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Leopold M, Kabicher A, Pap IJ, Ströbele B, Zarfel G, Farnleitner AH, Kirschner AKT. A comparative study on antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolates from Austrian patients and wastewater-influenced Danube River water and biofilms. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 258:114361. [PMID: 38552533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major threat to human health worldwide. AMR can be introduced into natural aquatic ecosystems, for example, from clinical facilities via wastewater emissions. Understanding AMR patterns in environmental populations of bacterial pathogens is important to elucidate propagation routes and develop mitigation strategies. In this study, AMR patterns of Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections and colonised urinary catheters of inpatients and outpatients were compared to isolates from the Danube River within the same catchment in Austria to potentially link environmental with clinical resistance patterns. Susceptibility to 20 antibiotics was tested for 697 patient, 489 water and 440 biofilm isolates. The resistance ratios in patient isolates were significantly higher than in the environmental isolates and higher resistance ratios were found in biofilm in comparison to water isolates. The role of the biofilm as potential sink of resistances was reflected by two extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates in the biofilm while none were found in water, and by higher amoxicillin/clavulanic acid resistance ratios in biofilm compared to patient isolates. Although, resistances to last-line antibiotics such as carbapenems and tigecycline were found in the patient and in the environmental isolates, they still occurred at low frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Leopold
- Division Water Quality and Health, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria; Institute for Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Kabicher
- Division Water Quality and Health, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria; Institute for Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ildiko-Julia Pap
- Clinical Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University Clinic St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Barbara Ströbele
- Clinical Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University Clinic St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Gernot Zarfel
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas H Farnleitner
- Division Water Quality and Health, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria; Institute for Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander K T Kirschner
- Division Water Quality and Health, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria; Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Medical University Vienna, Austria.
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Ferro P, Morales E, Ticona E, Ferró-Gonzales P, Oblitas A, Ferró-Gonzáles AL. Water quality and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance in isolated of E. coli from water for human consumption in Bagua, under One Health approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23961. [PMID: 38226252 PMCID: PMC10788533 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The One Health approach acknowledges the interconnection between human health, animal health, and environmental health, recognizing that these domains are closely intertwined, as many diseases affecting humans are also common in animals. Water acts as a vehicle for the transmission of such diseases, highlighting the significance of monitoring the quality of water intended for human consumption. In 2022, a research study was conducted to evaluate the water quality for human consumption in Bagua, Amazonas Region. The physicochemical analysis indicated that most parameters were within normal range, except for residual chlorine, which was predominantly absent. Microbiological analysis revealed the presence of total coliforms and E. coli. Phenotypic characterization of E. coli isolates exhibited resistance to the several antibiotics, including nalidixic acid, gentamicin, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. These findings indicate a compromised production of water for human consumption, as per the water quality regulations in Peru. The presence of fecal contamination poses a significant microbiological risk to consumers. These results underscore the breakdown of the human-environment-animal interface within the One Health approach, thereby endangering public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pompeyo Ferro
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional Intercultural Fabiola Salazar Leguía de Bagua, Jr. Ancash 520, Bagua, 01721, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Eli Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional Intercultural Fabiola Salazar Leguía de Bagua, Jr. Ancash 520, Bagua, 01721, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Euclides Ticona
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional Intercultural Fabiola Salazar Leguía de Bagua, Jr. Ancash 520, Bagua, 01721, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Polan Ferró-Gonzales
- Departamento Académico de la Facultad de Ingeniería Económica, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Av. Floral No 1153, Puno, 21001, Peru
| | - Anderson Oblitas
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional Intercultural Fabiola Salazar Leguía de Bagua, Jr. Ancash 520, Bagua, 01721, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Ana Lucia Ferró-Gonzáles
- Departamento Académico de Gestión y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional de Juliaca, Av. Nueva Zelandia 631, Juliaca, 21101, Puno, Peru
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Jing K, Li Y, Yao C, Jiang C, Li J. Towards the fate of antibiotics and the development of related resistance genes in stream biofilms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165554. [PMID: 37454845 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are ubiquitously found in natural surface waters and cause great harm to aquatic organisms. Stream biofilm is a complex and active community composed of algae, bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms, which mainly adheres to solid substances such as rocks and sediments. The durability and diverse structural and metabolic characteristics of biofilms make them a representative of microbial life in aquatic micrecosystems and can reflect major ecosystem processes. Microorganisms and extracellular polymeric substances in biofilms can adsorb and actively accumulate antibiotics. Therefore, biofilms are excellent biological indicators for detecting antibiotic in polluted aquatic environments, but the biotransformation potential of stream biofilms for antibiotics has not been fully explored in the aquatic environment. The characteristics of stream biofilm, such as high abundance and activity of bacterial community, wide contact area with pollutants, etc., which increases the opportunity of biotransformation of antibiotics in biofilm and contribute to bioremediation to improve ecosystem health. Recent studies have demonstrated that both exposure to high and sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics may drive the development of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in natural stream biofilms, which are susceptible to the effects of antibiotic residues, microbial communities and mobile genetic elements, etc. On the basis of peer-reviewed papers, this review explores the distribution behavior of antibiotics in stream biofilms and the contribution of biofilms to the acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance. Considering that antibiotics and ARGs alter the structure and ecological functions of natural microbial communities and pose a threat to river organisms and human health, our research findings provide comprehensive insights into the migration, transformation, and bioavailability of antibiotics in biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jing
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Chi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Chenxue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Trang PN, Anh Ngoc TT, Masuda Y, Hohjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli in a Vietnamese Pangasius fish processing facility. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20727. [PMID: 37867806 PMCID: PMC10585221 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli in the Vietnamese Pangasius fish processing facility. Among 144 samples including Pangasius fish, wash water, food contact surfaces, and personnel gloves, 18 E. coli isolates was detected and characterized. The E. coli was detected most frequently in wash water samples (22%, 8/36), followed by Pangasius fish (18%, 8/45). According to the antibiotic susceptibility test by the disc diffusion method, isolates showed the highest resistance against sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (45%), followed by tetracycline (39%), whereas all the E. coli isolates were susceptible to meropenem and fosfomycin. Notably, 39% of the isolates (7/18) were found to be multidrug resistant while no E. coli isolates were confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers by the double-disk synergy test. The potency to form biofilm on the polystyrene surface of E. coli isolates indicated that 44% of the isolates (8/18) were classified as weak, 39% (7/18) as moderate, and 17% (3/18) as strong biofilm formers. Interestingly, multidrug resistant E. coli isolates were observed in moderate and strong biofilm producers. Additionally, either slightly acidic hypochlorous water with 40 mg/L of available chlorine or sodium hypochlorite with 100 mg/L of available chlorine exhibited a significant reduction in biofilm mass and biofilm cells of E. coli isolates. This study may provide helpful information about the actual state of E. coli isolates for effective control in the fish processing plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Nguyen Trang
- Department of Food Technology, Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Tong Thi Anh Ngoc
- Department of Food Technology, Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University,744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Hohjoh
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University,744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University,744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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5
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Shrestha RD, Agunos A, Gow SP, Deckert AE, Varga C. Associations between antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli isolates and antimicrobial use in Canadian turkey flocks. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:954123. [PMID: 35966666 PMCID: PMC9372513 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.954123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in enteric bacteria continues to be detected in turkey flocks and retail products worldwide, including in Canada. However, studies assessing linkages between on-farm antimicrobial use (AMU) and the development of AMR are lacking. This study aims to identify AMU characteristics that impact the development of AMR in the indicator bacteria Escherichia coli in turkey flocks, building on the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance methodology for farm-level AMU and AMR data integration. Two analytic approaches were used: (1) multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models examined associations between AMU (any route, route-specific, and route-disease-specific indication) summarized as the number of defined daily doses in animals using Canadian standards ([nDDDvetCA]/1,000 kg-animal-days at risk) and AMR and (2) multivariable mixed-effects Poisson regression models studied the linkages between AMU and the number of classes to which an E. coli isolate was resistant (nCRE. coli). A total of 1,317 E. coli isolates from a network of 16 veterinarians and 334 turkey producers across the five major turkey-producing provinces in Canada between 2016 and 2019 were used. Analysis indicated that AMR emerged with the use of related antimicrobials (e.g., tetracycline use-tetracycline resistance), however, the use of unrelated antimicrobial classes was also impacting AMR (e.g., aminoglycosides/streptogramins use-tetracycline resistance). As for studying AMU-nCRE. coli linkages, the most robust association was between the parenteral aminoglycosides use and nCRE. coli, though in-feed uses of four unrelated classes (bacitracin, folate pathway inhibitors, streptogramins, and tetracyclines) appear to be important, indicating that ongoing uses of these classes may slow down the succession from multidrug-resistant to a more susceptible E. coli populations. The analysis of AMU (route and disease-specific)-AMR linkages complemented the above findings, suggesting that treatment of certain diseases (enteric, late-stage septicemic conditions, and colibacillosis) are influential in the development of resistance to certain antimicrobial classes. The highest variances were at the flock level indicating that stewardship actions should focus on flock-level infection prevention practices. This study added new insights to our understanding of AMU-AMR linkages in turkeys and is useful in informing AMU stewardship in the turkey sector. Enhanced surveillance using sequencing technologies are warranted to explain molecular-level determinants of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima D. Shrestha
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Agnes Agunos
- Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sheryl P. Gow
- Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Anne E. Deckert
- Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Csaba Varga,
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Bell RL, Kase JA, Harrison LM, Balan KV, Babu U, Chen Y, Macarisin D, Kwon HJ, Zheng J, Stevens EL, Meng J, Brown EW. The Persistence of Bacterial Pathogens in Surface Water and Its Impact on Global Food Safety. Pathogens 2021; 10:1391. [PMID: 34832547 PMCID: PMC8617848 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Water is vital to agriculture. It is essential that the water used for the production of fresh produce commodities be safe. Microbial pathogens are able to survive for extended periods of time in water. It is critical to understand their biology and ecology in this ecosystem in order to develop better mitigation strategies for farmers who grow these food crops. In this review the prevalence, persistence and ecology of four major foodborne pathogens, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Salmonella, Campylobacter and closely related Arcobacter, and Listeria monocytogenes, in water are discussed. These pathogens have been linked to fresh produce outbreaks, some with devastating consequences, where, in a few cases, the contamination event has been traced to water used for crop production or post-harvest activities. In addition, antimicrobial resistance, methods improvements, including the role of genomics in aiding in the understanding of these pathogens, are discussed. Finally, global initiatives to improve our knowledge base of these pathogens around the world are touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Bell
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
| | - Julie A. Kase
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
| | - Lisa M. Harrison
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (L.M.H.); (K.V.B.); (U.B.)
| | - Kannan V. Balan
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (L.M.H.); (K.V.B.); (U.B.)
| | - Uma Babu
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (L.M.H.); (K.V.B.); (U.B.)
| | - Yi Chen
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
| | - Dumitru Macarisin
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
| | - Hee Jin Kwon
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
| | - Jie Zheng
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
| | - Eric L. Stevens
- Office of the Center Director, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
| | - Jianghong Meng
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Eric W. Brown
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
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7
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Dungan RS, Bjorneberg DL. Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli and Enterococcal Isolates From Irrigation Return Flows in a High-Desert Watershed. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:660697. [PMID: 34054760 PMCID: PMC8149595 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.660697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Irrigation return flows (IRFs) collect surface runoff and subsurface drainage, causing them to have elevated contaminant and bacterial levels, and making them a potential source of pollutants. The purpose of this study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibility among Escherichia coli and enterococcal isolates that were collected from IRFs in a south-central Idaho watershed. Environmental isolates can be a potentially important source of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and IRFs may be one way resistance genes are transported out of agroecosystems. Water samples were collected from nine IRFs and one background site (canal water from Snake River) on a biweekly basis during 2018. Escherichia coli and enterococci were enumerated via a most probable number (MPN) technique, then subsamples were plated on selective media to obtain isolates. Isolates of E. coli (187) or enterococci (185) were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using Sensititre broth microdilution plates. For E. coli, 13% (25/187) of isolates were resistant to tetracycline, with fewer numbers being resistant to 13 other antimicrobials, with none resistant to gentamicin. While 75% (141/187) of the E. coli isolates were pan-susceptible, 12 multidrug resistance (MDR) patterns with 17 isolates exhibiting resistance to up to seven drug classes (10 antimicrobials). For the enterococcal species, only 9% (16/185) of isolates were pan-susceptible and the single highest resistance was to lincomycin (138/185; 75%) followed by nitrofurantoin (56/185; 30%) and quinupristin/dalfopristin (34/185; 18%). In addition, 13 enterococcal isolates belonging to Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus casseliflavus, and Enterococcus thailandicus, were determined to be MDR to up to six different antimicrobial drug classes. None of the enterococcal isolates were resistant to gentamycin, linezolid, tigecycline, and vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Dungan
- Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Kimberly, ID, United States
| | - David L Bjorneberg
- Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Kimberly, ID, United States
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Gu L, Wu JY, Hua ZL. Benthic prokaryotic microbial community assembly and biogeochemical potentials in E. coli - Stressed aquatic ecosystems during plant decomposition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116643. [PMID: 33581629 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Benthic microbes play a crucial role in maintaining the biogeochemical balance of aquatic ecosystems especially the material cycling during plant decomposition. However, those systems in agricultural area are always threatened by agricultural run-off containing a mass of typical pathogenic invader- Escherichia coli. It is therefore vital to clarify the turnover, assembly, and geochemical functions of the E. coli invaded benthic prokaryotic microbial community during plant decomposition. During the decaying process, the key filtering factors of benthic community assembly were NH4+-N (P < 0.001), NO2--N (P < 0.01), and Organic-N (P < 0.05). The E. coli colonized significantly in sediments (P < 0.001) and drove the turnover of the bacterial community (P = 0.001), which enhanced archaeal dominance in the benthic microbial network. E. coli also triggered niche structural variations. The biomass (%) of benthic nutrient cycling genera including Dechloromonas, Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, Candidatus_Methanofastidiosum, and Desulfomicrobium (P < 0.05) was altered by E. coli stress. The structural equation model illustrated that E. coli critically affected the benthic microbial geochemical functions in multiple pathways (P < 0.05). Our results provide new insights into benthic prokaryotic microbial community assembly and nutrient cycling and management under pollution stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, China.
| | - Jian-Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, China.
| | - Zu-Lin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, China.
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9
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Ma Y, Chen J, Fong K, Nadya S, Allen K, Laing C, Ziebell K, Topp E, Carroll LM, Wiedmann M, Delaquis P, Wang S. Antibiotic Resistance in Shiga Toxigenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Surface Waters and Sediments in a Mixed Use Urban Agricultural Landscape. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:237. [PMID: 33652953 PMCID: PMC7996769 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) phenotypes and acquired resistance determinants (ARDs) detected by in silico analysis of genome sequences were examined in 55 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates representing diverse serotypes recovered from surfaces waters and sediments in a mixed use urban/agricultural landscape in British Columbia, Canada. The isolates displayed decreased susceptibility to florfenicol (65.5%), chloramphenicol (7.3%), tetracycline (52.7%), ampicillin (49.1%), streptomycin (34.5%), kanamycin (20.0%), gentamycin (10.9%), amikacin (1.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (21.8%), ceftiofur (18.2%), ceftriaxone (3.6%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (12.7%), and cefoxitin (3.6%). All surface water and sediment isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, ertapenem, imipenem and meropenem. Eight isolates (14.6%) were multidrug resistant. ARDs conferring resistance to phenicols (floR), trimethoprim (dfrA), sulfonamides (sul1/2), tetracyclines (tetA/B), and aminoglycosides (aadA and aph) were detected. Additionally, narrow-spectrum β-lactamase blaTEM-1b and extended-spectrum AmpC β-lactamase (cephalosporinase) blaCMY-2 were detected in the genomes, as were replicons from plasmid incompatibility groups IncFII, IncB/O/K/Z, IncQ1, IncX1, IncY and Col156. A comparison with surveillance data revealed that AR phenotypes and ARDs were comparable to those reported in generic E. coli from food animals. Aquatic environments in the region are potential reservoirs for the maintenance and transmission of antibiotic resistant STEC, associated ARDs and their plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Ma
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.C.); (K.F.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Jessica Chen
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.C.); (K.F.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Karen Fong
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.C.); (K.F.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Stephanie Nadya
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.C.); (K.F.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Kevin Allen
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.C.); (K.F.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Chad Laing
- National Centre for Animal Diseases, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB T1J 3Z4, Canada;
| | - Kim Ziebell
- Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 3W4, Canada;
| | - Ed Topp
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada;
| | - Laura M. Carroll
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (L.M.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (L.M.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Pascal Delaquis
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada;
| | - Siyun Wang
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.C.); (K.F.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
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10
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Onmaz NE, Yildirim Y, Karadal F, Hizlisoy H, Al S, Gungor C, Disli HB, Barel M, Dishan A, Akai Tegin RA, Simsek E. Escherichia coli O157 in fish: Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation capacity, and molecular characterization. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Hanna N, Purohit M, Diwan V, Chandran SP, Riggi E, Parashar V, Tamhankar AJ, Lundborg CS. Monitoring of Water Quality, Antibiotic Residues, and Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in the Kshipra River in India over a 3-Year Period. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217706. [PMID: 33105585 PMCID: PMC7659961 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a major global and environmental health issue, yet the presence of antibiotic residues and resistance in the water and sediment of a river subjected to excessive anthropogenic activities and their relationship with water quality of the river are not well studied. The objectives of the present study were a) to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the water and sediment of the Kshipra river in India at seven selected sites during different seasons of the years 2014, 2015, and 2016 and b) to investigate the association between antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant E. coli in water and sediment and measured water quality parameters of the river. Antibiotic residues and resistant E. coli were present in the water and sediment and were associated with the measured water quality parameters. Sulfamethoxazole was the most frequently detected antibiotic in water at the highest concentration of 4.66 µg/L and was positively correlated with the water quality parameters. Significant (p < 0.05) seasonal and spatial variations of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in water and sediment were found. The resistance of E. coli to antibiotics (e.g., sulfamethiazole, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacine, cefotaxime, co-trimoxazole, ceftazidime, meropenem, ampicillin, amikacin, metronidazole, tetracycline, and tigecycline) had varying associations with the measured water and sediment quality parameters. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that regular monitoring and surveillance of water quality, including antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance, of all rivers should be taken up as a key priority, in national and Global Action Plans as these can have implications for the buildup of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Hanna
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.D.); (A.J.T.); (C.S.L.)
- Correspondence: (N.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Manju Purohit
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.D.); (A.J.T.); (C.S.L.)
- Department of Pathology, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India
- Correspondence: (N.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Vishal Diwan
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.D.); (A.J.T.); (C.S.L.)
- Department of Public Health and Environment, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India;
- ICMR—National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India
| | | | - Emilia Riggi
- SSD Epidemiologia screening—CPO, University Hospital ‘Cittàdella Salute della Scienza’, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Vivek Parashar
- Department of Public Health and Environment, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India;
| | - Ashok J. Tamhankar
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.D.); (A.J.T.); (C.S.L.)
- Indian Initiative for Management of Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Environmental Medicine, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India
| | - Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.D.); (A.J.T.); (C.S.L.)
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12
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Amato HK, Wong NM, Pelc C, Taylor K, Price LB, Altabet M, Jordan TE, Graham JP. Effects of concentrated poultry operations and cropland manure application on antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli and nutrient pollution in Chesapeake Bay watersheds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139401. [PMID: 32464410 PMCID: PMC7324218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Manure from poultry operations is typically applied to nearby cropland and may affect nutrient loading and the spread of antibiotic resistance (ABR). We analyzed the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus and the occurrence of ABR in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli isolates from streams draining 15 small (<19 km2) watersheds of the Chesapeake Bay with contrasting levels of concentrated poultry operations. Total nitrogen and nitrate plus nitrite concentrations increased with poultry barn density with concentrations two and three times higher, respectively, in watersheds with the highest poultry barn densities compared to those without poultry barns. Analysis of N and O isotopes in nitrate by mass spectrometry showed an increase in the proportion of 15N associated with an increase in barn density, suggesting that the nitrate associated with poultry barns originated from manure. Phosphorus concentrations were not correlated with barn density. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of putative E. coli isolates was conducted using the disk diffusion method for twelve clinically important antibiotics. Of the isolates tested, most were completely susceptible (67%); 33% were resistant to at least one antibiotic, 24% were resistant to ampicillin, 13% were resistant to cefazolin, and 8% were multi-drug resistant. Resistance to three cephalosporin drugs was positively associated with an index of manure exposure estimated from poultry barn density and proportion of cropland in a watershed. The proportion of E. coli isolates resistant to cefoxitin, cefazolin, and ceftriaxone, broad-spectrum antibiotics important in human medicine, increased by 18.9%, 16.9%, and 6.2%, respectively, at the highest estimated level of manure exposure compared to watersheds without manure exposure. Our results suggest that comparisons of small watersheds could be used to identify geographic areas where remedial actions may be needed to reduce nutrient pollution and the public health risks of ABR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Amato
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States of America
| | - Nora M Wong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States of America
| | - Carey Pelc
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037, United States of America
| | - Kishana Taylor
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Lance B Price
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States of America
| | - Mark Altabet
- Department of Estuarine and Ocean Sciences, School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 836 S Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744, United States of America
| | - Thomas E Jordan
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037, United States of America
| | - Jay P Graham
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States of America.
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13
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García J, García-Galán MJ, Day JW, Boopathy R, White JR, Wallace S, Hunter RG. A review of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs), antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment: Increasing removal with wetlands and reducing environmental impacts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123228. [PMID: 32247686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) include a diverse group of chemical compounds, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, hormones, surfactants, flame retardants and plasticizers. Many of these compounds are not significantly removed in conventional wastewater treatment plants and are discharged to the environment, presenting an increasing threat to both humans and natural ecosystems. Recently, antibiotics have received considerable attention due to growing microbial antibiotic-resistance in the environment. Constructed wetlands (CWs) have proven effective in removing many EOCs, including different antibiotics, before discharge of treated wastewater into the environment. Wastewater treatment systems that couple conventional treatment plants with constructed and natural wetlands offer a strategy to remove EOCs and reduce antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) far more efficiently than conventional treatment alone. This review presents as overview of the current knowledge on the efficiency of different wetland systems in reducing EOCs and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan García
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Jesús García-Galán
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - John W Day
- Dept. of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Raj Boopathy
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA.
| | - John R White
- Dept. of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Scott Wallace
- Naturally Wallace Consulting, P.O. Box 37, Stillwater, MN 55082, USA
| | - Rachael G Hunter
- Comite Resources Inc, P.O. Box 66596, Baton Rouge, LA 70896, USA
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14
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Cho S, Jackson C, Frye J. The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of
Salmonella
,
Escherichia coli
and
Enterococcus
sp. in surface water. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:3-25. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Cho
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Athens GA United States of America
| | - C.R. Jackson
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Athens GA United States of America
| | - J.G. Frye
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Athens GA United States of America
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15
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Escherichia coli Antimicrobial Resistance Variability in Water Runoff and Soil from a Remnant Native Prairie, an Improved Pasture, and a Cultivated Agricultural Watershed. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12051251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although many previous studies have examined patterns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) from domestic animals and farm environments, comparatively little is known about the environmental sources and natural reservoirs of AMR and MDR. In this study, we collected stormwater runoff and soil samples from three watersheds in Texas. Escherichia coli (E. coli) were enumerated, isolated, and analyzed for resistance patterns. E. coli from all sites, irrespective of land use, displayed the presence of AMR/MDR. Higher levels of AMR/MDR were observed in water compared to soil. More isolates were resistant to cephalothin than other antibiotics. For water isolates, 94% was resistant to cephalothin, 27% to tetracycline, and 15% to ampicillin. Across all sites, a large percentage of water isolates demonstrated MDR with 34% resistant to ≥2 antibiotics and 11% to ≥3 antibiotics. All AMR soil isolates were resistant to cephalothin (87% of the total soil isolates), but only 8.9% were MDR. High cephalothin resistance observed in both soil and water suggests the presence of native, cephalothin-resistant E. coli. Higher MDR observed within water compared to the soil populations suggests that resistance sources other than soil, such as more recent fecal depositions as opposed to residual AMR in soil, could have contributed to higher antibiotic-resistant E. coli in runoff.
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16
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Ma J, Cui Y, Li A, Zhang W, Liang J, Wang S, Zhang L. Evaluation of the fate of nutrients, antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance genes in sludge treatment wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136370. [PMID: 31945537 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to analyze the elimination of nutrients, antibiotics as well as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in different sludge treatment wetlands (STWs) with or without reeds and aeration tubes. Five antibiotics, including oxytetracycline, tetracycline, azithromycin, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfadiazine; five ARGs, including two tetracycline ARGs (tetC and tetA), one macrolide ARGs (ermB), and two sulfonamide ARGs (sul1 and sul2); and one integrase gene (intI1) were determined in the surface and bottom layers of three STWs, respectively. The removal efficiencies of antibiotics in the bottom layer were lower than that in the surface layer, while the elimination efficiencies of ARGs showed opposite trend. Strong correlations were observed among the contents of antibiotics as well as related ARGs, and the abundance of ARGs had a strong correlation with intI1. The results demonstrated that the contents of these pollutants decreased during the resting period in all the STWs, while the wetland had reeds and aeration tubes performed the best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Ma
- School of Environment Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yubo Cui
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Aimin Li
- School of Environment Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Junyu Liang
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- School of Environment Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Environment Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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17
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Metagenomics as a Public Health Risk Assessment Tool in a Study of Natural Creek Sediments Influenced by Agricultural and Livestock Runoff: Potential and Limitations. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02525-19. [PMID: 31924621 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02525-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the public health risks associated with natural creek sediments that are affected by runoff and fecal pollution from agricultural and livestock practices. For instance, the persistence of foodborne pathogens such as Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) originating from these practices remains poorly quantified. Towards closing these knowledge gaps, the water-sediment interface of two creeks in the Salinas River Valley of California was sampled over a 9-month period using metagenomics and traditional culture-based tests for STEC. Our results revealed that these sediment communities are extremely diverse and have functional and taxonomic diversity comparable to that observed in soils. With our sequencing effort (∼4 Gbp per library), we were unable to detect any pathogenic E. coli in the metagenomes of 11 samples that had tested positive using culture-based methods, apparently due to relatively low abundance. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the abundance of human- or cow-specific gut microbiome sequences in the downstream impacted sites compared to that in upstream more pristine (control) sites, indicating natural dilution of anthropogenic inputs. Notably, the high number of metagenomic reads carrying antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) found in all samples was significantly higher than ARG reads in other available freshwater and soil metagenomes, suggesting that these communities may be natural reservoirs of ARGs. The work presented here should serve as a guide for sampling volumes, amount of sequencing to apply, and what bioinformatics analyses to perform when using metagenomics for public health risk studies of environmental samples such as sediments.IMPORTANCE Current agricultural and livestock practices contribute to fecal contamination in the environment and the spread of food- and waterborne disease and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Traditionally, the level of pollution and risk to public health are assessed by culture-based tests for the intestinal bacterium Escherichia coli However, the accuracy of these traditional methods (e.g., low accuracy in quantification, and false-positive signal when PCR based) and their suitability for sediments remain unclear. We collected sediments for a time series metagenomics study from one of the most highly productive agricultural regions in the United States in order to assess how agricultural runoff affects the native microbial communities and if the presence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in sediment samples can be detected directly by sequencing. Our study provided important information on the potential for using metagenomics as a tool for assessment of public health risk in natural environments.
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18
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Felis E, Kalka J, Sochacki A, Kowalska K, Bajkacz S, Harnisz M, Korzeniewska E. Antimicrobial pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment - occurrence and environmental implications. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 866:172813. [PMID: 31751574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The environmental occurrence of antimicrobial pharmaceuticals and antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistant genes has become a global phenomenon and a multifaceted threat. Integrated actions of many parties are needed to prevent further aggravation of the problem. Well-directed actions require clear understanding of the problem, which can be ensured by frequent revaluation of the existing knowledge and disseminating it among relevant audiences. The goal of this review paper is to discuss the occurrence and abundance of antimicrobial pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment in context of adverse effects caused directly by these substances and the threat associated with the antibiotics resistance phenomenon. Several classes of antimicrobial pharmaceuticals (aminoglycosides, β-lactams, glycopeptides, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides and trimethoprim, tetracyclines) have been selected to illustrate their sources, environmental abundance, degradation routes (transformation products) and environmental implications including their ecotoxic effect and the spread of antibiotic resistance within the compartments of the aquatic environment and wastewater treatment plants. Wastewater treatment plants are indeed the main source responsible for the prevalence of these factors in the aquatic environment, since predominantly the plants have not been designed to retain antimicrobial pharmaceuticals. In order to limit the prevalence of these impurities into the environment, better source control is recommended as well as the establishment of stricter environmental quality standards. Counteracting all the above-mentioned threats requires to undertake integrated activities based on cooperation of professionals and scientists from various fields of science or industry, such as environmental sciences, medicine, veterinary, pharmacology, chemical engineering and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Felis
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Department, Ul. Akademicka 2, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, The Biotechnology Centre, Ul. B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kalka
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Department, Ul. Akademicka 2, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Adam Sochacki
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Department, Ul. Akademicka 2, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, The Biotechnology Centre, Ul. B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Kowalska
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Department, Ul. Akademicka 2, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, The Biotechnology Centre, Ul. B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bajkacz
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Ul. B Krzywoustego 6, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, The Biotechnology Centre, Ul. B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Harnisz
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland
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19
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Pei M, Zhang B, He Y, Su J, Gin K, Lev O, Shen G, Hu S. State of the art of tertiary treatment technologies for controlling antibiotic resistance in wastewater treatment plants. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:105026. [PMID: 31351383 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been considered as emerging contaminants of concern nowadays. There are no special technologies designed to directly remove ARGs in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In order to reduce the risk of ARGs, it is vital to understand the efficiency of advanced treatment technologies in removing antibiotic resistance genes in WWTPs. This review highlights the application and efficiency of tertiary treatment technologies on the elimination of ARGs, s, based on an understanding of their occurrence and fate in WWTPs. These technologies include chemical-based processes such as chlorination, ozonation, ultraviolet, and advanced oxidation technology, as well as physical separation processes, biological processes such as constructed wetland and membrane bioreactor, and soil aquifer treatment. The merits, limitations and ameliorative measures of these processes are discussed, with the view to optimizing future treatment strategies and identifying new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianqiang Su
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Karina Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Ovadia Lev
- The Casali Center and the Institute of Chemistry and The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Genxiang Shen
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shuangqing Hu
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
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20
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Yao Y, Habimana O. Biofilm research within irrigation water distribution systems: Trends, knowledge gaps, and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 673:254-265. [PMID: 30991317 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms in irrigation water distribution systems (IWDSs) play an essential role in spreading pathogens, chemical pollutants, and environmental pollutants into downstream irrigated crops and thus should be considered a potential threat to food safety. Although the role of biofilms in drinking water distribution systems has been extensively studied in the last decade, the research on IWDS biofilms in this period has been limited. This review identifies research gaps in the field of IWDS biofilms, provides perspectives on experimental designs for investigating IWDS biofilms, and suggests potential strategies worth pursuing in IWDS management. The current state of the art of IWDS biofilms is discussed, and an analysis of the challenges in IWDS biofilm research is presented. Furthermore, this review proposes useful advanced technologies that allow a practical, in-depth fundamental understanding of IWDS biofilms. In a nutshell, this article provides future directions and insights into detailed experimental designs on a relatively under-reported research topic: "IWDS biofilms."
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- The School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Olivier Habimana
- The School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Lépesová K, Olejníková P, Mackuľak T, Tichý J, Birošová L. Annual changes in the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria and enterococci in municipal wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18470-18483. [PMID: 31049859 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater contains subinhibitory concentrations of different micropollutants such as antibiotics that create selective pressure on bacteria. This phenomenon is also caused by insufficient wastewater treatment technology leading to the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes into the environment. Therefore, this work focused on monitoring of antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria and enterococci in influent and effluent wastewaters taken from the second biggest wastewater treatment plant (Petržalka) in the capital of Slovakia during 1 year. Antibiotic-resistant strains were isolated, identified, and characterized in terms of susceptibility and biofilm production. All of 27 antibiotic-resistant isolates were identified mainly as Morganella morganii, Citrobacter spp., and E. coli. Multidrug-resistance was detected in 58% of isolated strains. All tested isolates could form biofilm; two strains were very strong producers, and 74% formed biofilm by strong intensity. The flow rate of the influent wastewater had a more significant impact on the number of studied bacteria than the temperature. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristína Lépesová
- Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Petra Olejníková
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Mackuľak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Tichý
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Birošová
- Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
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22
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Ekwanzala MD, Dewar JB, Kamika I, Momba MNB. Systematic review in South Africa reveals antibiotic resistance genes shared between clinical and environmental settings. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:1907-1920. [PMID: 30425540 PMCID: PMC6203169 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s170715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic review was conducted to determine the distribution and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARGs), and antimicrobial-resistant gene determinants (ARGDs) in clinical, environmental, and farm settings and to identify key knowledge gaps in a bid to contain their spread. Fifty-three articles were included. The prevalence of a wide range of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and their genes was reviewed. Based on the studies reviewed in this systematic review, mutation was found to be the main genetic element investigated. All settings shared 39 ARGs and ARGDs. Despite the fact that ARGs found in clinical settings are present in the environment, in reviewed articles only 12 were found to be shared between environmental and clinical settings; the inclusion of farm settings with these two settings increased this figure to 32. Data extracted from this review revealed farm settings to be one of the main contributors of antibiotic resistance in healthcare settings. ARB, ARGs, and ARGDs were found to be ubiquitous in all settings examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Barr Dewar
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ilunga Kamika
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa,
| | - Maggy Ndombo Benteke Momba
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa,
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23
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Muraleedharan C, Talreja D, Kanwar M, Kumar A, Walia SK. Occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria in urban Clinton River habitat. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 16:225-235. [PMID: 30316964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether Clinton River water is contaminated with antibiotics and is a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. METHODS Water samples were taken from two sites of Clinton River. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria were enumerated on agar plates supplemented with six commonly used antibiotics. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria were identified using a BD Phoenix™ System and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antimicrobial resistance gene transfer was performed by conjugation studies and the location of genes was determined by Southern hybridisation. Virulence properties of ESBL-producing isolates were determined by assessing their biofilm-forming ability, cellular toxicity, and induction of an inflammatory response in intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells. RESULTS 16S rRNA analysis of water samples showed the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria (e.g. Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aeromonas punctata and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Among 64 biochemically identified bacterial isolates tested, 42% were resistant to cefotaxime, 34% to chloramphenicol, 9% to tetracycline, 11% to ciprofloxacin and 9% to gentamicin. Of 27 cefotaxime-resistant isolates, 11 (41%) were ESBL-positive and possessed either blaCTX-M (n=9), blaTEM (n=1) or blaKPC (n=1). Comparative analysis of ESBL gene sequences from Clinton River water bacteria showed 98-100% identity with clinical isolates. ESBL-producing isolates from Clinton River water were found to form biofilms, induced inflammatory cytokines and caused toxicity to epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Clinton River water contains isolates with ESBL genes identical to clinical isolates and possessing virulence properties, thus it could be a potential reservoir in causing human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepa Talreja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mamta Kanwar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Satish K Walia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
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24
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Somorin YM, Vollmerhausen T, Waters N, Pritchard L, Abram F, Brennan F, O'Byrne C. Absence of Curli in Soil-Persistent Escherichia coli Is Mediated by a C-di-GMP Signaling Defect and Suggests Evidence of Biofilm-Independent Niche Specialization. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1340. [PMID: 29997584 PMCID: PMC6029578 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is commonly viewed as a gastrointestinal commensal or pathogen although an increasing body of evidence suggests that it can persist in non-host environments as well. Curli are a major component of biofilm in many enteric bacteria including E. coli and are important for adherence to different biotic and abiotic surfaces. In this study we investigated curli production in a unique collection of soil-persistent E. coli isolates and examined the role of curli formation in environmental persistence. Although most soil-persistent E. coli were curli-positive, 10% of isolates were curli-negative (17 out of 170). Curli-producing E. coli (COB583, COB585, and BW25113) displayed significantly more attachment to quartz sand than the curli-negative strains. Long-term soil survival experiments indicated that curli production was not required for long-term survival in live soil (over 110 days), as a curli-negative mutant BW25113ΔcsgB had similar survival compared to wild type BW25113. Mutations in two genes associated with c-di-GMP metabolism, dgcE and pdeR, correlated with loss of curli in eight soil-persistent strains, although this did not significantly impair their survival in soil compared to curli-positive strains. Overall, the data indicate that curli-deficient and biofilm-defective strains, that also have a defect in attachment to quartz sand, are able to reside in soil for long periods of time thus pointing to the possibility that niches may exist in the soil that can support long-term survival independently of biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinka M Somorin
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, College of Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tara Vollmerhausen
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, College of Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicholas Waters
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, College of Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Florence Abram
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, College of Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fiona Brennan
- Soil and Environmental Microbiology, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Ireland
| | - Conor O'Byrne
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, College of Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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25
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Mackowiak M, Leifels M, Hamza IA, Jurzik L, Wingender J. Distribution of Escherichia coli, coliphages and enteric viruses in water, epilithic biofilms and sediments of an urban river in Germany. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:650-659. [PMID: 29358142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fecal contamination of surface water is commonly evaluated by quantification of bacterial or viral indicators such as Escherichia coli and coliphages, or by direct testing for pathogens such as enteric viruses. Retention of fecally derived organisms in biofilms and sediments is less frequently considered. In this study, we assessed the distribution of E. coli, somatic coliphages, and enteric viruses including human adenovirus (HAdV), enterovirus (EV), norovirus genogroup GII (NoV GII) and group A rotavirus (RoV) in an urban river environment in Germany. 24 samples each of water, epilithic biofilms and sediments were examined. E. coli and somatic coliphages were prevalent not only in the flowing water, but also in epilithic biofilms and sediments, where they were accumulated compared to the overlying water. During enhanced rainfall, E. coli and coliphage concentrations increased by approximately 2.5 and 1 log unit, respectively, in the flowing water, whereas concentrations did not change significantly in epilithic biofilms and sediments. The occurrence of human enteric viruses detected by qPCR was higher in water than in biofilms and sediments. 87.5% of all water samples were positive for HAdV. Enteric viruses found less frequently were EV, RoV and NoV GII in 20.8%, 16.7% and 8.3% of the water samples, respectively. In epilithic biofilms and sediments, HAdV was found in 54.2% and 50.0% of the samples, respectively, and EV was found in 4.2% of both biofilm and sediment samples. RoV and NoV GII were not detected in any of the biofilms and sediments. Overall, the prevalence of enteric viruses was in the order of HAdV > EV > RoV ≥ NoV GII. In conclusion, epilithic biofilms and sediments can be reservoirs for fecal indicators and enteric viruses and thus should be taken into consideration when assessing microbial pollution of surface water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mackowiak
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Chemistry, Biofilm Centre, Aquatic Microbiology, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Mats Leifels
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Hygiene, Social- and Environmental Medicine, Bochum, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed Hamza
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Hygiene, Social- and Environmental Medicine, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars Jurzik
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Hygiene, Social- and Environmental Medicine, Bochum, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jost Wingender
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Chemistry, Biofilm Centre, Aquatic Microbiology, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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26
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Cho S, Hiott LM, Barrett JB, McMillan EA, House SL, Humayoun SB, Adams ES, Jackson CR, Frye JG. Prevalence and characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from the Upper Oconee Watershed in Northeast Georgia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197005. [PMID: 29738574 PMCID: PMC5940194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface waters are important sources of water for drinking, industrial, agricultural, and recreational uses; hence, contamination of water by fecal, pathogenic, or antimicrobial resistant (AR) bacteria is a major environmental and public health concern. However, very little data is available on prevalence of these bacteria in surface water throughout a watershed. This study aimed to characterize Escherichia coli present in the Upper Oconee Watershed, a mixed-use watershed in Athens, GA, USA for potential pathogenicity and AR. E. coli were enumerated by colony counts, cultured by enrichment and direct plating, and characterized by phylo-groups, diarrheagenic pathotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility. From the analysis, 99.3% (455/458) of the total samples were positive for E. coli resulting in 496 isolates. E. coli counts were as high as 1.2×104 CFU/100 ml, which is above the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) threshold for recreational water (235 CFU/100 ml based on a one-time measurement). Phylo-groups B2 (31.7%; 157/496) and B1 (30.8%; 153/496) were the most prevalent among the isolates. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (19/496) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) (1/496) were the only diarrheagenic pathotypes detected. AR was observed in 6.9% (34/496) of the isolates, 15 of which were multidrug resistant (MDR; resistance to two or more classes of antimicrobials). Tetracycline resistance was most often detected (76.5%; 26/34), followed by ampicillin (32.4%; 11/34), streptomycin (23.5%; 8/34), sulfisoxazole (23.5%; 8/34), and nalidixic acid (14.7%; 5/34). Results from this study showed that E. coli is prevalent in high levels in the Upper Oconee Watershed, suggesting possible widespread fecal contamination. The presence of pathogenic, AR E. coli in the watershed indicates that environmental water can serve as a reservoir of resistant bacteria that may be transferred to humans through drinking and recreational activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Cho
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lari M. Hiott
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John B. Barrett
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. McMillan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sandra L. House
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shaheen B. Humayoun
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Eric S. Adams
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Charlene R. Jackson
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jonathan G. Frye
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Wang J, Cao L, Yang X, Wu Q, Lu L, Wang Z. Transcriptional analysis reveals the critical role of RNA polymerase-binding transcription factor, DksA, in regulating multi-drug resistance of Escherichia coli. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:63-69. [PMID: 29746997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to comprehensively identify the target genes regulated by the RNA polymerase-binding transcription factor DksA in Escherichia coli, and to clarify the role of DksA in multi-drug resistance. A clinical E. coli strain, E8, was selected to construct the dksA gene deletion mutant by using the Red recombination system. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of 12 antibiotics in the E8ΔdksA (mutant) were markedly lower than those in the wild-type strain, E8. Genes expressed differentially in the wild-type and dksA mutant were detected using RNA-Seq, and were validated by performing quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In total, 168 differentially expressed genes were identified in E8ΔdksA, including 81 upregulated and 87 downregulated genes. Many of the genes identified are involved in metabolism, two-component systems, transcriptional regulators and transport/membrane proteins. Interestingly, genes encoding the transcriptional regulator, MarR, which is known to repress the multiple drug resistance operon, marRAB; MdfA, a transport protein that exhibits multi-drug efflux activities; and oligopeptide transport system proteins OppA and OppD were among those differentially expressed, and could potentially contribute to the increased drug susceptibility of E8ΔdksA. In conclusion, DksA plays an important role in the multi-drug resistance of this E. coli strain, and directly or indirectly regulates the expression of several genes related to antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Li Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingmin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
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28
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O'Flaherty E, Borrego CM, Balcázar JL, Cummins E. Human exposure assessment to antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli through drinking water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:1356-1364. [PMID: 29126642 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are a potential threat to human health through drinking water with strong evidence of ARB presence in post treated tap water around the world. This study examines potential human exposure to antibiotic-resistant (AR) Escherichia coli (E. coli) through drinking water, the effect of different drinking water treatments on AR E. coli and the concentration of AR E. coli required in the source water for the EU Drinking Water Directive (DWD) (Council Directive 98/83/EC, 0CFU/100ml of E. coli in drinking water) to be exceeded. A number of scenarios were evaluated to examine different water treatment combinations and to reflect site specific conditions at a study site in Europe. A literature search was carried out to collate data on the effect of environmental conditions on AR E. coli, the effect of different water treatments on AR E. coli and typical human consumption levels of tap water. A human exposure assessment model was developed with probability distributions used to characterise uncertainty and variability in the input data. Overall results show the mean adult human exposure to AR E. coli from tap water consumption ranged between 3.44×10-7 and 2.95×10-1cfu/day for the scenarios tested and varied depending on the water treatments used. The level of AR E. coli required in the source water pre-treatment to exceed the DWD varied between 1 and 5logcfu/ml, depending on the water treatments used. This can be used to set possible monitoring criteria in pre-treated water for potential ARB exposure in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O'Flaherty
- University College Dublin, School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - C M Borrego
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - J L Balcázar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - E Cummins
- University College Dublin, School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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29
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Chen Z, Yu D, He S, Ye H, Zhang L, Wen Y, Zhang W, Shu L, Chen S. Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in Drinking Water Sources in Hangzhou City. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1133. [PMID: 28670309 PMCID: PMC5472731 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the distribution of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) and examined the possible relationship between water quality parameters and antibiotic resistance from two different drinking water sources (the Qiantang River and the Dongtiao Stream) in Hangzhou city of China. E. coli isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 18 antibiotics. Most of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline (TE), followed by ampicillin (AM), piperacillin (PIP), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), and chloramphenicol (C). The antibiotic resistance rate of E. coli isolates from two water sources was similar; For E. coli isolates from the Qiantang River, their antibiotic resistance rates decreased from up- to downstream. Seasonally, the dry and wet season had little impact on antibiotic resistance. Spearman's rank correlation revealed significant correlation between resistance to TE and phenicols or ciprofloxacin (CIP), as well as quinolones (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin) and cephalosporins or gentamicin (GM). Pearson's chi-square tests found certain water parameters such as nutrient concentration were strongly associated with resistance to some of the antibiotics. In addition, tet genes were detected from all 82 TE-resistant E. coli isolates, and most of the isolates (81.87%) contained multiple tet genes, which displayed 14 different combinations. Collectively, this study provided baseline data on antibiotic resistance of drinking water sources in Hangzhou city, which indicates drinking water sources could be the reservoir of antibiotic resistance, potentially presenting a public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou, China
| | - Daojun Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's HospitalHangzhou, China
| | - Songzhe He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guilin Medical University Affiliated HospitalGuilin, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Automatic Monitoring, Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring CenterHangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Dean's Office, Hangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational DiseasesHangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wen
- Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou, China
| | - Liping Shu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou, China
| | - Shuchang Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou, China
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30
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Fang H, Zhang Q, Nie X, Chen B, Xiao Y, Zhou Q, Liao W, Liang X. Occurrence and elimination of antibiotic resistance genes in a long-term operation integrated surface flow constructed wetland. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 173:99-106. [PMID: 28107719 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wetland construction is a recommended domestic sewage treatment technique, owing to its simplicity and cost efficiency. Concentrations of 14 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in an integrated surface flow constructed wetland (ICW) steadily operated over 10 years were investigated in the winter and summer. Domestic sewage was observed to be the primary source of ARGs in the ICW, and 77.8% and 59.5% removal rates of total targeted ARGs in the ICW were achieved in the winter and summer, respectively. Concentrations of five ARGs (sul1, tetA, tetC, tetE, and qnrS) in the winter and of six ARGs (sul1, sul3, tetA, tetC, tetE, and qnrS) in the summer were increased throughout the treatment process. Strong correlations were found between ARGs in water and those found in sediments, especially in the summer, indicating that ARGs may be exchanged between water and sediment. Strong positive correlations were also observed between concentrations of intI1 and several ARGs, implying that mobile genetic elements may play a key role in the dissemination of ARGs in an ICW. Our study results suggest aqueous ARGs could be effectively removed via an ICW and that ICWs can also act as reservoirs of specific ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resource and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resource and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiangping Nie
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Baowei Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuandong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resource and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qiubai Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wei Liao
- Irrigation Experiment Station of Jiangxi, Nanchang 338026, China
| | - Ximei Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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31
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Ma Q, Guo Z, Gao C, Zhu R, Wang S, Yu L, Qin W, Xia X, Gu J, Yan G, Lei L. Enhancement of the direct antimicrobial activity of Lysep3 against Escherichia coli by inserting cationic peptides into its C terminus. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 110:347-355. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-016-0806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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32
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Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Raccoons (Procyon lotor) and the Environment on Swine Farms and Conservation Areas in Southern Ontario. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165303. [PMID: 27829035 PMCID: PMC5102455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to livestock, human and environmental health. Although resistant bacteria have been detected in wildlife, their role in the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance is not clear. Our objective was to investigate demographic, temporal and climatic factors associated with carriage of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in raccoons and the environment. We collected samples from raccoon paws and feces and from soil, manure pit and dumpsters on five swine farms and five conservation areas in Ontario, Canada once every five weeks from May to November, 2011–2013 and tested them for E. coli and susceptibility to 15 antimicrobials. Of samples testing positive for E. coli, resistance to ≥ 1 antimicrobials was detected in 7.4% (77/1044; 95% CI, 5.9–9.1) of raccoon fecal samples, 6.3% (23/365; 95% CI, 4.0–9.3) of paw samples, 9.6% (121/1260; 8.0–11.4) of soil samples, 57.4% (31/54; 95% CI, 43.2–70.8) of manure pit samples, and 13.8% (4/29; 95% CI, 3.9–31.7) of dumpster samples. Using univariable logistic regression, there was no significant difference in the occurrence of resistant E. coli in raccoon feces on conservation areas versus farms; however, E. coli isolates resistant to ≥ 1 antimicrobials were significantly less likely to be detected from raccoon paw samples on swine farms than conservation areas and significantly more likely to be detected in soil samples from swine farms than conservation areas. Resistant phenotypes and genotypes that were absent from the swine farm environment were detected in raccoons from conservation areas, suggesting that conservation areas and swine farms may have different exposures to resistant bacteria. However, the similar resistance patterns and genes in E. coli from raccoon fecal and environmental samples from the same location types suggest that resistant bacteria may be exchanged between raccoons and their environment.
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Al-Khazrajy OSA, Boxall ABA. Risk-based prioritization of pharmaceuticals in the natural environment in Iraq. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:15712-26. [PMID: 27137195 PMCID: PMC4956694 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the natural environment, raising concerns about their impact on non-target organisms or human health. One region where little is known about the exposure and effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment is Iraq. Due to the high number of pharmaceuticals used by the public health sector in Iraq (hospitals and care centres) and distributed over the counter, there is a need for a systematic approach for identifying substances that should be monitored in the environment in Iraq and assessed in terms of environmental risk. In this study, a risk-based prioritization approach was applied to 99 of the most dispensed pharmaceuticals in three Iraqi cities, Baghdad, Mosul and Basrah. Initially, information on the amounts of pharmaceuticals used in Iraq was obtained. The top used medicines were found to be paracetamol, amoxicillin and metformin with total annual consumption exceeding 1000 tonnes per year. Predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) and predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs), derived from ecotoxicological end-points and effects related to the therapeutic mode of action, were then used to rank the pharmaceuticals in terms of risks to different environmental compartments. Active pharmaceutical ingredients used as antibiotics, antidepressants and analgesics were identified as the highest priority in surface water, sediment and the terrestrial environment. Antibiotics were also prioritized according to their susceptibility to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria or to accelerate the evolution and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant genes in water. Future work will focus on understanding the occurrence, fate and effects of some of highly prioritized substances in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar S A Al-Khazrajy
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5NG, UK
| | - Alistair B A Boxall
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5NG, UK.
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Mugnai R, Sattamini A, Albuquerque dos Santos JA, Regua-Mangia AH. A Survey of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in the Hyporheic Zone of a Subtropical Stream: Their Bacteriological, Physicochemical and Environmental Relationships. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129382. [PMID: 26067288 PMCID: PMC4466359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hyporheic Zone is among the most important interstitial freshwater habitats, but the relationship between biotic and abiotic factors in this zone remains under-explored. Enterobacteria were expected to be present, but no specific studies had ever confirmed this prediction. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in hyporheic water and to determine the relationship of the physical, chemical and environmental factors at different depths in a rainforest stream. To this end, thirty-six water samples were collected at three depths in sites located in the first, second and third orders in diverse substrates. The total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. were evaluated in terms of their CFU/ml. In the interstitial samples, coliforms were detected in 100% of the samples. The total coliform counts had higher values at intermediate depths, while E. coli and Salmonella spp. instead had higher values at intermediate and large depths, often reaching or exceeding the values of the surface samples. Our results revealed that Salmonella spp. and the coliforms have different microhabitat preferences. Salmonella spp. and coliform species prefer deposition areas, such as lateral sides of pools, curves and bars, but they have a tendency to distribute into different depths, likely due to temperature differences. Salmonella spp. prefer compact substrata, with fewer fluids passing through and with upwelling areas with lower oxygen inflow. The coliform species showed the opposite preference. Our results suggest that bacterial variation is related to environmental factors and physical-chemical parameters within the HZ and may play a key role in the microbial diversity and distribution in these ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Mugnai
- Laboratorio de Aracnologia, Departamento de Invertebrados Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Sattamini
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Hamond Regua-Mangia
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular de Doenças Infecciosas/Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bai L, Guo Y, Lan R, Dong Y, Wang W, Hu Y, Gan X, Yan S, Fu P, Pei X, Xu J, Liu X, Li F. Genotypic characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates in food products from china between 2005 and 2010. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Prevalence of veterinary antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in the surface water of a livestock production region in northern China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111026. [PMID: 25372873 PMCID: PMC4220964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence of 12 veterinary antibiotics (VAs) and the susceptibility of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in a rural water system that was affected by livestock production in northern China. Each of the surveyed sites was determined with at least eight antibiotics with maximum concentration of up to 450 ng L−1. The use of VAs in livestock farming probably was a primary source of antibiotics in the rivers. Increasing total antibiotics were measured from up- to mid- and downstream in the two tributaries. Eighty-eight percent of the 218 E. coli isolates that were derived from the study area exhibited, in total, 48 resistance profiles against the eight examined drugs. Significant correlations were found among the resistance rates of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, chloromycetin and ampicillin as well as between tetracycline and chlortetracycline, suggesting a possible cross-selection for resistance among these drugs. The E. coli resistance frequency also increased from up- to midstream in the three rivers. E. coli isolates from different water systems showed varying drug numbers of resistance. No clear relationship was observed in the antibiotic resistance frequency with corresponding antibiotic concentration, indicating that the antibiotic resistance for E. coli in the aquatic environment might be affected by factors besides antibiotics. High numbers of resistant E. coli were also isolated from the conserved reservoir. These results suggest that rural surface water may become a large pool of VAs and resistant bacteria. This study contributes to current information on VAs and resistant bacteria contamination in aquatic environments particularly in areas under intensive agriculture. Moreover, this study indicates an urgent need to monitor the use of VAs in animal production, and to control the release of animal-originated antibiotics into the environment.
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Rebello RCDL, Regua-Mangia AH. Potential enterovirulence and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from aquatic environments in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 490:19-27. [PMID: 24840276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli contamination in aquatic ecosystems has emerged as a relevant concern of public health impact, especially in developing areas. In this study, E. coli isolates were recovered from residential, industrial, agricultural, hospital wastewaters and recreational waters and, further characterized according to diarrheagenic potential, phylotyping and antimicrobial resistance phenotype. Among the total 178 E. coli isolates, antimicrobial resistance was detected in 37% to at least one of the 11 antimicrobials tested. The highest percentage of resistant E. coli was recovered from agricultural wastewaters (57.7%) followed by recreational waters (56.4%), hospital (34.5%), residential (22.7%) and industrial wastewaters (22.2%). Twenty-three resistance profiles (I-XXIII) were detected and 17 isolates exhibited the MDR phenotype. 11.2% of the total E. coli isolates carried diarrheagenic markers: astA (7.3%, 13/178), stx1 (2.8%, 05/178), escV (2.2%, 04/178) and estIa (0.6%, 01/178). All isolates harbored the uidA gene. E. coli isolates were mostly found in phylogenetic groups A (91.6%, 163/178) followed by groups D (5%, 09/178) and B2 (3.4%, 06/178). Specific gene combinations characterized E. coli pathotypes as ETEC (01/20), ATEC (04/20) and STEC (05/20) which belonged to A (75%, 15/20), D (15%, 03/20) and B2 (10%, 02/20) phylogroups. Our results revealed the widespread distribution of E. coli in aquatic systems in Rio de Janeiro. The circulation of pathogenic E. coli and antimicrobial resistance within bacterial population represents high risk to ecosystem and human health and highlights epidemiological surveillance and sanitary improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Costa de Luca Rebello
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Hamond Regua-Mangia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Vogeleer P, Tremblay YDN, Mafu AA, Jacques M, Harel J. Life on the outside: role of biofilms in environmental persistence of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:317. [PMID: 25071733 PMCID: PMC4076661 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a heterogeneous species that can be part of the normal flora of humans but also include strains of medical importance. Among pathogenic members, Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) are some of the more prominent pathogenic E. coli within the public sphere. STEC disease outbreaks are typically associated with contaminated beef, contaminated drinking water, and contaminated fresh produce. These water- and food-borne pathogens usually colonize cattle asymptomatically; cows will shed STEC in their feces and the subsequent fecal contamination of the environment and processing plants is a major concern for food and public safety. This is especially important because STEC can survive for prolonged periods of time outside its host in environments such as water, produce, and farm soil. Biofilms are hypothesized to be important for survival in the environment especially on produce, in rivers, and in processing plants. Several factors involved in biofilm formation such as curli, cellulose, poly-N-acetyl glucosamine, and colanic acid are involved in plant colonization and adherence to different surfaces often found in meat processing plants. In food processing plants, contamination of beef carcasses occurs at different stages of processing and this is often caused by the formation of STEC biofilms on the surface of several pieces of equipment associated with slaughtering and processing. Biofilms protect bacteria against several challenges, including biocides used in industrial processes. STEC biofilms are less sensitive than planktonic cells to several chemical sanitizers such as quaternary ammonium compounds, peroxyacetic acid, and chlorine compounds. Increased resistance to sanitizers by STEC growing in a biofilm is likely to be a source of contamination in the processing plant. This review focuses on the role of biofilm formation by STEC as a means of persistence outside their animal host and factors associated with biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vogeleer
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche d'Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Université de Montréal St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Yannick D N Tremblay
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche d'Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Université de Montréal St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Akier A Mafu
- Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Mario Jacques
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche d'Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Université de Montréal St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Josée Harel
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche d'Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Université de Montréal St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Woappi Y, Gabani P, Singh A, Singh OV. Antibiotrophs: The complexity of antibiotic-subsisting and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Crit Rev Microbiol 2014; 42:17-30. [PMID: 24495094 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2013.875982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Widespread overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of numerous antibiotic-resistant bacteria; among these are antibiotic-subsisting strains capable of surviving in environments with antibiotics as the sole carbon source. This unparalleled expansion of antibiotic resistance reveals the potent and diversified resistance abilities of certain bacterial strains. Moreover, these strains often possess hypermutator phenotypes and virulence transmissibility competent for genomic and proteomic propagation and pathogenicity. Pragmatic and prospicient approaches will be necessary to develop efficient therapeutic methods against such bacteria and to understand the extent of their genomic adaptability. This review aims to reveal the niches of these antibiotic-catabolizing microbes and assesses the underlying factors linking natural microbial antibiotic production, multidrug resistance, and antibiotic-subsistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvon Woappi
- a Division of Biological and Health Sciences , University of Pittsburgh , Bradford , PA , USA and
| | - Prashant Gabani
- a Division of Biological and Health Sciences , University of Pittsburgh , Bradford , PA , USA and
| | - Arya Singh
- b Department of Computer Science , Texas State University , San Marcos , TX , USA
| | - Om V Singh
- a Division of Biological and Health Sciences , University of Pittsburgh , Bradford , PA , USA and
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