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Wang X, Li X, Wang Z, Gao F, He F. Application of Biomass Smoldering for Rural Building Heating in China: Strengths and Challenges. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9991-9999. [PMID: 38463257 PMCID: PMC10918795 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Biomass smoldering for rural building heating could be a potential choice for bioenergy utilization in China to reduce the pollution caused by agroresidues open burning and to satisfy the increased demand of rural building heating. Its strengths include low pretreatment, transportation, and storage fees of fuel; ease of operation; good fertilizer characteristics of ash; use of latent heat of water vapor; pollution reduction; reduction of pests, weeds, and plant diseases on the farm; etc. However, controls of the burn rate and the gas emission are two challenges of the application, and related solutions of these challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wang
- Shandong
Vocational College of Science and Technology, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- Shandong
Vocational College of Science and Technology, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Shandong
Vocational College of Science and Technology, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Shandong
Vocational College of Science and Technology, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Fang He
- Shandong
University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
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2
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Zong Z, Shi X, Sun Z, Tian C, Li J, Fang Y, Gao H, Zhang G. Nitrogen isotopic composition of NO x from residential biomass burning and coal combustion in North China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119238. [PMID: 35367503 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stable nitrogen isotope (δ15N) technology has often been used as a powerful tool to separate nitrogen oxides (NOx) produced by residential combustion (i.e., biomass burning and coal combustion) from other sources. However, the insufficient measurement of δ15N-NOx fingerprints of these emissions limits its application, especially in North China where residential emissions are significant. This study conducted combustion experiments to determine the δ15N-NOx of typical residential fuels in North China, including ten biomass fuels and five types of coal. The results showed that the δ15N of biomass varied between -6.9‰ and 2.3‰, which was lower than the δ15N of residential coal (-0.2‰-4.6‰). After combustion, the δ15N of biomass residues increased greatly, while that of coal residues showed no significant upward trend (p > 0.05). The δ15N-NOx produced by biomass burning ranged from -5.6‰ to 3.2‰ (-0.4‰ ± 2.4‰), showing a significant linear relation with δ15N-biomass. Comparatively, the δ15N-NOx derived from residential coal combustion was much higher (16.1‰ ± 3.3‰), ranging from 11.7‰ to 19.7‰. It was not well correlated with δ15N-coal, and only slightly lower than the estimated δ15N-NOx of industrial coal combustion (17.9‰, p > 0.05). These observations indicate that the δ15N-NOx of residential coal combustion is a result of the mixture of thermal- and fuel-released NOx. Based on the isotopic characteristics observed in this study, we analyzed the reported δ15N-NOx, and provided more statistically robust δ15N-NOx distributions for biomass burning (1.3‰ ± 4.3‰; n = 101) and coal combustion (17.9‰ ± 3.1‰; n = 26), which could provide guidance for scientific studies aiming to quantify the origin of NOx in North China and in other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiaolan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, PR China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Chongguo Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China.
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110164, PR China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, PR China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Source Apportionment and Toxic Potency of PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) at an Island in the Middle of Bohai Sea, China. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have attracted more attention because of their high atmospheric concentration and toxicity in recent decades. In this study, a total of 60 PM2.5 samples were collected from Beihuangcheng Island in Bohai Sea, China, from August 2017 to March 2018 for analyzing 16 congeners of PAHs (Σ16PAHs). Sources of PAHs were apportioned by a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model and the carcinogenic risk due to exposure to the PAHs was estimated by the toxicity equivalent of BaP (BaPeq). The results showed that the average concentration of Σ16PAHs was 35.3 ± 41.8 ng/m3. The maximum concentration of Σ16PAHs occurred in winter, followed by spring and autumn, and summer. The PMF modeling apportioned the PAHs into four sources, coal combustion, biomass burning, vehicle exhaust, and petroleum release, contributing 43.1%, 25.8%, 24.7%, and 6.39%, respectively. The average ΣBaPeq concentration was 2.32 ± 4.95 ng/m3 during the sampling period, and vehicle exhaust was the largest contributor. The finding indicates that more attention should be paid to reduce the emissions from coal combustion and vehicle exhaust because they were the largest contributors to the PAH concentration in PM2.5 and ΣBaPeq concentration, respectively.
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Sun R, Wang X, Tian C, Zong Z, Ma W, Zhao S, Wang Y, Tang J, Cui S, Li J, Zhang G. Exploring source footprint of Organophosphate esters in the Bohai Sea, China: Insight from temporal and spatial variabilities in the atmosphere from June 2014 to May 2019. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107044. [PMID: 34915353 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are still produced and used in large quantities in the world-wide, and the environmental burden and behavior have generated widespread concern, especially in some large-scale waterbodies. This study conducted a comprehensive assessment on the temporal and spatial variabilities and budget of OPEs to trace the source for the Bohai Sea (BS), based on a 5-year seasonal monitoring campaign (June 2014 to May 2019) of 12 atmospheric sites around the BS and our previous studies. The average concentration of Σ10OPEs in atmosphere during the sampling period was 7.65 ± 6.42 ng m-3, and chlorinated OPEs were the major compounds. The Seasonal-Trend decomposition procedure based on Loess (STL) analyzed that during the 5-year sampling period, the atmospheric concentrations of Σ10OPEs had a slightly increasing trend with a rate of + 0.092 ng m-3 yr-1, and the seasonal concentrations had a distinct seasonal distribution. The highest concentration of Σ10OPEs was observed at the sampling site of Dalian, followed by Tianjin, Yantai, and Beihuangcheng. The estimation of the fugacity ratios and air-water gas exchange fluxes established that the concentration levels of two major components of chlorinated OPEs (tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP)) in the atmosphere were dominated by their volatilization from BS's seawater (1.24 ± 0.46 t yr-1 for TCEP and 5.15 ± 2.15 t yr-1 for TCPP), with 73% deriving from the coastal seawater. The budget assessment suggested that the volatile fluxes of TCEP and TCPP accounted for 8% and 29% of their storages (15.6 ± 5.32 t for TCEP and 17.6 ± 6.70 t for TCPP) in the BS seawater, which were mainly contributed by continental river input (20% for TCEP and 42% for TCPP). The efforts indicated that river inputs of TCEP and TCPP needed to be paid more attention for the improvement of environmental quality of the BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Chongguo Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zheng Zong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenwen Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jianhui Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Song Cui
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Potential Risks of PM 2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals from Inland and Marine Directions for a Marine Background Site in North China. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10010032. [PMID: 35051074 PMCID: PMC8779893 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ambient PM2.5-bound ions, OC, EC, heavy metals (HMs), 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 7 hopanes, and 29 n-alkanes were detected at Tuoji Island (TI), the only marine background atmospheric monitoring station in North China. The annual PM2.5 average concentration was 47 ± 31 μg m-3, and the average concentrations of the compositions in PM2.5 were higher in cold seasons than in warm seasons. The cancer and non-cancer risks of HMs and PAHs in cold seasons were also higher than in warm seasons. BaP, Ni, and As dominated the ∑HQ (hazard quotient) in cold seasons, while the non-carcinogenic risk in warm seasons was mainly dominated by Ni, Mn, and As. The ILCR (incremental lifetime cancer risk) values associated with Cr and As were higher in the cold season, while ILCR-Ni values were higher in the warm season. The backward trajectory was calculated to identify the potential directions of air mass at TI. Through the diagnostic ratios of organic and inorganic tracers, the sources of particulate matter in different directions were judged. It was found that ship emissions and sea salt were the main sources from marine directions, while coal combustion, vehicles emissions, industrial process, and secondary aerosols were the main source categories for inland directions. In addition, potential HM and PAH risks from inland and marine directions were explored. The non-cancerous effects of TI were mainly affected by inland transport, especially from the southeast, northwest, and west-northwest. The cancerous effects of TI were mainly simultaneously affected by the inland direction and marine direction of transport.
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Sun Y, Gu Y, Li X, Singh RP. Synthesis of novel thiol-modified lysozyme coated magnetic nanoparticles for the high selective adsorption of Hg(II). REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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7
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Study on the Comprehensive Improvement of Ecosystem Services in a China’s Bay City for Spatial Optimization. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13152072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ecosystem services are characterized by region and scale, and contribute to human welfare. Taking Yantai city, a typical bay city in China, as the example, its three representative ecosystem services: food supply (FS), carbon sequestration (CS) and water yield (WY) were chosen as study targets. Based on analyzation of six different aspects of the supply and variation characteristic of demand, this study tried to propose advices for comprehensive improvement of ecosystem services for spatial optimization. The results showed that: (1) ecosystem services supply was strong in central and southern areas of Yantai, while the northern coastal areas were relatively weak; (2) synergistic relationships were found of FS-CS, FS-WY and CS-WY both in 2009 and 2015, with the strongest one for FS-WY. Additionally, in the synergistic relationships, each pair of ecosystem services was dominated by one ecosystem service; (3) most of the three pairs of synergistic relationships had the tendency to strengthen with larger scales; (4) four ecosystem demands changing areas were observed and comprehensive improvement suggestions for them were proposed. This work provides a new attempt to improve ecosystem services based on its supply-demand relationship, which will give a baseline reference for related studies in Yantai city, as well as other similar bay cities.
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8
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The Research Progress of the Influence of Agricultural Activities on Atmospheric Environment in Recent Ten Years: A Review. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12050635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the industrial emission of air pollution has been reduced via a series of measures. However, with the rapid development of modern agriculture, air pollution caused by agricultural activities is becoming more and more serious. Agricultural activities can generate a large amount of air pollutants, such as ammonia, methane, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and persistent organic pollutants, the sources of which mainly include farmland fertilization, livestock breeding, pesticide use, agricultural residue burning, agricultural machinery, and agricultural irrigation. Greenhouse gases emitted by agricultural activities can affect regional climate change, while atmospheric particulates and persistent organic pollutants can even seriously harm the health of surrounding residents. With the increasing threat of agricultural air pollution, more and more relevant studies have been carried out, as well as some recommendations for reducing emissions. The emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases can be significantly reduced by adopting reasonable fertilization methods, scientific soil management, and advanced manure treatment systems. Regarding pesticide use and agricultural residues burning, emission reduction are more dependent on the restriction and support of government regulations, such as banning certain pesticides, prohibiting open burning of straw, and supporting the recycling and reuse of residues. This review, summarizing the relevant research in the past decade, discusses the current situation, health effects, and emission reduction measures of agricultural air pollutants from different sources, in order to provide some help for follow-up research.
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Zong Z, Tan Y, Wang X, Tian C, Li J, Fang Y, Chen Y, Cui S, Zhang G. Dual-modelling-based source apportionment of NO x in five Chinese megacities: Providing the isotopic footprint from 2013 to 2014. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105592. [PMID: 32106050 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In China, nitrate (NO3-) becomes the main contributor to fine particles (PM2.5) because the emissions of its precursor, nitrogen oxides (NOx), were not recognized and controlled well in recent years. In this work, sources, conversion, and geographical origin of NOx were interpreted combining the isotopic information (δ15N and δ18O) of NO3- and dual modelling at five Chinese megacities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan and Chengdu) during 2013-2014. Results showed that the δ15N-NO3- values (n = 512) ranged from -12.3‰ to +22.9‰, and the average δ18O-NO3- value was +83.4‰ ± 17.2‰. The isotopic compositions both had a rising tendency as ambient temperature dropped, attributing largely to the source changes. Bayesian model indicated the percentage for the OH pathway of NOx conversion had a clear seasonal variation with a higher value during summer (58.0% ± 9.82%) and a lower value during winter (11.1% ± 3.99%); it was also significantly correlated with latitude (p < 0.01). Coal combustion was the most important source of NOx (31.1%-41.0%), which was geographically derived from North China and other south-central developed regions implied by Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF). Apart from Chengdu, mobile sources was the second largest contributor to NOx. This source was extensive but uniformly distributed all around the typical urban agglomerations of China. Biomass burning and microbial processes shared similar source areas, mostly originating from the North China Plain and Sichuan Basin. Based on the NOx features, we infer that residential coal combustion was the primary source of heavy PM2.5 pollution in Chinese megacities. Controlling the source categories of these regional priorities would help mitigate atmospheric pollution in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chongguo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yunting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Song Cui
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Wen L, Chen T, Zheng P, Wu L, Wang X, Mellouki A, Xue L, Wang W. Nitrous acid in marine boundary layer over eastern Bohai Sea, China: Characteristics, sources, and implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:282-291. [PMID: 30904642 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) serves as a key source of hydroxyl radicals and plays important roles in atmospheric photochemistry. In this study, gaseous HONO and related species and parameters were measured in autumn of 2016 at a marine background site on Tuoji Island in eastern Bohai Sea, China. The HONO concentration in marine boundary layer (MBL) was on average 0.20 ± 0.20 ppbv (average ± standard deviation) with a maximum hourly value of 1.38 ppbv. It exhibited distinct diurnal variations featuring with elevated concentrations in the late night and frequent concentration peaks in the early afternoon. During nighttime, the HONO was produced at a fast rate with the NO2-HONO conversion rate ranging from 0.006 to 0.036 h-1. The fast HONO production and the strong dependence of temperature implied the enhancement of nocturnal HONO formation caused by air-sea interactions at high temperature. At daytime, HONO concentration peaks were frequently observed between 13:00-15:00. The observed daytime HONO concentrations were substantially higher than those predicted in the photostationary state in conditions of intensive solar radiation and high temperature. Strong or good correlations between the missing HONO production rate and temperature or photolysis frequency suggest a potential source of HONO from the photochemical conversions of nitrogen-containing compounds in sea microlayer. The source intensity strengthened quickly when the temperature was high. The abnormally high concentrations of daytime HONO contributed a considerable fraction to the primary OH radicals in the MBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tianshu Chen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Penggang Zheng
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; ICARE-CNRS/OSUC, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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11
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Lin G, Wang S, Zhang L, Hu T, Cheng S, Fu L, Xiong C. Enhanced and selective adsorption of Hg 2+ to a trace level using trithiocyanuric acid-functionalized corn bract. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:938-946. [PMID: 30469288 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel trithiocyanuric acid-modified corn bract (TCA-CCB) was prepared, and its removal properties for Hg2+ were investigated. TCA-CCB showed a remarkable absorbability for Hg2+ in mixed ion solutions. Adsorption kinetics experiments indicated that the removal of Hg2+ on TCA-CCB was quick, with a removal rate of 99.07% within 5 min. In addition, the removal rate of Hg2+ exceeded 98% over all pH conditions. The adsorption process can be best described by pseudo-second-order kinetic and Hill isotherm models. The saturated adsorption capacity of TCA-CCB for Hg2+ was 390 mg/g. The TCA-CCB could efficiently adsorb Hg2+ from the simulated wastewater and reduce the Hg2+ concentration from 10 ppm to 12.35 ppb, which was lower than the greatest allowable value of 50 ppb and satisfied the emission standards required by the Chinese government. Moreover, the removal rate of Hg2+ was beyond 99% after three cycles. The results of the zeta potential and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) implied that the chelation and ion exchange between amino/thiol groups and Hg2+ played a significant role in the improvement of the adsorption properties. The corn bract modified by trithiocyanuric acid exhibits apparent advantages in the removal of Hg2+ from ppm to ppb due to its high selectivity, adsorption capacity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, PR China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, PR China
| | - Shixing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, PR China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, PR China.
| | - Libo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, PR China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, PR China.
| | - Tu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, PR China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, PR China
| | - Song Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, PR China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, PR China
| | - Likang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, PR China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, PR China
| | - Chao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, PR China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, PR China
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Zong Z, Tan Y, Wang X, Tian C, Fang Y, Chen Y, Fang Y, Han G, Li J, Zhang G. Assessment and quantification of NO x sources at a regional background site in North China: Comparative results from a Bayesian isotopic mixing model and a positive matrix factorization model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1379-1386. [PMID: 30138830 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Regional sources of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in North China during summer were explored using both a Bayesian isotopic mixing model and a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. Results showed that the nitrogen isotope (δ15N) composition of particulate nitrate (NO3-) varied between -8.9‰ and +14.1‰, while the oxygen isotope (δ18O) composition ranged from +57.4‰ to +93.8‰. Based on results from the Bayesian isotopic mixing model, the contribution of the hydroxyl radical (•OH) NOx conversion pathway showed clear diurnal fluctuation; values were higher during the day (0.53 ± 0.16) and lower overnight (0.42 ± 0.17). Values peaked at 06:00-12:00 and then decreased gradually until 00:00-06:00 the next day. Coal combustion (31.34 ± 9.04%) was the most significant source of NOx followed by biomass burning (25.74 ± 2.58%), mobile sources (23.83 ± 3.66%), and microbial processes (19.09 ± 5.21%). PMF results indicated that the contribution from mobile sources was 19.83%, slightly lower as compared to the Bayesian model (23.83%). The PMF model also reported a lower contribution from coal combustion (28.65%) as compared to the Bayesian model (31.34%); however, the sum of biomass burning and microbial processes in the Bayesian model (44.83%) was lower than the aggregate of secondary inorganic aerosol, sea salt, and soil dust in PMF model (51.52%). Overall, differences between the two models were minor, suggesting that this study provided a reasonable source quantification for NOx in North China during summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chongguo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Yunting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110164, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cities' Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Shanghai (CMA), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Cities' Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Shanghai (CMA), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guangxuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Liu W, Xu Y, Liu W, Liu Q, Yu S, Liu Y, Wang X, Tao S. Oxidative potential of ambient PM 2.5 in the coastal cities of the Bohai Sea, northern China: Seasonal variation and source apportionment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:514-528. [PMID: 29428706 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Emissions of air pollutants from primary and secondary sources in China are considerably higher than those in developed countries, and exposure to air pollution is main risk of public health. Identifying specific particulate matter (PM) compositions and sources are essential for policy makers to propose effective control measures for pollutant emissions. Ambient PM2.5 samples covered a whole year were collected from three coastal cities of the Bohai Sea. Oxidative potential (OP) was selected as the indicator to characterize associated PM compositions and sources most responsible for adverse impacts on human health. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and multiple linear regression (MLR) were employed to estimate correlations of PM2.5 sources with OP. The volume- and mass-based dithiothreitol (DTTv and DTTm) activities of PM2.5 were significantly higher in local winter or autumn (p < 0.01). Spatial and seasonal variations in DTTv and DTTm were much larger than mass concentrations of PM2.5, indicated specific chemical components are responsible for PM2.5 derived OP. Strong correlations (r > 0.700, p < 0.01) were found between DTT activity and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and some transition metals. Using PMF, source fractions of PM2.5 were resolved as secondary source, traffic source, biomass burning, sea spray and urban dust, industry, coal combustion, and mineral dust. Further quantified by MLR, coal combustion, biomass burning, secondary sources, industry, and traffic source were dominant contributors to the water-soluble DTTv activity. Our results also suggested large differences in seasonal contributions of different sources to DTTv variability. A higher contribution of DTTv was derived from coal combustion during the local heating period. Secondary sources exhibited a greater fraction of DTTv in summer, when there was stronger solar radiation. Traffic sources exhibited a prevailing contribution in summer, and industry contributed larger proportions in spring and winter. Future abatement priority of air pollution should reduce the sources contributing to OP of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiJian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - YunSong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - WenXin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - QingYang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - ShuangYu Yu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Wang X, Zong Z, Tian C, Chen Y, Luo C, Tang J, Li J, Zhang G. Assessing on toxic potency of PM 2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at a national atmospheric background site in North China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:330-338. [PMID: 28854389 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A total of 76PM2.5 samples collected at Tuoji Island from November 2011 to January 2013 were used to analyze 15 congeners of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑15PAHs) and assess their toxic potency. The average ∑15PAHs was 15.34±8.87ngm-3, ranging from 4.24 to 40.62ngm-3 over the sampling period. BkF, BbF, Phe and BaP were dominant PAH congeners, contributing together 60.64% of the ∑15PAH concentration. The highest monthly ∑15PAHs concentration was in January 2012, followed by the next January, which was closely four times greater than the lowest level occurred in July 2012. Wheat straw burning was responsible for the high PAH concentrations in June 2012. The averaged BaP toxicity equivalent (TEQ-BaP) concentration was 2.70±1.88ngm-3 over the sampling period. BaP and DaA were the largest contributors, which contributed 58.5% and 14.7% of totals, respectively. The high TEQ-BaP and TEQ-BaP value per unit of ∑15PAHs concentration (TEQ-BaP(U)) values occurred in the cold season and the low levels presented in the warm period. The heaviest monthly TEQ-BaP was 5.28±2.84ngm-3, which appeared in January 2012; the lowest value was 0.86±0.33ngm-3, which occurred in July 2012. The potential source contribution function (PSCF) showed the occurrence of the high health risk associated with PAHs in the middle of Liaoning and the south of Shandong Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zheng Zong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Chongguo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cities' Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Shanghai (CMA), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chunling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianhui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Wang X, Zong Z, Tian C, Chen Y, Luo C, Li J, Zhang G, Luo Y. Combining Positive Matrix Factorization and Radiocarbon Measurements for Source Apportionment of PM 2.5 from a National Background Site in North China. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10648. [PMID: 28878221 PMCID: PMC5587569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the utility of combining positive matrix factorization (PMF) with radiocarbon (14C) measurements for source apportionment, we applied PM2.5 data collected for 14 months at a national background station in North China to PMF models. The solutions were compared to 14C results of four seasonally averaged samples and three outlier samples. Comparing the most readily interpretable PMF solutions and 14C results revealed that PMF modeling was well able to capture the source patterns of PM2.5 with two and three irrelevant source classifications for the seasonal and outlier samples. The contribution of sources that could not be classified as either fossil or non-fossil sources in the PMF solution, and the errors between the modeled and measured concentrations weakened the effectiveness of the comparison. Based on these two factors, we developed an index for selecting the most suitable 14C measurement samples for combining with the PMF model. Then we examined the potential for coupling PMF modeling and 14C data with a constrained PMF run using the 14C data as a priori information. The restricted run could provide a more reliable solution; however, the PMF model must provide a flexible dialog to input the priori restrictions for executing the constraint simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Zheng Zong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Chongguo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cities' Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Shanghai (CMA), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chunling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
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16
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Luo T, Tian X, Yang C, Luo W, Nie Y, Wang Y. Polyethylenimine-Functionalized Corn Bract, an Agricultural Waste Material, for Efficient Removal and Recovery of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7153-7158. [PMID: 28753005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polyethylenimine-functionalized corn bract (PEI-CB) was first used to remove aqueous Cr(VI) via the "waste control by waste" concept. The results indicated that PEI-CB had an excellent performance for Cr(VI) removal and the maximum removal capacity was 438 mg/g. The adsorption of Cr(VI) was fitted to the Langmuir model, and kinetics of uptake could be described by a pseudo-second-order rate model well. Amine was proven to be the active center for Cr(VI) adsorption and partial reduction to Cr(III), while removal efficiency was enhanced at a lower pH value and higher temperature. Besides, nanosized Cr2O3 with a high purity was obtained by simple calcination of a Cr(VI)-laden adsorbent. Hence, this study provided a novel strategy for Cr(VI) wastewater remediation and pure Cr2O3 recovery. Prepared PEI-CB was then a promising alternative of low cost for replacement of the current expensive absorbent of removing Cr(VI) from wastewater from the view of sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Luo
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry and ‡School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xike Tian
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry and ‡School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry and ‡School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Luo
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry and ‡School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulun Nie
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry and ‡School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry and ‡School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
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17
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Yu J, Zhang H. Source apportionment of sediment organic material in a semi-enclosed sea using Bayesian isotopic mixing model. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 119:365-371. [PMID: 28457556 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To determine sources of organic material in semi-enclosed Bohai Sea, samples of marine surface sediments, suspended particulates in adjacent rivers and atmospheric deposition were collected and analyzed for grain size composition, total organic carbon(TOC and POC), total nitrogen (TN and PN), and stable isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N). Measured bulk C/N ratio (5.50-12.28), δ13C (-23.59~-19.54‰), and δ15N (2.80-8.07‰) values of surface sediment organic materials indicated a mixed source of marine and terrestrial contributions. Spatial distribution of organic C, N and their stable isotope composition indicated a land-sea gradient of organic material content and source combination. Using MixMIR model with dual isotopes, it was estimated that relative contributions of marine, riverine, and atmospheric sources to sediment mixture were 69.0%, 9.6%, and 21.4%, respectively. Our results demonstrated the advantage of Bayesian isotope mixing models over the conventional end-member mixing models for source apportionment in coastal seas with complex source origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003,China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003,China.
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18
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Zong Z, Wang X, Tian C, Chen Y, Fang Y, Zhang F, Li C, Sun J, Li J, Zhang G. First Assessment of NO x Sources at a Regional Background Site in North China Using Isotopic Analysis Linked with Modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5923-5931. [PMID: 28516763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen oxides (NOx, including NO and NO2) play an important role in the formation of atmospheric particles. Thus, NOx emission reduction is critical for improving air quality, especially in severely air-polluted regions (e.g., North China). In this study, the source of NOx was investigated by the isotopic composition (δ15N) of particulate nitrate (p-NO3-) at Beihuangcheng Island (BH), a regional background site in North China. It was found that the δ15N-NO3- (n = 120) values varied between -1.7‰ and +24.0‰ and the δ18O-NO3- values ranged from 49.4‰ to 103.9‰. On the basis of the Bayesian mixing model, 27.78 ± 8.89%, 36.53 ± 6.66%, 22.01 ± 6.92%, and 13.68 ± 3.16% of annual NOx could be attributed to biomass burning, coal combustion, mobile sources, and biogenic soil emissions, respectively. Seasonally, the four sources were similar in spring and fall. Biogenic soil emissions were augmented in summer in association with the hot and rainy weather. Coal combustion increased significantly in winter with other sources showing an obvious decline. This study confirmed that isotope-modeling by δ15N-NO3- is a promising tool for partitioning NOx sources and provides guidance to policymakers with regard to options for NOx reduction in North China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Chongguo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cities' Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Shanghai (CMA), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang, Liaoning 110164, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cities' Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Shanghai (CMA), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Cheng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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Zhang J, Yang L, Mellouki A, Wen L, Yang Y, Gao Y, Jiang P, Li Y, Wang W. Chemical characteristics and influence of continental outflow on PM 1.0, PM 2.5 and PM 10 measured at Tuoji island in the Bohai Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:699-706. [PMID: 27589821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the chemical characteristics and sources of size-segregated particles in the background region, PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected in Tuoji Island (TI) during the winter of 2014. Water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) including Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3- and SO42-, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were analysed. The average mass concentrations of PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 were 44.5μg/m3, 62.0μg/m3 and 94.4μg/m3, respectively, and particles were importantly enriched in PM1.0. Secondary WSIIs (NH4+, NO3- and SO42-) were the most abundant species, and their contribution was highest in PM1.0. The average values of NOR and SOR were more than 0.1 in PM1.0, suggesting that secondary formation of SO42- and NO3- from the gas precursors SO2 and NO2 occurred in PM1.0. Secondary organic carbon accounted for 62.3% in PM1.0, 61.9% in PM1.0-2.5 and 48.9% in PM2.5-10 of OC, formed mainly in the fine mode. The particles concentrations were mainly affected by air mass from the North China Plain, especially the air mass from the southwest of Shandong province, which had low speed and altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lingxiao Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, China.
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; Institut de Combustion, Aerothermique, Reactivité Environnement (ICARE), CNRS/OSUC, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Liang Wen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yumeng Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ying Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Pan Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Nitrogen-doped porous carbon from Camellia oleifera shells with enhanced electrochemical performance. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 61:449-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Zong Z, Chen Y, Tian C, Fang Y, Wang X, Huang G, Zhang F, Li J, Zhang G. Radiocarbon-based impact assessment of open biomass burning on regional carbonaceous aerosols in North China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 518-519:1-7. [PMID: 25747357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Samples of total suspended particulates (TSPs) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were collected from 29th May to 1st July, 2013 at a regional background site in Bohai Rim, North China. Mass concentrations of particulate matter and carbonaceous species showed a total of 50% and 97% of the measured TSP and PM2.5 levels exceeded the first grade national standard of China, respectively. Daily concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were detected 7.3 and 2.5 μg m(-3) in TSP and 5.2 and 2.0 μg m(-3) in PM2.5, which accounted 5.8% and 2.0% of TSP while 5.6% and 2.2% for PM2.5, respectively. The concentrations of OC, EC, TSP and PM2.5 were observed higher in the day time than those in the night time. The observations were associated with the emission variations from anthropogenic activities. Two merged samples representing from south and north source areas were selected for radiocarbon analysis. The radiocarbon measurements showed 74% of water-insoluble OC (WINSOC) and 59% of EC in PM2.5 derived from biomass burning and biogenic sources when the air masses were from south region, and 63% and 48% for the air masses from north, respectively. Combined with backward trajectories and daily burned area, open burning of agricultural wastes was found to be predominating, which was confirmed by the potential source contribution function (PSCF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Chongguo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Yin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Guopei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Plant silicon content in forests of north China and its implications for phytolith carbon sequestration. Ecol Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-014-1228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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