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Ratel J, Vigneau E, Mercier F, Lebreton S, Nguyen TLN, Courcoux P, Engel E. Implementation of sample pooling to strengthen the surveillance of food chemical safety: Case study of nDL-PCBs in pork meat. Food Chem 2024; 433:137111. [PMID: 37659292 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Current food chemical safety surveillance relies on highly sensitive but costly analyses, with low throughput. A promising option is a sample pooling-based approach: instead of analyzing samples one-by-one, high-sensitivity methods could be used to evaluate pools of n samples. A proof-of-concept was sought using the surveillance of nDL-PCBs in pork meat. The practical feasibility of producing large pools (up to 200 samples) was studied, and accuracy of results for the nDL-PCBs were validated for pool sizes up to 100. Numerical simulation of pooling strategies yielded optimal numbers of samples to be pooled to obtain best cost-effectiveness. Based on pooling strategy, simulations showed that for a realistic contamination prevalence of 0.1%, analyzing pools of 25 samples would allow the total number of tests to be reduced 19-fold compared with one-by-one analysis, while retaining the sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Ratel
- INRAE, UR QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Erwan Engel
- INRAE, UR QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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2
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Priority Pollutants Monitoring and Water Quality Assessment in the Siret River Basin, Romania. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Integrated Water Resources Management regulations aim to ensure a good status of surface water quality and its sustainable use. Water quality monitoring of various water users supports the identification of pollution sources and their environmental impacts. The priority pollutants generated by wastewater discharges from municipal, industrial wastewater treatment plants or agricultural areas are of great interest due to their eco-toxicological effects and bio-accumulative properties. The aim of this study was to monitor the priority organic and inorganic pollutants from the Siret River basin, in Romania, with the purpose of assessing the surface water quality status and evaluating it by the Water Quality Index (WAWQI) method. The monitoring of inorganic priority pollutants (e.g., As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) and organic priority pollutants (e.g., Naphthalene, Anthracene, Phenanthrene, Fluoranthene, Benzo(a)anthracene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzo(ghi)perylene, Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, α, β, and γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane, and Di-2-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate) was conducted within the Siret River basin, during the period 2015–2020. With this purpose, 21 sampling points (18 river sections and 3 lakes) were considered to assess the water quality. The results of this study proved that the water quality within the Siret River basin is generally classified in the 2nd or 3rd class. The spatial distribution of the water quality index values, using ARCGIS, also highlighted the fact that the water quality is mostly unsuitable for drinking water supplies, being influenced by the quality of its main tributaries, as well as by the effluent of wastewater treatment plants.
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3
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Teunen L, De Jonge M, Malarvannan G, Covaci A, Belpaire C, Focant JF, Blust R, Bervoets L. Effect of abiotic factors and environmental concentrations on the bioaccumulation of persistent organic and inorganic compounds to freshwater fish and mussels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149448. [PMID: 34371403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many aquatic ecosystems are under persistent stress due to influxes of anthropogenic chemical pollutants. High concentrations can harm entire ecosystems and be toxic to humans. However, in case of highly hydrophobic compounds, their low water solubility precludes direct measurement in water, and thus alternative monitoring strategies are needed. In the present study, we investigated the extent to which bioaccumulated concentrations of persistent compounds can be predicted by concentrations in environmental compartments (water and sediment). Due to their high biomagnification potential, Hg and PFOS were included in this analysis as well. At 44 field locations in Flanders (Belgium), we monitored the concentrations of 11 priority compounds and their derivatives, included in the Water Framework Directive, in both sediment and water (where feasible) and biota (European perch, European eel and freshwater mussels). Besides, some sediment (i.e. total organic carbon (TOC) and clay content) and water characteristics were measured (i.e. pH, oxygen level, conductivity, nitrate, nitrite and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)). Measurements of HCB, HCBD, cis-heptachlorepoxide, HBCD and PFOS in sediment and ∑PCB in water showed a lower detection frequency than in fish samples. While PCB profiles were comparable between all matrices, for PBDE clear differences were detected between sediment and fish profiles, with BDE99 contributing the most for sediment (34%) and BDE47 for fish (≥44%), followed by BDE99 for perch (28%) and BDE100 for eel (25%). Water concentrations for PFOS and benzo(a)pyrene were predictive of respective bioaccumulated concentrations. HCB, ∑PCB and ∑PBDE, concentrations in fish were dependent on sediment concentrations and negatively related to organic compound levels (p < 0.05). Furthermore, pH and nitrite were negatively associated with accumulated concentrations in eel for HCB and PFOS, respectively (p < 0.05). Strong relationships between bioaccumulation and sediment and/or water concentrations strengthened the basis for surrogate monitoring methods. Finally, the extrapolation potential of Hg, ∑PBDE, PFOS, HBCD and ∑PCB between both fish species offered new opportunities in extrapolating different European monitoring frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Teunen
- Department of Biology, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Maarten De Jonge
- Flanders Environment Agency (VMM), Dokter De Moorstraat 24-26, B-9300 Aalst, Belgium
| | - Govindan Malarvannan
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Claude Belpaire
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Dwersbos 28, B-1630 Linkebeek, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Focant
- CART, Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Liège, Allée de la Chimie 3, B-6c Start-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Department of Biology, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- Department of Biology, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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4
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Planche C, Ratel J, Mercier F, Zhang C, Angénieux M, Blinet P, Marchand P, Dervilly G, Albert I, Tressou J, Debrauwer L, Engel E. In vitro assessment of polychlorinated biphenyl bioaccessibility in meat: Influence of fat content, cooking level and consumer age on consumer uptake. Food Chem 2021; 374:131623. [PMID: 34872793 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In a risk assessment perspective, this work aims to assess the bioaccessibility of PCBs in meat. A standardised in vitro static digestion protocol was set up and coupled with extraction, clean-up and GC × GC-ToF/MS multianalyte method to monitor the fate of PCBs in meat during digestion. Starting with spiked meat, PCB bioaccessibility in 11% fat medium-cooked meat varied in adults from 20.6% to 30.5% according to congeners. PCB bioaccessibility increased to 44.2-50.1% in 5% fat meat and decreased to 6.2-9.1% and to 14.6-19.4% in digestion conditions mimicking infants and elderly, respectively. Intense cooking also decreased PCB bioaccessibility to 18.0-26.7%. Bioaccessibility data obtained with spiked meat were validated with measurements carried out in incurred meat samples. Finally, mean uptake distributions are obtained from a modular Bayesian approach. These distributions feature a lower mode when the fat content is higher, the meat is well-done cooked, and the consumers are older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Planche
- MASS Group, UR QuaPA, INRAE, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, F-31027 Toulouse, France; Axiom Platform, UMR Toxalim, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, F-31027, France
| | - Jérémy Ratel
- MASS Group, UR QuaPA, INRAE, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Frédéric Mercier
- MASS Group, UR QuaPA, INRAE, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Cheng Zhang
- MASS Group, UR QuaPA, INRAE, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Magaly Angénieux
- MASS Group, UR QuaPA, INRAE, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Patrick Blinet
- MASS Group, UR QuaPA, INRAE, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | | | - Isabelle Albert
- UMR MIA, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Paris 518, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Tressou
- UMR MIA, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Paris 518, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, F-31027 Toulouse, France; Axiom Platform, UMR Toxalim, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, F-31027, France
| | - Erwan Engel
- MASS Group, UR QuaPA, INRAE, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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Capoccioni F, Leone C, Belpaire C, Malarvannan G, Poma G, De Matteis G, Tancioni L, Contò M, Failla S, Covaci A, Ciccotti E. Quality assessment of escaping silver eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) to support management and conservation strategies in Mediterranean coastal lagoons. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:570. [PMID: 32770417 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silver eel samples, collected from the lagoons of Fogliano and Caprolace (Italy), were investigated for a broad range of contaminants (29 polychlorinated biphenyls, 9 polybrominated diphenyl ethers, 5 dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, 5 chlordanes, hexachlorobenzene, 3 hexachlorocyclohexane, and 5 metals). Concentrations of targeted compounds stand for a general low contamination pattern. Infestation by Anguillicola crassus and virus infections were also examined. No parasite infestation was found, while infected silver eels had a low prevalence for EVEX, and, for the first time in the Mediterranean area, for AngHV-1. Overall, a good quality status of escaping silver eels, for both lagoons, was highlighted by the use of integrative Indexes. A quality assessment of the ecological status of the two lagoons was carried out developing an expert judgment approach, in order to characterize the habitat of eel stocks. A Final Pressure Index was derived, whose values showed an overall limited global anthropogenic impact acting on both lagoons. Results stand for the suitability of an integrated approach to assess lagoon habitats and eel local stocks quality. This could be proposed as a tool to identify sites yielding high quality eel spawners in the Mediterranean region, in order to set up suitable management frameworks, providing elements to appraise and discuss the potential of coastal lagoons in the Mediterranean region towards the recovery of the eel global stock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Capoccioni
- Centro di ricerca "Zootecnia e Acquacoltura" - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Monterotondo, RM, Italy.
| | - Chiara Leone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Claude Belpaire
- Institute for Nature and Forest Research (INBO), Linkebeek, Belgium
| | | | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Giovanna De Matteis
- Centro di ricerca "Zootecnia e Acquacoltura" - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tancioni
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Contò
- Centro di ricerca "Zootecnia e Acquacoltura" - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Sebastiana Failla
- Centro di ricerca "Zootecnia e Acquacoltura" - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Eleonora Ciccotti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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6
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Lortholarie M, Zalouk-Vergnoux A, Couderc M, Kamari A, François Y, Herrenknecht C, Poirier L. Rare earth element bioaccumulation in the yellow and silver European eel (Anguilla anguilla): A case study in the Loire estuary (France). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:134938. [PMID: 31859057 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, rare earth elements (REEs) were measured in European eel muscles (Anguilla anguilla) from the Loire estuary in France. This study site is characterized by a large anthropogenic pressure with potential activities releasing REEs such as oil refineries, aeronautic and naval industries, wind turbine industries, hospitals with magnetic resonance imaging and coal-fired power plants. These activities may lead to increased REE concentrations in sediments the primary habitat of European eels. In the present work, REE bioaccumulation was evaluated by determining the concentrations in yellow and silver eel muscles sampled at three different locations in the Loire estuary and at two periods (2011/2012 and 2018/2019). The aims of this study were the understanding of the spatio-temporal influences (sampling site and sampling period) and intraspecific variations (age, sex, sexual maturation, length, weight, and parasitism) on the whole REE bioaccumulation. The mean value of the sum of REE concentrations (∑REEs) was 2.91, 6.48 and 12.60 µg/kg of muscle from respectively yellow eels, female silver eels and male silver eels fished in 2018/2019. The results showed that silver males accumulated more REEs than silver females and silver eels accumulate more REEs than yellow ones. Regarding the determination of spatio-temporal variations, an increase of REE concentrations for silver eel muscles between the two periods was observed, certainly related to the increase of REE uses. Finally, a trend of higher contamination of eels sampled in the downstream of Nantes was noticed for yellow eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Lortholarie
- Laboratory Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France.
| | - Aurore Zalouk-Vergnoux
- Laboratory Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France.
| | - Mickaël Couderc
- Laboratory Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France
| | - Abderrahmane Kamari
- Laboratory Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France
| | - Yannick François
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France
| | - Christine Herrenknecht
- Laboratory Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France
| | - Laurence Poirier
- Laboratory Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France.
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7
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Castro D, Mieiro CL, Coelho JP, Guilherme S, Marques A, Santos MA, Duarte AC, Pereira E, Pacheco M. Addressing the impact of mercury estuarine contamination in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L., 1758) - An early diagnosis in glass eel stage based on erythrocytic nuclear morphology. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:733-742. [PMID: 29475718 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The decline of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L., 1758) population throughout Europe has been partially attributed to pollution. As glass eel estuarine migration may represent a considerable threat, the impact of mercury (Hg) contamination at this stage was evaluated through an in situ experiment (7days). Total Hg (tHg) bioaccumulation was evaluated concomitantly with erythrocytic nuclear morphology alterations: erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities assay (ENA), frequency of immature erythrocytes (IE) and the erythrocytic maturity index (EMI). The ENA results suggested a genotoxic pressure at the most contaminated sites, in line with the tHg increase. The EMI data, together with IE frequency, showed that fish exposed to high levels of Hg exhibited alterations of haematological dynamics, translated into an erythropoiesis increment. Despite the presence of these compensatory mechanisms, the present findings suggest a harmful impact of Hg on genome integrity at this early development stage, potentially affecting eels' condition and ultimately the population sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Castro
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - C L Mieiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - J P Coelho
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Rua das Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - S Guilherme
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Marques
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M A Santos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A C Duarte
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - E Pereira
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Pacheco
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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8
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Planche C, Ratel J, Blinet P, Mercier F, Angénieux M, Chafey C, Zinck J, Marchond N, Chevolleau S, Marchand P, Dervilly-Pinel G, Guérin T, Debrauwer L, Engel E. Effects of pan cooking on micropollutants in meat. Food Chem 2017; 232:395-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Freese M, Sühring R, Marohn L, Pohlmann JD, Wolschke H, Byer JD, Alaee M, Ebinghaus R, Hanel R. Maternal transfer of dioxin-like compounds in artificially matured European eels. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:348-356. [PMID: 28482314 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several eel species of the genus Anguilla are considered endangered due to a severe decline in recruitment. Up to now, the reasons for this threatening development are not fully understood. The eel's highly specialized biology can lead to explicitly high accumulation of globally distributed organic lipophilic contaminants during its continental life. Because of this and due the particular toxicological sensitivity of early life stages of oviparous organisms towards dioxin-like compounds, it is crucial to improve our understanding concerning toxicokinetics and maternal transfer of organic contaminants in eels. This study presents analytical data on maternal transfer of dioxin-like (dl) compounds in relevant tissue samples taken from artificially matured and non-matured European silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) from German inland waters using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC/HRMS). Detected concentrations revealed a lipid-driven transfer of targeted compounds from muscle-fat-reserves to gonads and eggs respectively, with no distinct preferences concerning the chlorination degree of targeted compounds. Dl-PCBs were shown to contribute the major share of toxicity equivalents found in analysed eel tissues. Maternal muscle tissue to egg concentration ratios in wet weight-based samples had a mean of 6.95 ± 1.49 in accordance with the differences in total lipid content in the respective body matrices. Dioxins and furans in analysed samples were (from a toxicological point of view) of less relevance. Furthermore it was shown that muscle concentrations in silver eels could be used in future assessments to make conservative predictions for expected egg concentrations in female eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Freese
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Roxana Sühring
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
| | - Lasse Marohn
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Dag Pohlmann
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Wolschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Byer
- Life Science and Chemical Analysis, LECO Corporation, St. Joseph, MI, United States
| | - Mehran Alaee
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7R4A6, Canada
| | - Ralf Ebinghaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Reinhold Hanel
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Garrido MA, Font R, Conesa JA. Pollutant emissions from the pyrolysis and combustion of viscoelastic memory foam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 577:183-194. [PMID: 27802887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermal degradation of viscoelastic memory foam (VMF) in a horizontal laboratory scale reactor has been studied. Pyrolysis and combustion experiments under sub-stoichiometric conditions were performed at four different temperatures (550°C, 650°C, 750°C and 850°C) for the determination of pollutants. Analyses of gas and semivolatile compounds, including polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (dl-PCBs) are shown. From the results, it was deduced that pyrolytic conditions favor the formation of PAHs, methane, ethylene, NH3 and dl-PCBs, whereas the presence of oxygen involves a higher emission of PCDD/Fs and simple N-containing compounds such as NO and HCN. The toxic levels calculated for PAHs, PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in all cases were low confirming that the incineration of VMF mattress waste could be a good option for waste management. Nevertheless, relatively high emissions of NO, NH3 and HCN were obtained and their reduction must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Garrido
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Rafael Font
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan A Conesa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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11
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Desvignes V, Mahé A, Laffray X, Vigreux-Besret C, Feidt C, Badot PM, Volatier JL, Rivière G. Polychlorobiphenyls in freshwater fish: a new strategy to set maximum contamination limits. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:241-247. [PMID: 27879172 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1263879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants accumulating along the food chain, and particularly in fish. Consequently, the European Commission has set regulatory limits for PCBs in both sea- and freshwater fish. Focusing on freshwater fish, the French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety has developed a method to determine the areas in France where the consumption of locally caught freshwater fish is not recommended due to PCB contamination. To determine these areas of potential health concern, an existing statistical model of the relationship between the consumption of local fish by freshwater anglers and their PCB body burden is linked to a newly determined critical PCB body burden threshold for the population. The main conclusions of this study are that the consumption of two freshwater fish per week from rivers in the areas of France where the median contamination level in fish is greater than 250 ng g-1 could lead to some exceedance of the critical body burden threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Desvignes
- a French Agency for Food , Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety , Maisons-Alfort Cedex , France
| | - Aurélie Mahé
- a French Agency for Food , Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety , Maisons-Alfort Cedex , France
| | - Xavier Laffray
- b Chrono-Environment Lab , UMR 6249 CNRS-University of Franche-Comté usc INRA , Besançon , France
| | - Carole Vigreux-Besret
- a French Agency for Food , Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety , Maisons-Alfort Cedex , France
| | - Cyril Feidt
- c Université de Lorraine, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux , Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy , France
| | - Pierre-Marie Badot
- b Chrono-Environment Lab , UMR 6249 CNRS-University of Franche-Comté usc INRA , Besançon , France
| | - Jean-Luc Volatier
- a French Agency for Food , Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety , Maisons-Alfort Cedex , France
| | - Gilles Rivière
- a French Agency for Food , Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety , Maisons-Alfort Cedex , France
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12
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Fliedner A, Lohmann N, Rüdel H, Teubner D, Wellmitz J, Koschorreck J. Current levels and trends of selected EU Water Framework Directive priority substances in freshwater fish from the German environmental specimen bank. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:866-876. [PMID: 27389550 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Under the German environmental specimen bank programme bream (Abramis brama) were sampled in six German rivers and analysed for the priority hazardous substances dicofol, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), heptachlor + heptachlor epoxide (HC + HCE), polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCDD/Fs + dl-PCBs), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). The aim was to assess compliance with the EU Water Framework Directive environmental quality standards for biota (EQSBiota) for the year 2013, and to analyse temporal trends for those substances that are of special concern. General compliance was observed for dicofol, HBCDD and HCBD whereas PBDEs exceeded the EQSBiota at all sites. For all other substances compliance in 2013 varied between locations. No assessment was possible for HC + HCE at some sites where the analytical sensitivity was not sufficient to cover the EQSBiota. Trend analysis showed decreasing linear trends for HCB and PFOS at most sampling sites between 1995 and 2014 indicating that the emission reduction measures are effective. Mostly decreasing trends or constant levels were also observed for PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs. In contrast, increasing trends were detected for PBDEs and HBCDD which were especially pronounced at one Saar site located downstream of the industries and conurbation of Saarbrücken and Völklingen. This finding points to new sources of emissions which should be followed in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Fliedner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany.
| | - Nina Lohmann
- Eurofins GfA Lab Service GmbH, Neuländer Kamp 1a, 21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rüdel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Diana Teubner
- Trier University, Department of Biogeography, 54286 Trier, Germany
| | - Jörg Wellmitz
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), 06813 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
| | - Jan Koschorreck
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), 06813 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
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13
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Oluoch-Otiego J, Oyoo-Okoth E, Kiptoo KKG, Chemoiwa EJ, Ngugi CC, Simiyu G, Omutange ES, Ngure V, Opiyo MA. PCBs in fish and their cestode parasites in Lake Victoria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:483. [PMID: 27456696 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) regulated by the Stockholm Convention (2001). Although their production and use was stopped almost three decades ago, PCBs are environmental persistent, toxic, and bioaccumulate in biota. We assessed the levels of 7 PCB congeners (IUPAC nos. 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) in sediment and fish (Oreochromis niloticus, Lates niloticus, and Rastrineobola argentea) and evaluated the potential of cestode fish endoparasite (Monobothrioides sp., Proteocephalaus sp., and Ligula intestinalis) as biomonitors of PCBs in Lake Victoria, Kenya. The median concentration of Σ7PCBs in sediments and fish were 2.2-96.3 μg/kg dw and 300-3,000 μg/kg lw, respectively. At all the sampling sites, CB138, CB153, and CB180 were the dominant PCB congeners in sediment and fish samples. Compared to the muscle of the piscine host, Proteocephalaus sp. (infecting L. niloticus) biomagnified PCBs ×6-14 while Monobothrioides sp. (infecting O. niloticus) biomagnified PCBs ×4-8. Meanwhile, L. intestinalis (infecting R. argentea) biomagnified PCBs ×8-16 compared to the muscle of unparasitized fish. We demonstrate the occurrence of moderate to high levels of PCB in sediments and fish in Lake Victoria. We also provide evidence that fish parasites bioaccumulate higher levels of PCBs than their piscine hosts and therefore provide a promising biomonitor of PCBs. We urge further a long-term study to validate the use of the above cestode fish parasites as biomonitoring tools for PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Oluoch-Otiego
- Division of Environmental Health, School of Environmental Studies, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Elijah Oyoo-Okoth
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Department of Natural Resource, Karatina University, P.O. Box 1957-10101, Karatina, Kenya.
| | | | - Emily J Chemoiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Charles C Ngugi
- Department of Agricultural Resource Management, Kenyatta University, School of Agriculture and Enterprise Development, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gelas Simiyu
- Division of Environmental Health, School of Environmental Studies, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Elijah S Omutange
- Department of Technology Education, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Veronica Ngure
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laikipia University, Nyahururu, P.O. Box 1100-20300, Kenya
| | - Mary A Opiyo
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, National Aquaculture Research Development and Training Center, P.O. Box 451-10230, Sagana, Kenya
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14
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Couderc M, Marchand J, Zalouk-Vergnoux A, Kamari A, Moreau B, Blanchet-Letrouvé I, Le Bizec B, Mouneyrac C, Poirier L. Thyroid endocrine status of wild European eels (Anguilla anguilla) in the Loire (France). Relationships with organic contaminant body burdens. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 550:391-405. [PMID: 26845177 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In teleost fish, thyroid function is involved in various critical physiological processes. Given the complexity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, a large number of genes and proteins can be the potential target of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate, in yellow and silver European eels (Anguilla anguilla), potential effects of EDCs on thyroid status by analyzing the associations between EDC body burdens and thyroid hormones (THs). In yellow individuals, greater free T3/T4 ratios (FT3/FT4) and lower plasma FT4 levels were associated with greater concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), as highlighted by significant correlations with many congeners. Few positive relationships with alkylphenols were noticed. In contrast, silver eels usually exhibited less significant correlations between THs and contaminant loads. Expression of a series of genes involved in the HPT axis was also investigated in the silver individuals. Concerning mRNA expression in silver females, some main correlations were noticed: thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSHβ) gene expression was significantly correlated to numerous PCBs, and hepatic mRNA levels of deiodinase 2 (Deio 2) were negatively correlated to 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHF) and 2-naphtol (2-OHNa). Thyroid receptor (TRα and TRβ) mRNA levels exhibited weak negative correlations with some PBDEs in silver females and males. Hepatic vitellogenin (Vtg) mRNA levels were detected in all silver males but at lower levels than in silver females. In males, Vtg mRNA levels were positively associated to FT4/TT4. In silver females, strong positive correlations were found between congeners of PCBs, PBDEs and PFAS suggesting potential estrogenic effects. Overall, the observed results indicate that several organic contaminants, mainly dl-, ndl-PCBs and PBDEs, could be associated with changes in thyroid homeostasis in these fish, via direct or indirect interactions with peripheral deiodination, metabolism of T4 and mechanisms involved in TSHβ, Deio 2 and Vtg gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Couderc
- Université de Nantes, MMS, EA 2160, Nantes F-44322, France
| | - J Marchand
- Université du Maine, MMS, EA 2160, Le Mans F-72085, France
| | | | - A Kamari
- Université de Nantes, MMS, EA 2160, Nantes F-44322, France
| | - B Moreau
- Université du Maine, MMS, EA 2160, Le Mans F-72085, France
| | | | - B Le Bizec
- Oniris, Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes F-44307, France
| | - C Mouneyrac
- Université Catholique de l'Ouest, MMS, EA 2160, Angers F-49000, France
| | - L Poirier
- Université de Nantes, MMS, EA 2160, Nantes F-44322, France.
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15
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Ferrante MC, Fusco G, Naccari C, Meli R, Clausi MT. Are Biometric Parameters Helpful to Assess the Health Risk of Consuming Organochlorine Compounds Contaminated Silver European Eel (Anguilla anguilla)? J Food Sci 2016; 81:T1024-30. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Ferrante
- Dept. of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; Federico II Univ. of Naples; Via Delpino 1 80137 Naples Italy
| | - Giovanna Fusco
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Inst. of Southern Italy; Via Salute 2; 80055 Portici (Naples) Italy
| | - Clara Naccari
- Univ. of Messina; Viale Annunziata; 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Dept. of Pharmacy; Federico II University of Naples; Via Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Maria T. Clausi
- Dept. of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; Federico II Univ. of Naples; Via Delpino 1 80137 Naples Italy
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16
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Sørensen S, Lund KH, Cederberg TL, Ballin NZ. Identification of Baltic Sea salmon based on PCB and dioxin profiles. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Zacs D, Rjabova J, Fernandes A, Bartkevics V. Brominated, chlorinated and mixed brominated/chlorinated persistent organic pollutants in European eels (Anquilla anquilla) from Latvian lakes. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:460-72. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1136436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Freese M, Sühring R, Pohlmann JD, Wolschke H, Magath V, Ebinghaus R, Hanel R. A question of origin: dioxin-like PCBs and their relevance in stock management of European eels. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:41-55. [PMID: 26477019 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The stock of European Eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) has reached an all-time low in 2011. Spawner quality of mature eels in terms of health status and fitness is considered one of the key elements for successful migration and reproduction. Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (dl-PCBs) are known persistent organic pollutants potentially affecting the reproductive capability and health status of eels throughout their entire lifetime. In this study, muscle tissue samples of 192 European eels of all continental life stages from 6 different water bodies and 13 sampling sites were analyzed for contamination with lipophilic dl-PCBs to investigate the potential relevance of the respective habitat in light of eel stock management. Results of this study reveal habitat-dependent and life history stage-related accumulation of targeted PCBs. Sum concentrations of targeted PCBs differed significantly between life stages and inter-habitat variability in dl-PCB levels and -profiles was observed. Among all investigated life stages, migrant silver eels were found to be the most suitable life history stage to represent their particular water system due to habitat dwell-time and their terminal contamination status. With reference to a possible negative impact of dl-PCBs on health and the reproductive capability of eels, it was hypothesized that those growing up in less polluted habitats have a better chance to produce healthy offspring than those growing up in highly polluted habitats. We suggest that the contamination status of water systems is fundamental for the life cycle of eels and needs to be considered in stock management and restocking programs.
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19
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Zhang J, Fan S, Du X, Yang J, Wang W, Hou H. Accumulation, allocation, and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil-Brassica chinensis system. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115863. [PMID: 25679782 DOI: 10.1371/journalpone.0115863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Farmland soil and leafy vegetables accumulate more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in suburban sites. In this study, 13 sampling areas were selected from vegetable fields in the outskirts of Xi'an, the largest city in northwestern China. The similarity of PAH composition in soil and vegetation was investigated through principal components analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA), rather than discrimination of PAH congeners from various sources. The toxic equivalent quantity of PAHs in soil ranged from 7 to 202 μg/kg d.w., with an average of 41 μg/kg d.w., which exceeded the agricultural/horticultural soil acceptance criteria for New Zealand. However, the cancer risk level posed by combined direct ingestion, dermal contact, inhalation of soil particles, and inhalation of surface soil vapor met the rigorous international criteria (1 × 10(-6)). The concentration of total PAHs was (1052 ± 73) μg/kg d.w. in vegetation (mean ± standard error). The cancer risks posed by ingestion of vegetation ranged from 2×10-5 to 2 × 10(-4) with an average of 1.66 × 10(-4), which was higher than international excess lifetime risk limits for carcinogens (1 × 10(-4)). The geochemical indices indicated that the PAHs in soil and vegetables were mainly from vehicle and crude oil combustion. Both the total PAHs in vegetation and bioconcentration factor for total PAHs (the ratio of total PAHs in vegetation to total PAHs in soil) increased with increasing pH as well as decreasing sand in soil. The total variation in distribution of PAHs in vegetation explained by those in soil reached 98% in RDA, which was statistically significant based on Monte Carlo permutation. Common pollution source and notable effects of soil contamination on vegetation would result in highly similar distribution of PAHs in soil and vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China; School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Shukai Fan
- Environmental Engineering Institute, Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China
| | - Juncheng Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China
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20
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Couderc M, Poirier L, Zalouk-Vergnoux A, Kamari A, Blanchet-Letrouvé I, Marchand P, Vénisseau A, Veyrand B, Mouneyrac C, Le Bizec B. Occurrence of POPs and other persistent organic contaminants in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from the Loire estuary, France. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 505:199-215. [PMID: 25461022 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The chemical contamination of the Loire estuary by three classes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs): the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and the perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), and three families of organic contaminants, the alkylphenols (APs), the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites (OH-PAHs) and the bisphenol A (BPA) were investigated in the muscles and bile of European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Yellow eels (n=30) were caught in three different points along the estuary to highlight variations between sites and sources of contaminations. Silver eels (n=15) were also studied to compare contaminant impregnation between different life stages of the species. Average concentrations in the muscles of the eel ranged between: 857 and 4358 ng/gLW for the PCBs, 26 and 46 ng/gLW for the PBDEs, 130 and 1293 ng/gLW for the PFAS; and in bile: 31 and 286 μg/g protein for the APs, 9 and 26 μg/g protein for the OH-PAHs and ND-1213 μg/g protein for the BPA. Among PCBs, PCB 153 (40% contribution to the sum of PCBs) was predominant in all eel muscles. PBDE 47 (60%) was the most predominant PBDE congeners, while perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (85%) was the most widely detected PFAS. For APs, 4p-nonylphenol (91%) was the most abundant and for the OH-PAHs, it was 1OH-Pyrene (63%). All the eels exceeded the environmental quality standards (EQS) for biota for the PBDEs and about 75% were higher than the EQS specific to PFOS. Finally, 20% of the analyzed eels presented TEQ concentrations above the maximum limits for lipid-rich species. These results supplied new data on the occurrence, levels, and patterns of 53 organic chemicals in the eels from the Loire estuary and they highlighted the need of further investigations focused notably on the potential effects of these chemicals on this species and their analysis in the water and sediments of the estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Couderc
- LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, MMS, EA 2160, Nantes F-44322, France.
| | - L Poirier
- LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, MMS, EA 2160, Nantes F-44322, France
| | - A Zalouk-Vergnoux
- LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, MMS, EA 2160, Nantes F-44322, France
| | - A Kamari
- LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, MMS, EA 2160, Nantes F-44322, France
| | - I Blanchet-Letrouvé
- LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, MMS, EA 2160, Nantes F-44322, France
| | - P Marchand
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes F-44307, France
| | - A Vénisseau
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes F-44307, France
| | - B Veyrand
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes F-44307, France
| | - C Mouneyrac
- LUNAM Université, Université Catholique de l'Ouest, MMS, EA 2160, Angers F-49000, France
| | - B Le Bizec
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes F-44307, France
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21
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Jürgens MD, Chaemfa C, Hughes D, Johnson AC, Jones KC. PCB and organochlorine pesticide burden in eels in the lower Thames River (UK). CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 118:103-111. [PMID: 25078785 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-five European eels (Anguilla anguilla), caught in 2007 in the river Thames upstream and downstream of both London and the tidal limit, were analysed for PCBs and organochlorine pesticides. Most chemicals were detectable in every fish, although they have been banned or severely restricted for many years. In general, the tidal eels were more contaminated than upstream ones, which was related to their higher lipid contents. The ICES7 indicator PCB concentrations ranged overall from 4.2 to 124μgkg(-1) fresh weight with averages of 33 and 56μgkg(-1) for the upstream and tidal eels; 3.5-104μgkg(-1), average 26 and 48μgkg(-1) of that were ICES6 PCBs. Total DDT was on average 16μgkg(-1) (1.7-38μgkg(-1)) upstream and 18μgkg(-1) (8.6-35μgkg(-1)) downstream with about half of that provided by pp'DDE. Lindane (γ-HCH) was found at up to 2.8μgkg(-1) (averages 0.58 and 1.1μgkg(-1) upstream and downstream) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was on average 1.9 and 2.5μgkg(-1) in the two groups with a maximum of 6.4μgkg(-1) in each. Therefore all individuals passed the European Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) of 10μgkg(-1) for HCB. PCB contamination was fairly typical for recent UK eel data, whilst DDE and lindane concentrations were lower than most previous UK eel studies, perhaps reflecting a downward trend. Although not as highly contaminated as some eels from previous UK and European studies, the presence of so many of these chemicals, with their known health effects may represent a stress for the fish or higher predators, such as birds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chakra Chaemfa
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom; Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 511 Kehua Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, GD 510640, China
| | - David Hughes
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
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22
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Dridi I, Leroy D, Guignard C, Scholl G, Bohn T, Landoulsi A, Thomé JP, Eppe G, Soulimani R, Bouayed J. Dietary early-life exposure to contaminated eels does not impair spatial cognitive performances in adult offspring mice as assessed in the Y-maze and the Morris water maze. Nutr Res 2014; 34:1075-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Szlinder-Richert J, Ruczynska W, Nermer T, Usydus Z, Robak S. The occurrence of organic contaminants in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in Poland: an environmental quality assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 114:282-290. [PMID: 25113214 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to provide information on the levels of pollutants in the tissues of eels caught in Polish waters. The contaminants included in the study are those which have not yet been widely studied in eel stocks, but which arouse concern in relation to the environment. An overview of the pollutant levels in eels caught in other European waters was also conducted. The results are evaluated in terms of environmental quality and consumer health. The mean concentrations of ΣPBDEs and ΣHBCDs in muscles of eels sampled in Polish waters were between 1 and 2 ng g(-1) ww. The mean TBT concentrations were between 2 and 4 ng g(-1)ww with the exception of samples from the Szczecin Lagoon, in which the mean TBT concentration was about tenfold higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szlinder-Richert
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Food and Environmental Chemistry, Kollataja 1 Str., 81-332 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Wiesława Ruczynska
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Food and Environmental Chemistry, Kollataja 1 Str., 81-332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nermer
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Monitoring and Logistics, Kollataja 1 Str., 81-332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Usydus
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Food and Environmental Chemistry, Kollataja 1 Str., 81-332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Stanisław Robak
- Institute of Inland Fisheries, Department of Ichthyology, Oczapowskiego 10, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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24
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Hosoda J, Ofosu-Anim J, Sabi EB, Akita LG, Onwona-Agyeman S, Yamashita R, Takada H. Monitoring of organic micropollutants in Ghana by combination of pellet watch with sediment analysis: e-waste as a source of PCBs. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 86:575-581. [PMID: 24997873 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plastic resin pellets collected at 11 beaches covering the whole Ghanaian coastline were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PCB concentrations (∑13 congeners) were higher in Accra, capital city, and Tema (39-69 ng/g-pellets) than those in rural coastal towns (1-15 ng/g-pellets) which are close to global background, indicating local inputs of PCBs. River sediments were also analyzed for PCBs together with molecular markers. Sedimentary PCBs concentrations were highest at a site (AR02) downstream of an electronic waste (e-waste) scrapyard. At the site (AR02), concentration of linear alkylbenzenes (LABs), a marker of municipal wastewater, was lower than another site (AR03) which is located at the downstream of downtown Accra. This result suggests that PCBs are introduced more to the river from the e-waste site than from activities in downtown Accra. PAHs concentrations were relatively higher in urban areas with strong petrogenic signature. Abundance of triphenylbenzenes suggested plastic combustion near e-waste scrapyard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Hosoda
- Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (LOG), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | | | | | - Lailah Gifty Akita
- Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Siaw Onwona-Agyeman
- Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (LOG), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Rei Yamashita
- Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (LOG), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hideshige Takada
- Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (LOG), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Comby E, Le Lay YF, Piégay H. How chemical pollution becomes a social problem. Risk communication and assessment through regional newspapers during the management of PCB pollutions of the Rhône River (France). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 482-483:100-15. [PMID: 24646671 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The case study of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) pollutions of the Rhône River (France) offers the possibility of studying criteria for the construction of social problems that result from chemical pollution (2005-2010). We investigated the dynamics of competition that create and define pollution as a social problem and entail its decline. News outlets are crucial for determining how an environmental issue emerges locally or nationally; this study used newspapers to highlight the potential of new outlets as a data source to analyze discourse variability, science-policy-media connections and the hydrosphere. Media coverage was based on a content analysis and textual data analysis of 75 articles. Analytical frameworks such as the Downs Model and the Public Arena Model (Hilgartner and Bosk, 1988) that consider time and stakeholders were tested to determine how human alteration of the hydrosphere can become a social problem and to analyze different communication strategies held by stakeholders. In terms of management, we described the temporal dynamics of the social problem based on the case study and considered an explanation of the selections. We considered the organization of particular stakeholders who define the social problem from its beginning to end by focusing on their discourses, relationships, decision-making and political choices, and scientific studies. Despite some biases, newspapers are useful for retrospectively evaluating the emergence of a social problem in the public arena by describing it through discourse and then understanding the temporal patterns of information. Despite uncertainties and information flow, decisions are made and science is translated to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Comby
- University of Lyon, UMR 5600 Environnement Ville Société, site ENS de Lyon, France.
| | - Yves-François Le Lay
- University of Lyon, UMR 5600 Environnement Ville Société, site ENS de Lyon, France
| | - Hervé Piégay
- University of Lyon, UMR 5600 Environnement Ville Société, site ENS de Lyon, France
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Blanchet-Letrouvé I, Lafont AG, Poirier L, Baloche S, Zalouk-Vergnoux A, Dufour S, Mouneyrac C. Vg mRNA induction in an endangered fish species (Anguilla anguilla) from the Loire estuary (France). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 97:103-113. [PMID: 23993220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine zones are extremely fragile due to increasing stress from anthropogenic activities. Among those, the Loire estuary (France) is potentially exposed to various contaminants including Endocrine Disruptors Compounds (EDCs) able to impact the reproduction physiology of fish. The European eel (Anguilla anguilla), endangered fish species, is apparently not relevant, in its yellow stage, to monitor the effects of endocrine disruption. Despite this weakly responsiveness, this study aimed to investigate whether European eel from the Loire estuary may still be the subject of estrogenic disruption quantifying the hepatic Vg gene expression according to gender and sexual stage. Vitellogenin (Vg) appears as a valuable biomarker of EDCs, as well as for exposure and effects. Quantitative real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (q RT PCR) was used in this study to amplify responses of hepatic Vg transcripts. European eels were sampled in May 2009 (N=57) and November 2010 (during the downstream migration, N=10) in two sites of the Loire estuary with different ecological conditions and contamination pressures (upstream: Varades; downstream: Nantes). Reproductive (gender, sexual maturity stage) and biometric parameters of collected eels were determined. A laboratory exposure of silver male to steroid hormones (Testosterone (T), 11-KetoTestosterone (11-KT), Estradiol (E2)) was conducted in parallel to validate the q RT PCR approach on hepatic Vg mRNA. Results demonstrated the responsiveness of exposed silver male eels, since hepatic mRNA Vg induction was observed in E2 treated males compared to control specimens. In the field, results of female silver eels reflected large inter-individual differences in the activation of hepatic Vg at silvering. However, while only female silver eels should express hepatic Vg mRNA, quantifiable levels were also detected in a proportion of 38% of the other individuals sampled, normally not inclined to express it, those being undifferentiated eels, yellow females, yellow and silver males. According to each sexual stage, no difference of expression was observed between eels from the two sampling sites. Histological results as well as low Vg mRNA levels detected do not permit a conclusion as to a potential effect of endocrine disruption.
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