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Morera-Gómez Y, Armas-Camejo A, Santamaría JM, Alonso-Hernández CM, Lasheras E, Widory D, Elustondo D. Chemical and C and N stable isotope compositions of three species of epiphytic Tillandsia in a Caribbean coastal zone: air pollution sources and biomonitoring implications. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2024; 60:141-161. [PMID: 38270129 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2024.2304756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We characterized the elemental and C and N stable isotope compositions of Tillandsia fasciculata Sw., Tillandsia balbisiana Schult. & Schult.f. and Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. samples collected in Cienfuegos (Cuba). Results showed high enrichment factors for S, Hg, Cd, Pb, P, Zn, Cu, Mo, Sb and Ca in all Tillandsia species, indicating inputs from local anthropogenic activities (road traffic, industries and cement production). Carbon concentrations and δ13C varied from 38.3-47.7 % and -20.4 to -13.4 ‰ within the three species, respectively. δ13C showed seasonal dependence with the dry and wet periods and more 13C-depleted values in urban/industrial areas, coherent with the input of anthropogenic emissions. Nitrogen concentrations (0.4-1.3 %) and δ15N values (-9.9-4.4 ‰) exhibit larger variations and are positively correlated in the three species. The most positive δ15N in T. recurvata (-0.2-4.4 ‰) are attributed to contributions from industrial activities and road traffic. In fact, both δ15N and total nitrogen (TN) values increase in sites with higher road traffic and show significant correlations with typical road traffic and industrial tracers. Finally, we calculate an average total nitrogen deposition rate of 4.4 ± 2.3 kg ha-1 a-1 from N content in T. recurvata, similar to the existing values determined in the region by field measurements, but higher than the global terrestrial average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Morera-Gómez
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Pamplona, España
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos, Cienfuegos, Cuba
| | - Alejandro Armas-Camejo
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos, Cienfuegos, Cuba
- Research and Development Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Sancti Spíritus, Cuba
| | | | - Carlos Manuel Alonso-Hernández
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos, Cienfuegos, Cuba
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Esther Lasheras
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Pamplona, España
| | - David Widory
- Geotop/Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Canada
| | - David Elustondo
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Pamplona, España
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Niepsch D, Clarke LJ, Newton J, Tzoulas K, Cavan G. High spatial resolution assessment of air quality in urban centres using lichen carbon, nitrogen and sulfur contents and stable-isotope-ratio signatures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:58731-58754. [PMID: 36991207 PMCID: PMC10163116 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution and poor air quality is impacting human health globally and is a major cause of respiratory and cardiovascular disease and damage to human organ systems. Automated air quality monitoring stations continuously record airborne pollutant concentrations, but are restricted in number, costly to maintain and cannot document all spatial variability of airborne pollutants. Biomonitors, such as lichens, are commonly used as an inexpensive alternative to assess the degree of pollution and monitor air quality. However, only a few studies combined lichen carbon, nitrogen and sulfur contents, with their stable-isotope-ratio signatures (δ13C, δ15N and δ34S values) to assess spatial variability of air quality and to 'fingerprint' potential pollution sources. In this study, a high-spatial resolution lichen biomonitoring approach (using Xanthoria parietina and Physcia spp.) was applied to the City of Manchester (UK), the centre of the urban conurbation Greater Manchester, including considerations of its urban characteristics (e.g., building heights and traffic statistics), to investigate finer spatial detail urban air quality. Lichen wt% N and δ15N signatures, combined with lichen nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) concentrations, suggest a complex mixture of airborne NOx and NHx compounds across Manchester. In contrast, lichen S wt%, combined with δ34S strongly suggest anthropogenic sulfur sources, whereas C wt% and δ13C signatures were not considered reliable indicators of atmospheric carbon emissions. Manchester's urban attributes were found to influence lichen pollutant loadings, suggesting deteriorated air quality in proximity to highly trafficked roads and densely built-up areas. Lichen elemental contents and stable-isotope-ratio signatures can be used to identify areas of poor air quality, particularly at locations not covered by automated air quality measurement stations. Therefore, lichen biomonitoring approaches provide a beneficial method to supplement automated monitoring stations and also to assess finer spatial variability of urban air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Niepsch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Leon J Clarke
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Jason Newton
- Stable Isotope Ecology Laboratory, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), East Kilbride, G75 0QF, UK
| | - Konstantinos Tzoulas
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Gina Cavan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
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Niepsch D, Clarke LJ, Tzoulas K, Cavan G. Spatiotemporal variability of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) pollution in Manchester (UK) city centre (2017-2018) using a fine spatial scale single-NO x diffusion tube network. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3907-3927. [PMID: 34739651 PMCID: PMC9587101 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01149-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is linked to poor air quality and severe human health impacts, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and being responsible annually for approximately 23,500 premature deaths in the UK. Automated air quality monitoring stations continuously record pollutants in urban environments but are restricted in number (need for electricity, maintenance and trained operators), only record air quality proximal to their location and cannot document variability of airborne pollutants at finer spatial scales. As an alternative, passive sampling devices such as Palmes-type diffusion tubes can be used to assess the spatial variability of air quality in greater detail, due to their simplicity (e.g. small, light material, no electricity required) and suitability for long-term studies (e.g. deployable in large numbers, useful for screening studies). Accordingly, a one passive diffusion tube sampling approach has been adapted to investigate spatial and temporal variability of NO2 concentrations across the City of Manchester (UK). Spatial and temporal detail was obtained by sampling 45 locations over a 12-month period (361 days, to include seasonal variability), resulting in 1080 individual NO2 measurements. Elevated NO2 concentrations, exceeding the EU/UK limit value of 40 µg m-3, were recorded throughout the study period (N = 278; 26% of individual measurements), particularly during colder months and across a wide area including residential locations. Of 45 sampling locations, 24% (N = 11) showed annual average NO2 above the EU/UK limit value, whereas 16% (N = 7) showed elevated NO2 (> 40 µg m-3) for at least 6 months of deployment. Highest NO2 was recorded in proximity of highly trafficked major roads, with urban factors such as surrounding building heights also influencing NO2 dispersion and distribution. This study demonstrates the importance of high spatial coverage to monitor atmospheric NO2 concentrations across urban environments, to aid identification of areas of human health concern, especially in areas that are not covered by automated monitoring stations. This simple, reasonably cheap, quick and easy method, using a single-NOx diffusion tube approach, can aid identification of NO2 hotspots and provides fine spatial detail of deteriorated air quality. Such an approach can be easily transferred to comparable urban environments to provide an initial screening tool for air quality and air pollution, particularly where local automated air quality monitoring stations are limited. Additionally, such an approach can support air quality assessment studies, e.g. lichen or moss biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Niepsch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Leon J Clarke
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Konstantinos Tzoulas
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Gina Cavan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
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Ciężka MM, Górka M, Trzyna A, Modelska M, Łubek A, Widory D. The multi-isotope biogeochemistry (S, C, N and Pb) of Hypogymnia physodes lichens: air quality approach in the Świętokrzyski National Park, Poland. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2022; 58:340-362. [PMID: 35984898 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2022.2110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The isotope biogeochemistry of bioindicators has widely demonstrated its added value in environmental issues by allowing to precisely identify sources of contamination. Most of the studies are based on studying one or two isotope systematics. Here, we are presenting an innovative multi-proxy approach that combines chemistry with both stable (C, S, N) and radiogenic (Pb) isotope systematics. Using Hypogymnia physodes bioindicators, we evaluated air quality in the complex environment of the Świętokrzyski National Park (ŚNP, Poland) with the ultimate objective of isotopically identifying the sources responsible for the observed contamination. Combining the isotope systematics showed that home heating is a major source of contamination in winter, whereas the contribution of road traffic increases during the summer. Pb isotope ratios identified industrial activities as the major source of this metal in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej Górka
- Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Trzyna
- Department of Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Modelska
- Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Łubek
- Institute of Biology, Division of Environmental Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - David Widory
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, GEOTOP/UQAM, Montréal, Canada
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Spatial Distribution of Air Pollution, Hotspots and Sources in an Urban-Industrial Area in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal-A Biomonitoring Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031364. [PMID: 35162412 PMCID: PMC8834712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the influence of industries (including steelworks, lime factories, and industry of metal waste management and treatment) on the air quality of the urban-industrial area of Seixal (Portugal), where the local population has often expressed concerns regarding the air quality. The adopted strategy was based on biomonitoring of air pollution using transplanted lichens distributed over a grid to cover the study area. Moreover, the study was conducted during the first period of national lockdown due to COVID-19, whereas local industries kept their normal working schedule. Using a set of different statistical analysis approaches (such as enrichment and contamination factors, Spearman correlations, and evaluation of spatial patterns) to the chemical content of the exposed transplanted lichens, it was possible to assess hotspots of air pollution and to identify five sources affecting the local air quality: (i) a soil source of natural origin (based on Al, Si, and Ti), (ii) a soil source of natural and anthropogenic origins (based on Fe and Mg), (iii) a source from the local industrial activity, namely steelworks (based on Co, Cr, Mn, Pb, and Zn); (iv) a source from the road traffic (based on Cr, Cu, and Zn), and (v) a source of biomass burning (based on Br and K). The impact of the industries located in the study area on the local air quality was identified (namely, the steelworks), confirming the concerns of the local population. This valuable information is essential to improve future planning and optimize the assessment of particulate matter levels by reference methods, which will allow a quantitative analysis of the issue, based on national and European legislation, and to define the quantitative contribution of pollution sources and to design target mitigation measures to improve local air quality.
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Gong C, Xian C, Cui B, He G, Wei M, Zhang Z, Ouyang Z. Estimating NO x removal capacity of urban trees using stable isotope method: A case study of Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118004. [PMID: 34454196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that green infrastructures in urban ecosystems provides important ecosystem services, including air purification. The potential absorption of nitrogen oxides (NOx) by urban trees has not been fully quantified, although it is important for air pollution mitigation and the well-being of urban residents. In this study, four common tree species (Sophora japonica L., Fraxinus chinensis Roxb., Populus tomentosa Carrière, Sabina chinensis (L.)) in Beijing, China, were studied. The dual stable isotopes (15N and 18O) and a Bayesian isotope mixing model were applied to estimate the sources contributions of potential nitrogen sources to the roadside trees based on leaf and soil sampling in urban regions. The following order of sources contributions was determined: soil > dry deposition > traffic-related NOx. The capacity of urban trees for NOx removal in the city was estimated using a remote sensing and GIS approach, and the removal capacity was found to range from 0.79 to 1.11 g m-2 a-1 across administrative regions, indicating that 1304 tons of NOx could be potentially removed by urban trees in 2019. Our finding qualified the potential NOx removal by urban trees in terms of atmospheric pollution mitigation, highlighting the role of green infrastructure in air purification, which should be taken into account by stakeholders to manage green infrastructure as the basis of a nature-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Chaofan Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Bowen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Guojin He
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China.
| | - Mingyue Wei
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China.
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China.
| | - Zhiyun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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7
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Selecting Biomonitors of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition: Guidelines for Practitioners and Decision Makers. NITROGEN 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen2030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a major threat to public health and is the cause of important economic losses worldwide. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is one of the most significant components of environmental pollution, which, in addition to being a health risk, is one of the leading drivers of global biodiversity loss. However, monitoring pollution is not possible in many regions of the world because the instrumentation, deployment, operation, and maintenance of automated systems is onerous. An affordable alternative is the use of biomonitors, naturally occurring or transplanted organisms that respond to environmental pollution with a consistent and measurable ecophysiological response. This policy brief advocates for the use of biomonitors of atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Descriptions of the biological and monitoring particularities of commonly utilized biomonitor lichens, bryophytes, vascular epiphytes, herbs, and woody plants, are followed by a discussion of the principal ecophysiological parameters that have been shown to respond to the different nitrogen emissions and their rate of deposition.
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Sheng Q, Liu C, Song M, Xu J, Zhu Z. Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis of Rare Carpinus putoensis Plants under NO 2 stress. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050754. [PMID: 34067657 PMCID: PMC8156095 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated a transcriptome using high-throughput Illumina HiSeq sequencing and related it to the morphology, leaf anatomy, and physiological parameters of Carpinus putoensis putoensis under NO2 stress. The molecular mechanism of the C. putoensis NO2 stress response was evaluated using sequencing data. NO2 stress adversely affected the morphology, leaf anatomy, and total peroxidase (POD) activity. Through RNA-seq analysis, we used NCBI to compare the transcripts with nine databases and obtained their functional annotations. We annotated up to 2255 million clean Illumina paired-end RNA-seq reads, and 250,200 unigene sequences were assembled based on the resulting transcriptome data. More than 89% of the C. putoensis transcripts were functionally annotated. Under NO2 stress, 1119 genes were upregulated and 1240 were downregulated. According to the KEGG pathway and GO analyses, photosynthesis, chloroplasts, plastids, and the stimulus response are related to NO2 stress. Additionally, NO2 stress changed the expression of POD families, and the HPL2, HPL1, and POD genes exhibited high expression. The transcriptome analysis of C. putoensis leaves under NO2 stress supplies a reference for studying the molecular mechanism of C. putoensis resistance to NO2 stress. The given transcriptome data represent a valuable resource for studies on plant genes, which will contribute towards genome annotations during future genome projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sheng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.S.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.X.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Congzhe Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.S.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.X.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Min Song
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.S.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.X.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jingyuan Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.S.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.X.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zunling Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.S.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.X.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Art & Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-6822-4603
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Alonso-Hernández CM, Fanelli E, Diaz-Asencio M, Santamaría JM, Morera-Gómez Y. Carbon and nitrogen isotopes to distinguish sources of sedimentary organic matter in a Caribbean estuary. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2020; 56:654-672. [PMID: 32996791 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2020.1819263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope compositions (δ13C and δ15N) of organic matter (OM) and total organic carbon to total nitrogen ratio (Corg/TN) in a sediment core collected in Sagua estuary (Cuba), were investigated to elucidate the origin of the Sedimentary OM (SOM) and changes in its main sources, over the last 100 years. Results showed almost constant values in the elemental and isotope composition of SOM from 1908 to 1970 with an abrupt change after 1970. From 1970 to 2005, δ13C increased from -21.2 up to -19.3 ‰, while δ15N declined from 1.5 to values close to 0 ‰. The output of the mass-balance model for the identification of OM sources indicated that δ13C and Corg/TN values are generally influenced by marine Particulate OM (POM) sources. Between 1900 and 1970, the main OM source in sediments was marine POM (>85 %), with freshwater POM contributing ca. 15%. Since 1970, the establishment of the Alacranes Dam determined drastic environmental changes influencing the OM sources in the area. Mixing models pointed to seagrasses (79 %) as the main contributors to SOM in the first period, while since 1973 onward, the contribution of human-derived sources such as fertilizers and urban discharges became greater. This information can provide baseline data for the environmental management of the Sagua watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Manuel Alonso-Hernández
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos (CEAC), Cienfuegos, Cuba
- Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Emanuela Fanelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Misael Diaz-Asencio
- Division of Oceanology, Ensenada Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education (CICESE), Ensenada, Mexico
| | | | - Yasser Morera-Gómez
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos (CEAC), Cienfuegos, Cuba
- Laboratorio Integrado de Calidad Ambiental (LICA), Universidad de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
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Elemental characterisation of native lichens collected in an area affected by traditional charcoal production. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Almetwally AA, Bin-Jumah M, Allam AA. Ambient air pollution and its influence on human health and welfare: an overview. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:24815-24830. [PMID: 32363462 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Human health is closely related to his environment. The influence of exposure to air pollutants on human health and well-being has been an interesting subject and gained much volume of research over the last 50 years. In general, polluted air is considered one of the major factors leading to many diseases such as cardiovascular and respiratory disease and lung cancer for the people. Besides, air pollution adversely affects the animals and deteriorates the plant environment. The overarching objective of this review is to explore the previous researches regarding the causes and sources of air pollution, how to control it and its detrimental effects on human health. The definition of air pollution and its sources were introduced extensively. Major air pollutants and their noxious effects were detailed. Detrimental impacts of air pollution on human health and well-being were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alsaid Ahmed Almetwally
- Textile Engineering Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - May Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 65211, Egypt
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Hosseini NS, Sobhanardakani S, Cheraghi M, Lorestani B, Merrikhpour H. Heavy metal concentrations in roadside plants (Achillea wilhelmsii and Cardaria draba) and soils along some highways in Hamedan, west of Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13301-13314. [PMID: 32020453 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to analyze the effects of traffic volumes on Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn contents in roadside soils and in two dominant herbaceous species (Achillea wilhelmsii and Cardaria draba) along highways and to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of these elements and their accumulation by the aerial parts and roots of these herbaceous species. The plant samples were collected along 700 m of a 9-km segment of each of the three major highways in Hamedan Province (West Iran) with different traffic volumes: Hamedan-Goltapeh (HG), Hamedan-Razan (HR), and Hamedan-Kermanshah (HK). The results indicated that the mean contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn in the soil samples were 0.26, 18.74, 14.98, 18.21, and 62.25 mg kg-1, respectively. Furthermore, the mean contents of elements (mg kg-1) in aerial parts of A. wilhelmsii were 0.16 for Cd, 4.52 for Cu, 1.91 for Pb, 1.70 for Ni, and 44.80 for Zn, while in the aerial part samples of C. draba, the concentrations (mg kg-1) and the mean contents were 0.16, 2.29, 2.58, 1.60, and 31.29, respectively. This meant that the traffic volume affected the contents of the metals in the soil and the herbaceous species. The metal content in herbaceous tissues varied significantly between plant species. A. wilhelmsii tended to accumulate the metals in the roots while C. draba retained them mostly in the aerial parts. The significant positive correlations of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn content in root and aerial parts of the herbaceous plant with those found in the soil samples showed the potential of the studied species for application in biomonitoring studies. Comprehensive analysis (effect of traffic volumes and relationships between the content of elements in plant tissues and soil samples) indicated that Cu in both herbaceous plants was mainly derived from soil, while A. wilhelmsii absorbed Cd and C. draba absorbed Zn mainly through the stomata from atmospheric depositions. Without considering atmospheric depositions due to intense traffic volumes, in A. wilhelmsii, the translocation factor (TF) values of Cu and Zn were 1.06 and 1.44, respectively and in C. draba, the TF values of Cd, Cu, and Pb were 1.06, 1.09, and 1.13, respectively, thus suggesting that both herbaceous species had high potentials for transferring metals from the roots to aerial parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayereh Sadat Hosseini
- Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Soheil Sobhanardakani
- Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Cheraghi
- Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Lorestani
- Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Hajar Merrikhpour
- Department of Agriculture, Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University, Asadabad, Iran
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Gong C, Xian C, Su Y, Ouyang Z. Estimating the nitrogen source apportionment of Sophora japonica in roadside green spaces using stable isotope. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:1348-1357. [PMID: 31466171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that urban vegetation absorbs air pollutants resulting in improved air quality. However, limited work has provided experimental data that can be used to quantify this. In this study, Sophora japonica in the near-road environment was studied, and stable isotopes were used to estimate the proportional contributions of different nitrogen sources to the trees. δ15N and δ18O values were quantified for plant (n = 254) and soil samples (n = 86) collected from 12 sampling sites in Beijing. The elemental composition (total nitrogen (TN) and total carbon (TC)) of both samples types, and the ionic concentration (NO3- and NH4+) of soil samples were also measured. δ15N in S. japonica sampled near the road was significantly lower than in samples collected far from the road. Variation of δ18O, TN, and TC in plant samples could not be explained by the road distance. Using the SIAR Bayesian isotope mixing model and the mixing polygon method, the average proportional contributions of three nitrogen sources for the tree samples among all experiment sites were estimated, with the proportion for each nitrogen source following the order: soil (69.2%) > traffic-related NOx (19.3%) > dry deposition (11.5%). In addition, the results of the Bayesian model revealed that the nitrogen contribution of traffic-related NOx at road-adjacent sites (23.0%) was higher than the contribution of traffic-related NOx at sites far from the road (16.4%). These results indicated that the S. japonica in near-road green spaces was significantly influenced by traffic-related NOx emissions that were characterized by lower δ15N values. We found that using the SIAR Bayesian isotope mixing model and mixing polygon method, the potential nitrogen sources of plants could be estimated and the proportional contributions estimated by the model can reflect the plant's ability to absorb air-borne NOx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gong
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Chaofan Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yuebo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Zhiyun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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14
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Hoffman AS, Albeke SE, McMurray JA, Evans RD, Williams DG. Nitrogen deposition sources and patterns in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem determined from ion exchange resin collectors, lichens, and isotopes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 683:709-718. [PMID: 31150891 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the past century, atmospheric nitrogen deposition (Ndep) has increased across the western United States due to agricultural and urban development, resulting in degraded ecosystem quality. Regional patterns of Ndep are often estimated by coupling direct measurements from large-scale monitoring networks and atmospheric chemistry models, but such efforts can be problematic in the western US because of complex terrain and sparse sampling. This study aimed not only to understand Ndep patterns in mountainous ecosystems but also to investigate whether isotope values of lichens and throughfall deposition can be used to determine Ndep sources, and serve as an additional tool in ecosystem health assessments. We measured Ndep amounts and δ15N in montane conifer forests of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem using canopy throughfall and bulk monitors and lichens. In addition, we examined patterns of C:N ratios in lichens as a possible indicator of lichen physiological condition. The isotopic signature of δ15N of Ndep helps to discern emission sources, because δ15N of NOx from combustion tends to be high (-5 to +25‰) while NHx from agricultural sources tends to be comparatively low (-40 to -10‰). Summertime Ndep increased with elevation and ranged from 0.26 to 1.66 kg ha-1. Ndep was higher than expected in remote areas. The δ15N values of lichens were typically -15.3 to -10‰ suggesting agriculture as a primary emission source of deposition. Lichen %N, δ15N and C:N ratios can provide important information about Ndep sources and patterns over small spatial scales in complex terrain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shannon E Albeke
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States of America
| | - Jill A McMurray
- Bridger Teton National Forest, United States Forest Service, Pinedale, WY 82941, United States of America
| | - R David Evans
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States of America
| | - David G Williams
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States of America
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15
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Could Hair-Lichens of High-Elevation Forests Help Detect the Impact of Global Change in the Alps? DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Climate change and the anthropic emission of pollutants are likely to have an accelerated impact in high-elevation mountain areas. This phenomenon could have negative consequences on alpine habitats and for species of conservation in relative proximity to dense human populations. This premise implies that the crucial task is in the early detection of warning signals of ecological changes. In alpine landscapes, high-elevation forests provide a unique environment for taking full advantage of epiphytic lichens as sensitive indicators of climate change and air pollution. This literature review is intended to provide a starting point for developing practical biomonitoring tools that elucidate the potential of hair-lichens, associated with high-elevation forests, as ecological indicators of global change in the European Alps. We found support for the practical use of hair-lichens to detect the impact of climate change and nitrogen pollution in high-elevation forest habitats. The use of these organisms as ecological indicators presents an opportunity to expand monitoring activities and develop predictive tools that support decisions on how to mitigate the effects of global change in the Alps.
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16
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Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide on Biochemical Responses in 41 Garden Plants. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8020045. [PMID: 30781496 PMCID: PMC6409717 DOI: 10.3390/plants8020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at a high concentration is among the most common and harmful air pollutants. The present study aimed to explore the physiological responses of plants exposed to NO2. A total of 41 plants were classified into 13 functional groups according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification system. The plants were exposed to 6 μL/L NO2 in an open-top glass chamber. The physiological parameters (chlorophyll (Chl) content, peroxidase (POD) activity, and soluble protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations) and leaf mineral ion contents (nitrogen (N+), phosphorus (P+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), manganese (Mn2+), and zinc (Zn2+)) of 41 garden plants were measured. After NO2 exposure, the plants were subsequently transferred to a natural environment for a 30-d recovery to determine whether they could recover naturally and resume normal growth. The results showed that NO2 polluted the plants and that NO2 exposure affected leaf Chl contents in most functional groups. Increases in both POD activity and soluble protein and MDA concentrations as well as changes in mineral ion concentrations could act as signals for inducing defense responses. Furthermore, antioxidant status played an important role in plant protection against NO2-induced oxidative damage. NO2 poses a pollution risk to plant systems, and antioxidant status plays an important role in plant protection against NO2-induced oxidative damage. In conditions of strong air pollution, more evergreen plants may be considered in landscape design, particularly in seasonal regions. The results of this study may provide useful data for the selection of landscaping plants in NO2 polluted areas.
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17
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Barre JPG, Deletraz G, Sola-Larrañaga C, Santamaria JM, Bérail S, Donard OFX, Amouroux D. Multi-element isotopic signature (C, N, Pb, Hg) in epiphytic lichens to discriminate atmospheric contamination as a function of land-use characteristics (Pyrénées-Atlantiques, SW France). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:961-971. [PMID: 30248603 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Multi-elemental isotopic approach associated with a land-use characteristic sampling strategy may be relevant for conducting biomonitoring studies to determine the spatial extent of atmospheric contamination sources. In this work, we investigated how the combined isotopic signatures in epiphytic lichens of two major metallic pollutants, lead (206Pb/207Pb) and mercury (δ202Hg, Δ199Hg), together with the isotopic composition of nitrogen and carbon (δ15N, δ13C), can be used to better constrain atmospheric contamination inputs. To this end, an intensive and integrated sampling strategy based on land-use characteristics (Geographic information system, GIS) over a meso-scale area (Pyrénées-Atlantiques, SW France) was applied to more than 90 sampling stations. To depict potential relationships between such multi-elemental isotopic fingerprint and land-use characteristics, multivariate analysis was carried out. Combined Pb and Hg isotopic signatures resolved spatially the contribution of background atmospheric inputs from long range transport, from local legacy contamination (i.e. Pb) or actual industrial inputs (i.e. Pb and Hg from steel industry). Application of clustering multivariate analysis to all studied isotopes provided a new assessment of the region in accordance with the land-use characteristics and anthropogenic pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien P G Barre
- CNRS, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254, 64000, PAU, France.
| | - Gaëlle Deletraz
- CNRS, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Univ. Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux Montaigne, ENSAPBx, Passages, Umr 5319, 64000, PAU, France
| | - Cristina Sola-Larrañaga
- CNRS, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254, 64000, PAU, France; Department of Chemistry and Soil Science, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | | | - Sylvain Bérail
- CNRS, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254, 64000, PAU, France
| | - Olivier F X Donard
- CNRS, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254, 64000, PAU, France
| | - David Amouroux
- CNRS, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254, 64000, PAU, France
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18
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Photosynthetic Capacity, Stomatal Behavior and Chloroplast Ultrastructure in Leaves of the Endangered Plant Carpinus putoensis W.C.Cheng during Gaseous NO2 Exposure and after Recovery. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9090561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Foliar uptake of gaseous NO2 mainly occurs through the stomata and disrupts normal plant growth, but no detailed reports about the physiological responses of plants exposed to NO2 are available. In this study, to study leaf physicochemical responses, stomatal characteristics and chloroplast structure, we observed the leaves of Carpinus putoensis W.C.Cheng after exposure to NO2 (6 μL/L) for five time periods (0, 1, 6, 24, and 72 h) and after 30 days of recovery following NO2 exposure. Our results showed that short-duration exposure to a high concentration of NO2 had significant negative impacts (p < 0.05) on the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and chloroplast-related physicochemical processes of C. putoensis leaves; with the exception of one hour of NO2 exposure, which was helpful for plant physiological responses. Moreover, NO2 exposure significantly increased the thickness of the palisade/spongy tissue and caused swelling of the thylakoids within the chloroplasts; this thylakoid swelling could be reversed by removing the pollutant from the air flow. Restoration of unpolluted air alleviated the toxic effects of NO2, as indicated by an increased chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, and PSII maximum quantum yield. These results could support the development of a treatment for roadside trees that are exposed to NO2 as a major road pollutant.
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19
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Manninen S. Deriving nitrogen critical levels and loads based on the responses of acidophytic lichen communities on boreal urban Pinus sylvestris trunks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:751-762. [PMID: 28938217 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of reactive nitrogen (N) compounds currently predominates over sulphur (S) deposition in most of the cities in Europe and North America. Acidophytic lichens growing on tree trunks are known to be sensitive to both N and S deposition. Given that tree species and climatic factors affect the composition of epiphytic lichen communities and modify lichen responses to air pollution, this study focused on the impact of urban air pollution on acidophytes growing on boreal conifer trunks. The study was performed in the Helsinki metropolitan area, southern Finland, where annual mean nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations range from 4-5μgm-3 to >50μgm-3. In addition, background forest sites in southern and northern Finland were included. The results demonstrated elevated N contents (≥0.7%) in Hypogymnia physodes and Platismatia glauca at all the sites where the species occurred. In the Helsinki metropolitan area, a higher frequency of green algae+Scoliociosporum chlorococcum and reduced numerical frequencies of other indicator lichen species (e.g. Pseudevernia furfuracea, Bryoria spp., Usnea spp.) were associated with elevated atmospheric concentrations of NO2 and particulate matter containing N, as well as elevated concentrations of inorganic N in bark. The N isotope values (δ15N) of lichens supported the uptake of oxidized N mainly originating from road traffic. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) also negatively affected the most sensitive species, despite the current low levels (1-4μgm-3yr-1). Critical levels of 5μgNO2m-3yr-1 and 0.5μgNH3m-3yr-1, and a critical load of 2-3kgNha-1yr-1 are proposed for protecting the diversity of boreal acidophytes. This study calls for measurements of the throughfall of various N fractions in urban forest ecosystems along precipitation and temperature gradients to verify the proposed critical levels and loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirkku Manninen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Viikinkaari 2a, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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20
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Berisha S, Skudnik M, Vilhar U, Sabovljević M, Zavadlav S, Jeran Z. Trace elements and nitrogen content in naturally growing moss Hypnum cupressiforme in urban and peri-urban forests of the Municipality of Ljubljana (Slovenia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4517-4527. [PMID: 27943157 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We monitored trace metals and nitrogen using naturally growing moss Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. in urban and peri-urban forests of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in atmospheric deposition of trace metals and nitrogen between urban and peri-urban forests. Samples were collected at a total of 44 sites in urban forests (forests within the motorway ring road) and peri-urban forests (forests outside the motorway ring road). Mosses collected in urban forests showed increased trace metal concentrations compared to samples collected from peri-urban forests. Higher values were significant for As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl and V. Within the motorway ring road, the notable differences in element concentrations between the two urban forests were significant for Cr, Ni and Mo. Factor analysis showed three groups of elements, highlighting the contribution of traffic emissions, individual heating appliances and the resuspension of contaminated soils and dust as the main sources of trace elements in urban forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Berisha
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Skudnik
- Department of Forest and Landscape Planning and Monitoring, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - U Vilhar
- Department of Forest Ecology, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Sabovljević
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - S Zavadlav
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture and Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Z Jeran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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21
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Watmough SA, Rabinowitz T, Baker S. The impact of pollutants from a major northern highway on an adjacent hardwood forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:409-419. [PMID: 27887833 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Emissions of pollutants from highways can exert multiple stresses on adjacent ecosystems. In this study air concentrations of NO2 and throughfall deposition of inorganic N (NO3- and NH4+), SO42-, Cl-, base cations and several metals were measured in all four seasons along a 1.5km hardwood forest gradient extending away from a major highway (Highway 401) in southern Ontario, Canada. Soil and lichen chemistry and herbaceous plant and epiphytic lichen species composition were measured within the hardwood forest to evaluate impacts of these pollutants. Air concentrations of NO2 and deposition of inorganic N, Cl-, base cations and Cu and Zn in throughfall were significantly elevated within 100m of the road compared with the more distant sites. Concentrations of several pollutants including N (and δ15N), Na+, Al and Fe in epiphytic lichen tissue decreased with distance from the highway, and epiphytic lichen richness was lower at sites within 100m of the road. Despite high throughfall inputs of >15kgNha-1y-1 and 100kgNa+ha-1y-1 within 33m of the highway, for example, there was no significant difference in soil chemistry amongst sites. Plant community composition at sites within 80m of the highway differed from sites located further from the road, but it is unclear whether differences were due to highway emissions or were a result of natural forest edge effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Watmough
- Trent School of the Environment, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada.
| | - T Rabinowitz
- Trent School of the Environment, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - S Baker
- Trent School of the Environment, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
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22
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Ding M, Jiang Y, Xie Z. Traffic-related metal(loid) status and uptake by dominant plants growing naturally in roadside soils in the Tibetan plateau, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:915-923. [PMID: 27599055 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To understand traffic-related metal(loid) status and uptake by dominant plants growing naturally in roadside soils in the Tibetan plateau, China, aboveground parts and root samples of three dominant plant species (Kalidium slenderbranch, Stipa purpurea, Kobresia pygmaea) were collected along the Qinghai-Tibet highway, and were analyzed for concentrations of traffic-related metal(loid)s such as chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb). The results indicated that concentrations of metal(loid)s in plant tissues varied greatly among plant species and sites. Tissue distribution of metal(loid)s was significantly related to distance and demonstrated variability as an exponential function of traffic proximity. It was deduced that Cd in Kalidium slenderbranch and Cu and Zn in S. purpurea were mainly derived from soil; Kalidium slenderbranch and Kobresia pygmaea absorbed Zn, and S. purpurea absorbed Cd, mainly through stomata, from atmospheric deposition; enrichments of Pb and As in S. purpurea presented similar characteristics to those of Cd and Pb in Kobresia pygmaea and were affected by both soil and atmospheric deposition. After excluding the effects of the traffic, the highest value obtained for metal(loid)-translocation capacity (7.51 for translocation factor, TF) was observed for S. purpurea collected from Tuotuohe, while the lowest value for metal(loid)-uptake capacity (0.015 for bioaccumulation factor, BF) was for Kalidium slenderbranch collected from Golmud. The three plant species showed limited soil-to-root transfer of metal(loid)s, possibly due to the high soil pH along the Qinghai-Tibet highway, but demonstrated great potential for metal(loid) transfer from roots to aboveground parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Mingjun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yinghui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Zhenglei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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Mateos A, González C. Physiological response and sulfur accumulation in the biomonitor Ramalina celastri in relation to the concentrations of SO2 and NO2 in urban environments. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gauslaa Y, Yemets OA, Asplund J, Solhaug KA. Carbon based secondary compounds do not provide protection against heavy metal road pollutants in epiphytic macrolichens. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:795-801. [PMID: 26437350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lichens are useful monitoring organisms for heavy metal pollution. They are high in carbon based secondary compounds (CBSCs) among which some may chelate heavy metals and thus increase metal accumulation. This study quantifies CBSCs in four epiphytic lichens transplanted for 6months on stands along transects from a highway in southern Norway to search for relationships between concentrations of heavy metals and CBSCs along a gradient in heavy metal pollutants. Viability parameters and concentrations of 21 elements including nutrients and heavy metals in these lichen samples were reported in a separate paper. Medullary CBSCs in fruticose lichens (Ramalina farinacea, Usnea dasypoga) were reduced in the most polluted sites, but not in foliose ones (Parmelia sulcata, Lobaria pulmonaria), whereas cortical CBSC did not change with distance from the road in any species. Strong positive correlations only occurred between the major medullary compound stictic acid present in L. pulmonaria and most heavy metals, consistent with a chelating role of stictic acid, but not of other studied CBSCs or in other species. However, heavy metal chelating did not protect L. pulmonaria against damage because this species experienced the strongest reduction in viability in the polluted sites. CBSCs with an accumulation potential for heavy metals should be quantified in lichen biomonitoring studies of heavy metals because they, like stictic acid, could overshadow pollutant inputs in some species rendering biomonitoring data less useful. In the two fruticose lichen species, CBSCs decreased with increasing heavy metal concentration, probably because heavy metal exposure impaired secondary metabolism. Thus, we found no support for a heavy metal protection role of any CBSCs in studied epiphytic lichens. No intraspecific relationships occurred between CBSCs versus N or C/N-ratio. Interspecifically, medullary CBSCs decreased and cortical CBSCs increased with increasing C/N-ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yngvar Gauslaa
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Olena A Yemets
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Johan Asplund
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Asbjørn Solhaug
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
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