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Sato Y, Yamada A, Miyanaga M, Wang DH. Association of Vegetable and Fruit Consumption with Urinary Oxidative Biomarkers in Teenaged Girls: A School-Based Pilot Study in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10474. [PMID: 36078190 PMCID: PMC9518434 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hexanoyl-lysine (HEL), 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and dityrosine (DT) have served as potential biomarkers for detecting oxidative modified lipids, DNA, and proteins in biological samples, respectively. Whether regular higher levels of consumption of vegetables/fruit (V/F) would decrease oxidative modification of these biomolecules in the body remain unelucidated. To examine the association of regular V/F consumption with the generation of these reactive oxygen species-induced biomarkers, this study evaluated V/F consumption in a school-based sample of teenaged girls (mean age 15.6 ± 1.7 years, n = 103), and quantified the formation of oxidative stress biomarkers in their urine. Only 19.4% and 23.3% of participants reported that they consumed the recommended daily amount of vegetables and fruits, respectively. Individuals who consumed lower levels of fruit (<100g/day) or vegetables (<250g/day) had significantly higher HEL excretion in their urine than those who consumed higher levels of fruit (≥100g/day) (p < 0.05) or vegetables (≥250g/day) (p = 0.057). The results of a multiple regression analysis showed that vegetable consumption was an important inhibiting factor of early lipid peroxidation measured as HEL in urine, independent of various confounders (β = - 0.332, p < 0.05). The findings suggest that relatively higher consumption of vegetables would help in the prevention of early lipid peroxidation in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Sato
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
- Wakayama Shin–ai Junior and Senior High School, Wakayama 640-8151, Japan
| | - Ai Yamada
- Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Osaka 550-0001, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Miyanaga
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Da-Hong Wang
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
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2
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Guo C, Lv S, Liu Y, Li Y. Biomarkers for the adverse effects on respiratory system health associated with atmospheric particulate matter exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126760. [PMID: 34396970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of epidemiological evidence have confirmed the atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure was positively correlated with the morbidity and mortality of respiratory diseases. Nevertheless, its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, probably resulting from the activation of oxidative stress, inflammation, altered genetic and epigenetic modifications in the lung upon PM2.5 exposure. Currently, biomarker investigations have been widely used in epidemiological and toxicological studies, which may help in understanding the biologic mechanisms underlying PM2.5-elicited adverse health outcomes. Here, the emerging biomarkers to indicate PM2.5-respiratory system interactions were summarized, primarily related to oxidative stress (ROS, MDA, GSH, etc.), inflammation (Interleukins, FENO, CC16, etc.), DNA damage (8-OHdG, γH2AX, OGG1) and also epigenetic modulation (DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNAs). The identified biomarkers shed light on PM2.5-elicited inflammation, fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis, thus may favor more precise interventions in public health. It is worth noting that some inconsistent findings may possibly relate to the inter-study differentials in the airborne PM2.5 sample, exposure mode and targeted subjects, as well as methodological issues. Further research, particularly by -omics technique to identify novel, specific biomarkers, is warranted to illuminate the causal relationship between PM2.5 pollution and deleterious lung outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Songqing Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yufan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Liu Y, Dong F. Exploring the effect of urban traffic development on PM 2.5 pollution in emerging economies: fresh evidence from China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57260-57274. [PMID: 34089155 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urban traffic congestion and haze pollution have become the main obstacles to the development of most cities in emerging economies. It is not clear how urban traffic development processes impact on PM2.5 concentration for the cities of emerging economies. Motivated by exploring the relationship between urban traffic development and PM2.5 pollution, 30 provinces in China (a representative emerging economy) from 2007 to 2016 were taken as examples, and threshold regression model and geographically temporally weighted regression model were used to explore the nonlinear relationship and their spatio-temporal heterogeneity. These empirical researches demonstrated that the impact of urban traffic development on PM2.5 pollution has a significant threshold effect. That is, when the road area crosses the threshold, it will significantly aggravate the regional PM2.5 pollution. Meanwhile, regional economic development also shows a significant threshold effect. Moreover, the relationship between urban traffic development and PM2.5 pollution in various Chinese provinces presents significant spatial heterogeneity. Specifically, the Chinese provinces are divided into four categories, and urban planning should be designed for different types for the sustainable development of the economy and environment. Our results not only contribute to advancing the existing literature, but also merit particular attention from urban planners in emerging economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Liu
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Dong
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China.
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Cosselman KE, Allen J, Jansen KL, Stapleton P, Trenga CA, Larson TV, Kaufman JD. Acute exposure to traffic-related air pollution alters antioxidant status in healthy adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110027. [PMID: 32810504 PMCID: PMC8568481 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traffic-related air pollution is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and respiratory disease. Evidence suggests that inhaled pollutants precipitate these effects via multiple pathways involving oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE Postulating that a decrease in circulating antioxidant levels reflect an oxidative response, we investigated the effect of inhaled diesel exhaust (DE) on the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) in healthy adults, and whether pre-exposure antioxidant supplementation blunted this response. We also examined exposure-related changes in antioxidant/stress response leukocyte gene expression (GCLc, HMOX-1, IL-6, TGFβ) and plasma IL-6 levels. METHODS Nineteen nonsmoking adults participated in a double-blind, randomized, four-way crossover study. Each subject completed 120-min exposures to filtered air and DE (200 μg/m3), with and without antioxidant pretreatment. Antioxidant comprised 1000 mg ascorbate for 7 days and 1200 mg N-acetylcysteine 1 day prior to exposure, with 1000 mg and 600 mg, respectively, administered 2 h prior to exposure. Whole blood glutathione was measured pre- and post-exposure; plasma IL-6 and mRNA expression were quantified pre, during and post exposure. RESULTS Diesel exhaust exposure was associated with significantly decreased GSH/GSSG (p = 0.001) and a 4-fold increase in IL-6 mRNA (p = 0.01) post exposure. Antioxidant pretreatment did not significantly mediate the effect of DE exposure on GSH/GSSG, though appeared to decrease the effect of exposure on IL-6 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Acute DE inhalation induced detectable oxidative effects in healthy adults, which were not significantly attenuated by the selected antioxidant pre-treatment. This finding supports the premise that oxidative stress is one mechanism underlying the adverse effects of traffic-related air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason Allen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, USA
| | - Karen L Jansen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, USA
| | | | - Carol A Trenga
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, USA
| | - Timothy V Larson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, USA; Department of Medicine, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Zhu Z, Wu H, Su W, Shi R, Li P, Liao Y, Wang Y, Li P. Effects of Total Flavonoids from Exocarpium Citri Grandis on Air Pollution Particle-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice. J Food Sci 2019; 84:3843-3849. [PMID: 31762039 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exocarpium Citri Grandis (ECG) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine, which has been commonly used to alleviate cough and phlegm for more than several hundred years, and total flavonoids are the main effective components of this medicine. This study investigated the effects of total flavonoids from ECG (TFECG) on pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress induced by PM2.5 in mice. Model mice received an intratracheal instillation of PM2.5 (10 mg/mL) once at day 0. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected after 72 hr to measure the total number of white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils (NEUT), lymphocytes (LYMPH), and monocytes (MONO). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in BALF were quantified by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Lung tissues were used to determine the contents of total protein (TP), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We found that TFECG significantly inhibited PM2.5 -stimulated overproduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 and increased the numbers of WBC, NEUT, LYMPH, and MONO in BALF. TFECG observably relieved the PM2.5 -induced increases in the contents of TP, MDA, and NO, and the activities of LDH and iNOS. TFECG also alleviated PM2.5 -induced decreases in the activities of iNOS and GSH-Px as well as GSH/GSSG ratio. The results indicate that TFECG has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which may potentially contribute to the treatment of PM2.5 -induced lung injury. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Exocarpium Citri Grandis (ECG) is rich in flavonoids, which are beneficial to improve anti-inflammation and antioxidant capacity. We proved that total flavonoids of ECG had a positive therapeutic effect on PM2.5 -induced lung injury, which expands the potential applications of ECG in the dietary supplement industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Zhu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ., 510275, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ., 510275, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ., 510275, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Rui Shi
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ., 510275, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Panlin Li
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ., 510275, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yan Liao
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ., 510275, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ., 510275, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Peibo Li
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ., 510275, Guangzhou, PR China
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Ellegaard PK, Poulsen HE. Tobacco smoking and oxidative stress to DNA: a meta-analysis of studies using chromatographic and immunological methods. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2016; 76:151-8. [PMID: 26767849 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2015.1127407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress to DNA from smoking was investigated in one randomized smoking cessation study and in 36 cohort studies from excretion of urinary 8-oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG). Meta-analysis of the 36 cohort studies showed smoking associated with a 15.7% (95% CL 11.0:20.3, p < 0.0001) increased oxidative stress to DNA, in agreement with the reduction of oxidative stress to DNA found in the smoking cessation study. Meta-analysis of the 22 studies that used chromatography methodology on 1709 persons showed a significant 29.3% increase in smokers (95% CL 17.3;41.3), but meta-analysis of 14 studies on 3668 persons using ELISA methodology showed a non-significant effect of 8.7% [95% CL -1.2;18.6]. Tobacco smoke induces oxidative damage to DNA; however, this is not detected with ELISA methodology. Currently, the use of existing ELISA methodology to measure urinary excretion of 8-oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine cannot be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrik E Poulsen
- b Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen N , Denmark ;,c Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology , Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark ;,d Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Kamal A, Cincinelli A, Martellini T, Malik RN. Biomarkers of PAH exposure and hematologic effects in subjects exposed to combustion emission during residential (and professional) cooking practices in Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1284-1299. [PMID: 26358213 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the exposure of household women and professional male workers to combustion emission in the indoor and semi-outdoor environments, respectively, by using biochemical parameters and the biomarkers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Female (WR n = 60) and male "cooks" (WC n = 60) exposed to the combustion emission of fuel wood and coal in rural/suburban areas of Pakistan were recruited in this study and compared to non-exposed female (CF) and male (CM) groups (n = 32 and 34, respectively). Urinary biomarkers of PAH exposure including 1-hyroxypyrene (1-OHPyr), α-naphthol, and β-naphthol were analyzed together with the biomarkers of effect, including the serum c-reactive proteins (CRP), white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBC), and platelet (PLT) count. In addition, blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) and urinary level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were evaluated to determine the oxidative stress and DNA damage, respectively. A questionnaire was used to document demographic-, health-, and exposure-related information. The results showed that urinary β-naphthol was almost 44% higher in WR subjects than WC (median 7.69 vs. 3.39 μmol/mol-Cr, respectively; p = 0.01) and respective controls (CF). Higher urinary 8-OHdG were observed in WR (71.1 ng/mg-Cr) than WC (56.37 ng/mg-Cr) (p < 0.001), and lower life status and higher degree of headache were observed in WR than WC. In WCs, however, a low Hb and high WBC (8.29 × 10(3) μL(-1), ranging between 6.1 and 10.6 × 10(3) μL(-1)) were observed in comparison with CM. The study shows that WC subjects used larger amount of fuel and were subjected to prolonged exposure. It was concluded that the role of ventilation is fundamental and WR were more exposed to PAHs despite the fact that WC spent more time in cooking (due to occupational requirement) than WR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Kamal
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Alessandra Cincinelli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- CNR, Istituto per la Dinamica dei Processi Ambientali, Via Dorsoduro 2137, 30123, Venezia, Italy
| | - Tania Martellini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1-driven DNA base excision repair: role in asthma pathogenesis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 15:89-97. [PMID: 25486379 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide both an overview and evidence of the potential cause of oxidative DNA base damage and repair signaling in chronic inflammation and histological changes associated with asthma. RECENT FINDINGS Asthma is initiated/maintained by immunological, genetic/epigenetic, and environmental factors. It is a world-wide health problem, as current therapies suppress symptoms rather than prevent/reverse the disease, largely due to gaps in understanding its molecular mechanisms. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage are inseparable phenomena, but their molecular roles in asthma pathogenesis are unclear. It was found that among oxidatively modified DNA bases, 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is one of the most abundant, and its levels in DNA and body fluids are considered a biomarker of ongoing asthmatic processes. Free 8-oxoG forms a complex with 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase-1 and activates RAS-family GTPases that induce gene expression to mobilize innate and adaptive immune systems, along with genes regulating airway hyperplasia, hyper-responsiveness, and lung remodeling in atopic and nonatopic asthma. SUMMARY DNA's integrity must be maintained to prevent mutation, so its continuous repair and downstream signaling 'fuel' chronic inflammatory processes in asthma and form the basic mechanism whose elucidation will allow the development of new drug targets for the prevention/reversal of lung diseases.
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Biomarker as a research tool in linking exposure to air particles and respiratory health. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:962853. [PMID: 25984536 PMCID: PMC4422993 DOI: 10.1155/2015/962853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Some of the environmental toxicants from air pollution include particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and ultrafine particles (UFP). Both short- and long-term exposure could result in various degrees of respiratory health outcomes among exposed persons, which rely on the individuals' health status. Methods. In this paper, we highlight a review of the studies that have used biomarkers to understand the association between air particles exposure and the development of respiratory problems resulting from the damage in the respiratory system. Data from previous epidemiological studies relevant to the application of biomarkers in respiratory system damage reported from exposure to air particles are also summarized. Results. Based on these analyses, the findings agree with the hypothesis that biomarkers are relevant in linking harmful air particles concentrations to increased respiratory health effects. Biomarkers are used in epidemiological studies to provide an understanding of the mechanisms that follow airborne particles exposure in the airway. However, application of biomarkers in epidemiological studies of health effects caused by air particles in both environmental and occupational health is inchoate. Conclusion. Biomarkers unravel the complexity of the connection between exposure to air particles and respiratory health.
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Morfeld P, Bruch J, Levy L, Ngiewih Y, Chaudhuri I, Muranko HJ, Myerson R, McCunney RJ. Translational toxicology in setting occupational exposure limits for dusts and hazard classification - a critical evaluation of a recent approach to translate dust overload findings from rats to humans. Part Fibre Toxicol 2015; 12:3. [PMID: 25925672 PMCID: PMC4443602 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-015-0079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyze the scientific basis and methodology used by the German MAK Commission in their recommendations for exposure limits and carcinogen classification of "granular biopersistent particles without known specific toxicity" (GBS). These recommendations are under review at the European Union level. We examine the scientific assumptions in an attempt to reproduce the results. MAK's human equivalent concentrations (HECs) are based on a particle mass and on a volumetric model in which results from rat inhalation studies are translated to derive occupational exposure limits (OELs) and a carcinogen classification. METHODS We followed the methods as proposed by the MAK Commission and Pauluhn 2011. We also examined key assumptions in the metrics, such as surface area of the human lung, deposition fractions of inhaled dusts, human clearance rates; and risk of lung cancer among workers, presumed to have some potential for lung overload, the physiological condition in rats associated with an increase in lung cancer risk. RESULTS The MAK recommendations on exposure limits for GBS have numerous incorrect assumptions that adversely affect the final results. The procedures to derive the respirable occupational exposure limit (OEL) could not be reproduced, a finding raising considerable scientific uncertainty about the reliability of the recommendations. Moreover, the scientific basis of using the rat model is confounded by the fact that rats and humans show different cellular responses to inhaled particles as demonstrated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) studies in both species. CONCLUSION Classifying all GBS as carcinogenic to humans based on rat inhalation studies in which lung overload leads to chronic inflammation and cancer is inappropriate. Studies of workers, who have been exposed to relevant levels of dust, have not indicated an increase in lung cancer risk. Using the methods proposed by the MAK, we were unable to reproduce the OEL for GBS recommended by the Commission, but identified substantial errors in the models. Considerable shortcomings in the use of lung surface area, clearance rates, deposition fractions; as well as using the mass and volumetric metrics as opposed to the particle surface area metric limit the scientific reliability of the proposed GBS OEL and carcinogen classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Morfeld
- Institute for Occupational Epidemiology and Risk Assessment of Evonik Industries, AG Rellinghauser Straße 1-11, Essen, 45128, Germany.
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Preventive Research, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Joachim Bruch
- University Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Essen, Germany.
- IBE GmbH, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Len Levy
- Cranfield University, ᅟ, Cranfield, UK.
| | | | | | | | - Ross Myerson
- Department of Occupational Health, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA.
- The George Washington University School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Robert J McCunney
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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The role of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 in inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16975-97. [PMID: 25250913 PMCID: PMC4200771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many, if not all, environmental pollutants/chemicals and infectious agents increase intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the site of exposure. ROS not only function as intracellular signaling entities, but also induce damage to cellular molecules including DNA. Among the several dozen ROS-induced DNA base lesions generated in the genome, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) is one of the most abundant because of guanine’s lowest redox potential among DNA bases. In mammalian cells, 8-oxoG is repaired by the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1)-initiated DNA base excision repair pathway (OGG1–BER). Accumulation of 8-oxoG in DNA has traditionally been associated with mutagenesis, as well as various human diseases and aging processes, while the free 8-oxoG base in body fluids is one of the best biomarkers of ongoing pathophysiological processes. In this review, we discuss the biological significance of the 8-oxoG base and particularly the role of OGG1–BER in the activation of small GTPases and changes in gene expression, including those that regulate pro-inflammatory chemokines/cytokines and cause inflammation.
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de Oliveira BFA, Chacra APM, Frauches TS, Vallochi A, Hacon S. A curated review of recent literature of biomarkers used for assessing air pollution exposures and effects in humans. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2014; 17:369-410. [PMID: 25495790 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2014.976893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This is a cross-sectional review of biomarkers used in air pollution research from January 2009 through December 2012. After an initial keyword search in PubMed retrieving 426 articles, a comprehensive abstract review identified 54 articles of experimental design that used biomarkers of exposure or effect in human studies in the area of air pollution research during this specified time period. A thorough bibliographic search of the included articles retrieved an additional 65 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. This review presents these 119 studies and the 234 biomarkers employed in these air pollution research investigations. Data presented are 70 biomarkers of exposure with 54% relating to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 36% volatile organic carbons, and 10% classified as other. Of the 164 biomarkers of effect, 91 and 130 were used in investigating effects of short-term and chronic exposure, respectively. Results of biomarkers used in short-term exposure describe different lag times and pollutant components such as primary and secondary pollutants, and particle number associated with corresponding physiological mechanisms including airway inflammation, neuroinflammation, ocular, metabolic, early endothelial dysfunction, coagulation, atherosclerosis, autonomic nervous system, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. The review presents three different exposure scenarios of chronic, occupational, and extreme exposure scenarios (indoor cooking) with associated biomarker findings presented in three broad categories of (1) immune profile, (2) oxidative stress, and (3) DNA damage. This review offers a representation of the scope of data being explored by air pollution researchers through the use of biomarkers and has deliberately been restricted to this particular subject rather than an extensive or in-depth review. This article provides a contextualization of air pollution studies conducted with biomarkers in human subjects in given areas while also integrating this complex body of information to offer a useful review for investigators in this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fátima Alves de Oliveira
- a Public Health and Environment Post-Graduation , National School of Public Health at Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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Commodore AA, Zhang J(J, Chang Y, Hartinger SM, Lanata CF, Mäusezahl D, Gil AI, Hall DB, Aguilar-Villalobos M, Vena JE, Wang JS, Naeher LP. Concentrations of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-isoprostane in women exposed to woodsmoke in a cookstove intervention study in San Marcos, Peru. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 60:112-22. [PMID: 24041735 PMCID: PMC3863787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nearly half of the world's population is exposed to household air pollution (HAP) due to long hours spent in close proximity to unvented cooking fires. The effect of woodsmoke exposure on oxidative stress was examined by investigating the association between woodsmoke exposure and biomarkers of DNA oxidation (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]) and lipid peroxidation (8-isoprostane) among control and intervention stove users. HAP exposure assessment was conducted within the framework of a community-randomized controlled trial of 51 communities in San Marcos Province, Cajamarca Region, Peru. The first morning urine voids after 48h HAP exposure assessment from a subset of 45 control and 39 intervention stove users were analyzed for 8-OHdG and 8-isoprostane. General linear models and correlation analyses were performed. Urinary oxidative stress biomarkers ranged from 11.2 to 2270.0μg/g creatinine (median: 132.6μg/g creatinine) for 8-OHdG and from 0.1 to 4.5μg/g creatinine (median: 0.8μg/g creatinine) for 8-isoprostane among all study subjects (n=84). After controlling for the effects of traffic in the community and eating food exposed to fire among all subjects, cooking time was weakly, but positively associated with urinary 8-OHdG (r=0.29, p=0.01, n=80). Subjects' real-time personal CO exposures were negatively associated with 8-OHdG, particularly the maximum 30-second CO exposure during the sampling period (r=-0.32, p=0.001, n=73). 48h time integrated personal PM2.5 was negatively, but marginally associated with urinary 8-isoprostane (r=-0.21, p=0.09, n=69) after controlling for the effect of distance of homes to the road. Urinary 8-isoprostane levels reported in the available literature are comparable to results found in the current study. However there were relatively high levels of urinary 8-OHdG compared to data in the available literature for 8-OHdG excretion. Results suggest a sustained systemic oxidative stress among these Peruvian women chronically exposed to wood smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwoa A. Commodore
- Environmental Health Science Department, College of Public Health, University of Georgia Athens, GA USA
| | - Junfeng (Jim) Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Yan Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Stella M. Hartinger
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Daniel Mäusezahl
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana I. Gil
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Daniel B. Hall
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | | | - John E. Vena
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, College of Public Health, University of Georgia Athens, GA USA
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Environmental Health Science Department, College of Public Health, University of Georgia Athens, GA USA
| | - Luke P. Naeher
- Environmental Health Science Department, College of Public Health, University of Georgia Athens, GA USA
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Adetona O, Zhang JJ, Hall DB, Wang JS, Vena JE, Naeher LP. Occupational exposure to woodsmoke and oxidative stress in wildland firefighters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 449:269-75. [PMID: 23434577 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies indicate that exposure to woodsmoke could induce oxidative stress. However studies have not been conducted among the general population and specialized occupational groups despite the existence of elevated woodsmoke exposure situations. Therefore, we investigated whether there were across workshift changes in oxidative stress biomarkers among wildland firefighters who are occupationally exposed to elevated levels of woodsmoke. We collected pre- and post-workshift urine samples from 19 wildland firefighters before and after prescribed burns. We measured malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) in the samples, and analyzed whether there were cross-shift changes in their levels, and the relationships between the changes and the length of firefighting career, age of firefighter, and quantified workshift exposure to particulate matter. Overall no significant cross-shift change was observed for 8-oxodG or MDA in the urine samples of the firefighters. Changes in both biomarkers were also not associated with PM2.5, which was used as a marker of exposure. However, overall unadjusted geometric mean 8-oxo-dG levels in the samples (31 μg/g creatinine) was relatively higher compared to those measured in healthy individuals in many occupational or general population studies. Additionally, cross-shift changes in 8-oxo-dG excretion were dependent on the length of firefighting career (p=0.01) or age of the subject (p=0.01). Significant increases in 8-oxo-dG level from pre-shift to post-shift were observed for those who had been firefighters for 2 years or less. The results indicate that oxidative stress response measured as cross-shift changes in 8-oxo-dG may depend on age or the length of a firefighter's career. These results suggest the need to investigate the longer term health effects of cumulative exposure of woodsmoke exposure among wildland firefighters, because increased body burden of oxidative stress is a risk factor for many diseases and is theorized to be involved in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olorunfemi Adetona
- The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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B SP, Vidyullatha P, Vani GT, Devi RPV, Rani UP, Reddy PP, Prasad HM. Association of gene polymorphism in detoxification enzymes and urinary 8-OHdG levels in traffic policemen exposed to vehicular exhaust. Inhal Toxicol 2013; 25:1-8. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2012.745634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Rossner P, Rossnerova A, Spatova M, Beskid O, Uhlirova K, Libalova H, Solansky I, Topinka J, Sram RJ. Analysis of biomarkers in a Czech population exposed to heavy air pollution. Part II: chromosomal aberrations and oxidative stress. Mutagenesis 2012; 28:97-106. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Khatri M, Bello D, Gaines P, Martin J, Pal AK, Gore R, Woskie S. Nanoparticles from photocopiers induce oxidative stress and upper respiratory tract inflammation in healthy volunteers. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:1014-27. [PMID: 22632457 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.691998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photocopiers emit large quantities of nanoparticles (NPs); however, their toxicological properties have not been studied. Here we investigate for the first time early human responses following a day's exposure to NPs from photocopiers. Nine healthy subjects spent 6 h at a busy photocopy centre on 2-3 randomly selected days. Matched nasal lavage and urine samples were collected before and at different time points post-exposure. Nasal lavage samples were analysed for 14 cytokines, inflammatory cells and total protein. Urine samples were analysed for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). Exposure assessment was conducted using a suite of instruments. The mean total particle number on exposure days was >5 times higher than background, with size distributions in nanoscale range (peak 30-40 nm). Following exposure, 8-OH-dG and several pro-inflammatory cytokines were elevated 2-10 folds compared with pre-exposure levels and remained elevated for up to 36 h. We conclude that NPs from photocopiers induce upper airway inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Khatri
- Department of Work Environment, University of Massachusetts-Lowell , Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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Serdar B, Lee D, Dou Z. Biomarkers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and DNA damage: a cross-sectional pilot study among roofers in South Florida. BMJ Open 2012; 2:bmjopen-2012-001318. [PMID: 22815468 PMCID: PMC3401830 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main goal of this pilot study was to assess the technical and logistic feasibility of a future study. The research hypothesis is that occupational exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are associated with increased risk of DNA damage among roofers who work with hot asphalt. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional pilot study. SETTING The study included roofers from four different construction sites in Miami-Dade County, Florida. PARTICIPANTS 19 roofers were recruited (six Hispanics and 13 African-Americans, all male), all of whom were eligible (no history of cancer and no history of chronic diseases of kidneys or liver). All participants provided pre-shift samples and 18 provided post-shift samples. Samples of one participant were excluded from the final analyses as they were considered unreliable. RESULTS Levels of urinary PAH metabolites increased during 6 h of work. Linear regression models of post-shift metabolites included their pre-shift levels, post-shift urinary creatinine levels (for models of 1-OHPyr and 9-OHPhe), and skin burn due to contact with hot asphalt (for models of 1-OHPyr and 1-OHNap). Pre-shift levels of urinary 8-OHdG were not associated with any of the variables considered. For post-shift levels of 8-OHdG, however, post-shift 1-OHPyr (95% CI 0.091 to 0.788) and use of protective gloves (95% CI -1.57 to -0.61) during work explained 86.8% of its variation. Overall, highest levels of urinary PAH metabolites and of 8-OHdG were observed among workers who reported having skin burn and who did not use gloves during work. CONCLUSIONS Urinary 1-OHPyr is a promising predictor of oxidative DNA damage among roofers. Work-related skin burn and use of protective gloves appear to influence PAH exposure and DNA damage levels in this group, suggesting the importance of dermal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Serdar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zihong Dou
- PharmaOn, Monmouth Junction, New Jersey, USA
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Abstract
Oxidatively damaged DNA is implicated in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases as well as aging. Several methods have been developed to detect oxidatively damaged DNA. They include chromatographic techniques, the Comet assay, (32)P-postlabelling and immunochemical methods that use antibodies to detect oxidized lesions. In this review, we discuss the detection of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-29-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), the most abundant oxidized nucleoside. This lesion is frequently used as a marker of exposure to oxidants, including environmental pollutants, as well as a potential marker of disease progression. We concentrate on studies published between the years 2000 and 2011 that used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry to detect 8-oxodG in humans, laboratory animals and in cell lines. Oxidative damage observed in these organisms resulted from disease, exposure to environmental pollutants or from in vitro treatment with various chemical and physical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Rossner
- Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Lin TS, Wu CC, Wu JD, Wei CH. Oxidative DNA damage estimated by urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and arsenic in glass production workers. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:513-21. [PMID: 22033425 DOI: 10.1177/0748233711416945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A total of 130 male glass workers, including 33 administrative workers, 18 batch house workers, 42 craftsmen, and 37 melting process workers, were recruited to investigate the potential DNA damage resulting from toxic element exposure. The occupational exposure to trace elements, including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and selenium (Se), was estimated by their urinary levels as internal doses. In addition, all participants filled a self-filled questionnaire indicating their individual information. The average levels of urinary As, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were 282.3 ± 464.6, 3.07 ± 5.39, 3.81 ± 11.43, 81.48 ± 138.9, 18.23 ± 49.61, 165.2 ± 224.9, and 17.21 ± 26.34 μg/g creatinine, respectively. The urinary levels of 8-OHdG and toxic elements were strongly associated with the work nature of the worker, with an exception of Mn and Pb. In contrast, the levels of toxic element were not influenced by age, smoking behavior, and alcohol consumption. The urinary 8-OHdG was found significantly higher in higher internal exposure groups of As, Cd, Ni, and Se. However, the stepwise multiple regression models showed that urinary 8-OHdG was only associated with urinary As and heat stress but inversely with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tser-Sheng Lin
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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Increase of urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in diesel exhaust emission inspector exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2011; 85:273-82. [PMID: 21674251 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-011-0663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objectives of this study were to explore the factors influencing urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in diesel engine exhaust emission inspectors (inspectors), the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) levels in diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), and the PAHs exposure levels in diesel vehicle emission inspection stations (inspection stations). METHODS Twenty-eight inspectors and a control group of thirty-eight individuals matched by age and gender were recruited for this study. Fifteen ambient air samples and eighty-four personal air samples were monitored during 3-day work periods using a repeated-measures study design in each inspection station. Airborne samples were analyzed with a fluorescence detector and by high-performance liquid chromatography. Urinary 8-OHdG was measured in 168 pre- and post-work urine samples from inspectors, and in 38 urine samples from controls. RESULTS The concentrations of PAHs in DEP(2.5) (PM(2.5) in DEPs) were significantly and positively related to urinary log(10) 8-OHdG levels after adjusting for smoking status and BMI. Statistically, there was a significant correlation between air log(10) PAHs and air log(10) PM(2.5) concentrations in inspectors. Fifteen PAHs compounds within DEP(2.5) revealed the concentrations ranged from 5.18 to 22.93 ng/m(3) in ambient air monitoring and 1.03 to 12.60 ng/m(3) in personal air monitoring. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to indicate an association between occupational PAHs exposure from DEP(2.5) at an inspection station and an increased excretion of urinary 8-OHdG in inspectors. In addition, this study also found smoking is not a confounder in inspectors exposed to PAHs in DEP(2.5).
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Sauvain JJ, Setyan A, Wild P, Tacchini P, Lagger G, Storti F, Deslarzes S, Guillemin M, Rossi MJ, Riediker M. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and its association with the urinary reducing capacity in bus maintenance workers. J Occup Med Toxicol 2011; 6:18. [PMID: 21619715 PMCID: PMC3135575 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-6-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to particles (PM) induces adverse health effects (cancer, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases). A key-role in these adverse effects seems to be played by oxidative stress, which is an excess of reactive oxygen species relative to the amount of reducing species (including antioxidants), the first line of defense against reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study was to document the oxidative stress caused by exposure to respirable particles in vivo, and to test whether exposed workers presented changes in their urinary levels for reducing species. METHODS Bus depot workers (n = 32) exposed to particles and pollutants (respirable PM4, organic and elemental carbon, particulate metal content, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, NOx, O3) were surveyed over two consecutive days. We collected urine samples before and after each shift, and quantified an oxidative stress biomarker (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine), the reducing capacity and a biomarker of PAH exposure (1-hydroxypyrene). We used a linear mixed model to test for associations between the oxidative stress status of the workers and their particle exposure as well as with their urinary level of reducing species. RESULTS Workers were exposed to low levels of respirable PM4 (range 25-71 μg/m3). However, urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine increased significantly within each shift and between both days for non-smokers. The between-day increase was significantly correlated (p < 0.001) with the concentrations of organic carbon, NOx, and the particulate copper content. The within-shift increase in 8OHdG was highly correlated to an increase of the urinary reducing capacity (Spearman ρ = 0.59, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm that exposure to components associated to respirable particulate matter causes a systemic oxidative stress, as measured with the urinary 8OHdG. The strong association observed between urinary 8OHdG with the reducing capacity is suggestive of protective or other mechanisms, including circadian effects. Additional investigations should be performed to understand these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne + Geneva, 21 rue du Bugnon, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ari Setyan
- Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne + Geneva, 21 rue du Bugnon, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.,University of California, Davis; Department of Environmental Toxicology, 4422 Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Pascal Wild
- Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne + Geneva, 21 rue du Bugnon, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Grégoire Lagger
- EDEL Therapeutics S.A., PSE-B/EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ferdinand Storti
- Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne + Geneva, 21 rue du Bugnon, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simon Deslarzes
- Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne + Geneva, 21 rue du Bugnon, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Guillemin
- Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne + Geneva, 21 rue du Bugnon, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel J Rossi
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Michael Riediker
- Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne + Geneva, 21 rue du Bugnon, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lettieri Barbato D, Tomei G, Tomei F, Sancini A. Traffic air pollution and oxidatively generated DNA damage: can urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxiguanosine be considered a good biomarker? A meta-analysis. Biomarkers 2010; 15:538-45. [PMID: 20545462 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2010.493974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms through which traffic-related air pollution causes adverse effects on human health. The urinary excretion of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8oxodG) has often been used as a biomarker to evaluate the effect of air pollution on subjects occupationally exposed. We used a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of traffic air pollution on urinary 8oxodG levels in healthy workers. We observed higher urinary 8oxodG levels in non-smoking exposed subjects compared with smokers. This difference was clearer when an HPLC assay was used. These results show that urinary 8oxodG can be used as a biomarker to evaluate the pro-oxidant effects of vehicle exhaust emissions on DNA in exposed workers.
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Wang H, Lv S, Li F, Liu Q, Ke S. Study on the changes of urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels and burden of heavy metal around e-waste dismantling site. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:6092-6099. [PMID: 20889187 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To examine the relations between the burden of blood copper (B-Cu), blood ferrous (B-Fe), and the oxidative stress in people around electronic waste (e-waste) recycling sites, this study measured and analyzed the level of urinary 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHDG) of these people. Exposed groups, consisted of female groups (directly exposed group n=100, indirectly exposed group n=54) and male groups (directly exposed group n=98, indirectly exposed group n=34), were chosen from e-waste recycling sites. Control group (female n=59, male=32) was selected from a green plantation. Questionnaire surveys for risk factors were also performed. Results indicated the male directly exposed group (lg8-OHDG nmol/mol creatinine, mean±SD, 3.55±0.49) showed a lower 8-OHDG level than the male control group (lg8-OHDG nmol/mol creatinine, mean±SD, 3.89±0.29) (p<0.01), Meanwhile, an elevated B-Fe in male directly exposed group (lgB-Fe ug/L 3.11±0.25) were observed compared with the male control group (lgB-Fe ug/L 2.83±0.22) (p<0.01). The levels of urinary 8-OHDG were negatively associated with blood ferrous, as confirmed by linear regression model (unstandardized regression coefficient, beta=-0.215, p<0.05). The present study suggests that the exposure to e-waste might cause the elevation of B-Fe and result in the changes of urinary 8-OHDG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wang
- Department of Environment and Health, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, PR China.
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