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Bassoli SC, Sanson AL, Naves FL, Amaral MDS. Hydrothermal co-liquefaction of microalgae, sugarcane bagasse, brewer's spent grain, and sludge from a paper recycling mill: Modeling and evaluation of biocrude and biochar yield. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120626. [PMID: 38518491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Biomass can be used as an energy source to thermochemical conversion processes to biocrude production. However, the supply and dependence on only one biomass for biocrude production can be an obstacle due to its seasonality, availability, and logistics costs. In this way, biomass waste and agroindustrial residues can be mixture and used as feedstock to the hydrothermal co-liquefaction (co-HTL) process as an alternative to obtaining biocrude. In this sense, the present paper analyzed the biocrude yield influence of the co-HTL from a quaternary unprecedented blend of different biomasses, such as sugarcane bagasse, brewer's spent grain (BSG), sludge from a paper recycling mill (PRM), and microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris). In this way, a simplex lattice design was employed and co-HTL experiments were carried out in a 2000 mL high-pressure stirred autoclave reactor under 275 °C for 60 min, considering 15% of feedstock/water ratio. Significant effects in each feedstock and their blends were analyzed aiming to increase biocrude and biochar yield. It was found that the addition of microalgae is only significant when considered more than 50% into the blend with BSG and PRM sludge to increase biocrude yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cangussú Bassoli
- Environmental and Chemical Technology Group, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro Do Cruzeiro, Bauxita s/n, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Ananda Lima Sanson
- Environmental and Chemical Technology Group, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro Do Cruzeiro, Bauxita s/n, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Luiz Naves
- Department in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Sao Joao Del Rei, Ouro Branco, Research Group on Waste Treatment and Management Processes, Brazil
| | - Mateus de Souza Amaral
- Environmental and Chemical Technology Group, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro Do Cruzeiro, Bauxita s/n, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Brazil.
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2
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Zaki M, Rowles LS, Adjeroh DA, Orner KD. A Critical Review of Data Science Applications in Resource Recovery and Carbon Capture from Organic Waste. ACS ES&T ENGINEERING 2023; 3:1424-1467. [PMID: 37854077 PMCID: PMC10580293 DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Municipal and agricultural organic waste can be treated to recover energy, nutrients, and carbon through resource recovery and carbon capture (RRCC) technologies such as anaerobic digestion, struvite precipitation, and pyrolysis. Data science could benefit such technologies by improving their efficiency through data-driven process modeling along with reducing environmental and economic burdens via life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA), respectively. We critically reviewed 616 peer-reviewed articles on the use of data science in RRCC published during 2002-2022. Although applications of machine learning (ML) methods have drastically increased over time for modeling RRCC technologies, the reviewed studies exhibited significant knowledge gaps at various model development stages. In terms of sustainability, an increasing number of studies included LCA with TEA to quantify both environmental and economic impacts of RRCC. Integration of ML methods with LCA and TEA has the potential to cost-effectively investigate the trade-off between efficiency and sustainability of RRCC, although the literature lacked such integration of techniques. Therefore, we propose an integrated data science framework to inform efficient and sustainable RRCC from organic waste based on the review. Overall, the findings from this review can inform practitioners about the effective utilization of various data science methods for real-world implementation of RRCC technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed
T. Zaki
- Wadsworth
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Lewis S. Rowles
- Department
of Civil Engineering and Construction, Georgia
Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30458, United States
| | - Donald A. Adjeroh
- Lane
Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Kevin D. Orner
- Wadsworth
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
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3
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Yu D, Guo J, Meng J, Sun T. Biofuel production by hydro-thermal liquefaction of municipal solid waste: Process characterization and optimization. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 328:138606. [PMID: 37023903 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The significant growth of the global population, as well as the increase in energy demand and the limitations of energy generation from fossil fuels, have become a serious challenge over the world. To address these challenges, renewable energies like biofuels are recently found as a proper alternative to conventional fuels. Although biofuel production by using various techniques such as hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is considered one of the most promising methods to provide energy, the challenges correlated to its progression and development are still striking. In this investigation, the HTL method was employed to produce biofuel from municipal solid waste (MSW). In this regard, the effect of various parameters such as temperature, reaction time and waste-to-water ratio on mass and energy yield were assessed. It should be stressed that the optimization of biofuel production has been accomplished by the Box-Behnken method using Design Expert 8 software. Based on the results, biofuel production has an upward trend by increasing temperature to 364.57 °C and reaction time to 88.23 min Whereas, there is an inverse relationship between the biofuel waste-to-waterater ratio, in both the context of mass and energy yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Yu
- School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Demand Side Multi-Energy Carriers Optimization and Interaction Technique (China Electric Power Research Institute), Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Junxia Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Demand Side Multi-Energy Carriers Optimization and Interaction Technique (China Electric Power Research Institute), Beijing, China.
| | - Tianyi Sun
- School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China.
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4
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Wei Y, Fakudze S, Yang S, Zhang Y, Xue T, Han J, Chen J. Synergistic citric acid-surfactant catalyzed hydrothermal liquefaction of pomelo peel for production of hydrocarbon-rich bio-oil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159235. [PMID: 36208756 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Citric acid showed good performance of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass waste via promoting the depolymerization of macromolecules. The synergistic effects of citric acid-surfactants/solid catalysts in the low-temperature (200 °C) catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of pomelo peel (PP) were studied for the first time. It turned out that citric acid-surfactants promoted the conversion of pomelo peel to bio-oil with a higher yield (26.10-67.72 wt%), higher heating value (17.79-24.77 MJ/kg) and energy yield (33.53-114.11 %), while citric acid-solid catalysts were more conducive to the formation of gas and other products. FT-IR and GC-MS analysis testified that citric acid-surfactants increased the selectivity of hydrocarbons from 49.99 % to 74.19 %. Additionally, the chemical functional groups of bio-oil were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR, indicating that the highest aliphatic content of bio-oils was 89.67 %. Moreover, citric acid-surfactant more environmentally friendly for low temperature liquefaction of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyuan Wei
- Laboratory of Advanced Environmental & Energy Materials, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Sandile Fakudze
- Laboratory of Advanced Environmental & Energy Materials, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China; Department of Environmental Science, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Shilong Yang
- Advanced Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Environmental & Energy Materials, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Tianjiao Xue
- Laboratory of Advanced Environmental & Energy Materials, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Jiangang Han
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Jianqiang Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Environmental & Energy Materials, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
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Phenol Liquefaction of Waste Sawdust Pretreated by Sodium Hydroxide: Optimization of Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227880. [PMID: 36431979 PMCID: PMC9697756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a two-step method was used to realize the liquefaction of waste sawdust under atmospheric pressure, and to achieve a high liquefaction rate. Specifically, waste sawdust was pretreated with NaOH, followed by liquefaction using phenol. The relative optimum condition for alkali-heat pretreatment was a 1:1 mass ratio of NaOH to sawdust at 140 °C. The reaction parameters including the mass ratio of phenol to pretreated sawdust, liquefaction temperature, and liquefaction time were optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal conditions for phenol liquefaction of pretreated sawdust were a 4.21 mass ratio of phenol to sawdust, a liquefaction temperature of 173.58 °C, and a liquefaction time of 2.24 h, resulting in corresponding liquefied residues of 6.35%. The liquefaction rate reached 93.65%. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze untreated waste sawdust, pretreated sawdust, liquefied residues, and liquefied liquid. SEM results showed that the alkali-heat pretreatment and liquefaction reactions destroyed the intact, dense, and homogeneous sample structures. FT-IR results showed that liquefied residues contain aromatic compounds with different substituents, including mainly lignin and its derivatives, while the liquefied liquid contains a large number of aromatic phenolic compounds. XRD showed that alkali-heat pretreatment and phenol liquefaction destroyed most of the crystalline regions, greatly reduced the crystallinity and changed the crystal type of cellulose in the sawdust.
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Optimization Study on Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Malaysian Macroalgae Chaetomorpha sp. for Phenolic-Rich Bio-Oil Production. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15113974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are several methods of biomass conversion, including hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The implementation of microwave technology in the HTL process is still new, especially on the conversion of marine biomass into bio-crude. In this work, the macroalgae Chaetomorpha sp. was used as the biomass feedstock to produce phenolic-rich bio-oil through microwave-assisted HTL. Chaetomorpha sp. was abundantly found in Malaysia, creating a green tides issue. By utilizing these algae, the green tide issue can be solved and value-added bio-oil is obtained. However, bio-oil from macroalgae has a relatively low heating value, restricting its fuel application. Therefore, it is suggested to be used for bio-polymer synthesis, including bio-based phenol formaldehyde. In this study, the effect of different parameters, such as reaction temperature, preloaded pressure, water-to-algal biomass ratio, and holding time, on both the bio-oil yield and phenolic yield was evaluated. Folin–Ciocalteu method was introduced as the phenolic determination method and the optimal conditions were located by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). As a results, an optimal biodiesel yield and phenolic yield of 21.47 wt% and 19.22 wt% Gallic Acid Equivalent was obtained at a reaction temperature of 226 °C, 42 bar preloaded pressure and 30:1 water-to-algal biomass ratio after 79 min. Sensitivity analysis also concluded that the water-to-algal biomass ratio is the most influential factor, followed by the preloaded pressure. The FTIR spectrum of the bio-oil produced indicated the presence of different functional group of compounds. In short, Chaetomorpha sp. has been successfully converted into valuable bio-oil through microwave-assisted HTL.
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Abstract
The presence of inorganic salts either as part of the substrate or added to the reaction medium are known to significantly affect the reaction pathways during hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) of biomass. This work aims to understand the influence of salts on hydrothermal carbonisation by processing cellulose in the presence of one or more inorganic salts with different valency. Batch experiments and Differential Scanning Calorimetry were used to investigate the change in reaction pathways during hydrothermal conversion. The effect of salts on the rate of HTC of cellulose can be correlated with the Lewis acidity of the cation and the basicity of the anion. The effect of the anion was more pH-dependent than the cation because it can protonate during the HTC process as organic acids are produced. The introduction of salts with Lewis acidity increases the concentration of low molecular weight compounds in the process water. The addition of a second salt can influence the catalytic effect of the first salt resulting in greater levulinic acid yields at the expense of hydrochar formation. Salts also play an important role in cellulose dissolution and can be used to modify the yield and composition of the hydrochars.
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Sahoo A, Saini K, Jindal M, Bhaskar T, Pant KK. Co-Hydrothermal Liquefaction of algal and lignocellulosic biomass: Status and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125948. [PMID: 34571330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) effectively converts biomass to biofuels, thereby limiting the endless reliance on petroleum products derived from fossil fuels. However, the conversion is based on individual feedstock in the HTL process. In order to, further boost the conversion, HTL can be done by blending various feedstock, mainly algal and lignocellulosic biomass. Bibliometric analysis was carried out, and it was observed that there have been very few studies on Co-Hydrothermal Liquefaction (Co-HTL). There still exist several crucial gaps in process optimization when co-reactants are used due to their synergistic effects. The reaction kinetics and mechanism, catalyst screening and by-products application require further studies. Therefore, R&D is necessary to optimize the process to completely utilize the complementarity of the feedstocks under study resulting in better quality of products which require minor/ no upgradation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Komal Saini
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Meenu Jindal
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Kamal K Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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9
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Szpunar M, Ostrowski R, Trzepieciński T, Kaščák Ľ. Central Composite Design Optimisation in Single Point Incremental Forming of Truncated Cones from Commercially Pure Titanium Grade 2 Sheet Metals. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133634. [PMID: 34209927 PMCID: PMC8269636 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is an emerging process that is well-known to be suited for fabrication in small series production. The aim of this paper was to determine the optimal input parameters of the process in order to minimise the maximum of both the axial and the in-plane components of the forming force achieved during SPIF and the surface roughness of the internal surface of truncated-cone drawpieces. Grade 2 pure titanium sheets with a thickness of 0.4 mm were used as the test material. The central composite design and response surface method was used to determine the number of experiments required to study the responses through building a second-order quadratic model. Two directions of rotation of the forming tool were also considered. The input parameters were spindle speed, tool feed rate, and step size. The mathematical relations were defined using the response surfaces to predict the surface roughness of the drawpieces and the components of the forming force. It was found that feed rate has an insignificant role in both axial and in-plane forming forces, but step size is a major factor affecting axial and radial forming forces. However, step size directly affects the surface roughness on the inner surfaces of the drawpieces. Overall, the spindle speed −579 rpm (clockwise direction), tool feed 2000 mm/min, and step size 0.5 mm assure a minimisation of both force components and the surface roughness of drawpieces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Szpunar
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powst. Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Robert Ostrowski
- Department of Materials Forming and Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powst. Warszawy 8, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Trzepieciński
- Department of Materials Forming and Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powst. Warszawy 8, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ľuboš Kaščák
- Institute of Technology and Material Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Mäsiarska 74, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
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Hong C, Wang Z, Si Y, Li Z, Xing Y, Hu J, Li Y. Preparation of bio-oils by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of penicillin fermentation residue (PR): Optimization of conditions and mechanistic studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143216. [PMID: 33213924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate factors influencing the yield of bio-oil from the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process of penicillin fermentation residue (PR). The reaction mechanism of the HTL was also studied. The hydrolysis of organic compounds in PR was enhanced, and the bio-oil yield increased with an increase of temperature. When the temperature rose from 280 °C to 320 °C, the yield of bio-oil decreased due to condensation and pyrolysis. Both the residence time and total solid content had effects on the bio-oil yield. The predicted values from the RSM model was in good agreement with the experimental values. Optimized conditions showed that the predicted value of the highest bio-oil yield was 25.91 wt%. The optimized reaction conditions were as follows: reaction temperature was 300 °C, residence time was 174 min, and total solid content was 18 wt%. The bio-oil was analyzed by GC-MS, and showed that it consisted mainly of hydrocarbons, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, and oxygen-containing compounds. Finally, the formation mechanism of these components and their possible reaction paths are presented and discussed. The results will provide useful guidance for regulating the characteristics of antibiotic residues, and realizing their further utilization as a chemical feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hong
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Coal and Syngas Conversion, Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanxiao Si
- Institute of Ground engineering, Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zaixing Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yi Xing
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiashuo Hu
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Yang J, Hong C, Xing Y, Zheng Z, Li Z, Zhao X, Qi C. Research progress and hot spots of hydrothermal liquefaction for bio-oil production based on bibliometric analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:7621-7635. [PMID: 33398733 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass used HTL reaction under high temperature and pressure to produce bio-oil. This technology is considered as one of the most promising converting technology of biomass to biofuels. This paper summarized current research developments of HTL for bio-oil and analyzed its reaction mechanism and influencing factors based on bibliometric analysis. The results showed that reaction conditions and catalyst have been still global researching focuses about HTL. Compared with homogeneous catalysts, the study of HTL by using heterogeneous catalyst developed more quickly. With promotion of resource recovering, food waste, sludge, and other organic waste can also be used as raw materials for HTL for bio-oil now. The structure of this paper was shown in graphic abstract. Firstly, bibliometric analysis was conducted on hydrothermal liquefaction for bio-oil production. According to the emergency frequency of key words, catalyst, microalgae, reaction conditions, and biomass waste as raw material for hydrothermal liquefaction were determined as four parts of the paper. Finally, we speculated the development trend of hydrothermal liquefaction for bio-oil production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chen Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yi Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zixuan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zaixing Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Xiumei Zhao
- North China Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 050015, China
| | - Chenhao Qi
- Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Tianjin, 301830, China
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12
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Yadav P, Reddy SN. Hydrothermal liquefaction of Fe-impregnated water hyacinth for generation of liquid bio-fuels and nano Fe carbon hybrids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 313:123691. [PMID: 32580120 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, hydrothermal liquefaction experiments of iron impregnated water hyacinth were performed with a motive to enhance bio-oil yields along with generation of nanometal carbon hybrids. Iron nanoparticles were impregnated and its metal loading was determined by ICP-MS. The impact of operating parameters like temperature, biomass to water ratio and reaction time on bio-oil yields was studied. During hydrothermal liquefaction a maximum total bio-oil yield of 38.1% was obtained at 280 °C along with formation of nanometal carbon hybrids. The light oil and heavy oil fractions were characterized by GCMS and NMR for determining the key components. The light oil mainly comprises of alkanes, alcohols and esters whereas heavy oil contains esters, ethers, carboxylic acids and phenols. XRD and XPS of Fe-impregnated water hyacinth and residues confirmed the transition of Fe+3/+2 to Fe0. TEM analysis resulted an average particle size of Fe nanoparticles around 19.6 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sivamohan N Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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13
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Chen J, Li S. Characterization of biofuel production from hydrothermal treatment of hyperaccumulator waste (Pteris vittata L.) in sub- and supercritical water. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2160-2169. [PMID: 35494570 PMCID: PMC9048656 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09410e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, hyperaccumulator waste, i.e., Pteris vittata L. was converted into bio-oil, biogas and biochar via sub- and supercritical hydrothermal liquefaction processes. These products were characterized in terms of EI/MS, FTIR, TGA and GC to understand their chemical composition, thermal decomposition, structural properties and high biofuel reactivity. Characterization results revealed that the dominant chemical components in the heavy bio-oil were esters (40.22%), phenols (20.02%), alcohols (10.16%), organic acids (9.07%), nitrogenous compounds (8.83%) and ketones/aldehydes (6.42%), while the light oil was rich with a higher fraction of phenols (54.13%) and nitrogenous compounds (27.04%). Particularly, bio-oils obtained from supercritical conditions contained increased phenolic compounds and reduced oxygenated chemicals such as alcohols, aliphatic acid, ketones and aldehydes, suggesting the improved quality of bio-oil due to the reduction in oxygen contents. Meanwhile, H2-rich syngas production with the H2 yield of 38.87% was obtained at 535 °C for 20 min, and higher reaction temperature presented a positive influence on H2 production during Pteris vittata L. liquefaction. Moreover, the remaining biochar product was analyzed to determine whether it could be used as a direct solid fuel or auxiliary fuel. This study provided full exploitation of this feedstock waste in energy and valuable chemical complexes. This study evaluated the utilization of HTL to handle hyperaccumulator waste, i.e., Pteris vittata L. in both sub and supercritical water for the production of biofuels as a partial substitute for fossil fuels and valuable chemicals.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201
- China
| | - Songmao Li
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201
- China
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Kaur R, Gera P, Jha MK, Bhaskar T. Optimization of process parameters for hydrothermal conversion of castor residue. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:641-647. [PMID: 31189124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Castor plant (Ricinus communis) is a fast-growing shrub from Euphorbiaceae family. India ranks first in the world for the production of castor seeds. The generation of residue from its leaves and stems is more than 50% of the whole plant. This research work involves the estimation of the optimum condition for the production/value addition by hydrothermal liquefaction of castor residue using factorial design. Temperature (T) and residence time (RT) are the key parameters that affect the bio-oil yield. A 32 full factorial design was employed to understand the affects the bio-oil yield and conversion with key parameters. The key parameter and its interaction effects were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA); F-test and p-values were used to rank the process variable affecting the total bio-oil yield. It was observed that the temperature imparts significant effect on total bio-oil yield. The optimum conditions to obtain maximum total bio-oil yield are T = 300 °C and RT = 60 min. The statistical model was best fitted with high coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9994 and 0.9473 for total bio-oil yield and conversion respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneeet Kaur
- Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Poonam Gera
- Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, India
| | | | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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15
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Chan YH, Cheah KW, How BS, Loy ACM, Shahbaz M, Singh HKG, Yusuf NR, Shuhaili AFA, Yusup S, Ghani WAWAK, Rambli J, Kansha Y, Lam HL, Hong BH, Ngan SL. An overview of biomass thermochemical conversion technologies in Malaysia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 680:105-123. [PMID: 31100662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The rising pressure on both cleaner production and sustainable development have been the main driving force that pushes mankind to seek for alternative greener and sustainable feedstocks for chemical and energy production. The biomass 'waste-to-wealth' concept which convert low value biomass into value-added products which contain high economic potential, have attracted the attentions from both academicians and industry players. With a tropical climate, Malaysia has a rich agricultural sector and dense tropical rainforest, giving rise to abundance of biomass which most of them are underutilized. Hence, the biomass 'waste-to-wealth' conversion through various thermochemical conversion technologies and the prospective challenges towards commercialization in Malaysia are reviewed in this paper. In this paper, a critical review about the maturity status of the four most promising thermochemical conversion routes in Malaysia (i.e. gasification, pyrolysis, liquefaction and hydroprocessing) is given. The current development of thermochemical conversion technologies for biomass conversion in Malaysia is also reviewed and benchmarked against global progress. Besides, the core technical challenges in commercializing these green technologies are highlighted as well. Lastly, the future outlook for successful commercialization of these technologies in Malaysia is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Herng Chan
- Biomass Processing Lab, Center of Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Kin Wai Cheah
- Biomass Processing Lab, Center of Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Bing Shen How
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Adrian Chun Minh Loy
- Biomass Processing Lab, Center of Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Biomass Processing Lab, Center of Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Haswin Kaur Gurdeep Singh
- Biomass Processing Lab, Center of Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Nur'aini Raman Yusuf
- Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fadzil Ahmad Shuhaili
- Biomass Processing Lab, Center of Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Yusup
- Biomass Processing Lab, Center of Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Azlina Wan Abd Karim Ghani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering / Sustainable Process Engineering Research Centre (SPERC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jakaria Rambli
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering / Sustainable Process Engineering Research Centre (SPERC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yasuki Kansha
- Organization for Programs on Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hon Loong Lam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Boon Hooi Hong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sue Lin Ngan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
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16
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Madsen RB, Glasius M. How Do Hydrothermal Liquefaction Conditions and Feedstock Type Influence Product Distribution and Elemental Composition? Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René B. Madsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, and Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marianne Glasius
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, and Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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17
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Wang ZC, Duan PG, Liu XJ, Wang F, Xu YP. Hydrotreating the Low-Boiling-Point Fraction of Biocrude in Hydrogen Donor Solvents for Production of Trace-Sulfur Liquid Fuel. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Cong Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, West Xianning Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Gao Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, West Xianning Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, No. 2001, Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, West Xianning Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, No. 2001, Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ping Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, No. 2001, Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, P.R. China
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18
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Kohansal K, Tavasoli A, Bozorg A. Using a hybrid-like supported catalyst to improve green fuel production through hydrothermal liquefaction of Scenedesmus obliquus microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 277:136-147. [PMID: 30665087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction of Scenedesmus obliquus has been optimized in a micro reactor using response surface methodology. Temperature, residence time and feedstock concentration were studied through central composite design to verify the optimized conditions leading to the highest yield of bio-crude and energy recovery. Based on the non-catalytic studies, temperature, feedstock concentration, and their interaction were respectively determined as the most effective variables. In order to improve the quality of produced bio-crude, the one step upgrading procedure was carried out in the presence of synthesized heterogeneous catalysts including Ni/AC, Ni/AC-CeO2 nanorods and Ni/CeO2 nanorods. Although, it was found that, more or less, all the catalysts were able to improve the bio-crude yield and quality based on their specific characteristics, however using Ni/AC-CeO2 hybrid like nanorods, not only the bio-crude yield would be improved by more than 9% but also the bio-crude could be upgraded to a green bio-based fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komeil Kohansal
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavasoli
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Bozorg
- Biotechnology Department, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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