1
|
Govednik A, Eler K, Mihelič R, Suhadolc M. Mineral and organic fertilisation influence ammonia oxidisers and denitrifiers and nitrous oxide emissions in a long-term tillage experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172054. [PMID: 38569950 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from different agricultural systems have been studied extensively to understand the mechanisms underlying their formation. While a number of long-term field experiments have focused on individual agricultural practices in relation to N2O emissions, studies on the combined effects of multiple practices are lacking. This study evaluated the effect of different tillage [no-till (NT) vs. conventional plough tillage (CT)] in combination with fertilisation [mineral (MIN), compost (ORG), and unfertilised control (CON)] on seasonal N2O emissions and the underlying N-cycling microbial community in one maize growing season. Rainfall events after fertilisation, which resulted in increased soil water content, were the main triggers of the observed N2O emission peaks. The highest cumulative emissions were measured in MIN fertilisation, followed by ORG and CON fertilisation. In the period after the first fertilisation CT resulted in higher cumulative emissions than NT, while no significant effect of tillage was observed cumulatively across the entire season. A higher genetic potential for N2O emissions was observed under NT than CT, as indicated by an increased (nirK + nirS)/(nosZI + nosZII) ratio. The mentioned ratio under NT decreased in the order CON > MIN > ORG, indicating a higher N2O consumption potential in the NT-ORG treatment, which was confirmed in terms of cumulative emissions. The AOB/16S ratio was strongly affected by fertilisation and was higher in the MIN than in the ORG and CON treatments, regardless of the tillage system. Multiple regression has revealed that this ratio is one of the most important variables explaining cumulative N2O emissions, possibly reflecting the role of bacterial ammonia oxidisers in minerally fertilised soil. Although the AOB/16S ratio aligned well with the measured N2O emissions in our experimental field, the higher genetic potential for denitrification expressed by the (nirK + nirS)/(nosZI + nosZII) ratio in NT than CT was not realized in the form of increased emissions. Our results suggest that organic fertilisation in combination with NT shows a promising combination for mitigating N2O emissions; however, addressing the yield gap is necessary before incorporating it in recommendations for farmers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Govednik
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Eler
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Mihelič
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjetka Suhadolc
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Oliveira AD, Ribeiro FP, Figueiredo CCD, Muller AG, Vitoria Malaquias J, Santos ILD, Sá MACD, Soares JPG, Santos MVAD, Carvalho AMD. "Effects of soil management, rotation and sequence of crops on soil nitrous oxide emissions in the Cerrado: A multi-factor assessment". JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119295. [PMID: 37827072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), one of the main greenhouse gases, which contributes significantly to global warming, is a major challenge in modern agriculture. The effects of land use systems on N2O emissions are the result of multiple variables, whose interactions need to be better understood. In this sense, this study analyzed the possible effects of different soil managements, crop rotations and sequences, as well as edaphoclimatic factors causing N2O emissions from soils in the Cerrado biome (scrubland). The following four land-use systems were evaluated: 1) No-tillage cultivation with biennial crop rotations and sequences: legume-grass and alternating grass-legume crops in the second season - NT-SS/MP; 2) No-tillage with biennial rotations and sequences: grass-legume and alternating second crop of legume-grass - NT-MP/SS; 3) Conventional planting with disc harrow and biennial legume-grass rotation-CT-S/M; and 4) Native Cerrado (CE), no agricultural land use. The legume and grass species, planted in the two no-tillage treatments were soybean, followed by sorghum BRS3.32 (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) (SS), and maize, followed by pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) (MP). Nitrous oxide emissions were evaluated for 25 months (October 2013 to October 2015), and the results were grouped in annual, total, growing and non-growing seasons, as well as yield-scaled N2O emissions. The mean N2O fluxes were 24.14, 15.71, 32.49 and 1.87 μg m-2 h-1 in the NT-SS/MP, NT-MP/SS, CT-S/M and Cerrado areas respectively. Cumulative N2O fluxes over the total evaluation period from the systems NT-SS/MP, NT-MP/SS, CT-S/M and CE, respectively, were 3.47, 2.29, 4.87 and 0.26 kg ha-1. A correlation between N2O fluxes and the environmental variables was observed, with the exception of water-filled pore space (WFPS), but N2O peaks were associated with WFPS values of >65%. In the 2014-2015 growing season, yield-scaled N2O emissions from NT-MP/SS were lower than from CT-S/M. A multi-factor approach indicated that conventional management with main season soybean or maize and no alternating crop sequence intensifies soil N2O emissions in the Cerrado.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Artur Gustavo Muller
- Embrapa Cerrados, BR 020, Km 18, CEP. 08223 - 73310 - 970, Planaltina, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Isis Lima Dos Santos
- Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro - 70910-900 - Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang M, Cao A, Guo L, Li H. Improving agricultural green total factor productivity in China: do environmental governance and green low-carbon policies matter? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:52906-52922. [PMID: 36843163 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Strengthening environmental governance and green low-carbon policies is a key measure to improve agriculture green total factor productivity and develop sustainable agriculture. Against this background, this study explores the relationship between agriculture green total factor productivity (AGTFP), environmental governance, and green low carbon policies based on panel data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2005 to 2019, and the system generalized method of moments model is adopted. The empirical results are as follows: (1) Environmental governance will not only directly affect AGTFP, but also indirectly affect AGTFP by influencing green technology innovation. (2) Environmental governance can strengthen the promotion of green low-carbon policies to AGTFP. (3) There are regional differences in causality among AGTFP, environmental governance, and green low-carbon policies. These empirical results offer Chinese policymakers scientific and normative recommendations for improving AGTFP and developing sustainable green agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Tang
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Andi Cao
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Guo
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Houjian Li
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Quintero IJ, Castillo AM, Mejía LC. Diversity and Taxonomy of Soil Bacterial Communities in Urban and Rural Mangrove Forests of the Panama Bay. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112191. [PMID: 36363784 PMCID: PMC9697262 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are threatened worldwide by a wide range of factors including climate change, coastal development, and pollution. The effects of these factors on soil bacterial communities of Neotropical mangroves and their temporal dynamics is largely undocumented. Here we compared the diversity and taxonomic composition of bacterial communities in the soil of two mangrove forest sites of the Panama Bay: Juan Diaz (JD), an urban mangrove forest in Panama City surrounded by urban development, with occurrence of five mangrove species, and polluted with solid waste and sewage; and Bayano (B), a rural mangrove forest without urban development, without solid waste pollution, and with the presence of two mangrove species. Massive amplicon sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and community analyses were implemented. In total, 20,691 bacterial amplicon sequence variants were identified, and the bacterial community was more diverse in the rural mangrove forest based on Faith’s phylogenetic diversity index. The three dominant phyla of bacteria found and shared between the two sites were Proteobacteria, Desulfobacterota, and Chloroflexi. The ammonia oxidizing archaea class Nitrosphaeria was found among the top 10 most abundant. Dominant genera of bacteria that occurred in the two mangrove sites were: BD2-11_terrestrial_group (Gemmatimonadota), EPR3968-O8a-Bc78 (Gammaproteobacteria), Salinimicrobium (Bacteroidetes), Sulfurovum (Campylobacteria), and Woeseia (Gammaproteobacteria) of which the first three and Methyloceanibacter had increased in relative abundance in the transition from rainy to dry to rainy season in the urban mangrove forest. Altogether, our study suggests that factors such as urban development, vegetation composition, pollution, and seasonal changes may cause shifts in bacterial diversity and relative abundance of specific taxa in mangrove soils. In particular, taxa with roles in biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, and on rhizosphere taxa, could be important for mangrove plant resilience to environmental stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indira J. Quintero
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP) Clayton, Panamá 0843, Panama
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama
| | - Anakena M. Castillo
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP) Clayton, Panamá 0843, Panama
- Departamento de Investigación en Entomología Médica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panamá 0816, Panama
| | - Luis C. Mejía
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP) Clayton, Panamá 0843, Panama
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá 0843, Panama
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +507-517-0700
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Z, Zhang Q, Li Z, Qiao Y, Du K, Tian C, Zhu N, Leng P, Yue Z, Cheng H, Chen G, Li F. Effects of no-tillage on greenhouse gas emissions in maize fields in a semi-humid temperate climate region. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119747. [PMID: 35835280 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural tillage practices have a significant impact on the generation and consumption of greenhouse gases (GHGs), the primary causes of global warming. Two tillage systems, conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT), were compared to evaluate their effects on GHG emissions in this study. Averaged from 2018 to 2020, significant decreases of CO2 and N2O emissions by 7.4% and 51.1% were observed in NT as compared to those of CT. NT was also found to inhibit the soil CH4 uptake. In this study, soil was a source of CO2 and N2O but a sink for CH4. The effect of soil temperature on the fluxes of CO2 was more pronounced than that of soil moisture. However, soil temperature and soil moisture had a weak correlation with CH4 and N2O flux variations. As compared to CT, NT did not affect maize yields but significantly reduced global warming potential (GWP) by 8.07%. For yield-scaled GWP, no significant difference was observed in NT (9.63) and CT (10.71). Taken together, NT was an environment-friendly tillage practice to mitigate GHG emissions in the soil under the tested conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuying Zhang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Du
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peifang Leng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zewei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Gang Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - Fadong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo H, Zhao W, Pan C, Qiu G, Xu S, Liu S. Study on the Influencing Factors of Farmers’ Adoption of Conservation Tillage Technology in Black Soil Region in China: A Logistic-ISM Model Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137762. [PMID: 35805419 PMCID: PMC9266123 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of conservation tillage technology can improve the production efficiency of black soils (mollisols), and it has great significance to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture. This paper takes farmers in the black soil region of Jilin Province as the research object, uses 442 survey data of farmers in seven municipal areas in the black soil region of Jilin Province, constructs a logistic-ISM model, first determines the influencing factors of farmers’ adoption of conservation tillage technology, and then analyzes the hierarchical structure of each influencing factor. The results show that: (1) among the eight significant influencing factors of farmers’ adoption of conservation tillage technology, age, whether they know the government’s subsidies for conservation tillage and the number of labor force are the deep-rooted factors; (2) Education level, whether you know that the government is promoting conservation tillage, and the planting area are intermediate level factors; (3) whether they have received the technical services of conservation tillage and whether the cultivated land is scattered is the direct factors. Based on the significance analysis of the influencing factors of farmers’ adoption of conservation tillage technology and the research on the action mechanism of the influencing factors of farmers’ adoption of conservation tillage technology, this paper puts forward policy suggestions to improve the extension system of conservation tillage technology, improve the implementation of land transfer and subsidy policies, strengthen the ability of rural socialized services, and strengthen the publicity of black soils protection.
Collapse
|
7
|
Moulton-Brown CE, Feng T, Kumar SS, Xu L, Dytham C, Helgason T, Cooper JM, Moir JWB. Long-term fertilization and tillage regimes have limited effects on structuring bacterial and denitrifier communities in a sandy loam UK soil. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:298-308. [PMID: 34913554 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Denitrification causes loss of available nitrogen from soil systems, thereby reducing crop productivity and increasing reliance on agrochemicals. The dynamics of denitrification and denitrifying communities are thought to be altered by land management practices, which affect the physicochemical properties of the soil. In this study, we look at the effects of long-term tillage and fertilization regimes on arable soils following 16 years of treatment in a factorial field trial. By studying the bacterial community composition based on 16S rRNA amplicons, absolute bacterial abundance and diversity of denitrification functional genes (nirK, nirS and nosZ), under conditions of minimum/conventional tillage and organic/synthetic mineral fertilizer, we tested how specific land management histories affect the diversity and distribution of both bacteria and denitrification genes. Bacterial and denitrifier communities were largely unaffected by land management history and clustered predominantly by spatial location, indicating that the variability in bacterial community composition in these arable soils is governed by innate environmental differences and Euclidean distance rather than agricultural management intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tianer Feng
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Shreiya Shivagni Kumar
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Luxi Xu
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Calvin Dytham
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | | | - Julia M Cooper
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - James W B Moir
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
No-Till and Solid Digestate Amendment Selectively Affect the Potential Denitrification Activity in Two Mediterranean Orchard Soils. SOIL SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems5020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Improved soil managements that include reduced soil disturbance and organic amendment incorporation represent valuable strategies to counteract soil degradation processes that affect Mediterranean tree cultivations. However, changes induced by these practices can promote soil N loss through denitrification. Our research aimed to investigate the short-term effects of no-tillage and organic amendment with solid anaerobic digestate on the potential denitrification in two Mediterranean orchard soils showing contrasting properties in terms of texture and pH. Denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) and selected soil variables (available C and N, microbial biomass C, basal respiration) were monitored in olive and orange tree orchard soils over a five-month period. Our results showed that the application of both practices increased soil DEA, with dynamics that varied according to the soil type. Increased bulk density, lowered soil aeration, and a promoting effect on soil microbial community growth were the main DEA triggers under no-tillage. Conversely, addition of digestate promoted DEA by increasing readily available C and N with a shorter effect in the olive grove soil, due to greater sorption and higher microbial efficiency, and a long-lasting consequence in the orange orchard soil related to a larger release of soluble substrates and their lower microbial use efficiency.
Collapse
|
9
|
Shakoor A, Shahbaz M, Farooq TH, Sahar NE, Shahzad SM, Altaf MM, Ashraf M. A global meta-analysis of greenhouse gases emission and crop yield under no-tillage as compared to conventional tillage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:142299. [PMID: 33182198 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
No-tillage (NT) practice is extensively adopted with aims to improve soil physical conditions, carbon (C) sequestration and to alleviate greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions without compromising crop yield. However, the influences of NT on GHGs emissions and crop yields remains inconsistent. A global meta-analysis was performed by using fifty peer-reviewed publications to assess the effectiveness of soil physicochemical properties, nitrogen (N) fertilization, type and duration of crop, water management and climatic zones on GHGs emissions and crop yields under NT compared to conventional tillage (CT) practices. The outcome reveals that compared to CT, NT increased CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions by 7.1, 12.0, and 20.8%, respectively. In contrast, NT caused up to 7.6% decline in global warming potential as compared to CT. However, absence of difference in crop yield was observed both under NT and CT practices. Increasing N fertilization rates under NT improved crop yield and GHGs emission up to 23 and 58%, respectively, compared to CT. Further, NT practices caused an increase of 16.1% CO2 and 14.7% N2O emission in the rainfed areas and up to 54.0% CH4 emission under irrigated areas as compared to CT practices. This meta-analysis study provides a scientific basis for evaluating the effects of NT on GHGs emissions and crop yields, and also provides basic information to mitigate the GHGs emissions that are associated with NT practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Avinguda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Taimoor Hassan Farooq
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Najam E Sahar
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sher Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Altaf
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu G, Chen XM, Ling J, Li F, Li FY, Peixoto L, Wen Y, Zhou SL. Effects of soil warming and increased precipitation on greenhouse gas fluxes in spring maize seasons in the North China Plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139269. [PMID: 32450404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Climatic changes, such as global warming and altered precipitation are of major environmental concern. Given that ecosystem processes are strongly regulated by temperature and water content, climate changes are expected to affect the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles, especially in agricultural systems. However, the interactive effects of soil warming and increased precipitation on greenhouse gas emissions are poorly understood, particularly in the North China Plain (NCP). Therefore, a field experiment was conducted over two spring maize seasons (May-Sept.) in 2018 and 2019. Two levels of temperature (T0: ambient temperature; T1: increase on average of 4.0 °C) combined with two levels of precipitation (W0: no artificial precipitation; W1: +30% above ambient precipitation) were carried out in the NCP. Our results showed that soil warming significantly promoted cumulative N2O and CO2 emissions by 49% and 39%, respectively. Additionally, increased precipitation further enhanced the N2O and CO2 emissions by 54% and 14%, respectively. This suggests that high soil temperature and water content have the capacity to stimulate microbial activities, and thus accelerate the soil C and N cycles. Soil warming increased CH4 uptake by 293%, but increased precipitation had no effect on CH4 fluxes. Overall, soil warming and increased precipitation significantly enhanced the GHG budget by 39% and 16%, respectively. This study suggests that climate warming will lead to enhanced GHG emissions in the spring maize season in the NCP, while increased precipitation in the future may further stimulate GHG emissions in a warming world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gong Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xian-Min Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Ling
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng-Yuan Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Leanne Peixoto
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Yuan Wen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop High Efficient Use of Water in Wuqiao, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuqiao, 061802, China; Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, 061802, China.
| | - Shun-Li Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop High Efficient Use of Water in Wuqiao, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuqiao, 061802, China; Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, 061802, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang X, Sang Y. How Does Part-Time Farming Affect Farmers' Adoption of Conservation Agriculture in Jianghan Plain, China? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165983. [PMID: 32824710 PMCID: PMC7459785 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Part-time farming has been suggested by scholars to play an important part in farmers’ decision making, but seldom empirical evidence has been done on the field of conservation agriculture (CA) technology adoption worldwide. Based on the field survey data of 433 farmers in Jianghan Plain, China, this paper estimate the impact of part-time farming on farmers’ adoption of CA technology by applying the multivariate logistic model. The results show that 91.92% of the farmers adopted CA technology. Part-time farming had a highly significant positive influence on the likelihood of adoption. Moreover, the impact degree increased along with the deepening of part-time farming. In addition, farmers’ adoption behaviors were affected by gender, contracted land area, economic welfare cognition and social welfare cognition. Our results help to understand farmers’ complex decision-making on farmland and to promote the sustainable development of agriculture in Jianghan Plain. A somewhat targeted approach to design policies to support technological, policy and institutional interventions to encourage farmers to engage in part-time farming are recommended, especially in areas that share similar edaphic and climatic characteristics with Jianghan Plain.
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu Y, Wang Y, Ma X, Liu X, Zhang P, Cai T, Jia Z. Ridge-furrow mulching system and supplementary irrigation can reduce the greenhouse gas emission intensity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137262. [PMID: 32084692 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, in order to explore the greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential (GWP) in winter wheat fields under the ridge-furrow mulching system (RF) with supplementary irrigation, three rainfall conditions (heavy rainfall = 275 mm, normal rainfall = 200 mm, and light rainfall = 125 mm) and four irrigation treatments (150, 75, 37.5, and 0 mm) were simulated during the growth period. Traditional flat planting (TF) was used as the control and we determined the emissions of N2O, CO2, and CH4, as well as the GWP and greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI). The results obtained after three years (October 2016 to June 2019) showed that when the amount of irrigation was the same during the winter wheat growth period, the N2O emission flux, CO2 emission flux, and GHGI under RF decreased by 3.30-23.78%, 5.93-6.45%, and 5.01-23.72% with rainfall at 275 mm, respectively, compared with those under TF. Under the same level of supplementary irrigation, the N2O emission flux, CO2 emission flux, and GHGI decreased by 0.8-4.18%, 5.05-13.53%, and 7.83-13.72%, respectively, with rainfall at 200 mm, and they decreased by 17.49-32.46%, 25.57-35.35%, and 6.22-30.20% with rainfall at 125 mm. Under the three rainfall conditions, the absorption of CH4 in the winter wheat field increased as the supplementary irrigation decreased. Our results showed that the RF system can satisfy the goal of achieving high yields and saving water, as well as reducing the GHGI to contribute less to global climate warming as an environmentally friendly irrigation method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Xu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yingxin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiangcheng Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tie Cai
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Zhikuan Jia
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Badagliacca G, Benítez E, Amato G, Badalucco L, Giambalvo D, Laudicina VA, Ruisi P. Long-term no-tillage application increases soil organic carbon, nitrous oxide emissions and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) yields under rain-fed Mediterranean conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:350-359. [PMID: 29791887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of legumes into crop sequences and the reduction of tillage intensity are both proposed as agronomic practices to mitigate the soil degradation and negative impact of agriculture on the environment. However, the joint effects of these practices on nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from soil remain unclear, particularly concerning semiarid Mediterranean areas. In the frame of a long-term field experiment (23 years), a 2-year study was performed on the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) to evaluate the effects of the long-term use of no tillage (NT) compared to conventional tillage (CT) on yield and N2O and NH3 emissions from a Vertisol in a semiarid Mediterranean environment. Changes induced by the tillage system in soil bulk density, water filled pore space (WFPS), organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN), denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA), and bacterial gene (16S, amoA, and nosZ) abundance were measured as parameters potentially affecting N gas emissions. No tillage, compared with CT, significantly increased the faba bean grain yield by 23%. The tillage system had no significant effect on soil NH3 emissions. Total N2O emissions, averaged over two cropping seasons, were higher in NT than those in CT plots (2.58 vs 1.71 kg N2O-N ha-1, respectively; P < 0.01). In addition, DEA was higher in NT compared to that in CT (74.6 vs 18.6 μg N2O-N kg-1 h-1; P < 0.01). The higher N2O emissions in NT plots were ascribed to the increase of soil bulk density and WFPS, bacteria (16S abundance was 96% higher in NT than that in CT) and N cycle genes (amoA and nosZ abundances were respectively 154% and 84% higher in NT than that in CT). The total N2O emissions in faba bean were similar to those measured in other N-fertilized crops. In conclusion, a full evaluation of NT technique, besides the benefits on soil characteristics (e.g. TOC increase) and crop yield, must take into account some criticisms related to the increase of N2O emissions compared to CT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Badagliacca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Emilio Benítez
- Departamento de Protección Ambiental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Gaetano Amato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Badalucco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Dario Giambalvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Armando Laudicina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ruisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Feng J, Li F, Zhou X, Xu C, Ji L, Chen Z, Fang F. Impact of agronomy practices on the effects of reduced tillage systems on CH4 and N2O emissions from agricultural fields: A global meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196703. [PMID: 29782525 PMCID: PMC5962074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of no- and reduced tillage (NT/RT) on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission was highly variable and may depend on other agronomy practices. However, how the other practices affect the effect of NT/RT on GHG emission remains elusive. Therefore, we conducted a global meta-analysis (including 49 papers with 196 comparisons) to assess the effect of five options (i.e. cropping system, crop residue management, split application of N fertilizer, irrigation, and tillage duration) on the effect of NT/RT on CH4 and N2O emissions from agricultural fields. The results showed that NT/RT significantly mitigated the overall global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 and N2O emissions by 6.6% as compared with conventional tillage (CT). Rotation cropping systems and crop straw remove facilitated no-tillage (NT) to reduce the CH4, N2O, or overall GWP both in upland and paddy field. NT significantly mitigated the overall GWP when the percentage of basal N fertilizer (PBN) >50%, when tillage duration > 10 years or rainfed in upland, while when PBN <50%, when duration between 5 and 10 years, or with continuous flooding in paddy field. RT significantly reduced the overall GWP under single crop monoculture system in upland. These results suggested that assessing the effectiveness of NT/RT on the mitigation of GHG emission should consider the interaction of NT/RT with other agronomy practices and land use type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfei Feng
- China National Rice Research Institution, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengbo Li
- China National Rice Research Institution, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiyue Zhou
- China National Rice Research Institution, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunchun Xu
- China National Rice Research Institution, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long Ji
- China National Rice Research Institution, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongdu Chen
- China National Rice Research Institution, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuping Fang
- China National Rice Research Institution, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Badagliacca G, Benítez E, Amato G, Badalucco L, Giambalvo D, Laudicina VA, Ruisi P. Long-term effects of contrasting tillage on soil organic carbon, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions in a Mediterranean Vertisol under different crop sequences. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:18-27. [PMID: 29136531 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This 2-year study aimed to verify whether the continuous application of no tillage (NT) for over 20years, in comparison with conventional tillage (CT), affects nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from a Vertisol and, if so, whether such an effect varies with crop sequence (continuous wheat, WW and wheat after faba bean, FW). To shed light on the mechanisms involved in determining N-gas emissions, soil bulk density, water filled pore space (WFPS), some carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools, denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA), and nitrous oxide reductase gene abundance (nosZ gene) were also assessed at 0-15 and 15-30cm soil depth. Tillage system had no significant effect on total NH3 emissions. On average, total N2O emissions were higher under NT (2.45kgN2O-Nha-1) than CT (1.72kgN2O-Nha-1), being the differences between the two tillage systems greater in FW than WW. The higher N2O emissions in NT treatments were ascribed to the increased bulk density, WFPS, and extractable organic C under NT compared to CT, all factors that generally promote the production of N2O. Moreover, compared to CT, NT enhanced the potential DEA (114 vs 16μgNkg-1h-1) and nosZ gene abundance (116 vs 69 copy number mg-1 dry soil) in the topsoil. Finally, NT compared to CT led to an average annual increase in C stock of 0.70MgCha-1year-1. Though NT can increase the amount os soil organic matter so storing CO2 into soil, some criticisms related to the increase of N2O emission arise, thereby suggesting the need for defining management strategies to mitigate such a negative effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Badagliacca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, 89124 ReggioCalabria, Italy
| | - Emilio Benítez
- Departamento de Protección Ambiental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Gaetano Amato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Badalucco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Dario Giambalvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Armando Laudicina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ruisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen G, Kolb L, Cavigelli MA, Weil RR, Hooks CRR. Can conservation tillage reduce N 2O emissions on cropland transitioning to organic vegetable production? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:927-940. [PMID: 29111244 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas and a catalyst of stratospheric ozone decay. Agricultural soils are the source of 75% of anthropogenic N2O emissions globally. Recently, significant attention has been directed at examining effects of conservation tillage on carbon sequestration in agricultural systems. However, limited knowledge is available regarding how these practices impact N2O emissions, especially for organic vegetable production systems. In this context, a three-year study was conducted in a well-drained sandy loam field transitioning to organic vegetable production in the Mid-Atlantic coastal plain of USA to investigate impacts of conservation tillage [strip till (ST) and no-till (NT)] and conventional tillage (CT) [with black plastic mulch (CT-BP) and bare-ground (CT-BG)] on N2O emissions. Each year, a winter cover crop mixture (forage radish: Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus, crimson clover: Trifolium incarnatum L., and rye: Secale cereale L.) was grown and flail-mowed in the spring. Nearly 80% of annual N2O-nitrogen (N) emissions occurred during the vegetable growing season for all treatments. Annual N2O-N emissions were greater in CT-BP than in ST and NT, and greater in CT-BG than in NT, but not different between CT-BG and CT-BP, ST and NT, or CT-BG and ST. Conventional tillage promoted N mineralization and plastic mulch increased soil temperature, which contributed to greater N2O-N fluxes. Though water filled porosity in NT was higher and correlated well with N2O-N fluxes, annual N2O-N emissions were lowest in NT suggesting a lack of substrates for nitrification and denitrification processes. Crop yield was lowest in NT in Year 1 and CT-BP in Year 3 but yield-scaled N2O-N emissions were consistently greatest in CT-BP and lowest in NT each year. Our results suggest that for coarse-textured soils in the coastal plain with winter cover crops, conservation tillage practices may reduce N2O emissions in organic vegetable production systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Chen
- University of Maryland, Department of Entomology, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Lauren Kolb
- The City of Boulder's Open Space and Mountain Parks, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michel A Cavigelli
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Ray R Weil
- University of Maryland, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Cerruti R R Hooks
- University of Maryland, Department of Entomology, College Park, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang L, Wang C, Pan Z, Xu H, Gao L, Zhao P, Dong Z, Zhang J, Cui G, Wang S, Han G, Zhao H. N 2O emission characteristics and its affecting factors in rain-fed potato fields in Wuchuan County, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2017; 61:911-919. [PMID: 27913871 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Representing an important greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from cultivated land is a hot topic in current climate change research. This study examined the influences of nitrogen fertilisation, temperature and soil moisture on the ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) gene copy numbers and N2O emission characteristics. The experimental observation of N2O fluxes was based on the static chamber-gas chromatographic method. The ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) gene copy numbers in different periods were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results indicated that rain-fed potato field was a N2O source, and the average annual N2O emission was approximately 0.46 ± 0.06 kgN2O-N/ha/year. N2O emissions increased significantly with increase in fertilisation, temperatures below 19.6 °C and soil volumetric water content under 15%. Crop rotation appreciably decreases N2O emissions by 34.4 to 52.4% compared to continuous cropping in rain-fed potato fields. The significant correlation between N2O fluxes and AOB copy numbers implied that N2O emissions were primarily controlled by AOB in rain-fed potato fields. The research has important theoretical and practical value for understanding N2O emissions from rain-fed dry farmland fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuchuan, 011700, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Corn Research Institute of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Zhihua Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
- Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuchuan, 011700, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lin Gao
- School of Resources and Environmental, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Peiyi Zhao
- Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuchuan, 011700, China
- Institute of Resources Environmental and Detection Technology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Huhhot, 010031, China
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuchuan, 011700, China
| | - Jingting Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuchuan, 011700, China
| | - Guohui Cui
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuchuan, 011700, China
| | - Sen Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuchuan, 011700, China
| | - Guolin Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuchuan, 011700, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuchuan, 011700, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tu C, Li F. Responses of greenhouse gas fluxes to experimental warming in wheat season under conventional tillage and no-tillage fields. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 54:314-327. [PMID: 28391942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of warming on greenhouse gas (GHG, such as N2O, CH4 and CO2) feedbacks to climate change represents the major environmental issue. However, little information is available on how warming effects on GHG fluxes in farmland of North China Plain (NCP). An infrared warming simulation experiment was used to assess the responses of N2O, CH4 and CO2 to warming in wheat season of 2012-2014 from conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) systems. The results showed that warming increased cumulative N2O emission by 7.7% in CT but decreased it by 9.7% in NT fields (p<0.05). Cumulative CH4 uptake and CO2 emission were increased by 28.7%-51.7% and 6.3%-15.9% in both two tillage systems, respectively (p<0.05). The stepwise regressions relationship between GHG fluxes and soil temperature and soil moisture indicated that the supply soil moisture due to irrigation and precipitation would enhance the positive warming effects on GHG fluxes in two wheat seasons. However, in 2013, the long-term drought stress due to infrared warming and less precipitation decreased N2O and CO2 emission in warmed treatments. In contrast, warming during this time increased CH4 emission from deep soil depth. Across two years wheat seasons, warming significantly decreased by 30.3% and 63.9% sustained-flux global warming potential (SGWP) of N2O and CH4 expressed as CO2 equivalent in CT and NT fields, respectively. However, increase in soil CO2 emission indicated that future warming projection might provide positive feedback between soil C release and global warming in NCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fadong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Krauss M, Ruser R, Müller T, Hansen S, Mäder P, Gattinger A. Impact of reduced tillage on greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon stocks in an organic grass-clover ley - winter wheat cropping sequence. AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 239:324-333. [PMID: 28366969 PMCID: PMC5362153 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic reduced tillage aims to combine the environmental benefits of organic farming and conservation tillage to increase sustainability and soil quality. In temperate climates, there is currently no knowledge about its impact on greenhouse gas emissions and only little information about soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in these management systems. We therefore monitored nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes besides SOC stocks for two years in a grass-clover ley - winter wheat - cover crop sequence. The monitoring was undertaken in an organically managed long-term tillage trial on a clay rich soil in Switzerland. Reduced tillage (RT) was compared with ploughing (conventional tillage, CT) in interaction with two fertilisation systems, cattle slurry alone (SL) versus cattle manure compost and slurry (MC). Median N2O and CH4 flux rates were 13 μg N2O-N m-2 h-1 and -2 μg CH4C m-2 h-1, respectively, with no treatment effects. N2O fluxes correlated positively with nitrate contents, soil temperature, water filled pore space and dissolved organic carbon and negatively with ammonium contents in soil. Pulse emissions after tillage operations and slurry application dominated cumulative gas emissions. N2O emissions after tillage operations correlated with SOC contents and collinearly to microbial biomass. There was no tillage system impact on cumulative N2O emissions in the grass-clover (0.8-0.9 kg N2O-N ha-1, 369 days) and winter wheat (2.1-3.0 kg N2O-N ha-1, 296 days) cropping seasons, with a tendency towards higher emissions in MC than SL in winter wheat. Including a tillage induced peak after wheat harvest, a full two year data set showed increased cumulative N2O emissions in RT than CT and in MC than SL. There was no clear treatment influence on cumulative CH4 uptake. Topsoil SOC accumulation (0-0.1 m) was still ongoing. SOC stocks were more stratified in RT than CT and in MC than SL. Total SOC stocks (0-0.5 m) were higher in RT than CT in SL and similar in MC. Maximum relative SOC stock difference accounted for +8.1 Mg C ha-1 in RT-MC compared to CT-SL after 13 years which dominated over the relative increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Under these site conditions, organic reduced tillage and manure compost application seems to be a viable greenhouse gas mitigation strategy as long as SOC is sequestered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Krauss
- Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), 5070, Frick, Switzerland
- University of Hohenheim (340i), Institute of Crop Science, Fertilisation and Soil Matter Dynamics, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Reiner Ruser
- University of Hohenheim (340i), Institute of Crop Science, Fertilisation and Soil Matter Dynamics, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Torsten Müller
- University of Hohenheim (340i), Institute of Crop Science, Fertilisation and Soil Matter Dynamics, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sissel Hansen
- Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture (NORSØK), 6630, Tingvoll, Norway
| | - Paul Mäder
- Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Gattinger
- Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao X, Liu SL, Pu C, Zhang XQ, Xue JF, Zhang R, Wang YQ, Lal R, Zhang HL, Chen F. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions under no-till farming in China: a meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:1372-1384. [PMID: 26661415 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
No-till (NT) practices are among promising options toward adaptation and mitigation of climate change. However, the mitigation effectiveness of NT depends not only on its carbon sequestration potential but also on soil-derived CH4 and N2O emissions. A meta-analysis was conducted, using a dataset involving 136 comparisons from 39 studies in China, to identify site-specific factors which influence CH4 emission, CH4 uptake, and N2O emission under NT. Comparative treatments involved NT without residue retention (NT0), NT with residue retention (NTR), compared to plow tillage (PT) with residue removed (PT0). Overall, NT0 significantly decreased CH4 emission by ~30% (P < 0.05) compared to PT0 with an average emission 218.8 kg ha(-1) for rice paddies. However, the increase in N2O emission could partly offset the benefits of the decrease in CH4 emission under NT compared to PT0. NTR significantly enhanced N2O emission by 82.1%, 25.5%, and 20.8% (P < 0.05) compared to PT0 for rice paddies, acid soils, and the first 5 years of the experiments, respectively. The results from categorical meta-analysis indicated that the higher N2O emission could be mitigated by adopting NT within alkaline soils, for long-term duration, and with less N fertilization input when compared to PT0. In addition, the natural log (lnR) of response ratio of CH4 and N2O emissions under NT correlated positively (enhancing emission) with climate factors (temperature and precipitation) and negatively (reducing emission) with experimental duration, suggesting that avoiding excess soil wetness and using NT for a long term could enhance the benefits of NT. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the conditions favoring greenhouse gas(es) reductions is essential to achieving climate change mitigation and advancing food security in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sheng-Li Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chao Pu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian-Fu Xue
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu-Qiao Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fu Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang L, Pan Z, Xu H, Wang C, Gao L, Zhao P, Dong Z, Zhang J, Cui G, Wang S, Han G, Zhao H. The influence of nitrogen fertiliser rate and crop rotation on soil methane flux in rain-fed potato fields in Wuchuan County, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 537:93-99. [PMID: 26282743 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As one of the important greenhouse gases, the characteristics and principles of methane exchange characteristics in cultivated lands have become hot topics in current climate change research. This study examines the influences of nitrogen fertilisation, temperature and soil water content on methane exchange characteristic and methane exchange functional gene-pmoA gene abundance based on experimental observations of methane exchange fluxes using the static chamber-gas chromatographic method and measurements of methanotroph gene copy numbers in three growing periods by real-time PCR in rain-fed potato fields. The results indicate that the rain-fed potato fields were a CH4 sink with an average annual methane absorption (negative emission) of 940.8±103.2 g CH4-C/ha/year. The cumulative methane absorption first exhibited flat and subsequently increasing trend with the increase of nitrogen fertilisation from 0~135 kg N·ha(-1). Methane cumulative absorption significantly increased with the increase of temperature when temperatures were below 19.6 °C. Methane oxidation capacity (methanotroph pmoA gene copy numbers) showed an increasing and subsequently decreasing trend with the increase of soil moisture. Crop rotation was observed to increase the methane absorption in rain-fed potato fields and nearly one time higher than that under continuous cropping. A mechanism concept model of the methane exchange in rain-fed potato fields was advanced in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture Wuchuan 011700, China
| | - Zhihua Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture Wuchuan 011700, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lin Gao
- School of Resources and Environmental, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Peiyi Zhao
- Institute of Resources Environmental and Detection Technology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Huhhot 010031, China; Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture Wuchuan 011700, China
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture Wuchuan 011700, China
| | - Jingting Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture Wuchuan 011700, China
| | - Guohui Cui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture Wuchuan 011700, China
| | - Sen Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture Wuchuan 011700, China
| | - Guolin Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture Wuchuan 011700, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture Wuchuan 011700, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lubbers IM, van Groenigen KJ, Brussaard L, van Groenigen JW. Reduced greenhouse gas mitigation potential of no-tillage soils through earthworm activity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13787. [PMID: 26337488 PMCID: PMC4642549 DOI: 10.1038/srep13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns about rising greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations have spurred the promotion of no-tillage practices as a means to stimulate carbon storage and reduce CO2 emissions in agro-ecosystems. Recent research has ignited debate about the effect of earthworms on the GHG balance of soil. It is unclear how earthworms interact with soil management practices, making long-term predictions on their effect in agro-ecosystems problematic. Here we show, in a unique two-year experiment, that earthworm presence increases the combined cumulative emissions of CO2 and N2O from a simulated no-tillage (NT) system to the same level as a simulated conventional tillage (CT) system. We found no evidence for increased soil C storage in the presence of earthworms. Because NT agriculture stimulates earthworm presence, our results identify a possible biological pathway for the limited potential of no-tillage soils with respect to GHG mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M Lubbers
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, PO BOX 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kees Jan van Groenigen
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA
| | - Lijbert Brussaard
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, PO BOX 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem van Groenigen
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, PO BOX 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|