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Veríssimo SN, Cunha SC, Fernandes JO, Casero M, Ramos JA, Norte AC, Paiva VH. Dynamics and effects of plastic contaminants' assimilation in gulls. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 196:106396. [PMID: 38341982 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are persistent disrupters assimilated by organisms, yet little is known about their link to plastic ingestion and health effects. In an experiment, two groups of yellow-legged/lesser black-backed gulls (Larus michahellis/Larus fuscus) were fed plastics with BDE99 to assess leaching into brain, preen oil, liver and fat tissues and evaluate effects on health and stress parameters. Although most plastic was regurgitated, we observed a clear relation between plastic ingestion and chemical leaching. BDE99 exhibited higher levels in brain tissue of gulls from the plastic groups. Also, only values of cholinesterases measured in plasma were significantly reduced in the 'plastic' groups. Cholinesterase activity in the brain also tended to decrease, suggesting a negative effect in gulls' neurofunction. Results indicate that chemical leaching occurs, even when plastics stay in the stomach for a short period of time and showed that this can affect gulls' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Veríssimo
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - María Casero
- Wildlife Rehabilitation and Investigation Center (RIAS) - Associação ALDEIA, Ria Formosa Natural Park, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Jaime A Ramos
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Norte
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vitor H Paiva
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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Kesic R, Elliott JE, Fremlin KM, Gauthier L, Drouillard KG, Bishop CA. Continuing Persistence and Biomagnification of DDT and Metabolites in Northern Temperate Fruit Orchard Avian Food Chains. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:3379-3391. [PMID: 34559907 PMCID: PMC9299171 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyldichlorethane (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane) (DDT) is an organochlorine insecticide that was widely used from the late 1940s to the 1970s in fruit orchards in the Okanagan valley, British Columbia, Canada, and in the process, contaminated American robin (Turdus migratorius) food chains with the parent compound and metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene) (p,p'-DDE). In the present study, we examined the biological fate of these DDT-related (DDT-r) compounds at the same sites/region 26 years after a previous study by: (1) collecting soil, earthworms, and American robin eggs from apple, cherry, and pear orchards; (2) characterizing the diet and trophic positions of our biota using stable isotope analyses of δ13 C and δ15 N; and (3) estimating fugacity, biota-soil-accumulation factors (BSAFs), and biomagnification factors (BMFs). Mean p,p'-DDE concentrations (soil: 16.1 µg/g organic carbon-lipid equivalent; earthworms: 96.5 µg/g lipid equivalent; eggs: 568 µg/g lipid equivalent) revealed that contamination is present at elevated levels similar to the 1990s and our average soil DDE:DDT ratio of 1.42 confirmed that DDT is slowly degrading. American robins appeared to feed at similar trophic levels, but on different earthworms as indicated by egg stable isotope values (mean δ15 N = 8.51‰ ± 0.25; δ13 C = -26.32‰ ± 0.12). Lumbricidae and Aporrectodea worms shared a roughly similar δ15 N value; however, Lumbricus terrestris showed a markedly enriched δ13 C isotope, suggesting differences in organic matter consumption and physiological bioavailability. Biota-soil-accumulation factors and BMFs ranged over several orders of magnitude and were generally >1 and our fugacity analyses suggested that p,p'-DDE is still thermodynamically biomagnifying in American robin food chains. Our results demonstrate that DDT-r in fruit orchards remains bioavailable to free-living terrestrial passerines and may pose a potential toxicological risk. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3379-3391. © 2021 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kesic
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Wildlife Research DivisionDeltaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - John E. Elliott
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Wildlife Research DivisionDeltaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Kate M. Fremlin
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Lewis Gauthier
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research CentreOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Kenneth G. Drouillard
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
| | - Christine A. Bishop
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Wildlife Research DivisionDeltaBritish ColumbiaCanada
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Eng ML, Williams TD, Fernie KJ, Karouna Renier NK, Henry PFP, Letcher RJ, Elliott JE. In ovo exposure to brominated flame retardants Part I: Assessment of effects of TBBPA-BDBPE on survival, morphometric and physiological endpoints in zebra finches. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 179:104-110. [PMID: 31026748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2,3-dibromopropyl) ether (TBBPA-BDBPE) is an additive flame retardant used in polyolefins and polymers. It has been detected in biota, including in avian eggs, yet little is known of its effects. We assessed the pattern of TBBPA-BDBPE concentrations in songbird eggs over the incubation period, and the effects of embryonic exposure to TBBPA-BDBPE in a model songbird species, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). To assess concentrations during embryo development, eggs were injected on the day they were laid with the vehicle control (safflower oil) or 100 ng TBBPA-BDBPE/g egg, and whole egg contents were collected throughout embryonic development on day 0 (unincubated), 5, 10 and 13. To evaluate effects of embryonic exposure to TBBPA-BDBPE, eggs were injected at Hamburger-Hamilton stage 18 (∼80 h after initiation of incubation) with safflower oil only, 10, 50 or 100 ng TBBPA-BDBPE/g egg (albumin injection volume 1 μl/g). Eggs were monitored for hatching success, and nestlings were monitored for growth and survival. At 15 days post-hatch, tissues were collected to assess physiological effects. TBBPA-BDBPE was incorporated into the egg as the embryo developed, and concentrations started declining in late incubation, suggesting biotransformation by the embryo. There were no effects on hatching success, nestling survival, growth, organ somatic indices, or thyroid hormone homeostasis; however, there was evidence that body condition declined in a dose-dependent manner towards the end of the rapid nestling growth phase. This decreased body condition could be a delayed effect of early developmental exposure, or it may be the result of increased exposure to biotransformation products of TBBPA-BDBPE produced over the nestling period, which are predicted to be more bioaccumulative and toxic than the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Eng
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta, British Columbia, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Tony D Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kim J Fernie
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Paula F P Henry
- U. S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Barghi M, Jin X, Lee S, Jeong Y, Yu JP, Paek WK, Moon HB. Accumulation and exposure assessment of persistent chlorinated and fluorinated contaminants in Korean birds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:220-228. [PMID: 30029105 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To date, information is scarce on the accumulation and potential risks of persistent chlorinated and fluorinated contaminants in birds. In this study, organohalogen contaminants (OHCs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), were measured in the liver tissues of 10 bird species (n = 69) from Korea. Among the OHCs, PFASs showed the highest concentration, ranging from 5.40 to 11,300 (median: 294) ng/g wet weight. The median concentrations of OCPs and PCBs in all the bird samples were 147 and 81.9 ng/g lipid weight, respectively. The maximum concentration of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) observed in our bird samples was highest reported so far. Concentrations of OHCs in predatory birds were significantly greater than those measured in non-predatory birds, indicating the importance of diet and trophic position for bioaccumulation of these contaminants. In addition, different accumulation patterns of OHCs were found between predatory and non-predatory birds. Significant correlations were found between organochlorine concentrations and stable nitrogen isotope ratio (δ15N) measurements, whereas no correlation was found between PFASs and δ15N. Although the concentrations of PCBs and DDTs in birds were lower than the threshold levels, 25% and 49% of birds exceeded the toxicity reference value and predicted no effect concentration for PFOS, respectively, implying potential health risks to Korean birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Barghi
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangzi Jin
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Lee
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsun Jeong
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Pyoung Yu
- National Science Museum, Daejeon 34143, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Kee Paek
- National Science Museum, Daejeon 34143, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
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Eng ML, Winter V, Elliott JE, MacDougall-Shackleton SA, Williams TD. Embryonic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of a brominated flame retardant reduces the size of song-control nuclei in a songbird. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 78:799-806. [PMID: 29786974 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants have the potential to act as developmental stressors and impair development of song and the brain of songbirds, but they have been largely unstudied in this context. 2,2',4,4',5-Pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) is a brominated flame retardant congener that has demonstrated endocrine disrupting effects, and has pervaded the global environment. We assessed the effects of in ovo exposure to environmentally relevant levels of BDE-99 on the neuroanatomy of the song-control system in a model songbird species, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Embryos were exposed via egg injection to a vehicle control (DMSO), 10, 100, or 1000 ng BDE-99/g egg on the day the egg was laid. Chicks were raised to sexual maturity to investigate long-term effects of BDE-99 on the adult male brain. Three key song-control nuclei (Area X, HVC, RA) all showed a dose-dependent trend toward decreasing volume as BDE-99 concentration increased, and birds exposed to 1000 ng/g in ovo BDE-99 had significantly smaller song-control nuclei volume compared to control birds. High environmental concentrations of BDE-99 in avian tissues can be within that range and thus could affect development of the song-control system in birds, and potentially other processes. We previously found that BDE-99 exposure during the nestling period had no effect of on the song-control system, although it did have significant effects on some behaviural endpoints. Taken together, these results suggest that exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) during critical developmental windows can significantly alter neurological development. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Eng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Viktoria Winter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta, British Columbia, V4K 3N2, Canada
| | - Scott A MacDougall-Shackleton
- Department of Psychology and Advanced Facility for Avian Research, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Tony D Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
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Guigueno MF, Fernie KJ. Birds and flame retardants: A review of the toxic effects on birds of historical and novel flame retardants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 154:398-424. [PMID: 28193557 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants (FRs) are a diverse group of chemicals, many of which persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in biota. Although some FRs have been withdrawn from manufacturing and commerce (e.g., legacy FRs), many continue to be detected in the environment; moreover, their replacements and/or other novel FRs are also detected in biota. Here, we review and summarize the literature on the toxic effects of various FRs on birds. Birds integrate chemical information (exposure, effects) across space and time, making them ideal sentinels of environmental contamination. Following an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) approach, we synthesized information on 8 of the most commonly reported endpoints in avian FR toxicity research: molecular measures, thyroid-related measures, steroids, retinol, brain anatomy, behaviour, growth and development, and reproduction. We then identified which of these endpoints appear more/most sensitive to FR exposure, as determined by the frequency of significant effects across avian studies. The avian thyroid system, largely characterized by inconsistent changes in circulating thyroid hormones that were the only measure in many such studies, appears to be moderately sensitive to FR exposure relative to the other endpoints; circulating thyroid hormones, after reproductive measures, being the most frequently examined endpoint. A more comprehensive examination with concurrent measurements of multiple thyroid endpoints (e.g., thyroid gland, deiodinase enzymes) is recommended for future studies to more fully understand potential avian thyroid toxicity of FRs. More research is required to determine the effects of various FRs on avian retinol concentrations, inconsistently sensitive across species, and to concurrently assess multiple steroid hormones. Behaviour related to courtship and reproduction was the most sensitive of all selected endpoints, with significant effects recorded in every study. Among domesticated species (Galliformes), raptors (Accipitriformes and Falconiformes), songbirds (Passeriformes), and other species of birds (e.g. gulls), raptors seem to be the most sensitive to FR exposure across these measurements. We recommend that future avian research connect biochemical disruptions and changes in the brain to ecologically relevant endpoints, such as behaviour and reproduction. Moreover, connecting in vivo endpoints with molecular endpoints for non-domesticated avian species is also highly important, and essential to linking FR exposure with reduced fitness and population-level effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie F Guigueno
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7S 1A1; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - Kim J Fernie
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7S 1A1.
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Maldonado AR, Mora MA, Sericano JL. Seasonal Differences in Contaminant Accumulation in Neotropical Migrant and Resident Songbirds. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 72:39-49. [PMID: 27771756 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For many years, it has been hypothesized that Neotropical migrants breeding in the United States and Canada accumulate organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) while on their wintering grounds in Latin America. We investigated the seasonal accumulation of persistent organic pollutant (POPs) in migrant and resident passerines in Texas, Yucatán, and Costa Rica collected during the fall, winter, and spring from 2011 to 2013. A total of 153 birds were collected, and all contained detectable levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and OCPs with dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) being the most predominant pesticide. OCPs and PCBs were the predominant contaminants, accounting for ≥80 % of the total POPs burden, whereas PBDEs accounted for ≤16 %. Only spring migrants from Texas had significantly greater DDE concentrations (64.6 ng/g dry weight [dw]) than migrants collected in Costa Rica (23.2 ng/g dw). Resident birds in Texas had significantly greater levels of DDE (121 ng/g dw) and ΣPBDEs (34.8 ng/g dw) compared with residents in Yucatán and Costa Rica. For ΣPCBs, resident birds from Costa Rica had significantly lower concentrations (9.60 ng/g dw) compared with their migrant counterparts (43.7 ng/g dw) and residents from Texas (48.3 ng/g dw) and the Yucatán (32.1 ng/g dw). Migrant and resident passerines had similar congener profiles for PCBs and PBDEs suggesting similar exposure and retention of these contaminants. No significant accumulation of DDE was observed in migrants while on their wintering grounds. Relatively high concentrations of PBDEs in resident birds from Costa Rica warrant future studies of PBDE contamination in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra R Maldonado
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, 315 Nagle Hall MS 2258, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Miguel A Mora
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, 315 Nagle Hall MS 2258, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - José L Sericano
- Geochemical Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, 833 Graham Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
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Eng ML, Letcher RJ, Williams TD, Elliott JE. In ovo tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate concentrations significantly decrease in late incubation after a single exposure via injection, with no evidence of effects on hatching success or latent effects on growth or reproduction in zebra finches. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:83-88. [PMID: 27207485 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) eggs were injected with the organophosphate triester flame retardant tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) at 0 μg/g, 0.01 μg/g, 1 μg/g, 10 μg/g, or 50 μg/g egg. Subsets of high-dose eggs were collected throughout incubation to measure TBOEP, which started declining in late incubation and then decreased rapidly to 28% of injected concentration by hatching. The authors found no effects of TBOEP on survival, growth, or reproduction even at very high doses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:83-88. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Eng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony D Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
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Fernie KJ, Marteinson SC. Sex-specific changes in thyroid gland function and circulating thyroid hormones in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius) following embryonic exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers by maternal transfer. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2084-2091. [PMID: 26757407 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) accumulate in predatory birds. Several PBDE congeners are considered thyroid disruptors; however, avian studies are limited. The authors examined circulating thyroid hormones and thyroid gland function of nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius) at 17 d to 20 d of age, following embryonic exposure by maternal transfer only to environmentally relevant levels of PBDEs (DE-71 technical mixture). Nestlings were exposed to in ovo sum (Σ) PBDE concentrations of 11 301 ± 95 ng/g wet weight (high exposure), 289 ± 33 ng/g wet weight (low exposure), or 3.0 ± 0.5 ng/g wet weight (controls, background exposure). Statistical comparisons are made to controls of the respective sexes and account for the relatedness of siblings within broods. Circulating concentrations of plasma total thyroxine (TT4 ) and total triiodothyronine (TT3 ) in female nestlings were significantly influenced overall by the exposure to DE-71. Following intramuscular administration of thyroid-stimulating hormone, the temporal response of the thyroid gland in producing and/or releasing TT4 was also significantly affected by the females' exposure to DE-71. The altered availability of T4 for conversion to T3 outside of the gland and/or changes in thyroid-related enzymatic activity may explain the lower TT3 concentrations (baseline, overall) and moderately altered temporal TT3 patterns (p = 0.06) of the treatment females. Controlling for the significant effect on TT3 levels of the delayed hatching of treatment females, baseline TT3 levels were significantly and positively correlated with body mass (10 d, 15 d, 20 d), with PBDE-exposed females generally being smaller and having lower TT3 concentrations. Given that exposure concentrations were environmentally relevant, similar thyroidal changes and associated thyroid-mediated processes relating to growth may also occur in wild female nestlings. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2084-2091. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim J Fernie
- Wildlife Toxicology & Disease, Science & Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah C Marteinson
- Wildlife Toxicology & Disease, Science & Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
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Bro E, Devillers J, Millot F, Decors A. Residues of plant protection products in grey partridge eggs in French cereal ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9559-73. [PMID: 26841780 PMCID: PMC4871908 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of the eggs of farmland birds by currently used plant protection products (PPPs) is poorly documented despite a potential to adversely impact their breeding performance. In this context, 139 eggs of 52 grey partridge Perdix perdix clutches, collected on 12 intensively cultivated farmlands in France in 2010-2011, were analysed. Given the great diversity of PPPs applied on agricultural fields, we used exploratory GC/MS-MS and LC/MS-MS screenings measuring ca. 500 compounds. The limit of quantification was 0.01 mg/kg, a statutory reference. A total of 15 different compounds were detected in 24 clutches. Nine of them have been used by farmers to protect crops against fungi (difenoconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole, fenpropidin and prochloraz), insects (lambda-cyhalothrin and thiamethoxam/clothianidin) and weeds (bromoxynil and diflufenican). Some old PPPs were also detected (fipronil(+sulfone), HCH(α,β,δ isomers), diphenylamine, heptachlor(+epoxyde), DDT(Σisomers)), as well as PCBs(153, 180). Concentrations ranged between <0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg but reached 0.067 (thiamethoxam/clothianidin), 0.11 (heptachlor + epoxyde) and 0.34 (fenpropidin) mg/kg in some cases. These results testify an actual exposure of females and/or their eggs to PPPs in operational conditions, as well as to organochlorine pollutants or their residues, banned in France since several years if not several decades, that persistently contaminate the environment.Routes of exposure, probability to detect a contamination in the eggs, and effects on egg/embryo characteristics are discussed with regard to the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bro
- National Game and Wildlife Institute (ONCFS), Research Department, Saint Benoist, 78610, Auffargis, France.
| | - James Devillers
- Centre de Traitement de l'Information Scientifique, 3 chemin de la Gravière, 69140, Rillieux La Pape, France
| | - Florian Millot
- National Game and Wildlife Institute (ONCFS), Research Department, Saint Benoist, 78610, Auffargis, France
| | - Anouk Decors
- National Game and Wildlife Institute (ONCFS), Research Department, Saint Benoist, 78610, Auffargis, France
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Guo W, Gardner S, Yen S, Petreas M, Park JS. Temporal Changes of PBDE Levels in California House Cats and a Link to Cat Hyperthyroidism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1510-1518. [PMID: 26699103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we measured serum PBDE levels in California (CA) house cats during two time periods: 2008-2010 and 2012-2013 to assess the impacts of the decline in use of these materials after the bans. The median ∑19PBDE level in CA household cats (age ≥10 yr) was 3479 ng/g lipid in 2008-2010 (1st time period, n = 21) and 1518 ng/g lipid in 2012-2013 (2nd time period, n = 22), about 2 times lower than in the first time period (p = 0.006). In contrast, PCB and OCP levels showed no statistically significant changes. With better matched group size and age (HT = 11 vs non-HT = 11, age ≥10 yr) in the second time period, we found that ∑19PBDE level (mean ± SE ng/g lipid) was significantly higher in the HT group (3906 ± 1442) than those in the non-HT group (1125 ± 244) (p = 0.0030). Higher levels of PCBs and OCPs were also found in HT group. Despite the declines of PBDE levels, our findings indicate that the current levels of PBDEs, as well as PCBs and OCPs, may still pose health effects for house cats and, possibly, humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Guo
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency , 700 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, California 94710, United States
| | - Stephen Gardner
- VCA Albany Animal Hospital , 1550 Solano Avenue, Albany, California 94707, United States
| | - Simon Yen
- Campus Veterinary Clinic , 1807 M.L.K. Jr Way, Berkeley, California 94709, United States
| | - Myrto Petreas
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency , 700 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, California 94710, United States
| | - June-Soo Park
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency , 700 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, California 94710, United States
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Bro E, Millot F, Decors A, Devillers J. Quantification of potential exposure of gray partridge (Perdix perdix) to pesticide active substances in farmlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 521-522:315-25. [PMID: 25847175 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Estimating exposure of wild birds to plant protection products is of key importance in the risk assessment process evaluating their harmful potential. In this paper, we propose an ecologically-relevant methodology to estimate potential exposure to active substances (ASs) of a farmland focal bird, the gray partridge Perdix perdix. It is based on bird habitat use of fields at the time of pesticide applications. It accounts for spatio-temporal heterogeneity at population and landscape scales. We identify and quantify the potential exposure to 179 ASs of 140 clutches during pre-laying, laying, and incubation phases, and of 75 coveys. The data come from a large scale field study combining radiotelemetry and a farmer survey. They were collected in 12 different representative sites. The proportion of clutches potentially exposed to a given chemical was ≥5% for 32 ASs; prothioconazole and epoxiconazole ranking first. 71% of clutches were potentially exposed to ≥1 AS and 67% to ≥2 ASs. Mixtures involved 2 to 22 ASs. They emerged from commercial formulations, tank mixtures, bird habitat use, and combinations. ASs were fungicides (53%), herbicides (25%), and insecticides (16%) used on a variety of crops in April-June, when ground-nesting birds are breeding. The European Food Safety Authority conclusions report a long-term first-tier toxicity-to-exposure ratio (TERlt) <5 for 11 out of 19 documented ASs, and higher-tier TERlt <5 for 5 out of 10 ASs. This suggests a potential risk for bird reproduction in farmlands. Globally 13% of coveys were potentially exposed to 18 ASs during the first month (1-4 coveys per AS). The use of our field data in future research and risk assessment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bro
- National Game and Wildlife Institute (ONCFS), Research Department, Saint Benoist, BP 20, F 78 612 Le Perray en Yvelines Cedex, France.
| | - Florian Millot
- National Game and Wildlife Institute (ONCFS), Research Department, Saint Benoist, BP 20, F 78 612 Le Perray en Yvelines Cedex, France.
| | - Anouk Decors
- National Game and Wildlife Institute (ONCFS), Research Department, Saint Benoist, BP 20, F 78 612 Le Perray en Yvelines Cedex, France.
| | - James Devillers
- Centre de Traitement de l'Information Scientifique (CTIS), 3 chemin de la Gravière, 69140 Rillieux La Pape, France.
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De Groof G, George I, Touj S, Stacho M, Jonckers E, Cousillas H, Hausberger M, Güntürkün O, Van der Linden A. A three-dimensional digital atlas of the starling brain. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:1899-909. [PMID: 25690327 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Because of their sophisticated vocal behaviour, their social nature, their high plasticity and their robustness, starlings have become an important model species that is widely used in studies of neuroethology of song production and perception. Since magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents an increasingly relevant tool for comparative neuroscience, a 3D MRI-based atlas of the starling brain becomes essential. Using multiple imaging protocols we delineated several sensory systems as well as the song control system. This starling brain atlas can easily be used to determine the stereotactic location of identified neural structures at any angle of the head. Additionally, the atlas is useful to find the optimal angle of sectioning for slice experiments, stereotactic injections and electrophysiological recordings. The starling brain atlas is freely available for the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert De Groof
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Isabelle George
- UMR6552-Ethologie Animale Et Humaine, Université Rennes 1-CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Sara Touj
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,UMR6552-Ethologie Animale Et Humaine, Université Rennes 1-CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Martin Stacho
- Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Jonckers
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hugo Cousillas
- UMR6552-Ethologie Animale Et Humaine, Université Rennes 1-CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Martine Hausberger
- UMR6552-Ethologie Animale Et Humaine, Université Rennes 1-CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annemie Van der Linden
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Eng ML, Elliott JE, Jones SP, Williams TD, Drouillard KG, Kennedy SW. Amino acid sequence of the AhR1 ligand-binding domain predicts avian sensitivity to dioxin like compounds: in vivo verification in European starlings. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:2753-8. [PMID: 25209921 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated that the sensitivity of avian species to the embyrotoxic effects of dioxin-like compounds can be predicted by the amino acid identities at two key sites within the ligand-binding domain of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 1 (AhR1). The domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) has been established as a highly sensitive species to the toxic effects of dioxin-like compounds. Results from genotyping and in vitro assays predict that the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) is also highly sensitive to dioxin-like compound toxicity. The objective of the present study was to test that prediction in vivo. To do this, we used egg injections in field nesting starlings with 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), a dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl. Eggs were dosed with either the vehicle control or 1 of 5 doses (1.4, 7.1, 15.9, 32.1, and 52.9 ng PCB-126/g egg). A dose-dependent increase in embryo mortality occurred, and the median lethal dose (LD50; 95% confidence interval [CI]) was 5.61 (2.33-9.08) ng/g. Hepatic CYP1A4/5 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in hatchlings also increased in a dose-dependent manner, with CYP1A4 being more induced than CYP1A5. No effect of dose on morphological measures was seen, and we did not observe any overt malformations. These results indicate that, other than the chicken, the European starling is the most sensitive species to the effects of PCB-126 on avian embryo mortality reported to date, which supports the prediction of relative sensitivity to dioxin-like compounds based on amino acid sequence of the AhR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Eng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
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Sun YX, Hao Q, Zheng XB, Luo XJ, Zhang ZW, Zhang Q, Xu XR, Zou FS, Mai BX. PCBs and DDTs in light-vented bulbuls from Guangdong Province, South China: levels, geographical pattern and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 490:815-821. [PMID: 24907616 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-two light-vented bulbuls (Pycnonotus sinensis) were collected from six sampling sites in Guangdong Province, South China to investigate the geographical variation on the occurrence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs). Concentrations of PCBs and DDTs in the pectoral muscle of light-vented bulbul ranged from 140 to 73,000 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and 12 to 4600 ng/g lw, respectively. PCB concentrations were significantly higher in birds from e-waste site compared to other sampling sites (mean, 18,000 vs 290 ng/g lw, p<0.0001), implying that PCBs mainly came from e-waste recycling activities. No significant differences for DDT levels were observed among the sampling sites (p=0.092). Differences in PCB homologue profiles among the sampling sites were found and can be probably ascribed to different local contamination sources. p,p'-DDE (>80%) was the most abundant component of DDTs in birds. Compositional pattern of DDTs suggested that historical residue was the main source of DDT. The toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations had significant positive correlations with PCB concentrations, indicating that elevated PCB levels may have adverse effects on light-vented bulbuls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Qing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zai-Wang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Guangdong Entomological Institute, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Fa-Sheng Zou
- Guangdong Entomological Institute, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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