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs vegetated with Cyperus alternifolius, Typhae latifolia, Acorus calamus, and the mixture of these three species were constructed to evaluate pollutant removal efficiencies and GHG emissions, and estimate carbon budgets. Polyculture CWs can stably remove COD (86.79 %), NH4+-N (97.41 %), NO3--N (98.55 %), and TP (98.48 %). They also mitigated global warming potential (GWP) by suppressing N2O emissions compared with monoculture CWs. The highest abundance of the Pseudogulbenkiania genus, crucial for denitrification, was observed in polyculture CWs, indicating that denitrification dominated in nitrogen removal. While the highest nosZ copy numbers were observed in CWs vegetated with Cyperus alternifolius, suggesting its facilitation of denitrification-related microbes. Selecting Cyperus alternifolius to increase species diversity is proposed for simultaneously maintaining the water purification capacity and reducing GHG emissions. Carbon budget estimations revealed that all four types of HSSF CWs were carbon sinks after six months of operation, with carbon accumulation capacity of 4.90 ± 1.50 (Cyperus alternifolius), 3.31 ± 2.01 (Typhae latifola), 1.78 ± 1.30 (Acorus calamus), and 2.12 ± 0.88 (polyculture) kg C/m2/yr. This study implies that under these operation conditions, CWs function as carbon sinks rather than sources, aligning with carbon peak and neutrality objectives and presenting significant potential for carbon reduction efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sile Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Weidong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yuting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xiaoling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yaqin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China.
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Ayotte SH, Allen CR, Parker A, Stein OR, Lauchnor EG. Greenhouse gas production from an intermittently dosed cold-climate wastewater treatment wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171484. [PMID: 38462002 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from a two-stage, cold-climate vertical-flow treatment wetland (TW) treating ski area wastewater at 3 °C average water temperature. The system is designed like a modified Ludzack-Ettinger process with the first stage a partially saturated, denitrifying TW followed by an unsaturated nitrifying TW and recycle of nitrified effluent. An intermittent wastewater dosing scheme was established for both stages, with alternating carbon-rich wastewater and nitrate-rich recycle to the first stage. The system has demonstrated effective chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal in high-strength wastewater over seven years of winter operation. Following two closed-loop, intensive GHG winter sampling campaigns at the TW, the magnitude of N2O flux was 2.2 times higher for denitrification than nitrification. CH4 and N2O emissions were strongly correlated with hydraulic loading, whereas CO2 was correlated with surface temperature. GHG fluxes from each stage were related to both microbial activity and off-gassing of dissolved species during wastewater dosing, thus the time of sampling relative to dosing strongly influenced observed fluxes. These results suggest that estimates of GHG fluxes from TWs may be biased if mass transfer and mechanisms of wastewater application are not considered. Emission factors for N2O and CH4 were 0.27 % as kg-N2O-N/kg-TINremoved and 0.04 % kg-CH4-C/kg-CODremoved, respectively. The system had observed seasonal emissions of 600.5 kg CO2 equivalent of GHGs estimated over 130-days of operation. These results indicate a need for wastewater treatment processes to mitigate GHGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ayotte
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - C R Allen
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - A Parker
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - O R Stein
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - E G Lauchnor
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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Yu G, Chen J, Wang G, Chen H, Huang J, Li Y, Wang W, Song F, Ma Y, Wang Q, Wang M, Ling T, Shu Z, Sun J, Yu Z. Recent advances in constructed wetlands methane reduction: Mechanisms and methods. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1106332. [PMID: 36819020 PMCID: PMC9936987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1106332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are artificial systems that use natural processes to treat wastewater containing organic pollutants. This approach has been widely applied in both developing and developed countries worldwide, providing a cost-effective method for industrial wastewater treatment and the improvement of environmental water quality. However, due to the large organic carbon inputs, CWs is produced in varying amounts of CH4 and have the potential to become an important contributor to global climate change. Subsequently, research on the mitigation of CH4 emissions by CWs is key to achieving sustainable, low-carbon dependency wastewater treatment systems. This review evaluates the current research on CH4 emissions from CWs through bibliometric analysis, summarizing the reported mechanisms of CH4 generation, transfer and oxidation in CWs. Furthermore, the important environmental factors driving CH4 generation in CW systems are summarized, including: temperature, water table position, oxidation reduction potential, and the effects of CW characteristics such as wetland type, plant species composition, substrate type, CW-coupled microbial fuel cell, oxygen supply, available carbon source, and salinity. This review provides guidance and novel perspectives for sustainable and effective CW management, as well as for future studies on CH4 reduction in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlong Yu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jundan Chen
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Huifang Chen
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jiajun Huang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yifu Li
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Technology Center, Hunan Pilot Yanghu Reclaimed Water Co., Ltd., Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Wenming Wang,
| | - Fengming Song
- Technology Center, Hunan Pilot Yanghu Reclaimed Water Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Yuanjun Ma
- Technology Department, Hunan Rongantai Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Technology and Information Department, CCCC-TDC Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Technology and Information Department, CCCC-TDC Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Ling
- Engineering Department, China Railway Wuju Group the First Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zhilai Shu
- Engineering Department, China Railway Wuju Group the First Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Julong Sun
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
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Zhu X, Lei C, Qi J, Zhen G, Lu X, Xu S, Zhang J, Liu H, Zhang X, Wu Z. The role of microbiome in carbon sequestration and environment security during wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155793. [PMID: 35550899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment is an essential aspect of the earth's sustainable future. However, different wastewater treatment methods are responsible for carbon discharge into the environment, raising environmental risks. Hence, such wastewater treatment methods are required that can minimize carbon release without compromising the treatment quality. Microbiome-based carbon sequestration is a potential method for achieving this goal. Limited studies have been carried out to investigate how microbes can capture and utilize CO2. This review summarizes the approaches including microbial electrolytic carbon capture, microbial electrosynthesis, microbial fuel cell, microalgae cultivation, and constructed wetlands that employ microbes to capture and utilize CO2. Electroactive Bacteria (EAB) convert carbon dioxide to carbonates and bicarbonates in subsequent steps after organic matter decomposition. Similarly, microbial electrosynthesis (MES) not only helps capture carbon but also produces secondary products (production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Gram-negative rod Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria) of commercial importance during wastewater treatment. In addition to this, microbial carbon capture cells (MCCs) have been now utilized for energy generation and carbon sequestration at the same time during wastewater treatment. Moreover, microalgae cultivation has also been found to capture CO2 at a rapid pace while releasing O2 as a consequence of photosynthesis. Hence, microbe-based wastewater treatment has quite a potential due to two-fold benefits like carbon sequestration and by-product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zhu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China.
| | - Cheng Lei
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Jing Qi
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Guangyin Zhen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xueqin Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Suyun Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China.
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhichao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Pinelli D, Zanaroli G, Rashed AA, Oertlé E, Wardenaar T, Mancini M, Vettore D, Fiorentino C, Frascari D. Comparative Preliminary Evaluation of 2 In-stream Water Treatment Technologies for the Agricultural Reuse of Drainage Water in the Nile Delta. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2020; 16:920-933. [PMID: 32239751 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the Nile Delta, a complex network of canals collects drainage water from surface-irrigated fields but also from municipal wastewater. The goal of this work was to assess the technical, environmental, and financial feasibility of the upgrade of a drainage canal (DC) into either an in-stream constructed wetland (ICW) or a canalized facultative lagoon (CFL), in order to produce a water reusable in agriculture according to Egyptian law. The model-based design of the proposed technologies was derived from field experimental data for the ICW and laboratory data for the CFL. Both technologies, integrated by a sedimentation pond and a disinfection canal, led to the attainment of the water quality standards imposed by Egyptian Law 92/2013 for the reuse of drainage water. The life cycle assessment indicated that the upgrade of an existing DC to either an ICW or a CFL results in an extremely small environmental burden, ≤0.3% of that of a traditional activated sludge process. The cost-benefit analysis (CBA) was based on the assumptions that 1) farmers currently irrigate a nonfood crop (cotton) with the low-quality drainage water present in the DC, and 2) thanks to the upgrade to a ICW or CFL, farmers will irrigate a food crop characterized by a higher market price (rice). The CBA indicated that the DC upgrade to an ICW represents an attractive investment because it leads to a financial rate of return >10% over a wide range of cotton market prices. Conversely, the upgrade to a CFL is less attractive due to high investment costs. In conclusion, the upgrade of DCs to ICWs appears a promising option for the treatment of drainage canal water in the Nile Delta, thanks to the high pollutant removal performances, low cost, and negligible environmental burden. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:920-933. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pinelli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Zanaroli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ahmed Ali Rashed
- Research Institute for Ground Water, National Water Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emmanuel Oertlé
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz
| | | | - Maurizio Mancini
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario Vettore
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmine Fiorentino
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario Frascari
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Zhang S, Liu F, Luo P, Xiao R, Zhu H, Wu J. Nitrous oxide emissions from pilot scale three-stage constructed wetlands with variable nitrogen loading. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121687. [PMID: 31247526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pilot scale three-stage surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) were constructed to study nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from swine wastewater with different nitrogen levels. The SFCWs had mean total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies and removal rates of 84.6-97.1% and 0.6-2.4 g N m-2 d-1 respectively. The N2O emissions and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) concentration both peaked at a TN value of approximately 100 mg N L-1. N2O emissions had a positive correlation with NO3--N concentration (p < 0.001). This correlation suggests that the effect of TN loading on N2O emissions may be related to NO3--N in aquatic environment. Significant correlation was observed between N2O emission and the gene abundance of N2O reductase (nosZ; p < 0.05). The general linear model revealed that TN loading affected nosZ gene abundance. These results suggest that pollution loading should be considered to balance nitrogen removal and N2O emissions when designing constructed wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, PR China.
| | - Pei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Runlin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Huixiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, PR China
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Chanda A, Das S, Bhattacharyya S, Das I, Giri S, Mukhopadhyay A, Samanta S, Dutta D, Akhand A, Choudhury SB, Hazra S. CO 2 fluxes from aquaculture ponds of a tropical wetland: Potential of multiple lime treatment in reduction of CO 2 emission. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:1321-1333. [PMID: 30577124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Partial pressure of CO2 in water [pCO2(water)] and air-water CO2 flux were estimated in two aquaculture ponds (one received no lime treatment (NTP) and in the other lime treatment was performed (LTP) four times a year) every month throughout an annual cycle, situated in East Kolkata Wetlands, a Ramsar Site in eastern India. It was hypothesized that lime treatment can potentially lower the pCO2(water) in aquaculture ponds and hence make these aquatic bodies sinks for CO2. The results portrayed that NTP acted as a source of CO2 throughout the year (annual mean: 1929 ± 1397 μmol m-2 h-1), whereas, LTP acted as CO2 sinks post lime addition (monthly mean ranged from -366 ± 16 to -449 ± 32 μmol m-2 h-1), though the effect of lime addition was found to diminish by the next month and it acted as source for CO2 in the months when no lime treatment was done (LTP annual mean: 1010 ± 1617 μmol m-2 h-1). Lime treatment increased the pH level and reduced the turbidity which facilitated optimum photosynthesis and the productivity increased rapidly. Beyond the critical pH value of 8.9-9.0, the pCO2(water) values became under-saturated with respect to atmospheric CO2 concentration. The effect of lime treatment was not found to prevail in the following months as a steady source of sewage from the Kolkata metropolis which feeds these aquaculture constantly bring in a huge carbon source both in inorganic and organic form. As soon as the flocculation effect of the lime dies off, the water column starts becoming turbid again which aids in converting the system into a net heterotrophic one from a net autotrophic. Based on the results we could successfully accept our hypothesis that lime treatment can not only reduce the CO2 emission but also make the system a CO2 sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhra Chanda
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sourav Das
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Bhattacharyya
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Isha Das
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Giri
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India; Institute of Environmental Studies and Wetland Management, Department of Environment, Govt. of West Bengal, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 064, India
| | - Anirban Mukhopadhyay
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Samanta
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Dibyendu Dutta
- National Remote Sensing Centre, Department of Space, Government of India, Hyderabad 500042, Telengana, India
| | - Anirban Akhand
- Coastal and Estuarine Environment Research Group, Port and Airport Research Institute, 3-1-1, Nagase, Yokosuka 239-0826, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - S B Choudhury
- National Remote Sensing Centre, Department of Space, Government of India, Hyderabad 500042, Telengana, India
| | - Sugata Hazra
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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Liu X, Zhang K, Fan L, Luo H, Jiang M, Anderson BC, Li M, Huang B, Yu L, He G, Wang J, Pu A. Intermittent micro-aeration control of methane emissions from an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland during agricultural domestic wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:24426-24444. [PMID: 29909533 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is very important to control methane emissions to mitigate global warming. An intermittent micro-aeration control system was used to control methane emissions from an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVCW) to treat agricultural domestic wastewater pollution in this study. The optimized intermittent micro-aeration conditions were a 20-min aeration time and 340-min non-aeration time, 3.9 m3 h-1 aeration intensity, evenly distributed micro-aeration diffusers at the tank bottom, and an aeration period of every 6 h. Methane flux emission by intermittent micro-aeration was decreased by 60.7% under the optimized conditions. The average oxygen transfer efficiency was 26.73%. The control of CH4 emission from IVCWs was most strongly influenced by the intermittent micro-aeration diffuser distribution, followed by aeration intensity, aeration time, and water depth. Scaling up of IVCWs is feasible in rural areas by using intermittent micro-aeration control as a mitigation measure for methane gas emissions for climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College, Chengdu, 611231, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Liangqian Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China.
| | - Mingshu Jiang
- Sichuan Company of China Post Insurance, Chengdu, 610016, China
| | - Bruce C Anderson
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mei Li
- School of Urban and Rural Construction, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Campus of Dujiangyan, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Lijuan Yu
- Campus of Dujiangyan, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Guozhu He
- Campus of Dujiangyan, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Jingting Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Aiping Pu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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9
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Corbella C, Puigagut J, Garfí M. Life cycle assessment of constructed wetland systems for wastewater treatment coupled with microbial fuel cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:355-362. [PMID: 28117158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the environmental impact of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) implemented in constructed wetlands (CWs). To this aim a life cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out comparing three scenarios: 1) a conventional CW system (without MFC implementation); 2) a CW system coupled with a gravel-based anode MFC, and 3) a CW system coupled with a graphite-based anode MFC. All systems served a population equivalent of 1500 p.e. They were designed to meet the same effluent quality. Since MFCs implemented in CWs improve treatment efficiency, the CWs coupled with MFCs had lower specific area requirement compared to the conventional CW system. The functional unit was 1m3 of wastewater. The LCA was performed with the software SimaPro® 8, using the CML-IA baseline method. The three scenarios considered showed similar environmental performance in all the categories considered, with the exception of Abiotic Depletion Potential. In this impact category, the potential environmental impact of the CW system coupled with a gravel-based anode MFC was around 2 times higher than that generated by the conventional CW system and the CW system coupled with a graphite-based anode MFC. It was attributed to the large amount of less environmentally friendly materials (e.g. metals, graphite) for MFCs implementation, especially in the case of gravel-based anode MFCs. Therefore, the CW system coupled with graphite-based anode MFC appeared as the most environmentally friendly solution which can replace conventional CWs reducing system footprint by up to 20%. An economic assessment showed that this system was around 1.5 times more expensive than the conventional CW system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Corbella
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona, 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Puigagut
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona, 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianna Garfí
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona, 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Xu JH, He SB, Wu SQ, Huang JC, Zhou WL, Chen XC. Effects of HRT and water temperature on nitrogen removal in autotrophic gravel filter. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 147:203-209. [PMID: 26766357 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic Carbon added to low ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N ratio) wastewater to enhance heterotrophic denitrification performance might lead to higher operating costs and secondary pollution. In this study, sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) was applied as an electron donor for a gravel filter (one kind of constructed wetland) to investigate effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and water temperature on the nitrate removal efficiency. The results show that with an HRT of 12 h, the average total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies were 91% at 15-20 °C and 18% at 3-6 °C, respectively. When HRT increased to 24 h, the average TN removal increased accordingly to 41% at 3-6 °C, suggesting denitrification performance was improved by extended HRT at low water temperatures. Due to denitrification, 96% of added nitrate nitrogen (NO3(-)-N) was converted to nitrogen gas, with a mean flux of nitrous oxide (N2O) was 0.0268-0.1500 ug m(-2) h(-1), while 98.86% of thiosulfate was gradually converted to sulfate throughout the system. Thus, our results show that the sulfur driven autotrophic denitrification constructed wetland demonstrated an excellent removal efficiency of nitrate for wastewater treatment. The HRT and water temperature proved to be two influencing factors in this constructed wetland treatment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-hang Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Sheng-bing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Su-qing Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jung-Chen Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Wei-li Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xue-chu Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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Barbera AC, Borin M, Cirelli GL, Toscano A, Maucieri C. Comparison of carbon balance in Mediterranean pilot constructed wetlands vegetated with different C4 plant species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:2372-2383. [PMID: 24743957 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions and carbon (C) budgets in a horizontal subsurface flow pilot-plant constructed wetland (CW) with beds vegetated with Cyperus papyrus L., Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty, and Mischantus × giganteus Greef et Deu in the Mediterranean basin (Sicily) during the 1st year of plant growing season. At the end of the vegetative season, M. giganteus showed the higher biomass accumulation (7.4 kg m(-2)) followed by C. zizanioides (5.3 kg m(-2)) and C. papyrus (1.8 kg m(-2)). Significantly higher emissions of CO2 were detected in the summer, while CH4 emissions were maximum during spring. Cumulative CO2 emissions by C. papyrus and C. zizanioides during the monitoring period showed similar trends with final values of about 775 and 1,074 g m(-2), respectively, whereas M. giganteus emitted 3,395 g m(-2). Cumulative CH4 bed emission showed different trends for the three C4 plant species in which total gas release during the study period was for C. papyrus 12.0 g m(-2) and ten times higher for M. giganteus, while C. zizanioides bed showed the greatest CH4 cumulative emission with 240.3 g m(-2). The wastewater organic carbon abatement determined different C flux in the atmosphere. Gas fluxes were influenced both by plant species and monitored months with an average C-emitted-to-C-removed ratio for C. zizanioides, C. papyrus, and M. giganteus of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.9, respectively. The growing season C balances were positive for all vegetated beds with the highest C sequestered in the bed with M. giganteus (4.26 kg m(-2)) followed by C. zizanioides (3.78 kg m(-2)) and C. papyrus (1.89 kg m(-2)). To our knowledge, this is the first paper that presents preliminary results on CO2 and CH4 emissions from CWs vegetated with C4 plant species in Mediterranean basin during vegetative growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C Barbera
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, DISPA, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia, 5-95123, Catania, Italy
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Hua GF, Li L, Zhao YQ, Zhu W, Shen JQ. An integrated model of substrate clogging in vertical flow constructed wetlands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 119:67-75. [PMID: 23454415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an integrated model of substrate clogging in a vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW). The model simulates the reduction of pore space in the wetland substrate due to combined influences of various physical, biogeochemical and plant-related processes. A series of experiments based on laboratory-scale VFCWs were conducted to examine and measure key parameters related to clogging of the wetland substrate during operation under different conditions. The model was then validated using data collected from the experiments. The results showed that the model was able to replicate the clogging phenomenon as observed in the experiments, in particular, the characteristic clogging time. The model also predicted well individual contributions to clogging by accumulated inert suspended solids, microbial biomass and plant root materials during the wetland operation. Although the validation was based on the laboratory data, the results indicated that the model describes well the processes underlying the clogging and has the potential to become a tool for assessing the performance of prototype CWs in relation to clogging at both the design and operation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Hua
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Hohai University, No. 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
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Comparison of greenhouse gas emission accounting for a constructed wetland wastewater treatment system. ECOL INFORM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Morse JL, Ardón M, Bernhardt ES. Greenhouse gas fluxes in southeastern U.S. coastal plain wetlands under contrasting land uses. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012; 22:264-280. [PMID: 22471089 DOI: 10.1890/11-0527.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Whether through sea level rise or wetland restoration, agricultural soils in coastal areas will be inundated at increasing rates, renewing connections to sensitive surface waters and raising critical questions about environmental trade-offs. Wetland restoration is often implemented in agricultural catchments to improve water quality through nutrient removal. Yet flooding of soils can also increase production of the greenhouse gases nitrous oxide and methane, representing a potential environmental trade-off. Our study aimed to quantify and compare greenhouse gas emissions from unmanaged and restored forested wetlands, as well as actively managed agricultural fields within the North Carolina coastal plain, USA. In sampling conducted once every two months over a two-year comparative study, we found that soil carbon dioxide flux (range: 8000-64 800 kg CO2 x ha(-1) x yr(-1)) comprised 66-100% of total greenhouse gas emissions from all sites and that methane emissions (range: -6.87 to 197 kg CH4 x ha(-1) x yr(-1)) were highest from permanently inundated sites, while nitrous oxide fluxes (range: -1.07 to 139 kg N2O x ha(-1) x yr(-1)) were highest in sites with lower water tables. Contrary to predictions, greenhouse gas fluxes (as CO2 equivalents) from the restored wetland were lower than from either agricultural fields or unmanaged forested wetlands. In these acidic coastal freshwater ecosystems, the conversion of agricultural fields to flooded young forested wetlands did not result in increases in greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Morse
- Department of Biology, Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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Bustamante MAO, Mier MV, Estrada JAE, Domíguez CD. Nitrogen and potassium variation on contaminant removal for a vertical subsurface flow lab scale constructed wetland. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:7745-7754. [PMID: 21704519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lab scale constructed wetlands were used to evaluate organic load removal efficiency. Bioreactors were fed with synthetic wastewater (SW) with varying concentrations of nitrogen and potassium. Reactors were planted with species Phragmites australis. Fed theoretic COD was adjusted to 240.0mg-O(2)L(-1), nitrogen levels were 10 and 40 mg-NL(-1) (ammonium sulfate), potassium levels were 5 and 31 mg-KL(-1) (potassium monobasic phosphate). The higher biomass yield, for 0.5 and 0.775 N:K ratios, was related with higher organic load removal. The ratio N:K showed significant differences for organic load abatement, when 1:0.5 and 1:0.775 N:K ratios were applied, 96.8% efficiency was obtained, whereas N:K ratio of 1:0.125 had efficiency of 92.1% and N:K ratio of 1:3.1 showed an efficiency of 90.5%. For planted bioreactor E(H) decreased in 162.7 mV from sample port to 5 cm down to 35 cm depth, while for the bioreactor without plant showed an E(H) decrement of only 17.7 mV.
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Pilot-scale studies of domestic wastewater treatment by typical constructed wetlands and their greenhouse gas emissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11783-009-0155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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