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Hao X, Yi X, Dang Z, Liang Y. Heavy Metal Sources, Contamination and Risk Assessment in Legacy Pb/Zn Mining Tailings Area: Field Soil and Simulated Rainfall. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:636-642. [PMID: 35829735 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated heavy metal(HM) soil pollution and evaluated the risk and sources at a legacy tailings pond's area in Meizhou, China. Result shows that HM accumulation in soil, particularly Cd, Pb, and Zn, were serious. Zn and Cd in tailing soil and all studied elements in field soil had a significant release potential. Four HM sources were identified by positive matrix factorization (PMF) model: cinder and vehicle emissions (11.3%), natural sources (16.3%), tailings pond and human activities (32.8%), tailings pond (39.7%). The soil was severely polluted with Cd, Pb, and Zn, which posed a high potential environmental risk near surrounding area. Column leaching tests showed that large quantities of HMs were released from the tailings soil during simulated rainfall with different pH. This study indicates that the study area has been severely polluted and continues to have a great risk of HM pollution under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Hao
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, South China University of Technology, Panyu District, 510006, Guangzhou, PR China
- POWERCHINA HUADONG Engineering Corporation Limited, 310000, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Yi
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, South China University of Technology, Panyu District, 510006, Guangzhou, PR China.
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, South China University of Technology, Panyu District, 510006, Guangzhou, PR China
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yaya Liang
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, South China University of Technology, Panyu District, 510006, Guangzhou, PR China
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Alsafran M, Usman K, Al Jabri H, Rizwan M. Ecological and Health Risks Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals and Metalloids Contaminants: A Case Study of Agricultural Soils in Qatar. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9020035. [PMID: 33673174 PMCID: PMC7918611 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, Qatar has witnessed exponential growth in the human population, urbanization, and increased anthropogenic activities, including agriculture. Potentially toxic environmental contaminants, including metals and metalloids, are commonly found in emerging economies. At high concentrations, elements such as As, Cr, and Ni can be hazardous and may lead to various health problems in humans, including cancer. The current study measured As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn concentrations in agricultural soils. Pollution levels and potential negative impacts on human and environmental health were determined using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standard methodologies. According to the study’s findings, the studied element concentrations descended in the following order: Zn > Cr > V > Ni > As > Cu > Pb > Cd. Of these, As (27.6 mg/kg), Cr (85.7 mg/kg), Ni (61.9 mg/kg), and Zn (92.3 mg/kg) concentrations were higher than average world background levels. Each of these elements also had an enrichment factor (EF > 1), indicating their anthropogenic origin. The combined pollution load index (PLI > 1) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) range values of −0.2–2.5 further indicated that the soil was up to 58% polluted. However, the ecological risk factor (Er ≤ 40.6) and potential ecological risk index (PERI = 79.6) suggested low ecological risk. A human health risk evaluation showed that only As, with a hazard index (HI) of 1.3, posed a noncarcinogenic risk to infants. Additionally, As, Cr, and Ni, with total carcinogenic risk (TCR) values of 1.18 × 10−4 and 2.06 × 10−4 for adults and children, respectively, proved carcinogenic to both age groups. The elements’ carcinogenic risk (CR) potential descended in the following order: Ni > As > Cr. Additionally, for both adults and children, oral ingestion is the most likely exposure pathway. Our findings support the need for closer monitoring of potentially toxic metals and metalloids levels in cultivated soils and farm produce in Qatar. Reducing the elements’ bioavailability in soil and developing innovative remediation technologies is needed to limit potential risks to human health. Further studies on As, Cr, and Ni gastrointestinal bioaccessibilities are needed to fully understand the effects after long-term exposure and the cancer-causing potential of these elements over a lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alsafran
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Agricultural Research Station, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Kamal Usman
- Office of Academic Research, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence:
| | - Hareb Al Jabri
- Agricultural Research Station, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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Taati A, Salehi MH, Mohammadi J, Mohajer R, Díez S. Pollution assessment and spatial distribution of trace elements in soils of Arak industrial area, Iran: Implications for human health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109577. [PMID: 32438097 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging industrial hubs have resulted in soil and dust pollution by trace elements, being a potential source and pathway for human exposure to nearby cities. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial distribution, levels, sources and health risk assessment of metals and arsenic in soils of Arak industrial area, Iran. A total of 235 topsoil (0-5 cm) samples were collected from the vicinity of Arak, and the concentrations of As, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cu and Cd were 152, 104, 93, 38, 14 and 1.2 mg kg-1, respectively, and exceeded the background values, with the exception of Cu. Values of pollution indexes revealed that most of the soils are especially enriched by As and Cd. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that Pb and Zn originated from common anthropogenic sources related to industrialization and mining, whereas Cu and Ni are probably associated with geological sources. Cd was mainly derived from the input of agricultural and industrial activities, and As should be attributed to residues in mining. Spatial risk maps showed the high risk of trace elements pollution in the order of As (100%) > Cd (62%) > Ni (12%) > Pb (5%) > Zn (4%) > Cu (0%). The results of the noncarcinogenic risk assessment showed that chronic daily intake in children and adults for ingestion pathway was higher than for dermal contact and inhalation. Values of hazard index (HI) for trace elements were below the safe level (HI ≤ 1), indicating that no noncarcinogenic risk threaten children and adults. Likewise, the total carcinogenic risk of Cd in both groups is less than the EPA threshold (1 × 10-6), indicating a low carcinogenic risk, however As (1 × 10-6 to 1 × 10-4) indicates an acceptable risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Taati
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Salehi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Jahangard Mohammadi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza Mohajer
- Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sergi Díez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Stewart AG. Mining is bad for health: a voyage of discovery. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:1153-1165. [PMID: 31289975 PMCID: PMC7225204 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mining continues to be a dangerous activity, whether large-scale industrial mining or small-scale artisanal mining. Not only are there accidents, but exposure to dust and toxins, along with stress from the working environment or managerial pressures, give rise to a range of diseases that affect miners. I look at mining and health from various personal perspectives: that of the ordinary man (much of life depends on mined elements in the house, car and phone); as a member of the Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health (environmental contamination and degradation leads to ill health in nearby communities); as a public health doctor (mining health is affected by many factors, usually acting in a mix, ranging from individual inheritance-genetic makeup, sex, age; personal choices-diet, lifestyle; living conditions-employment, war; social support-family, local community; environmental conditions-education, work; to national and international constraints-trade, economy, natural world); as a volunteer (mining health costs are not restricted to miners or industry but borne by everyone who partakes of mining benefits-all of us); and as a lay preacher (the current global economy concentrates on profit at the expense of the health of miners). Partnership working by academics with communities, government and industry should develop evidence-based solutions. Employment, health, economic stability and environmental protection need not be mutually exclusive. We all need to act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Stewart
- College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK.
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Zheng N, Yu Y, Hou S, Xu S, Tang L, Ji X. Contamination assessment and health risk of arsenic exposure to stairway dust in the zinc smelting district, Northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:729-736. [PMID: 30218256 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stairway dust samples were collected from residential communities in Huludao city to investigate population health risk of arsenic (As) exposure through stairway dust. ArcGIS software was used to analyze As spatial distribution in Huludao city. Hazard index was applied to assess health risk due to exposure to As in stairway dust. The results were that As concentrations ranged from 13.26 to 237.58 mg kg-1, and the mean value was 59.64 mg kg-1, which was seven times as high as the background value of Liaoning Province. The pattern of spatial distribution was concentric rings as the center of Huludao zinc plant, with the extension to the northeast and southwest. The average value of Igeo was 2.176, which fell into moderately polluted level. For non-carcinogenic risk, the hazard indexes were less than 1, indicating that there was almost no health risk for residents exposed to stairway dust. But population risk exposure to dust would increase rapidly with exposure time in stairway. The highest contribution to the overall figure of non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk appeared to be ingestion of substrate particles followed by inhalation pathway and dermal absorption of As in dust samples. And for carcinogenic risk, the risk values were lower than the threshold range of EPA's safe limits (1 × 10-6 and 1 × 10-4), suggesting that potential cancer risk of As due to exposure to stairway dust can be acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin, China.
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4888 Shengbei Street, Changchun City, 130102, Jilin, China.
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4888 Shengbei Street, Changchun City, 130102, Jilin, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sujuan Xu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4888 Shengbei Street, Changchun City, 130102, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4888 Shengbei Street, Changchun City, 130102, Jilin, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ji
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4888 Shengbei Street, Changchun City, 130102, Jilin, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lehmler HJ, Gadogbe M, Liu B, Bao W. Environmental tin exposure in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults and children: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 240:599-606. [PMID: 29763863 PMCID: PMC6082152 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tin is a naturally occurring heavy metal that occurs in the environment in both inorganic and organic forms. Human exposure to tin is almost ubiquitous; however, surprisingly little is known about factors affecting environmental tin exposure in humans. This study analyzed demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with total urinary tin levels in adults (N = 3522) and children (N = 1641) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014, a nationally representative health survey in the United States. Urinary tin levels, a commonly used biomarker of environmental tin exposure, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Detection frequencies of tin were 87.05% in adults and 91.29% in children. Median and geometric mean levels of urinary tin in the adult population were 0.42 μg/L and 0.49 μg/L, respectively. For children, median and geometric mean levels of urinary tin were 0.60 μg/L and 0.66 μg/L, respectively. Age was identified as an important factor associated with urinary tin levels. Median tin levels in the ≥60 year age group were almost 2-fold higher than the 20-39 year age group. Tin levels in children were 2-fold higher than in adolescents. Race/ethnicity and household income were associated with tin levels in both adults and children. In addition, physical activity was inversely associated with urinary tin levels in adults. These results demonstrate that total tin exposures vary across different segments of the general U.S. POPULATION Because the present study does not distinguish between organic and inorganic forms of tin, further studies are needed to better characterize modifiable factors associated with exposures to specific tin compounds, with the goal of reducing the overall exposure of the U.S. POPULATION
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Manuel Gadogbe
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Buyun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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Nemery B, Banza Lubaba Nkulu C. Assessing exposure to metals using biomonitoring: Achievements and challenges experienced through surveys in low- and middle-income countries. Toxicol Lett 2018; 298:13-18. [PMID: 29894842 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this narrative account based on a keynote presentation on exposure biomonitoring of metals in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), we first briefly address practical issues that have arisen from our experience during the conduct of various surveys in LMIC. These have included the statistical handling of multiple pollutants in the same subject, the problem of correctly adjusting for urinary flow in spot samples of urine, and the possible external contamination of samples when doing field surveys in challenging environments. We then review and present selected results from surveys conducted in the mining area of Katanga in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo), where we documented high urinary levels of cobalt and other trace metals (arsenic, uranium) in people living close (<3 km) to mining or smelting operations (Banza et al., 2009). Consumption of contaminated foodstuffs (maize, legumes, fish) and, especially among children, dust ingestion proved to be the main sources of exposure to cobalt (Cheyns et al., 2014). Urinary biomonitoring studies among artisanal workers involved in mining cobalt, craftsmen working malachite, and workers processing gold ore revealed high to extremely high values of cobalt (largely exceeding the Biological Exposure Index of 15 μg/L), as well as other trace metals such as uranium, manganese, lead or mercury, depending on the type of jobs. This abundant biomonitoring data has been valuable to argue for improved enforcement of legislation to protect workers and citizens against the hazards posed by the mining activities in the area. Epidemiological studies have been undertaken and are ongoing to assess the human health impact of this pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Nemery
- Center for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 (706), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Célestin Banza Lubaba Nkulu
- Unit of Toxicology and Environment, School of Public Health, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
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Mesías Monsalve S, Martínez L, Yohannessen Vásquez K, Alvarado Orellana S, Klarián Vergara J, Martín Mateo M, Costilla Salazar R, Fuentes Alburquenque M, Cáceres Lillo DD. Trace element contents in fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in urban school microenvironments near a contaminated beach with mine tailings, Chañaral, Chile. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:1077-1091. [PMID: 28536962 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9980-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Air quality in schools is an important public health issue because children spend a considerable part of their daily life in classrooms. Particulate size and chemical composition has been associated with negative health effects. We studied levels of trace element concentrations in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in indoor versus outdoor school settings from six schools in Chañaral, a coastal city with a beach severely polluted with mine tailings. Concentrations of trace elements were measured on two consecutive days during the summer and winter of 2012 and 2013 and determined using X-ray fluorescence. Source apportionment and element enrichment were measured using principal components analysis and enrichment factors. Trace elements were higher in indoor school spaces, especially in classrooms compared with outdoor environments. The most abundant elements were Na, Cl, S, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Ti, and Si, associated with earth's crust. Conversely, an extremely high enrichment factor was determined for Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr; heavy metals associated with systemic and carcinogenic risk effects, whose probably origin sources are industrial and mining activities. These results suggest that the main source of trace elements in PM2.5 from these school microenvironments is a mixture of dust contaminated with mine tailings and marine aerosols. Policymakers should prioritize environmental management changes to minimize further environmental damage and its direct impact on the health of children exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Mesías Monsalve
- Programa de Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Martínez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karla Yohannessen Vásquez
- Programa de Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Alvarado Orellana
- Programa de Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
- Grups de Recerca d'América i Africa Llatines GRAAL, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - José Klarián Vergara
- Departamento de Prevención de Riesgos y Medioambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Martín Mateo
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, de la Salud y la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Grups de Recerca d'América i Africa Llatines GRAAL, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rogelio Costilla Salazar
- División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Dante D Cáceres Lillo
- Programa de Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
- Grups de Recerca d'América i Africa Llatines GRAAL, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
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How Have Political Incentives for Local Officials Reduced Environmental Pollution in Resource-Depleted Cities? SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Fulk F, Succop P, Hilbert TJ, Beidler C, Brown D, Reponen T, Haynes EN. Pathways of inhalation exposure to manganese in children living near a ferromanganese refinery: A structural equation modeling approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:768-775. [PMID: 27865527 PMCID: PMC7315255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is both essential element and neurotoxicant. Exposure to Mn can occur from various sources and routes. Structural equation modeling was used to examine routes of exposure to Mn among children residing near a ferromanganese refinery in Marietta, Ohio. An inhalation pathway model to ambient air Mn was hypothesized. Data for model evaluation were obtained from participants in the Communities Actively Researching Exposure Study (CARES). These data were collected in 2009 and included levels of Mn in residential soil and dust, levels of Mn in children's hair, information on the amount of time the child spent outside, heat and air conditioning in the home and level of parent education. Hair Mn concentration was the primary endogenous variable used to assess the theoretical inhalation exposure pathways. The model indicated that household dust Mn was a significant contributor to child hair Mn (0.37). Annual ambient air Mn concentration (0.26), time children spent outside (0.24) and soil Mn (0.24) significantly contributed to the amount of Mn in household dust. These results provide a potential framework for understanding the inhalation exposure pathway for children exposed to ambient air Mn who live in proximity to an industrial emission source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Fulk
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, United States
| | - Paul Succop
- College of Medicine, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, United States
| | - Timothy J Hilbert
- College of Medicine, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, United States
| | | | - David Brown
- Marietta College, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, United States
| | - Tiina Reponen
- College of Medicine, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, United States
| | - Erin N Haynes
- College of Medicine, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, United States.
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Goix S, Uzu G, Oliva P, Barraza F, Calas A, Castet S, Point D, Masbou J, Duprey JL, Huayta C, Chincheros J, Gardon J. Metal concentration and bioaccessibility in different particle sizes of dust and aerosols to refine metal exposure assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 317:552-562. [PMID: 27344256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Refined exposure assessments were realized for children, 7-9yrs, in the mining/smelting city of Oruro, Bolivia. Aerosols (PM>2.5, PM1-2.5, PM0.4-1 and PM0.5) and dust (separated in different particle size fractions: 2000-200μm, 200-50μm, 50-20μm, 20-2μm and <2μm) were sampled on football fields highly frequented by children in both the mining and smelting areas. Trace element concentrations (Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, Sn and Zn) in each size fraction of dust and aerosols, lung bioaccessibility of metals in aerosols, and gastric bioaccessibility of metals in dust were measured. Exposure was assessed considering actual external exposure (i.e. exposure pathways: metals inhaled and ingested) and simulated internal exposure (i.e., complex estimation using gastric and lung bioaccessibility, deposition and clearance of particles in lungs). Significant differences between external and simulated internal exposure were attributed to dissemblances in gastric and lung bioaccessibilities, as well as metal distribution within particle size range, revealing the importance of both parameters in exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvaine Goix
- GET, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, Centre de Vie La Fossette, RD 268, F-13270 Fos-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Gaëlle Uzu
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LTHE, F-38000 Grenoble, France; IRD, LTHE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Priscia Oliva
- GET, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Fiorella Barraza
- GET, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Aude Calas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LTHE, F-38000 Grenoble, France; IRD, LTHE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Castet
- GET, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - David Point
- GET, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Jeremy Masbou
- GET, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Jacques Gardon
- IRD-LCA-UMSA, CP 9214 Obrajes, La Paz, Bolivia; IRD-Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Montpellier, France
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McEwen AR, Hsu-Kim H, Robins NA, Hagan NA, Halabi S, Barras O, Richter DD, Vandenberg JJ. Residential metal contamination and potential health risks of exposure in adobe brick houses in Potosí, Bolivia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:237-246. [PMID: 27100004 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Potosí, Bolivia, is the site of centuries of historic and present-day mining of the Cerro Rico, a mountain known for its rich polymetallic deposits, and was the site of large-scale Colonial era silver refining operations. In this study, the concentrations of several metal and metalloid elements were quantified in adobe brick, dirt floor, and surface dust samples from 49 houses in Potosí. Median concentrations of total mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) were significantly greater than concentrations measured in Sucre, Bolivia, a non-mining town, and exceeded US-based soil screening levels. Adobe brick samples were further analyzed for bioaccessible concentrations of trace elements using a simulated gastric fluid (GF) extraction. Median GF extractable concentrations of Hg, As, and Pb were 0.085, 13.9, and 32.2% of the total element concentration, respectively. Total and GF extractable concentrations of Hg, As, and Pb were used to estimate exposure and potential health risks to children following incidental ingestion of adobe brick particles. Risks were assessed using a range of potential ingestion rates (50-1000mg/day). Overall, the results of the risk assessment show that the majority of households sampled contained concentrations of bioaccessible Pb and As, but not Hg, that represent a potential health risk. Even at the lowest ingestion rate considered, the majority of households exceeded the risk threshold for Pb, indicating that the concentrations of this metal are of particular concern. To our knowledge, this is the first study to quantify key trace elements in building materials in adobe brick houses and the results indicate that these houses are a potential source of exposure to metals and metalloids in South American mining communities. Additional studies are needed to fully characterize personal exposure and to understand potential adverse health outcomes within the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R McEwen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, LSRC, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Heileen Hsu-Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Robins
- Department of History, North Carolina State University, 467 Withers Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Nicole A Hagan
- Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Susan Halabi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Box 2717, Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | | | - Daniel deB Richter
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, LSRC, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - John J Vandenberg
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Lin Y, Fang F, Wang F, Xu M. Pollution distribution and health risk assessment of heavy metals in indoor dust in Anhui rural, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:565. [PMID: 26260049 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, V, Ni, Co, and As concentrations of indoor dust in Anhui rural were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The degrees of metal pollution in indoor dust ranked as follows: Zn > Pb > Cr > Cu > V > Ni > Co > As, on average. The arithmetic means of Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, V, Ni, Co, and As were 427.17, 348.73, 107.05, 113.68, 52.64, 38.93, 10.29, and 4.46 mg/kg, respectively. These were higher than background values of Anhui soil for Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Ni, especially for Pb with the mean value of 13.21 times the background value. Heavy metal concentrations of indoor dust were different from different rural areas. House type (bungalows or storied house), sweeping frequency, and external environment around the house (such as the road grade) affected heavy metal concentrations in indoor dust. The results of factor analysis and correlation analysis indicated that Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Co concentrations were mainly due to interior paint, metal objects, and building materials. Pb and As concentrations were due to vehicle emissions. V concentration was mainly of natural source. Average daily doses for the exposure pathway of the studied heavy metals decreased in children in the following order: hand-to-mouth ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. The non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals ranked as Pb > V > Cr > Cu > Zn > As > Co > Ni, and the carcinogenic risks of metals decreased in the order of Cr > Co > As > Ni. The non-carcinogenic hazard indexes and carcinogenic risks of metals in indoor dust were both lower than the safe values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesheng Lin
- College of Live Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
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Barbieri FL, Gardon J, Ruiz-Castell M, Paco V. P, Muckelbauer R, Casiot C, Freydier R, Duprey JL, Chen CM, Müller-Nordhorn J, Keil T. Toxic trace elements in maternal and cord blood and social determinants in a Bolivian mining city. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2015; 26:158-74. [PMID: 26179629 PMCID: PMC4733940 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2015.1061114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed lead, arsenic, and antimony in maternal and cord blood, and associations between maternal concentrations and social determinants in the Bolivian mining city of Oruro using the baseline assessment of the ToxBol/Mine-Niño birth cohort. We recruited 467 pregnant women, collecting venous blood and sociodemographic information as well as placental cord blood at birth. Metallic/semimetallic trace elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Lead medians in maternal and cord blood were significantly correlated (Spearman coefficient = 0.59; p < 0.001; 19.35 and 13.50 μg/L, respectively). Arsenic concentrations were above detection limit (3.30 μg/L) in 17.9% of maternal and 34.6% of cord blood samples. They were not associated (Fischer's p = 0.72). Antimony medians in maternal and cord blood were weakly correlated (Spearman coefficient = 0.15; p < 0.03; 9.00 and 8.62 μg/L, respectively). Higher concentrations of toxic elements in maternal blood were associated with maternal smoking, low educational level, and partner involved in mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia L. Barbieri
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), La Paz, Bolivia
- Servicios de Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud (SELADIS), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
- Berlin School of Public Health (BSPH), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacques Gardon
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), La Paz, Bolivia
- Servicios de Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud (SELADIS), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
- Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Maison des Sciences de l’eau, Montpellier, France
| | - María Ruiz-Castell
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), La Paz, Bolivia
- Servicios de Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud (SELADIS), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Pamela Paco V.
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), La Paz, Bolivia
- Servicios de Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud (SELADIS), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Rebecca Muckelbauer
- Berlin School of Public Health (BSPH), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinne Casiot
- Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Maison des Sciences de l’eau, Montpellier, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maison des Sciences de l’eau, Montpellier, France
| | - Rémi Freydier
- Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Maison des Sciences de l’eau, Montpellier, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maison des Sciences de l’eau, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Duprey
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), La Paz, Bolivia
- Laboratorio de Calidad Ambiental (LCA), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Instituto de Ecología, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Chih-Mei Chen
- Berlin School of Public Health (BSPH), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Sánchez de la Campa AM, Sánchez-Rodas D, González Castanedo Y, de la Rosa JD. Geochemical anomalies of toxic elements and arsenic speciation in airborne particles from Cu mining and smelting activities: influence on air quality. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 291:18-27. [PMID: 25748998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A characterization of chemical composition and source contribution of PM10 in three representative environments of southwest Spain related to mining activities (mineral extraction, mining waste and Cu-smelting) has been performed. A study of geochemical anomalies was conducted in the samples collected at the three stations between July 2012 and October 2013. The influence of Cu-smelting processes was compared to other mining activities, where common tracers were identified. The Cu and As concentrations in the study area are higher than in other rural and urban stations of Spain, in which geochemical anomalies of As, Se, Bi, Cd, and Pb have been reported. The results of source contribution showed similar geochemical signatures in the industrial and mining factors. However, the contribution to PM10 is different according to the type of industrial activity. These results have been confirmed performing an arsenic speciation analysis of the PM10 samples, in which the mean extraction efficiency of arsenic depended on the origin of the samples. These finding indicate that the atmospheric particulate matter emitted from Cu-smelting has a high residence time in the atmosphere. This indicates that the Cu-smelter can impact areas of high ecological interest and considered as clean air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Sánchez de la Campa
- Associate Unit CSIC - University of Huelva "Atmospheric Pollution", Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry - CIQSO, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Department of Geology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Rodas
- Associate Unit CSIC - University of Huelva "Atmospheric Pollution", Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry - CIQSO, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Department of Chemistry and Science of Materials, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Yolanda González Castanedo
- Associate Unit CSIC - University of Huelva "Atmospheric Pollution", Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry - CIQSO, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Department of Geology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Jesús D de la Rosa
- Associate Unit CSIC - University of Huelva "Atmospheric Pollution", Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry - CIQSO, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Department of Geology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CEIA3, Spain; Campus of International Excellence of the Sea CEIMAR, Spain
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Yang Q, Chen H, Li B. Source identification and health risk assessment of metals in indoor dust in the vicinity of phosphorus mining, Guizhou Province, China. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 68:20-30. [PMID: 25038721 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An investigation was performed to identify the sources of arsenic (As) and heavy metals in house dust and to assess the associated human health risks in the vicinity of phosphorus (P) mining in Guizhou, China. The concentrations and spatial distributions of mercury (Hg), As, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and P in 23 house dust samples from the study area were determined. Greater concentrations of As and Pb were found compared with values in other investigations in various countries. Pollution sources were identified using multivariate statistical analysis. As, Pb, Mn, and Hg pollution was mainly attributed to mining activities, and Mn and Cd levels were largely associated with automobile emissions. The dominant wind direction and the distance of the residence from the mining region were found to play an important role in element distributions. A health risk assessment showed that As and Pb should be paid more attention, although the noncancer risks of the studied elements were within the safe range and the cancer risks of As and Cd are within the acceptable range under present conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- College of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Torres-Jardón R, Kulesza RJ, Park SB, D'Angiulli A. Air pollution and detrimental effects on children's brain. The need for a multidisciplinary approach to the issue complexity and challenges. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:613. [PMID: 25161617 PMCID: PMC4129915 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of children in polluted cities are showing brain detrimental effects. Urban children exhibit brain structural and volumetric abnormalities, systemic inflammation, olfactory, auditory, vestibular and cognitive deficits v low-pollution controls. Neuroinflammation and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) breakdown target the olfactory bulb, prefrontal cortex and brainstem, but are diffusely present throughout the brain. Urban adolescent Apolipoprotein E4 carriers significantly accelerate Alzheimer pathology. Neurocognitive effects of air pollution are substantial, apparent across all populations, and potentially clinically relevant as early evidence of evolving neurodegenerative changes. The diffuse nature of the neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration forces to employ a weight of evidence approach incorporating current clinical, cognitive, neurophysiological, radiological and epidemiological research. Pediatric air pollution research requires extensive multidisciplinary collaborations to accomplish a critical goal: to protect exposed children through multidimensional interventions having both broad impact and reach. Protecting children and teens from neural effects of air pollution should be of pressing importance for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Center for Structural and Functional Neurosciences, University of Montana Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Ricardo Torres-Jardón
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Randy J Kulesza
- Auditory Research Center, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine Erie, PA, USA
| | - Su-Bin Park
- Neuroscience, NICER Lab (Neuroscience of Imagery Cognition and Emotion Research Lab), Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amedeo D'Angiulli
- Neuroscience, NICER Lab (Neuroscience of Imagery Cognition and Emotion Research Lab), Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada
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