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Hegeman KA, Marlatt VL. Reproductive and thyroid endocrine axis cross-talk in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) alevins. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 312:113855. [PMID: 34284022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to characterize morphological and molecular effects in rainbow trout alevins after waterborne exposures to 17β-estradiol (E2; 0.0008 to 0.5 μg/L), triiodothyronine (T3; 0.52 to 65 μg/L), and various co-treatments for 21 to 23 days. Interestingly, there was no consistent evidence that E2 alone influenced growth, development or deformity rates, however, 65 μg/L T3 alone expedited development, and both 13 μg/L and 65 μg/L alone caused a unique opercular deformity not previously reported. In addition, some potentiation between E2 and T3 at lower concentrations suggests some cross-talk between these two hormonal pathways may also contribute to the development of this opercular deformity. Gene expression changes were observed, including induction of vtg in rainbow trout alevins at 0.02 μg/L concentration of E2, which is the lowest concentration reported to induce vtg in rainbow trout alevins. These data suggest low-level E2 does not negate abnormal growth and development caused by hyperthyroidism, and examining more time points is likely required to demonstrate a stronger response profile for individual hormones and endocrine axes cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Hegeman
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Vicki L Marlatt
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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2
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Martínez-Gómez C, Valdehita A, Vethaak AD, Navas JM, León VM. Toxicity characterization of surface sediments from a Mediterranean coastal lagoon. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126710. [PMID: 32464757 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of bioactive compounds and contaminant-associated effects was assessed by means of in vivo and in vitro assays using different extractable fractions of surface sediments from a contaminated coastal lagoon (Mar Menor, SE Spain). Sediment elutriates and clean seawater, previously exposed to whole sediment, were used for assessing the in vivo toxicity on embryo development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Agonist and antagonist activities relating to estrogen and androgen receptors and agonist activities on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (expressed as ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activities) were investigated in sediment extracts by using HER-Luc, AR-EcoScreenTM and fibroblast-like RTG-2 cell lines. Embryotoxicity effects were greater for sediment elutriates than those incubated in sediment-water interphase, implying that diffusion of bioactive chemicals can occur from sediments to sea water column, favoured by sediment disturbance events. In vitro results show the occurrence in extracts of compounds with estrogen antagonism, androgen antagonism and dioxin-like activities. Multidimensional scaling analysis classified the sampling sites into four sub-clusters according to their chemical-physical and biological similarities, relating in vitro bioactivity with the total organic carbon and known organic chemical load, with particular reference to total sum of PAHs, PCB 180, p,p-DDE and terbuthylazine. Overall, results pointed to the presence of unknown or unanalyzed biologically-active compounds in the sediments, mostly associated with the extracted polar fraction of the Mar Menor lagoon sediments. Our findings provide relevant information to be considered for the environmental management of contaminated coastal lagoons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ana Valdehita
- INIA - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria Ctra. de A Coruña, km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Dick Vethaak
- Deltares, Department of Marine and Coastal Systems, P.O. Box 177, 2600, MH, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - José María Navas
- INIA - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria Ctra. de A Coruña, km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor Manuel León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
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3
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Health status of the lizard Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810) subject to different anthropogenic pressures. C R Biol 2019; 342:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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4
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Muñiz S, Gonzalvo P, Valdehita A, Molina-Molina JM, Navas JM, Olea N, Fernández-Cascán J, Navarro E. Ecotoxicological assessment of soils polluted with chemical waste from lindane production: Use of bacterial communities and earthworms as bioremediation tools. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:539-548. [PMID: 28787615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An ecotoxicological survey of soils that were polluted with wastes from lindane (γ-HCH) production assessed the effects of organochlorine compounds on the metabolism of microbial communities and the toxicity of these compounds to a native earthworm (Allolobophora chlorotica). Furthermore, the bioremediation role of earthworms as facilitators of soil washing and the microbial degradation of these organic pollutants were also studied. Soil samples that presented the highest concentrations of ε-HCH, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, pentachlorobenzene and γ-HCH were extremely toxic to earthworms in the short term, causing the death of almost half of the population. In addition, these soils inhibited the heterotrophic metabolic activity of the microbial community. These highly polluted samples also presented substances that were able to activate cellular detoxification mechanisms (measured as EROD and BFCOD activities), as well as compounds that were able to cause endocrine disruption. A few days of earthworm activity increased the extractability of HCH isomers (e.g., γ-HCH), facilitating the biodegradation of organochlorine compounds and reducing the intensity of endocrine disruption in soils that had low or medium contamination levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Muñiz
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas). Av. Montañana 1005, CP 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Gonzalvo
- Sociedad Aragonesa de Gestión Agroambiental (SARGA). Avda. de Ranillas 5, Edificio A, 3° planta, CP 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Valdehita
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA). Carretera de la Coruña, km 7,5, CP 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Molina-Molina
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, CP 18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), CP 18071 Granada, Spain; Unidad de apoyo a la investigación, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Universidad de Granada, CP 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - José María Navas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA). Carretera de la Coruña, km 7,5, CP 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Olea
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, CP 18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), CP 18071 Granada, Spain; Unidad de apoyo a la investigación, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Universidad de Granada, CP 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Fernández-Cascán
- Departamento de Desarrollo Rural y Sostenibilidad(Gobierno de Aragón), Plaza San Pedro Nolasco, CP 50071 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Navarro
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas). Av. Montañana 1005, CP 50059 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Valdehita A, Fernández-Cruz ML, González-Gullón MI, Becerra-Neira E, Delgado MM, García-González MC, Navas JM. Androgens and androgenic activity in broiler manure assessed by means of chemical analyses and in vitro bioassays. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1746-1754. [PMID: 27187632 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of manure as an agricultural amendment is increasing the release of steroid hormones into the environment. Most research in this field has focused on estrogenic phenomena, with less attention paid to androgenic substances. The present study assessed androgenic activity in broiler manure using in vitro approaches based on cells stably transfected with androgen receptor. Leaching experiments were also performed to observe whether endocrine disruptors present in manure pass through a soil column and potentially reach groundwater. In parallel, an analytical chemistry method was used to determine the contribution of the most important natural androgens to androgenicity. Samplings were performed at 4 farms in 2 seasons. All but 2 samples showed androgen activity. In leakage experiments, however, no androgenic activity was detectable in leachates or in soils after leaching. According to the analytical results, androgenicity can be attributed mainly (but not completely) to androstenedione, and dihydrotestosterone. Similarly to the bioassays, chemical analysis did not reveal the presence of any androgen in leachates or soils. These results point to a rapid degradation of the substances responsible for androgenic activity in soils under the experimental conditions of the present study. However, the long-term effects associated with the constant and intensive application of manure to agricultural land require further attention. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1746-1754. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valdehita
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Luisa Fernández-Cruz
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel González-Gullón
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Becerra-Neira
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Mar Delgado
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mari Cruz García-González
- Innovation and Optimization of Process Area, Agricultural Technological Institute of Castilla y León (ITACyL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - José María Navas
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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6
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Polloni-Silva J, Valdehita A, Fracácio R, Navas JM. Remediation efficiency of three treatments on water polluted with endocrine disruptors: Assessment by means of in vitro techniques. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 173:267-274. [PMID: 28110017 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemical substances with potential to disrupt endocrine systems have been detected in aquatic environments worldwide, making necessary the investigation about water treatments able to inhibit such potential. The present work aimed to assess the efficiency for removing endocrine disruptors (with estrogenic and androgenic activity) of three simple and inexpensive substrates that could be potentially used in sectors or regions with limited resources: powdered activated carbon (PAC), powdered natural zeolite (ZEO) (both at a concentration of 500 mg L-1) and natural aquatic humic substances (AHS) (at 30 mg L-1). MilliQ-water and mature water from fish facilities (aquarium water, AW), were artificially spiked with 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinylestradiol and dihydrotestosterone. Moreover, effluent samples from waste water treatment plants (WWTP) were also submitted to the remediation treatments. Estrogenic and androgenic activities were assessed with two cell lines permanently transfected with luciferase as reporter gene under the control of hormone receptors: AR-EcoScreen containing the human androgen receptor and HER-LUC transfected with the sea bass estrogen receptor. PAC was efficiently removing the estrogenic and androgenic compounds added to milliQ and AW. However, androgenic activity detected in WWTP effluents was only reduced after treatment with ZEO. The higher surface area of PAC could have facilitated the removal of spiked hormones in clean waters. However, it is possible that the substances responsible of the hormonal activity in WWTP have adsorbed to micro and nanoparticles present in suspension that would have been retained with higher efficiency by ZEO that show pores of several microns in size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Polloni-Silva
- Department of Environment, Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ctra. De la Coruña Km 7.5, E-28040, Madrid, Spain; São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Sorocaba Campus, Avenida Três de Março, 511, Bairro: Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180, Sorocaba, Brazil.
| | - Ana Valdehita
- Department of Environment, Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ctra. De la Coruña Km 7.5, E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Renata Fracácio
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Sorocaba Campus, Avenida Três de Março, 511, Bairro: Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180, Sorocaba, Brazil.
| | - José M Navas
- Department of Environment, Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ctra. De la Coruña Km 7.5, E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Estrogen-dependent, extrahepatic synthesis of vitellogenin in male vertebrates: A mini-review. C R Biol 2017; 340:139-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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8
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Lei B, Xu J, Peng W, Wen Y, Zeng X, Yu Z, Wang Y, Chen T. In vitro profiling of toxicity and endocrine disrupting effects of bisphenol analogues by employing MCF-7 cells and two-hybrid yeast bioassay. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:278-289. [PMID: 26916392 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The potentially adverse health implications of bisphenol A (BPA) have led to increasing use of alternative bisphenols (BPs). However, little is known about the toxicity of alternative BPs. In this study, the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, intracellular ROS formation, and Ca2+ fluctuation effects of BPs on MCF-7 cells were evaluated. At the same time, the estrogenic and thyroidal hormone effect potentials of six BPs were also evaluated using two-hybrid yeast bioassay. The results showed that most BPs at 0.01-1 μM significantly increased cell viability in MCF-7 cells and at higher exposure concentrations of 25-100 μM, they caused a significant decrease of cell viability. At the same time, these BPs also at 25-100 μM significantly increased LDH release of MCF-7 cells. In addition, several BPs at 10-50 μM resulted in a significantly concentration-depended increase in DNA-damaging effect on MCF-7 cells and elevated ROS production. Most BPs at 0.0001-10 μM significantly increased intracellular Ca2+ level. These results showed that bisphenol AF (BPAF) and thiodiphenol (TDP) exerted cell biological effect, estrogenic, and thyroidal effect potentials greater than those of BPA. The cytotoxicity and endocrine disrupting effects of other BPs are similar to or slightly lower than those of BPA. Therefore, as potential alternatives to BPA, endocrine disrupting effects and potential health harm of alternative BPs to human can also not be ignored. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 278-289, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiangying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yipei Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Amway (China) Research and Development Center, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Lou S, Lei B, Feng C, Xu J, Peng W, Wang Y. In vitro toxicity assessment of sediment samples from Huangpu River and Suzhou River, Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:15183-15192. [PMID: 27094279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sediments are the ultimate sink for many toxic organic contaminants released into aquatic environment. The present study evaluated the toxicity effect of 13 surface sediment samples from Huangpu River and Suzhou River, East China using two-hybrid yeast bioassays for estrogenic and thyroidal effects and H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay for ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity. Toxicity was expressed as 17β-estradiol equivalent (E2-EQ), 3,3',5-triiodothyronine equivalent (T3-EQ), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalent (TEQ). At the same time, the causality between the observed EROD activity and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was examined. The results showed that the total estrogenic effects in sediments ranged from 0.06 to 1.21 μg E2-EQ kg(-1) dry weight (dw), the thyroidal effects ranged from 4.68 to 69.9 μg T3-EQ kg(-1) dw, and significantly positive correlations were found between lgT3-EQs and lgE2-EQs. The AhR agonist effects varied from 26.5 to 148.3 ng TEQ kg(-1) dw. Chemical analysis-derived TEQs contributed by PAHs ranged from 13.8 to 66.0 ng kg(-1) dw accounting for 27.2-109.9 % with mean of 48.9 % of TEQbio, indicating that PAHs made important contributions to the EROD effects of sediment extracts from the two rivers. The present study would provide meaningful information for further analysis and risk evaluation for organic pollutants in Huangpu River and Suzhou River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Lou
- Commen Subjects Department, Shangqiu Medical College, Hanan, 450000, China
| | - Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yipei Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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Quesada-García A, Encinas P, Valdehita A, Baumann L, Segner H, Coll JM, Navas JM. Thyroid active agents T3 and PTU differentially affect immune gene transcripts in the head kidney of rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 174:159-168. [PMID: 26963519 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, numerous reports describe an immunomodulating effect of thyroid-active compounds. In contrast, only few reports have been published on this subject in fish. We previously demonstrated that immune cells of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) possess thyroid hormone receptors (THRs) and that exposure of trout to the thyroid hormone 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) or the antithyroid drug propylthiouracil (PTU) alters immune cell transcript levels of THR and several immune genes. The present study aims to further characterize the immunomodulating action of thyroid-active compounds in trout immune cells. We report here the use of a custom-designed 60-mer oligo immune-targeted microarray for rainbow trout to analyze the gene expression profiles induced in the head kidney by T3 and PTU. Morphometric analyses of the thyroid showed that PTU exposure increased the size of the epithelial cells, whereas T3 induced no significant effects. Both T3 and PTU had diverse and partly contrasting effects on immune transcript profiles. The strongest differential effects of T3 and PTU on gene expressions were those targeting the Mitogen Associated Protein Kinase (MAPK), NFkB, Natural Killer (NK) and Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) pathways, a number of multipath genes (MPG) such as those encoding pleiotropic transcription factors (atf1, junb, myc), as well as important pro-inflammatory genes (tnfa, tnf6, il1b) and interferon-related genes (ifng, irf10). With these results we show for the first time in a fish species that the in vivo thyroidal status modulates a diversity of immune genes and pathways. This knowledge provides the basis to investigate both mechanisms and consequences of thyroid hormone- and thyroid disruptor-mediated immunomodulation for the immunocompetence of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Quesada-García
- Instituto Nacional Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias. INIA, Dpto. Medio Ambiente, Ctra. De la Coruña Km 7.5., E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Encinas
- Instituto Nacional Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias. INIA, Dpto. Biotecnologia, Ctra. De la Coruña Km 7.5., E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Valdehita
- Instituto Nacional Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias. INIA, Dpto. Medio Ambiente, Ctra. De la Coruña Km 7.5., E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisa Baumann
- Faculty of Vetsuisse, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Länggasstra. 122, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Segner
- Faculty of Vetsuisse, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Länggasstra. 122, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julio M Coll
- Instituto Nacional Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias. INIA, Dpto. Biotecnologia, Ctra. De la Coruña Km 7.5., E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Navas
- Instituto Nacional Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias. INIA, Dpto. Medio Ambiente, Ctra. De la Coruña Km 7.5., E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Verderame M, Limatola E, Scudiero R. Estrogenic contamination by manure fertilizer in organic farming: a case study with the lizard Podarcis sicula. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:105-14. [PMID: 26475047 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, worldwide organic farming has grown exponentially; as a consequence, the use of animal manure as a soil fertility source has become the principal agricultural choice. However, the use of manure as fertilizer can increase the amount of steroid hormone metabolites in the soil. In southern Italy, lacertidae lizards are the most abundant vertebrate group in agroecosystems and have been identified as potential model species for ecotoxicological studies. The aim of this study was to understand if the manure applied in organic farming has estrogen-like effects in the lizard Podarcis sicula. Adult male lizards were captured in two organic agricultural fields (manure-treated sites) and in an uncultivated field (control site). Lizards from the two organic farms displayed hepatic biosynthetic alterations typical of an estrogenic contamination; hepatocytes contained both vitellogenin and estrogen receptor alpha transcripts and proteins, detected by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. The same cells did not show cadmium, lead and metallothionein accumulation, indicative of the lack of inorganic contamination. These findings suggest that exogenous estrogens, arising from the use of manure, could affect the welfare of wild animals and animal breeding, leading to bioaccumulation of estrogens in food chain, with possible risk for human consumers. For this reason, organic farming should implement the use of sustainable practices such as crop rotation to preserve the soil biological activity, rather than organic manure as fertilizer.
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