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Gharibi S, Shayesteh K. Evaluation of flow, supply, and demand for noise reduction in urban area, Hamadan in Iran. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303581. [PMID: 38900763 PMCID: PMC11189222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Noise pollution is one of the consequences of urbanization that can cause environmental disturbances in urban areas. Urban ecosystems provide noise reduction services through Urban Green infrastructures (UGIs). Many studies have been conducted to evaluate and model traffic noise, but none have addressed the flow, supply, and demand of noise reduction ecosystem services. The main purpose of this paper is to present a new methodology for estimating flow, supply, and demand for noise reduction in Hamadan city that has not been mentioned in any paper so far. UGIs were classified into six main categories: agricultural lands, gardens, parks, abandoned lands, single trees, and street trees. A total of 57 sampling stations for sound measurement were made in August 2018. The current map of noise pollution (flow) was created using the Kriging method. The amount of supply was measured up to a distance of 50 meters from the main roads based on two approaches (the distance effect and the sound barrier effect). To quantify the demand, the current sound intensity level in the noise-sensitive land uses was compared with standards. Zonal statistics was used for spatial analysis of supply-demand in the urban neighborhood as a working unit. Results showed that at distances of 5m, 10m, 15m, and 20m, the average noise reduction was found to be 1.61, 2.83, 3.92, and 5.33 dB, respectively. Sound barriers at distances of 5m and 10m resulted in an average sound reduction of 1.61 and 2.83 dB, respectively. Individual trees, strip trees, abandoned lands, parks, and gardens led to a decrease in traffic noise by 0.3, 1, 0.1, 3.5, and 4.5 dB, respectively. The clustering analysis revealed a significant spatial clustering of noise pollution in Hamedan. The results and new methodology of this research can be used in similar areas to estimate the supply and demand of noise reduction and also for decision-makers to take management actions to increase supply and meet the demand for noise reduction service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Gharibi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Kamran Shayesteh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Hamadan, Iran
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Wang H, Yan X, Chen J, Cai M. Urban noise exposure assessment based on principal component analysis of points of interest. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123134. [PMID: 38092340 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Accurate qualitative and quantitative information on the characteristics of traffic noise exposure in densely populated urban areas is an important prerequisite for reasonable traffic noise control. The primary objective of this study is the development and application of a traffic noise exposure evaluation method based on points of interest (POIs). First, an automatic query arithmetic is used to acquire geospatial information, POIs data, building and network information from the webmap. Second, the attribute matrix of preprocessed POIs for the population is constructed. And the population distribution is obtained by principal component analysis (PCA) of POIs and Gaussian decomposition of demographic data. Then, the modified traffic noise line-source model is applied to calculate the noise distribution considering attenuation among buildings based on measured traffic flow parameters. Finally, with the help of the proposed noise evaluation indicators, and considering the noise function requirements (NFRs, which can be divided into four classes according to different area land-use types), traffic noise evaluation is realized. The proposed method is applied to a typical region with four NFR classes. It is concluded that the characteristics of traffic noise exposure are affected by traffic conditions, buildings, NFR classes and population distribution. And the crowds exposed to noise present aggregation effects, which are usually centered around specific buildings. In addition, POI types which people actives related suffer more serious noise exposure, and exposure is overestimated at low requirement regions without considering crowd distribution of the setting scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiaolin Yan
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jincai Chen
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ming Cai
- School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
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Vílchez-Gómez R, Barrigón Morillas JM, Montes González D, Rey-Gozalo G. Drastic mobility restrictions during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an opportunity to learn about constraints on the way to a pollution-free city. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:122182-122199. [PMID: 37968483 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Road traffic is one of the main sources of pollution in modern cities. If there is a desire to move towards healthier cities, it may be necessary to modify the current model of mobility. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, together with the measures applied by most governments in the world to control the mobility of citizens, offered a unique opportunity to assess the changes in pollution levels after a drastic reduction in road traffic. In this study, air and noise pollution levels and road traffic flow were analyzed in the city of Cáceres, Spain, before and during the state of emergency imposed by the Spanish government. The values obtained were compared with the quality limits established by both the Spanish government and the World Health Organization (WHO). A traffic noise prediction model has been employed to evaluate the acoustic impact resulting from the reduction in traffic flow. As a result of this study, it was found that air pollution was indeed reduced due to the mobility restrictions imposed to control the pandemic, but that the WHO's recommendations for the values of the day-evening-night noise indicator (Lden) and the night-time noise indicator (Ln) for road traffic noise, which should not be exceeded, were not met. These findings highlight the need to review current urban mobility models if the WHO's recommendations are to be reached with regard to reducing the effects of exposure of the population to urban noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Acústica (Lambda)-Dpto. de Física Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Para El Desarrollo Territorial Sostenible (INTERRA), Escuela Politécnica-Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Universidad, S/N-10.003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas
- Laboratorio de Acústica (Lambda)-Dpto. de Física Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Para El Desarrollo Territorial Sostenible (INTERRA), Escuela Politécnica-Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Universidad, S/N-10.003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - David Montes González
- Laboratorio de Acústica (Lambda)-Dpto. de Física Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Para El Desarrollo Territorial Sostenible (INTERRA), Escuela Politécnica-Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Universidad, S/N-10.003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Rey-Gozalo
- Laboratorio de Acústica (Lambda)-Dpto. de Física Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Para El Desarrollo Territorial Sostenible (INTERRA), Escuela Politécnica-Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Universidad, S/N-10.003, Cáceres, Spain
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Girón S, Martel J, Galindo M, Herrera-Limones R. Building and environmental acoustics in obsolete residential neighbourhoods: The case of San Pablo, Spain. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19414. [PMID: 37809548 PMCID: PMC10558503 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to establish an agreement between the objectives of acoustic quality in the outdoor environment and the acoustic insulation in a building as required in the current legislation in Spain, the acoustic insulation of typical social housing has been studied in the residential neighbourhood of San Pablo in Seville. Field measurements based on acoustic sonometry have been performed in its public areas, together with the consultations to the strategic noise maps prepared by the administration of the city and with data from a questionnaire answered by neighbours on the perception of environmental and domestic noise. These inputs have enabled calculations of airborne and impact noise insulation in a typical dwelling of the neighbourhood. The neighbourhood presents various kinds of obsolescence, as do many residential estates built in Europe in the same period, mainly in terms of its low quality of construction and structural solutions, its energy poverty, and its typology. Results on acoustic insulation indicate that the requirements of current Spanish legislation have not been met, Dnt,A = 49 dBA, L'nT,w = 80 dB. However, thanks not only to the urban layout of the various types of housing blocks in the neighbourhood, but also to the breadth and abundance of green and common areas and to their roads, the existing environmental sound levels remain below the established limit: Ld < 60 dBA. Hence, the calculation for the external noise insulation in façades indicates that the requirements are met, D2m,nT,Atr = 33 dBA. In the acoustic survey, most people consider the environmental acoustic conditions of the neighbourhood to be acceptable or good and believe that they are barely affected by the domestic noise of next-door neighbours. The research found that social heritage neighbourhoods of the 1960s and 1970s, laid out with cul-de-sacs, curved layouts, and small pockets of parking, significantly improve their urban acoustic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Girón
- Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción (IUACC), Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - J. Martel
- Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción (IUACC), Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - M. Galindo
- Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción (IUACC), Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - R. Herrera-Limones
- Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción (IUACC), Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
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Nguyen T, Morinaga M. Effect of roadside trees on pedestrians' psychological evaluation of traffic noise. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1166318. [PMID: 37663361 PMCID: PMC10469599 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1166318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aims to investigate the interplay between roadside trees and pedestrians' assessment of traffic noise and comfort. The study examines the potential effects of visual and design elements of roadside trees on the overall soundscape comfort. Methods The study design involves a systematic exploration of different conditions, encompassing traffic volume, distance from sound source, and tree density. For each combination, two experimental scenarios are created: (1) participants experience a binaural sound recording exclusively, and (2) participants experience the same binaural recording while concurrently immersed in a virtual reality (VR) video. Results Analysis of participants' noise perception, measured using a quiet-noisy scale, reveals no significant disparity between conditions. This suggests that the mere presence of roadside trees does not necessarily lead to a perceived reduction in noise loudness. However, evaluation of sound intensity exposes a notable discrepancy between low and medium tree density levels. Furthermore, the study confirms the impact of roadside tree visibility, with scenes containing trees yielding more positive evaluations compared to sound-only scenarios. Remarkably, the absence of trees in the roadside scene garners consistent evaluations across both experimental conditions. Significantly, higher roadside tree density in conjunction with the combined sound and VR video condition prompts a more favorable assessment than the sound-only scenario. Discussion While the study indicates that roadside trees might not substantially mitigate perceived physical noise levels, their influence on the psychological well-being of urban inhabitants is considerable. The findings highlight that even though these trees may not overtly diminish noise, they hold substantial potential to enhance the overall comfort and well-being of city residents. This underscores the multifaceted benefits of integrating green spaces into urban design for improving the quality of urban soundscapes and residents' experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulan Nguyen
- Department of Architectural Design, Interdisciplinary Faculty of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Makoto Morinaga
- Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, Faculty of Architecture and Building Engineering, Kanagawa University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Van Renterghem T, Le Bescond V, Dekoninck L, Botteldooren D. Advanced Noise Indicator Mapping Relying on a City Microphone Network. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5865. [PMID: 37447714 DOI: 10.3390/s23135865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a methodology is presented for city-wide road traffic noise indicator mapping. The need for direct access to traffic data is bypassed by relying on street categorization and a city microphone network. The starting point for the deterministic modeling is a previously developed but simplified dynamic traffic model, the latter necessary to predict statistical and dynamic noise indicators and to estimate the number of noise events. The sound propagation module combines aspects of the CNOSSOS and QSIDE models. In the next step, a machine learning technique-an artificial neural network in this work-is used to weigh the outcomes of the deterministic predictions of various traffic parameter scenarios (linked to street categories) to approach the measured indicators from the microphone network. Application to the city of Barcelona showed that the differences between predictions and measurements typically lie within 2-3 dB, which should be positioned relative to the 3 dB variation in street-side measurements when microphone positioning relative to the façade is not fixed. The number of events is predicted with 30% accuracy. Indicators can be predicted as averages over day, evening and night periods, but also at an hourly scale; shorter time periods do not seem to negatively affect modeling accuracy. The current methodology opens the way to include a broad set of noise indicators in city-wide environmental noise impact assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Van Renterghem
- WAVES Research Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 126, B 9052 Gent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Valentin Le Bescond
- Joint Research Unit in Environmental Acoustics (UMRAE), Centre for Studies on Risks, Mobility, Land Planning and the Environment (CEREMA) and University Gustave Eiffel, F-44344 Bouguenais, France
| | - Luc Dekoninck
- WAVES Research Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 126, B 9052 Gent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Dick Botteldooren
- WAVES Research Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 126, B 9052 Gent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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Automated identification and assessment of environmental noise sources. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12846. [PMID: 36685460 PMCID: PMC9852937 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise pollution is one of the major health risks in urban life. The approach to measurement and identification of noise sources needs to be improved and enhanced to reduce high costs. Long measurement times and the need for expensive equipment and trained personnel must be automated. Simplifying the identification of main noise sources and excluding residual and background noise allows more effective measures. By spatially filtering the acoustic scene and combining unsupervised learning with psychoacoustic features, this paper presents a prototype system capable of automated calculation of the contribution of individual noise sources to the total noise level. Pilot measurements were performed at three different locations in the city of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Equivalent sound pressure levels obtained with the device were compared to the results obtained by manually marking individual parts of each of the three measurements. The proposed approach correctly identified the main noise sources in the vicinity of the measurement points.
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Rendón J, Murillo Gómez DM, Colorado HA. Useful tools for integrating noise maps about noises other than those of transport, infrastructures, and industrial plants in developing countries: Casework of the Aburra Valley, Colombia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 313:114953. [PMID: 35367679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of environmental noise in developing countries is conditioned by characteristics that are not only linked to transport, infrastructures, and industrial plants in the annuity (common representation in noise maps), but also to other types of sources and periodicities that can influence significantly in noise levels. For this reason, this work proposes different temporal analyzes during the annuity that can be linked to the noisy activities typical of developing tropical countries. To do this, a noise monitoring network composed of seven monitors representing different sources present in the Aburrá Valley (AV) in Colombia is analyzed with measurements of LAeq, every hour, in a period between August 2016 and July 2019. The results show that AV noise is strongly influenced by leisure activities related to high-power sound systems, different celebrations, and continuous noise from car traffic that affect the population mainly on weekends and nights. This work marks a clear path to precisely address noise pollution in the action plans of developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeiser Rendón
- CCComposites Laboratory, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 N°. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | | | - Henry A Colorado
- CCComposites Laboratory, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 N°. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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Urban Traffic Noise Mapping Using Building Simplification in the Panyu District of Guangzhou City, China. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14084465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study constructed an urban traffic noise map (including road and railway traffic noises) of the Panyu District in Guangzhou City by combining field measurement and numerical modeling methods. This noise map was then used to identify the area covered by different noise quality levels and the compliance rate of traffic noise in various acoustic environment functional areas throughout the day, night and day–night. The results showed that traffic noise pollution along the traffic arteries was severe. The area with heavy noise pollution was as large as 157.5 km2 (29.72%) and 146.2 km2 (27.59%) in the day and night, respectively. The total area of the Panyu District that complied with the noise limit in the day and night was 326.5 km2 (61.62%) and 87.2 km2 (16.46%), respectively. The outcomes of the current efforts can provide new technical guidelines for novel construction and analysis methods for large scale urban traffic noise mapping.
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Zamorano-González B, Pena-Cardenas F, Velázquez-Narváez Y, Parra-Sierra V, Vargas-Martínez JI, Monreal-Aranda O, Ruíz-Ramos L. Traffic Noise Annoyance in the Population of North Mexico: Case Study on the Daytime Period in the City of Matamoros. Front Psychol 2021; 12:657428. [PMID: 34108913 PMCID: PMC8180601 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.657428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The presence of noise in urban environments is rarely considered a factor that causes damage to the environment. The primary generating source is transportation means, with vehicles being the ones that affect cities the most. Traffic noise has a particular influence on the quality of life of those who are exposed to it and can cause health alterations ranging from annoyance to cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to describe the relationship between the traffic noise level and the perceived annoyance in the inhabitants of a city on the Northern Border of Mexico. The work carried out in a city represents the vulnerability characteristics: economic, social, and migratory of its sizable portion of the inhabitants. Due to that, it is impossible to identify precisely the number of residents as the number of vehicles in circulation. Methods: The streets and avenues with an annual average daily traffic of more than 1,000 vehicles were considered for the measurement of traffic noise. The equipment used was a vehicle gauge with non-invasive speed radar; type I integrating sound level meters, with their respective gauges and tripods. A questionnaire was applied to people living within 250 m of the streets and avenues in which the noise was measured. Results: The noise measurement found a parameter of LAeq estimated for 12 h during the day, exceeding 70 dBA. The data received from the questionnaire were statistically tested by using Pearson's correlation tests. A total number of 2,350 people were participated, of whom 1,378 were women (58.6%) and 972 were men (41.4%). The age of participants is ranged from 18 to 75 years. The overall perception of traffic noise annoyance identified that 1,131 participants (48.1%) responded “Yes” as they considered the noise annoying. Participants who responded “No” as well as those who responded “Do not know” resulted in a total of 1,219 people (51.9%). Conclusion: The results show that the population is desensitized to traffic noise and does not perceive it as an annoyance. The flow of vehicles and the type of vehicles are the significant factors for the propagation and increase in the traffic noise levels. Women present a considerable appreciation of traffic noise perception instead of younger people who demonstrate a higher tolerance to high-level exposure. This reflects the lack of information of the population around the noise problem and its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito Zamorano-González
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Matamoros, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Pena-Cardenas
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Matamoros, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Velázquez-Narváez
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Matamoros, Mexico
| | - Víctor Parra-Sierra
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Matamoros, Mexico
| | | | - Oscar Monreal-Aranda
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Matamoros, Mexico
| | - Lucía Ruíz-Ramos
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Matamoros, Mexico
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Wosniacki GG, Zannin PHT. Framework to manage railway noise exposure in Brazil based on field measurements and strategic noise mapping at the local level. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143721. [PMID: 33229078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rail freight transport has grown worldwide and in Brazil as well, which increases people's exposure to railway noise. A promising tool to manage it is Strategic Noise Mapping (SNM), which has advanced around the world favoring a common and more accurate calculation method that requires more accurate measurements. This paper presents a framework to manage railway noise exposure in Brazil based on a case study carried out in the city with the longest stretches of railway tracks in urban areas. Background noise due to road traffic and train pass-by noise levels were measured for knowledge of noise sources and SNM calibration. Background noise predicted by the CNOSSOS-EU (Road) method reached an accuracy within ±2 dB(A) and was overestimated by the NMPB-96 method. The combination with railway noise using the SRM II and ISO 9613 calculation methods maintained the aforementioned accuracy, while the current best fit CNOSSOS-EU (Railway and Industry) configuration for the study area overestimated it. Although the study area is a quiet suburb, a quarter of its population is exposed to road traffic noise levels above those recommended by WHO, and more than 40% are affected by rail noise that is 5 dB(A) or higher than the background noise. The elimination of level crossings (LC) and the need to sound the train horn is more cost-effective than noise barriers. Therefore, the strategy to manage exposure to rail noise in Brazil should involve altering residential zoning of non-built-up areas next to the railways to repurpose them for other land uses and/or establish acoustic performance criteria for new buildings; federal government investing in reducing the number of LC or railway variants; and railway operators investing in the creation of an emission database for noise control at the source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Gustavo Wosniacki
- Laboratory of Environmental and Industrial Acoustics and Acoustic Comfort, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil.
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12
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Montes González D, Barrigón Morillas JM, Rey Gozalo G, Godinho L. Evaluation of exposure to road traffic noise: Effects of microphone height and urban configuration. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110055. [PMID: 32805250 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Noise pollution is a major environmental problem due to its impact on human health and implications for other spheres of society. Since road traffic is the main source of noise pollution, the use of measurement methodologies to accurately determine the environmental noise levels to which the façades of buildings in cities are exposed is an important issue. This paper presents an experimental study in urban environments that uses different configurations to evaluate the influence of the position of the microphone and the parking lanes on the levels of road traffic noise to which the population is exposed. In urban settings in which sound waves propagate without obstacles between the lanes of traffic and the receivers, broadband results for the differences between noise levels measured by microphones placed at heights of 4.0 and 1.5 m showed a significant increase with an increase in the distance between the microphone and sound source of between -0.8 and 0.9 dBA over a range from 2 to 8 m. This difference between the two microphones was greater at points where a lane of parked vehicles was located between the road traffic lanes and the receivers were placed near the façades of building. At the same heights, the broadband difference in sound levels ranged from 2.7 to 4.5 dBA. This acoustic shielding effect due to the presence of parked vehicles started to be relevant in the 250 Hz band and increased progressively with frequency. Taking into account these experimental results and the recommendations in the European Noise Directive, it would be important to apply corrections to sound indicators for road traffic noise that are related to the height of the microphone. Making a distinction between urban configurations with and without lines of parked vehicles between the microphone and the road traffic lanes would be advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Montes González
- ISISE, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade de Coimbra, Luis Reis Dos Santos 290, Coimbra, Portugal; INTERRA, Lambda, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Rey Gozalo
- INTERRA, Lambda, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Luís Godinho
- ISISE, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade de Coimbra, Luis Reis Dos Santos 290, Coimbra, Portugal
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Shearston JA, Johnson AM, Domingo-Relloso A, Kioumourtzoglou MA, Hernández D, Ross J, Chillrud SN, Hilpert M. Opening a Large Delivery Service Warehouse in the South Bronx: Impacts on Traffic, Air Pollution, and Noise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093208. [PMID: 32380726 PMCID: PMC7246477 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mott Haven, a low-income neighborhood in New York City, suffers from increased air pollution and accommodates several industrial facilities and interstates. In 2018, a large delivery service warehouse opened. Our objectives are to characterize black carbon (BC), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and noise in the community; model changes in traffic due to the facility opening; and estimate associated BC and noise changes. BC, PM2.5, and noise were measured at eight sites pre-opening, and traffic counted continuously at two sites (June 2017–May 2019). An interrupted time series model was used to determine facility-related changes in traffic. Post-opening changes in traffic-related BC/noise were estimated from regressions of BC/noise with traffic flow. Mean (SD) pre-warehouse measures of BC and PM2.5 were 1.33 µg/m3 (0.41) and 7.88 µg/m3 (1.24), respectively. At four sites, equivalent sound levels exceeded the EPA’s recommended 70 dBA limit. After the warehouse opening, traffic increased significantly, predominantly at night. At one site, the greatest change for trucks occurred 9PM-12AM: 31.7% (95%CI [23.4%, 40.6%]). Increased traffic translated into mean predicted increases of 0.003 µg/m3 (BC) and 0.06 dBA (noise). Though small, they negate the substantial decrease the community seeks. Our findings can help communities and policymakers better understand impacts of traffic-intensive facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni A. Shearston
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.A.S.); (A.D.-R.); (M.-A.K.)
| | | | - Arce Domingo-Relloso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.A.S.); (A.D.-R.); (M.-A.K.)
| | - Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.A.S.); (A.D.-R.); (M.-A.K.)
| | - Diana Hernández
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - James Ross
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA; (J.R.); (S.N.C.)
| | - Steven N. Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA; (J.R.); (S.N.C.)
| | - Markus Hilpert
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.A.S.); (A.D.-R.); (M.-A.K.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Montes González D, Barrigón Morillas JM, Rey Gozalo G, Godinho L. Effect of parking lanes on assessing the impact of road traffic noise on building façades. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109299. [PMID: 32135357 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of strategic noise maps as a means for estimating population exposure to environmental noise and defining action plans to mitigate its effects on human health has become a reality since the publication of the European Noise Directive. In this context, it is known that some differences can be found between the values obtained for sound indicators through simulation and measurements due to different causes. One of these factors is the presence of elements in urban environments not currently considered in calculation methods but certainly present in validation measurements. This paper presents an assessment of the acoustic shielding effect due to parked vehicles on urban streets using computational methods. First of all, a process of validation of the software model by means of different simulation methods and in situ measurements was carried out. Then, a study was developed varying different variables related to urban planning and noise modelling, as well as considering different typologies of real streets according to a categorisation method. Broadband results show that this shielding effect can be significant in common configurations in urban environments, even to receiver heights of 4 m considered as a reference in strategic noise maps. The magnitude of this effect varied depending on the distances between the building façade, parked vehicles and sound sources, as well as the receiver height. Differences up to 4 dBA in sound levels were found in several configurations between situations without and with cars parked at 4 m, although in some specific cases it reached up to 8 dBA. Therefore, results of this study indicated that parking lane shielding effect should be considered in calculations and validation measurements for strategic noise maps in order to obtain an adequate estimation of population exposure to road traffic noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Montes González
- Lambda, INTERRA, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain; ISISE, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade de Coimbra, Luis Reis dos Santos 290, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Guillermo Rey Gozalo
- Lambda, INTERRA, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Luís Godinho
- ISISE, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade de Coimbra, Luis Reis dos Santos 290, Coimbra, Portugal
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Nyarubeli IP, Tungu AM, Bråtveit M, Sunde E, Kayumba AV, Moen BE. Variability and Determinants of Occupational Noise Exposure Among Iron and Steel Factory Workers in Tanzania. Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 62:1109-1122. [PMID: 30113644 PMCID: PMC6231025 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxy071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Machines, processes, and tasks in the iron and steel factories may produce noise levels that are harmful to hearing if not properly controlled. Studies documenting noise exposure levels and related determinants in sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania are lacking. The aim of this study was to document noise exposure and to identify determinants of noise exposure with a view to establishing an effective hearing conservation programme. Methods A walk-through survey was conducted to describe the working environment in terms of noise sources in four metal factories (A–D) in Tanzania. Noise measurements were conducted by both personal, full-shift noise measurements (8 h) using dosimeters and area measurements (10-s measurements) using a sound level meter. A total of 163 participants had repeated personal noise measurements (Factory A: 46 participants, B: 43, C: 34, and D: 40). Workers were randomly selected and categorized into 13 exposure groups according to their job. Linear mixed effects models were used to identify significant determinants of noise exposure in the furnace section and the rolling mill section. Results The average personal noise exposure in the four factories was 92.0 dB(A) (range of job group means; 85.4–96.2 dB(A)) (n = 326). Personal exposure was significantly higher in the rolling mill section (93.0 dB(A)) than in the furnace section (89.6 dB(A)). Among the job groups, the cutters located in the rolling mill section had the highest noise exposure (96.2 dB(A)). In the furnace section, furnace installation (below the ground floor), manual handling of raw materials/billets/crowbars, and billet weighing/transfer were significant determinants explaining 40% of the total variance in personal noise exposure. In the rolling mill section, the size of the cutting machine, steel billet weight and feeding re-heating furnace explained 46% of the total variance in personal noise exposure. The mean noise level of the area measurements was 90.5 dB(A) (n = 376). Conclusion Workers in the four iron and steel factories in Tanzania were exposed to average noise of 92.0 dB(A), without using hearing protection, implying a high risk of developing hearing loss. Task and factory level determinants were identified in the furnace and the rolling mill sections of the plant, which can inform noise control in factories with similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel P Nyarubeli
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania
| | - Alexander M Tungu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania
| | - Magne Bråtveit
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erlend Sunde
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Akwilina V Kayumba
- Occupational Safety and Health Authority (OSHA), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Bente E Moen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Simulation and Analysis of Road Traffic Noise among Urban Buildings Using Spatial Subdivision-Based Beam Tracing Method. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142491. [PMID: 31336914 PMCID: PMC6679167 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to realize the simulation and evaluation of road traffic noise among urban buildings, a spatial subdivision-based beam-tracing method is proposed in this study. First, the road traffic source is divided into sets of point sources and described with the help of vehicle emission model. Next, for each pair of source and receiver, spatial subdivision-based beam-tracing method is used in noise paths generation. At last, noise distribution can be got by noise calculation of all receivers considering the complex transmission among urban buildings. A measurement experiment with a point source is carried out to validate the accuracy of the method; the 0.8 m height and 2.5-m height average errors are about 0.9 dB and 1.2 dB, respectively. Moreover, traffic noise analysis under different building layouts and heights are presented by case applications and conclusions can be reached: (1) Different patterns result in different noise distributions and patterns designed as self-protective can lead to an obvious noise abatement for rear buildings. Noise differences between the front and rear buildings are about 7–12 dB with different patterns. (2) Noise value might not show a linear variation along with the height as shielding of different layers is various in reality.
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Abstract
Due to the particular characteristics of hospitals, these buildings are highly sensitive to environmental noise. However, they are usually located close or within urban agglomerations. Hence, hospitals are, in many cases, exposed to high levels of environmental noise. A study of one of the main hospitals in the Extremadura region (Spain) is presented here to allow a global assessment of the acoustic impact of outdoor sound sources. Both long- and short-term measurements were carried out, and a software model was developed. The measured values exceed the World Health Organisation reference value of 50 dBA for daytime and evening, and are even higher than the 55 dBA limit at which severe annoyance is generated. Taking into account the results obtained, the noise impact on this hospital is primarily influenced by three sound sources: road traffic, cooling towers of the hospital and the emergency helicopter. Their relative importance depends on the facade under consideration. It can therefore be concluded that the overall situation of the hospital needs to be improved. Thus, a series of solutions are proposed for a possible action plan based on interventions regarding the main sound sources and the location of the most sensitive areas to environmental noise.
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18
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The Public Health Impact of Road-Traffic Noise in a Highly-Populated City, Republic of Korea: Annoyance and Sleep Disturbance. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10082947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable transportation is an essential part of a sustainable city; however, modern transportation systems with internal-combustion engines emits unacceptably high level of air-pollutants and noise. It is recognized widely that road-traffic noise has negative health impacts (such as annoyance and sleep disturbance) on exposed population in highly-populated cities. These harmful effects should be removed or at least reduced to guarantee the sustainability of modern cities. The estimation of pollutant levels at a specific location and the extent of the damage is therefore important for policy makers. This study presents a procedure to determine the levels of road-traffic noise at both day and night, and an assessment of the adverse health effects across Gwangju Metropolitan City (GMC), Republic of Korea (ROK). Road-traffic noise maps in 2-D and 3-D were generated, in order to find spatial distribution of noise levels across the city and noise level at the façade of a building-floor, respectively. The adoption of existing assessment models for the highly-annoyed (%HA) and highly-sleep-disturbed (%HSD) leads to building-based estimation of the affected population and spatial distribution of the road networks of the city. Very high noise levels were found to exist along major roads in the day and at night, with little difference between them. As a result, approximately 10% and 5% of the total population (n = 1,471,944) were estimated to experience high-level annoyance and sleep disturbance, respectively.
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Rey Gozalo G, Barrigón Morillas JM, Montes González D, Atanasio Moraga P. Relationships among satisfaction, noise perception, and use of urban green spaces. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:438-450. [PMID: 29268216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Rey Gozalo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 5 Poniente 1670, 3460000 Talca, Chile.
| | - Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - David Montes González
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Pedro Atanasio Moraga
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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Wang H, Cai M, Yao Y. A modified 3D algorithm for road traffic noise attenuation calculations in large urban areas. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 196:614-626. [PMID: 28360011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study is the development and application of a 3D road traffic noise attenuation calculation algorithm. First, the traditional empirical method does not address problems caused by non-direct occlusion by buildings and the different building heights. In contrast, this study considers the volume ratio of the buildings and the area ratio of the projection of buildings adjacent to the road. The influence of the ground affection is analyzed. The insertion loss due to barriers (infinite length and finite barriers) is also synthesized in the algorithm. Second, the impact of different road segmentation is analyzed. Through the case of Pearl River New Town, it is recommended that 5° is the most appropriate scanning angle as the computational time is acceptable and the average error is approximately 3.1 dB. In addition, the algorithm requires only 1/17 of the time that the beam tracking method requires at the cost of more imprecise calculation results. Finally, the noise calculation for a large urban area with a high density of buildings shows the feasibility of the 3D noise attenuation calculation algorithm. The algorithm is expected to be applied in projects requiring large area noise simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation System, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Traffic Environmental Monitoring and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Cai
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation System, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Traffic Environmental Monitoring and Control, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yifan Yao
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation System, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Traffic Environmental Monitoring and Control, Guangzhou, China
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Rey Gozalo G, Barrigón Morillas JM. Perceptions and effects of the acoustic environment in quiet residential areas. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 141:2418. [PMID: 28464684 DOI: 10.1121/1.4979335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many cities have historical areas clearly distinguished from the rest because of the architecture, urban planning, and functionality. In many cases, these aspects give one the possibility of finding a characteristic acoustic environment and also developing quiet areas. Through an examination of sound levels and surveys, the perception of residents and passers-by concerning the acoustic environment of the old town of Cáceres and its relation with the characteristics of the urban environment were analysed. In addition, the perception and the effects of noise pollution of low intensity were studied. The results indicate that absence of daytime noise is the most influential environmental characteristic on the overall perception of the urban environment studied, even surpassing the feeling of security. The absence of daytime noise was also the most valued characteristic of the urban environment according to respondents. The most annoying noise source proved to be the road traffic. However, for similar levels of sound exposure, the percentages of people who were annoyed and whose sleep was disturbed were lower than those found in previous studies. Bells and birds, both soundmarks of the soundscape of this urban environment, were among the most annoying to passers-by.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Rey Gozalo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 5 Poniente 1670, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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