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Wang Y, Sha Y, Ren Z, Huang Y, Gao Q, Wang S, Li X, Feng G. Conservative strip tillage system in maize maintains high yield and mitigates GHG emissions but promotes N 2O emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:173067. [PMID: 38723964 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Optimizing N application under straw-covered strip tillage is of great significance to the rational utilization of stover resources as well as ensure food and ecosystem security, and especially N2O emissions from agricultural systems. Quantifying N2O emissions and even the carbon footprint (CF) from agricultural systems is crucial for future protecting agricultural production systems. A two-year field experiment was conducted on black soil in Northeast China, which set up two tillage systems: strip tillage with straw returning (ST) and conventional tillage (control: CT) without straw and three nitrogen rates: 0, farmers' practice (Nfp 240 kg hm-2), and optimized nitrogen fertilizer (Nopt 180 kg hm-2). We examined the characteristics of N2O emissions and CF under the ST and CT systems. Among them, we indirectly calculated GHG emissions using the LCA method. Compared with CT, the ST system significantly reduces indirect GHG emissions, but did significantly increase direct cumulative N2O emissions by 20.7 %, most likely because the higher soil residual nitrate nitrogen content, WFPS, and soil temperature under ST was 13.0 %, 2 % and 5.7 % higher than that under CT. Nopt treatment markedly reduced cumulative N2O emissions by 36.0 %, CFarea, CFyield, and CFNPV by 22.4 %, 23.1 %, and 23.5 % in ST, respectively, compared to Nfp. The reduction in energy use of machinery in ST results in lower fuel consumption and thus generating less CF. What's more, the decrease of CFyield and CFNPV between nitrogen application treatments under ST was 5.2 % and 7.7 % higher than CT, respectively. ST system can effectively achieve higher grain yield and mitigate GHG emissions on black soil in Northeast China compared with CT, but attention should be paid to N2O emissions in the soil during the maize growth period. The sustainability of balancing GHG emissions, and economic and environmental benefits can be achieved by optimizing nitrogen fertilizer manage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in Jilin Province, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Ye Sha
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zizi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in Jilin Province, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Yiwen Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in Jilin Province, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in Jilin Province, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in Jilin Province, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China.
| | - Guozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in Jilin Province, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China.
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Jat HS, Kakraliya M, Mukhopadhyay R, Kumar S, Choudhary M, Sharma PC. Conservation agriculture works as a catalyst for sustainable sodic soil reclamation and enhances crop productivity and input use efficiency: A scientific inquiry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120811. [PMID: 38608572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Soil sodicity is a growing concern for crop growth and development in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Conservation agriculture (CA) provides an effective solution towards reclamation of degraded sodic lands and enhance the crop productivity. A field experiment was carried out to assess the sodic soil reclamation potential of CA based management practices including zero tillage, legume (mungbean; Mb) rotation, residue (+R) mulch, and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) for three years under rice-wheat (RW) system. The system scenarios (Sc) comprised of multiple indicators to measure their impact on soil properties as well as system productivity, profitability, water and nitrogen use efficiency. The results indicated that soil pHs under Sc5-Sc8 (CA-based SDI scenarios) was significantly (p < 0.05) lowered by 2.16, 2.16 and 1.33% compare with mean of Sc1 and Sc2 (CT-based system; 9.10, 8.29 and 8.14) at all three soil layers (0-5, 5-15 and 15-30 cm), respectively. Similarly, the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was lowered by 2.9, 11.2 and 14.9% under CA-based scenarios with residue management compared with CT-based system (mean of Sc1 and Sc2; 15.2, 17.2 and 28.6%) during the study. The concentration of extractable anions (COЗ2‾, HCOЗ‾, Cl‾) decreased notably whereas, soil organic carbon and soil solution cations (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+) concentration were increased under CA based management SDI plots. In addition, CA with SDI scenarios (mean of Sc5-Sc8) proved to be more productive and water-efficient than CA-based flood irrigation (FI; mean of Sc3 and Sc4). Moreover, CA-based FI and SDI scenarios saved 29.5 and 60.7% irrigation water, and improved the partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) by 6.8 and 24.4%, respectively compared to CT-R (conventional tillage without residue) based Sc1. Therefore, CA practices can potentially reduce sodicity and improve soil chemical properties for profitable crop cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanuman Sahay Jat
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India; ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, India.
| | - Manish Kakraliya
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India; ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, India.
| | - Raj Mukhopadhyay
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Satyendra Kumar
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Madhu Choudhary
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India.
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Hurtado J, Velázquez E, Lassaletta L, Guardia G, Aguilera E, Sanz-Cobena A. Drivers of ammonia volatilization in Mediterranean climate cropping systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122814. [PMID: 37898427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is the major source of nitrogen (N) loss resulting from the application of synthetic and organic N fertilizers to croplands. It is well known that in Mediterranean cropping systems, there is a relationship between the intrinsic characteristics of the climate and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, but whether the same relation exists for NH3 emissions remains uncertain. Here, we estimated the impact of edaphoclimatic conditions (including meteorological conditions after N fertilization), crop management factors, and the measurement technique on both the cumulative emissions and the NH3 emission factor (EF) in Mediterranean climate zones, drawing on a database of 234 field treatments. We used a machine learning method, random forest (RF), to predict volatilization and ranked variables based on their importance in the prediction. Random forest had a good predictive power for the NH3 EF and cumulative emissions, with an R2 of 0.69 and 0.76, respectively. Nitrogen fertilization rate (N rate) was the top-ranked predictor variable, increasing NH3 emissions substantially when N rate was higher than 170 kg N ha-1. Soil pH was the most important edaphoclimatic variable, showing greater emissions (36.7 kg NH3 ha-1, EF = 19.3%) when pH was above 8.2. Crop type, fertilizer type, and N application method also affected NH3 emission patterns, while water management, mean precipitation, and soil texture were ranked low by the model. Our results show that intrinsic Mediterranean characteristics had only an indirect effect on NH3 emissions. For instance, relatively low N fertilization rates result in small NH3 emissions in rainfed areas, which occupy a very significant surface of Mediterranean agricultural land. Overall, N fertilization management is a key driver in reducing NH3 emissions, but additional field factors should be studied in future research to establish more robust abatement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Hurtado
- CEIGRAM-Chemistry and Food Technology, ETSI Agronómicas, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Velázquez
- Instituto Universitario de Gestión Forestal Sostenible, Universidad de Valladolid & INIA, 34004, Palencia, Spain; Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004, Palencia, Spain
| | - Luis Lassaletta
- CEIGRAM-Agricultural Production, ETSI Agronómicas, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Guardia
- CEIGRAM-Chemistry and Food Technology, ETSI Agronómicas, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Aguilera
- CEIGRAM-Chemistry and Food Technology, ETSI Agronómicas, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Sanz-Cobena
- CEIGRAM-Chemistry and Food Technology, ETSI Agronómicas, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Center for Landscape Research in Sustainable Agricultural Futures (Land-CRAFT), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Zuo S, Wu D, Du Z, Xu C, Tan Y, Bol R, Wu W. Mitigation of soil N 2O emissions by decomposed straw based on changes in dissolved organic matter and denitrifying bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167148. [PMID: 37730058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The return of decomposed straw represents a less explored potential option for reducing N2O emissions. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of decomposed straw return on soil N2O mitigation are still not fully clear. Therefore, we used a helium atmosphere robotized continuous flow incubation system to compare the soil N2O and N2 emissions from four treatments: CK (control: no straw), WS (wheat straw), IWS (wheat straw decomposed with Irpex lacteus), and PWS (wheat straw decomposed with Phanerochaete chrysosporium). All the treatments have been fertilized with the same amount of KNO3. Furthermore, we also analyzed i) the chemodiversity of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM), ii) the nirS, nirK, and nosZ gene copies and relative abundances of denitrifying bacterial communities (DBCs), and iii) the specific linkages between N2O emissions and DOM and DBC. The results showed that the WS, IWS and PWS treatments increased N2O emissions compared to the CK treatment. However, applying decomposed straw to soil, especially straw treated with P. chrysosporium, effectively decreased the soil N2O and increased N2 emissions compared to WS and IWS. Moreover, the IWS and PWS treatments increased the CHO composition, but they decreased the CHON and CHOS compositions of heteroatomic compounds of DOM compared with the WS and CK treatments. Furthermore, the WS, IWS and PWS treatments all significantly increased the nirS and nosZ gene copies compared with the CK treatment. Additionally, compared with the other treatments, the PWS treatment significantly shaped the DBC and led to a higher relative abundance of Pseudomonas with nirS and nosZ genes. Meanwhile, Network analysis showed that the mitigation of N2O was closely related to particular DOM molecules, and specific DBC taxa. These results highlight the potential for decomposed straw amendments to mitigate of soil N2O emissions not only by changing soil DOM but also mediating the soil DBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Zuo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Di Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhangliu Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuncheng Xu
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuechen Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Roland Bol
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; School of Natural Sciences, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Wenliang Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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de Oliveira AD, Ribeiro FP, Figueiredo CCD, Muller AG, Vitoria Malaquias J, Santos ILD, Sá MACD, Soares JPG, Santos MVAD, Carvalho AMD. "Effects of soil management, rotation and sequence of crops on soil nitrous oxide emissions in the Cerrado: A multi-factor assessment". JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119295. [PMID: 37827072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), one of the main greenhouse gases, which contributes significantly to global warming, is a major challenge in modern agriculture. The effects of land use systems on N2O emissions are the result of multiple variables, whose interactions need to be better understood. In this sense, this study analyzed the possible effects of different soil managements, crop rotations and sequences, as well as edaphoclimatic factors causing N2O emissions from soils in the Cerrado biome (scrubland). The following four land-use systems were evaluated: 1) No-tillage cultivation with biennial crop rotations and sequences: legume-grass and alternating grass-legume crops in the second season - NT-SS/MP; 2) No-tillage with biennial rotations and sequences: grass-legume and alternating second crop of legume-grass - NT-MP/SS; 3) Conventional planting with disc harrow and biennial legume-grass rotation-CT-S/M; and 4) Native Cerrado (CE), no agricultural land use. The legume and grass species, planted in the two no-tillage treatments were soybean, followed by sorghum BRS3.32 (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) (SS), and maize, followed by pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) (MP). Nitrous oxide emissions were evaluated for 25 months (October 2013 to October 2015), and the results were grouped in annual, total, growing and non-growing seasons, as well as yield-scaled N2O emissions. The mean N2O fluxes were 24.14, 15.71, 32.49 and 1.87 μg m-2 h-1 in the NT-SS/MP, NT-MP/SS, CT-S/M and Cerrado areas respectively. Cumulative N2O fluxes over the total evaluation period from the systems NT-SS/MP, NT-MP/SS, CT-S/M and CE, respectively, were 3.47, 2.29, 4.87 and 0.26 kg ha-1. A correlation between N2O fluxes and the environmental variables was observed, with the exception of water-filled pore space (WFPS), but N2O peaks were associated with WFPS values of >65%. In the 2014-2015 growing season, yield-scaled N2O emissions from NT-MP/SS were lower than from CT-S/M. A multi-factor approach indicated that conventional management with main season soybean or maize and no alternating crop sequence intensifies soil N2O emissions in the Cerrado.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Artur Gustavo Muller
- Embrapa Cerrados, BR 020, Km 18, CEP. 08223 - 73310 - 970, Planaltina, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Isis Lima Dos Santos
- Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro - 70910-900 - Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Du Z, Dou W, Lin D, Qin L, An Y, Chen H, Wu L, Mou L. Do tillage systems affect the cadmium threshold in farmland soil for environmental quality standard setting? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160816. [PMID: 36496029 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tillage systems may change the cadmium (Cd) threshold of farmland soil. However, there have been few studies on this topic. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the influence of tillage systems on Cd threshold. The study conducted 2-year field experiments under different tillage systems (early rice-fallow, early rice-late rice and early rice-vegetable) at three typical Cd-polluted sites in China. The species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method was used to construct the SSD curves for the calculation of the Cd threshold by analyzing the experimental data. The sensitivity analysis results based on the SSD curves revealed that the sensitivities to Cd in rice varieties under the same tillage system were substantially different but almost the same under different tillage systems. These results can help select rice varieties with low Cd sensitivity for crop safety. Different tillage systems at the same site varied in their influence on Cd threshold values. Cd threshold values under early rice-late rice (e.g., 0.27, 0.28 mg/kg in Xiangtan City) and early rice-vegetable (e.g., 0.26, 0.31 mg/kg in Xiangtan City) tillage systems were roughly lower than that under the early rice-fallow tillage system (e.g., 0.33, 0.35 mg/kg in Xiangtan City). Notably, the influence of tillage systems resulted in Cd threshold values being generally lower than the Cd risk screening values of the current Chinese soil environmental quality standard. Analysis of the influence of different tillage systems on the Cd threshold is beneficial for the optimization of farmland soil environmental quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Du
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Weiqiang Dou
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dasong Lin
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Li Qin
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Yi An
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Hongan Chen
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Liyan Mou
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
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Fernández-Ortega J, Álvaro-Fuentes J, Cantero-Martínez C. The use of double-cropping in combination with no-tillage and optimized nitrogen fertilization reduces soil N 2O emissions under irrigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159458. [PMID: 36265622 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The irrigation systems of the Ebro valley can lead to high N2O emissions. The effects that crop diversification, such as double-cropping in combination with conservation tillage and different N fertilizer ratios, has on soil N2O emissions have not been extensively studied in this region. The goal of this research was to measure N2O soil emissions and determine the tillage practices and N fertilization rates that provide the lowest emissions when combined with double-cropping systems. The work compared monocropping maize (MC) versus legume-maize double-cropping (DC) with two tillage systems (conventional tillage, CT; and no-tillage, NT), and three mineral N fertilization rates (zero, medium and high). Pea for grain (2019), vetch for green manure (2020), and vetch for forage (2021) were the legumes employed. The N2O emissions ranged from 0 to 15.5 mg N2O-N m-2 d-1 and were concentrated in the fertilization periods. Soil temperature and water filled pore space (WFPS) content significantly influenced soil N2O emissions. For both cropping systems, the conditions with the highest N2O emissions were soil temperatures above 20 °C and a WFPS of 50-60 %. The use of legumes facilitated reduced N fertilization in DC without affecting crop yield and led to reduced N2O emissions in this cropping system. DC reduced the emission factor (EF), which in all cases was lower than the default IPCC EF (1 %). With DC, a medium N fertilization rate produced similar yields to the high rate commonly applied by farmers, and also entailed lower N2O emissions. The no-tillage system, although producing higher levels of N2O, achieved lower yield-scaled N2O emissions due to greater crop yields. This work underlines the advantages of using double-cropping no-tillage systems combined with medium rates of N fertilization to reduce soil N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Fernández-Ortega
- Crop and Forest Sciences Dpt., Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes
- Soil and Water Dpt., Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avd. de Montañana, 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Cantero-Martínez
- Crop and Forest Sciences Dpt., Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Ingraffia R, Amato G, Ruisi P, Giambalvo D, Frenda AS. Early sowing can boost grain production by reducing weed infestation in organic no-till wheat. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:6246-6254. [PMID: 35491936 PMCID: PMC9790624 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conservative tillage techniques have several agro-ecological benefits for organic farming. The application of these techniques, however, can create quite a few challenges due to the increased weed competition. Here, we report the results of an organic field experiment in which the responses of wheat and weeds to no tillage (NT) were evaluated compared with conventional tillage (CT). We also tested the hypothesis that, under NT, moving up the sowing date, compared with using the ordinary sowing date for the study area, can result in increased competitiveness of the crop against weeds. Two wheat genotypes, a modern variety and an ancient landrace, were tested. RESULTS Substantial reductions in grain yield and protein content were observed in wheat under NT than under CT when the ordinary sowing date was used. This was mainly due to the considerable increase in weed biomass under NT. The tillage system also altered the composition of weed flora, with some species favored under NT and others under CT. In general, early sowing mitigated the detrimental effect of NT on yield. The two genotypes responded differently to the treatments. The early sowing in the modern variety reduced but did not eliminate the advantages of CT over NT, whereas no appreciable differences in grain yield were observed between CT and NT in the landrace. CONCLUSION Our results show clearly that, under organic management, using NT alone as a substitute for CT is not agronomically feasible. Moving up the sowing date and using a competitive genotype can help mitigate the negative effects of NT, but surely a more effective application of NT could be achieved by acting simultaneously on other factors of the cropping management system (e.g. crop rotation, fertilization strategy, type of seeder). © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosolino Ingraffia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Gaetano Amato
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Paolo Ruisi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Dario Giambalvo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Alfonso S Frenda
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
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Yang T, Lupwayi N, Marc SA, Siddique KH, Bainard LD. Anthropogenic drivers of soil microbial communities and impacts on soil biological functions in agroecosystems. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Machado PVF, Farrell RE, Deen W, Voroney RP, Congreves KA, Wagner-Riddle C. Contribution of crop residue, soil, and fertilizer nitrogen to nitrous oxide emissions varies with long-term crop rotation and tillage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:145107. [PMID: 33550054 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is an important contributor to N2O emissions - a potent greenhouse gas - with high peaks occurring when soil mineral nitrogen (N) is high (e.g., after mineralization of organic N and N fertilizer application). Nitrogen dynamics in soil and consequently N2O emissions are affected by crop and soil management practices (e.g., crop rotation and tillage), an effect mostly assessed in the literature through comparisons of total N2O emission. Hence, information is scarce on the effect of these management practices on specific N sources affecting N2O emissions (i.e., N fertilizer, soil, above and belowground crop residues) - a knowledge gap explored in this study with the use of 15N tracers. The isotope approach enabled refinement on global N2O budget by directly determining the emission factors (EF) of above and belowground crop residues that vary in chemical composition and comparison with default EF values (e.g., IPCC EFs). Our experiment was conducted over the full-cycle of long-term crop rotations to (i) compare N2O totals and intensity, under no-tillage and conventional tillage, simple and diverse rotation; (ii) partition total N2O emissions into soil, N fertilizer, above and belowground crop residue N sources; (iii) compare the 12-month EF of crop residue against the default values proposed by IPCC (2019). For the tillage effect, annual N2O emissions were from 1.2- to 2.0-times higher on CT than NT soil due to 40% increased soil N derived N2O emission in CT. The diversified crop rotation emitted 1.3-times higher N2O than the simple rotation over the full-cycle of the rotations, but the effect was due to differences in N fertilizer rate between the rotations since emissions were equivalent when scaled by N rate. Finally, our results suggested that default IPCC EF are overestimated for crop residues under CT and NT, simple and diverse rotations as measured EFs never surpassed 0.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard E Farrell
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - William Deen
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - R Paul Voroney
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Katelyn A Congreves
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Claudia Wagner-Riddle
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
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Yang Y, Tong Y, Gao P, Htun YM, Feng T. Evaluation of N 2O emission from rainfed wheat field in northwest agricultural land in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43466-43479. [PMID: 32415454 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The net greenhouse gas (NGHG) emissions and net greenhouse gas intensity (NGHGI) were investigated via the determination of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission in loess soil under rainfed winter wheat monocropping system during 3 years of field study in Northwest China. Five treatments were carried out: control (N0), conventional nitrogen (N) application (NCon), optimized N application with straw (SNOpt), optimized N application with straw and 5% of dicyanodiamide (SNOpt + DCD), and optimized N rate of slow release fertilizer with straw (SSRFOpt). Over a 3-year period, the NGHG emissions were achieved 953, 1322, 564, and 1162 kg CO2-eq ha-1, simultaneously, and the NGHGI arrived 158, 223, 86, and 191 kg CO2-eq t-1 grain in NCon, SNOpt, SNOpt + DCD, and SSROpt grain, respectively. Contrasted with conventional farming system, optimized farming methods reduced 32% of N fertilizer use without significant decrease in grain yield, but brought about 38% increase in N2O emissions, up to 28% gained in soil CH4 uptake. Thus, it was observed that the straw incorporation performs noticeable increased in N2O emissions in the winter wheat cropping season. Among the optimized N fertilizer rates compared with the SNOpt treatment, the SNOpt +DCD and SSROpt treatments decreased in N2O emissions by approximately 55% and 13%, respectively. Additionally, the N2O emission factor across over a 3-year period was 0.41 ± 0.08% derived from N fertilizer, and it was half of IPCC default values for upland corps. It is expected possibly due to low precipitation and soil moisture with the monocropping system. The 25% higher in the amount of rainfall (almost 300 mm in 2013-2014) during a cropping season underwent into 1-2-fold increase in N2O emissions from N-fertilized plots. As the statistical differences among annual cumulative emissions coincided with that during winter wheat growing season, it can be concluded that crop growing season is a vital important period for the determination of N2O emissions from under rainfed monocropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yan'an Tong
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Yin Min Htun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Tao Feng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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12
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Li Y, Li Z, Chang SX, Cui S, Jagadamma S, Zhang Q, Cai Y. Residue retention promotes soil carbon accumulation in minimum tillage systems: Implications for conservation agriculture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:140147. [PMID: 32563000 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crop residue retention and minimum tillage (including no-tillage, NT, and reduced tillage, RT) are common conservation tillage practices that have been extensively applied for improving soil health and reducing the negative environmental impact caused by intensive farming. However, the effects of minimum tillage, coupled with crop residue retention (including no-tillage plus residue retention, NTR, and reduced tillage plus residue retention, RTR), on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock have not been systematically analyzed. Using a dataset consisting of 1928 pairs of data points from 243 studies, we conducted a global meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of crop residue retention and minimum tillage on SOC stock in the 0-30 cm soil and how these effects varied with soil (soil sampling depth and texture), environmental (climate) and crop management conditions (cropping intensity), as well as treatment duration. We found that regardless of the climatic condition, crop management, or residue retention, minimum tillage alone increased the overall mean SOC stock. Specifically, NT and RT increased SOC stock by 11 and 6%, respectively, in comparison to conventional tillage (CT). Compared with CT, NTR and RTR increased SOC stock by 13 and 12%, respectively. The above effects were greater in the topsoil (62% of data points from the 0-15 cm depth) than in the subsoil (38% of data points from the 15-30 cm depth). Moreover, residue retention enhanced the resistance of SOC turnover to agricultural and environmental factors; mean annual temperature (coefficient = 0.15), soil pH (0.14), and experimental duration (0.08) were critical for increasing SOC stock with minimum tillage alone, while the response ratio of SOC stock under coupled residue retention and minimum tillage was insensitive to changes in those factors. Additionally, double cropping generally increased SOC stock cross all conservation tillage practices compared to multiple cropping. Therefore, we conclude that minimum tillage coupled with residue retention in a double-cropping system is the most promising management system for increasing SOC stocks in the 0-30 cm soil in croplands Our finding can inform sustainable soil management practices aimed at increasing resistance of SOC in croplands to climate change and soils degradation induced by intensive agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Zhou Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Song Cui
- School of Agribusiness and Agriscience, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Sindhu Jagadamma
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Qingping Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China.
| | - Yanjiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Badagliacca G, Benítez E, Amato G, Badalucco L, Giambalvo D, Laudicina VA, Ruisi P. Long-term no-tillage application increases soil organic carbon, nitrous oxide emissions and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) yields under rain-fed Mediterranean conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:350-359. [PMID: 29791887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of legumes into crop sequences and the reduction of tillage intensity are both proposed as agronomic practices to mitigate the soil degradation and negative impact of agriculture on the environment. However, the joint effects of these practices on nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from soil remain unclear, particularly concerning semiarid Mediterranean areas. In the frame of a long-term field experiment (23 years), a 2-year study was performed on the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) to evaluate the effects of the long-term use of no tillage (NT) compared to conventional tillage (CT) on yield and N2O and NH3 emissions from a Vertisol in a semiarid Mediterranean environment. Changes induced by the tillage system in soil bulk density, water filled pore space (WFPS), organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN), denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA), and bacterial gene (16S, amoA, and nosZ) abundance were measured as parameters potentially affecting N gas emissions. No tillage, compared with CT, significantly increased the faba bean grain yield by 23%. The tillage system had no significant effect on soil NH3 emissions. Total N2O emissions, averaged over two cropping seasons, were higher in NT than those in CT plots (2.58 vs 1.71 kg N2O-N ha-1, respectively; P < 0.01). In addition, DEA was higher in NT compared to that in CT (74.6 vs 18.6 μg N2O-N kg-1 h-1; P < 0.01). The higher N2O emissions in NT plots were ascribed to the increase of soil bulk density and WFPS, bacteria (16S abundance was 96% higher in NT than that in CT) and N cycle genes (amoA and nosZ abundances were respectively 154% and 84% higher in NT than that in CT). The total N2O emissions in faba bean were similar to those measured in other N-fertilized crops. In conclusion, a full evaluation of NT technique, besides the benefits on soil characteristics (e.g. TOC increase) and crop yield, must take into account some criticisms related to the increase of N2O emissions compared to CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Badagliacca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Emilio Benítez
- Departamento de Protección Ambiental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Gaetano Amato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Badalucco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Dario Giambalvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Armando Laudicina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ruisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Wu L, Liu X, Fang Y, Hou S, Xu L, Wang X, Fu P. Nitrogen cycling in the soil-plant system along a series of coral islands affected by seabirds in the South China Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:166-175. [PMID: 29426138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen (N) utilization strategy of plants has become a topic of interest within the field of phytoecology. However, few studies have considered N cycling on coral island ecosystems from the perspective of their evolution. The aim of this study was to test the impacts of biological transport by seabirds, on the sources and uses of N by plants, and pathways of N cycling in soil-plant ecosystems on coral islands. A series of eight coral islands were investigated, five of which were affected to a varying extent by seabirds. The total phosphorus (TP) concentration from avian sources and the δ15N values of total nitrogen (TN) and inorganic nitrogen (IN: NH4+-N, and NO3--N), δ18O of NO3--O, in soils were determined, as well as proxies in plant leaves of two dominant plant species, including TN, the carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N), and δ13C and δ15N values. The results show that, with an increase of TP, the TN and IN content, and δ15N values in soils all increased. Plant C/N and δ15N values decreased and increased, respectively, as the soil N content increased. When the TN content of the soil was low, the δ15N value in plant leaves was similar to that in soil NO3-, but was much lower than that in soil NH4+. When the soil TN content was high, the δ15N values were similar. Both plants and soil were probably N-limited prior to seabird colonization, with the N source on the barren coral islands originating primarily from atmospheric deposition. With seabird guano input and subsequent pedogenesis, the source of N switched to guano. Under these conditions, most of the N utilized by plants originated from NH4+, while nitrate is dominant for non-seabirds islands. Seabird activities have played a key role in the N dynamics of soil-plant ecosystems at coral islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Wu
- Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Yunting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Shengjie Hou
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Liqiang Xu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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