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Wang X, Diao Z, Liu Z, Qi P, Wang Z, Cang T, Chu Y, Zhao H, Zhang C, Xu H, Di S. Development of S-penthiopyrad for bioactivity improvement and risk reduction from the systemic evaluation at the enantiomeric level. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122012. [PMID: 37307862 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For the purpose of screening high-efficiency and low-risk green pesticides, a systematic study on fungicide penthiopyrad was conducted at the enantiomeric level. The bioactivity of S-(+)-penthiopyrad (median effective concentration (EC50), 0.035 mg/L) against Rhizoctonia solani was 988 times higher than R-(-)-penthiopyrad (EC50, 34.6 mg/L), which would reduce 75% usage of rac-penthiopyrad under the same efficacy. Furthermore, their antagonistic interaction (toxic unit (TUrac), 2.07) indicated the existence of R-(-)-penthiopyrad would reduce the fungicidal activity of S-(+)-penthiopyrad. AlphaFold2 modeling and molecular docking illustrated that S-(+)-penthiopyrad had the higher binding ability with the target protein than R-(-)-penthiopyrad, showing higher bioactivity. For model organism Danio rerio, S-(+)-penthiopyrad (median lethal concentrations (LC50), 3.02 mg/L) and R-(-)-penthiopyrad (LC50, 4.89 mg/L) were both less toxic than rac-penthiopyrad (LC50, 2.73 mg/L), and the existence of R-(-)-penthiopyrad could synergistically enhance the toxicity of S-(+)-penthiopyrad (TUrac, 0.73), using S-(+)-penthiopyrad would reduce at least 23% toxicity to fish. The enantioselective dissipation and residues of rac-penthiopyrad were tested in three kinds of fruits, and their dissipation half-lives ranged from 1.91 to 23.7 d. S-(+)-penthiopyrad was dissipated preferentially in grapes, which was R-(-)-penthiopyrad in pears. On the 60th d, the residue concentrations of rac-penthiopyrad in grapes were still higher than its maximum residue limit (MRL), but the initial concentrations were lower than their MRL values in watermelons and pears. Thus, more tests in different cultivars of grapes and planting environments should be encouraged. Based on the acute and chronic dietary intake risk assessments, the risks in the three fruits were all acceptable. In conclusion, S-(+)-penthiopyrad is a high-efficiency and low-risk alternative to rac-penthiopyrad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Ziyang Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; College of Food Science & Engineering, Hainan University, No. 158 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570100, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Peipei Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Tang Cang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Yanyan Chu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China/ Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Huiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Chenghui Zhang
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Hainan University, No. 158 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570100, PR China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China.
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Liu R, Deng Y, Wu D, Liu Y, Wang Z, Yu S, Nie Y, Zhu W, Zhou Z, Diao J. Systemic enantioselectivity study of penthiopyrad: enantioselective bioactivity, acute toxicity, degradation and influence on tomato. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2107-2116. [PMID: 36722434 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to promote the green development of agriculture, it is important to study the enantioselective effect of chiral pesticides. The bioactivity of the chiral fungicide penthiopyrad (PEN) racemate and enantiomers against phytopathogens, toxicity to non-target organisms, effect on tomato fruit growth and maturation, and environmental fate in tomato cultivation were evaluated at an enantioselective level in this study. RESULTS The results indicated that at the same efficacy, the optically pure S-(+)-PEN could lower the dosage of racemate by 20-96%. The S-enantiomer had low toxicity to earthworms. Besides, the S-(+)-PEN did not cause significant abiotic stress to the tomato and increased fruit fresh weight and size via modulating the contents of plant hormones. However, the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), superoxide (O2 - ) and malondialdehyde in the R-enantiomer treatment group was significantly higher than the control group. The effect of the racemate on tomato fruit was between the enantiomers. Furthermore, compared to R-(-)-PEN and racemate, the S-enantiomer degraded more quickly in tomato fruit, leaves, and soil, reducing the danger of human exposure. CONCLUSION The S-enantiomer is highly effective and less toxic. The development of enantiomer pure S-(+)-PEN products might be an efficient and low-risk strategy. The results lay the foundation for comprehensive evaluation and proper application of PEN. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Deng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Beijing Plant Protection Station, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zikang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufan Nie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Tong Z, Shen Y, Meng D, Yi X, Sun M, Dong X, Chu Y, Duan J. Ecological threat caused by malathion and its chiral metabolite in a honey bee-rape system: Stereoselective exposure risk and the mechanism revealed by proteome. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162585. [PMID: 36870510 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Honey bees play an important role in the ecological environment. Regrettably, a decline in honey bee colonies caused by chemical insecticides has occurred throughout the world. Potential stereoselective toxicity of chiral insecticides may be a hidden source of danger to bee colonies. In this study, the stereoselective exposure risk and mechanism of malathion and its chiral metabolite malaoxon were investigated. The absolute configurations were identified using an electron circular dichroism (ECD) model. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used for chiral separation. In pollen, the initial residues of malathion and malaoxon enantiomers were 3571-3619 and 397-402 μg/kg, respectively, and R-malathion degraded relatively slowly. The oral LD50 values of R-malathion and S-malathion were 0.187 and 0.912 μg/bee with 5 times difference, respectively, and the malaoxon values were 0.633 and 0.766 μg/bee. The Pollen Hazard Quotient (PHQ) was used to evaluate exposure risk. R-malathion showed a higher risk. An analysis of the proteome, including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and subcellular localization, indicated that energy metabolism and neurotransmitter transport were the main affected pathways. Our results provide a new scheme for the evaluation of the stereoselective exposure risk of chiral pesticides to honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Tong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - DanDan Meng
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - XiaoTong Yi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - MingNa Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China; Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yue Chu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - JinSheng Duan
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China.
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Wang J, Yue W, Teng Y, Zhai Y, Zhu H. Degradation kinetics and transformation pathway of methyl parathion by δ-MnO 2/oxalic acid reaction system. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 320:138054. [PMID: 36739984 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Methyl parathion (MP) is a typical organophosphorus pesticide that is widely used worldwide, and hydrolysis, oxidation and reduction are the main abiotic degradation processes. Manganese dioxide (MnO2) and organic acid can participate in various geochemical processes of pollutants, a reaction system was constructed to degrade MP using δ-MnO2 and oxalic acid. The δ-MnO2/oxalic acid reaction system could efficiently degrade MP, and the removal rate of MP (20 μM) reached 67.83% within 30 h under the optimized conditions (pH 5, [δ-MnO2] = 2 mM, [oxalic acid] = 100 mM). MP was hydrolyzed by substitution reactions of SN@P and SN@C, and reduced by conversion of the nitro groups (-NO2) in MP and its hydrolysates to amino groups (-NH2). The primary active substance produced in the reaction system was the complexes dominated by Mn(III)-oxalic acid. This study provides a scientific basis for the degradation of organophosphorus pesticides using MnO2 and an organic acid. The results have important theoretical significance and application value for pollution control and remediation of organophosphorus pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Normal University, China.
| | - Weifeng Yue
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Normal University, China.
| | - Yanguo Teng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Normal University, China.
| | - Yuanzheng Zhai
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Normal University, China.
| | - Hanhua Zhu
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhou L, Li R, Li Y, Tan Y, Shi H, Wang M. Comprehensive Assessment of Enantioselective Bioactivity, Toxicity, and Dissipation in Soil of the Chiral Herbicide Flurtamone. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4810-4816. [PMID: 36919602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flurtamone is a typical chiral pesticide with a pair of enantiomers. In this study, the enantioselective biological effects of flurtamone enantiomers were systematically investigated. The bioactivities of R-flurtamone were 6.3-35.6 and 1.7-9.9 times higher than S- and Rac-flurtamone, respectively. The contribution of the R-enantiomer to herbicidal activity was 86.3-97.3%. The carotenoid content in the R-flurtamone treatment group was 1.31-2.14 times lower than that in the S-flurtamone treatment group. Molecular docking found that flurtamone can form aromatic H-bonds with phenylalanine (PHE) 233 of phytoene desaturase (PDS), while R-flurtamone can form π-π stacking with PHE 202 and PHE 311. The binding energies of R- and S-flurtamone were -10.239 and -7.555 kcal/mol, respectively. Furthermore, the acute toxicity levels to Selenastrum capricornutum of R- and Rac-flurtamone were both highly toxic, and S-flurtamone has moderate toxicity. S-Flurtamone dissipated preferentially. Therefore, the development of R-flurtamone can decrease environmental risks and protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liangliang Zhou
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuting Tan
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
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Wang JQ, He ZC, Peng W, Han TH, Mei Q, Wang QZ, Ding F. Dissecting the Enantioselective Neurotoxicity of Isocarbophos: Chiral Insight from Cellular, Molecular, and Computational Investigations. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:535-551. [PMID: 36799861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Chiral organophosphorus pollutants are found abundantly in the environment, but the neurotoxicity risks of these asymmetric chemicals to human health have not been fully assessed. Using cellular, molecular, and computational toxicology methods, this story is to explore the static and dynamic toxic actions and its stereoselective differences of chiral isocarbophos toward SH-SY5Y nerve cells mediated by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and further dissect the microscopic basis of enantioselective neurotoxicity. Cell-based assays indicate that chiral isocarbophos exhibits strong enantioselectivity in the inhibition of the survival rates of SH-SY5Y cells and the intracellular AChE activity, and the cytotoxicity of (S)-isocarbophos is significantly greater than that of (R)-isocarbophos. The inhibitory effects of isocarbophos enantiomers on the intracellular AChE activity are dose-dependent, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of (R)-/(S)-isocarbophos are 6.179/1.753 μM, respectively. Molecular experiments explain the results of cellular assays, namely, the stereoselective toxic actions of isocarbophos enantiomers on SH-SY5Y cells are stemmed from the differences in bioaffinities between isocarbophos enantiomers and neuronal AChE. In the meantime, the modes of neurotoxic actions display that the key amino acid residues formed strong noncovalent interactions are obviously different, which are related closely to the molecular structural rigidity of chiral isocarbophos and the conformational dynamics and flexibility of the substrate binding domain in neuronal AChE. Still, we observed that the stable "sandwich-type π-π stacking" fashioned between isocarbophos enantiomers and aromatic Trp-86 and Tyr-337 residues is crucial, which notably reduces the van der Waals' contribution (ΔGvdW) in the AChE-(S)-isocarbophos complexes and induces the disparities in free energies during the enantioselective neurotoxic conjugations and thus elucidating that (S)-isocarbophos mediated by synaptic AChE has a strong toxic effect on SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Clearly, this effort can provide experimental insights for evaluating the neurotoxicity risks of human exposure to chiral organophosphates from macroscopic to microscopic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Wang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Zhi-Cong He
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tian-Hao Han
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiong Mei
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Qi-Zhao Wang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Fei Ding
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
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Liang S, Wang SN, Zhou LL, Sun S, Zhang J, Zhuang LL. Combination of Biochar and Functional Bacteria Drives the Ecological Improvement of Saline-Alkali Soil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:284. [PMID: 36678996 PMCID: PMC9864812 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The addition of functional bacteria (FB) is low-cost and is widely applied in saline-alkali soil remediation, which may gradually become ineffective due to inter-specific competition with indigenous bacteria. To improve the adaptability of FB, the target FB strains were isolated from local saline-alkali soil, and the combined effects of FB and biochar were explored. The results showed that FB isolated from local soil showed better growth than the purchased strains under high saline-alkali conditions. However, the indigenous community still weakened the function of added FB. Biochar addition provided a specific niche and increased the relative abundance of FB, especially for Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. As a result, the co-addition of 10% biochar and FB significantly increased the soil available phosphorus (AP) by 74.85% and available nitrogen (AN) by 114.53%. Zea Mays's growth (in terms of height) was enhanced by 87.92% due to the decreased salinity stress and extra nutrients provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhou
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- Baiyangdian Basin Eco-environmental Support Center, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Lin-Lan Zhuang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Meng Z, Cui J, Li R, Sun W, Bao X, Wang J, Zhou Z, Zhu W, Chen X. Systematic evaluation of chiral pesticides at the enantiomeric level: A new strategy for the development of highly effective and less harmful pesticides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157294. [PMID: 35839878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, pesticides have been used in large quantities, and they pose potential risks to organisms across various environments. Reducing the use of pesticides and their environmental risks has been an active research focus and difficult issue worldwide. As a class of pesticides with special structures, chiral pesticides generally exhibit enantioselectivity differences in biological activity, ecotoxicity, and environmental behavior. At present, replacing the racemates of chiral pesticides by identifying and developing their individual enantiomers with high efficiency and environmentally friendly characteristics is an effective strategy to reduce the use of pesticides and their environmental risks. In this study, we review the stereoselective behaviors of chiral pesticide, including their environmental behavior, stereoselective biological activity, and ecotoxicity. In addition, we emphasize that the systematic evaluation of chiral pesticides at the enantiomeric level is a promising novel strategy for developing highly effective and less harmful pesticides, which will provide important data support and an empirical basis for reducing pesticide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Meng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, College of Guangling, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jiajia Cui
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, College of Guangling, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Landscape Research Institute of Zhumadian, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Bao
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, College of Guangling, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, College of Guangling, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, College of Guangling, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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Wei J, Zhao C, Ji G, Dong M, Lu R, Huang B, Bao G, Hu F. Two novel enantiomers from metarhizium flavoviride and their inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Zhou L, Wu Q, Gao Y, Shi H, Wang M. Enantioselective aquatic toxicity and degradation in soil of the chiral fungicide oxathiapiprolin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155632. [PMID: 35523333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxathiapiprolin is an efficient and chiral fungicide for peronosporomycetes. The enantioselective environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of oxathiapiprolin are still unclear. The enantioselectivity of oxathiapiprolin enantiomers was explored, including their acute toxicity toward aquatic plants (Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa and Soirodela polyrhiza) along with their influence on photosynthetic pigment production, the acute toxicity and morphological differences for the embryos, larvae and adult stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio), and the degradation in four typical soils (aerobic, anaerobic and sterilized conditions). The enantioselective toxicity of oxathiapiprolin showed that the toxicity of R-oxathiapiprolin was 1.8-2.1 times higher than that of S-oxathiapiprolin toward the two aquatic plants. In particular, the content of photosynthetic pigments decreased significantly stronger after exposure to R-oxathiapiprolin compared with S-oxathiapiprolin. The LC50 values of R-oxathiapiprolin in zebrafish in the different life stages were 1.6-2.1 times higher than those of S-oxathiapiprolin. The zebrafish embryos were most sensitive to the oxathiapiprolin enantiomers. After exposure to R-oxathiapiprolin, zebrafish embryos showed noticeable hatching delays, inhibition or deformation. R-oxathiapiprolin degraded preferentially in all four soils, with an enantiomeric fraction (EF) ranging from 0.28 to 0.42 under aerobic conditions. Enantioselective degradation was not found under anaerobic and sterilized conditions. The enantioselectivity of new chiral pesticides should be fully considered in risk assessments to provide a basis for the development and preparation of pure optical enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhou
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiqi Wu
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China.
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11
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Li J, Han J, Lan T, Mu S, Hu D, Zhang K. Enantioselective hydrolysis and photolysis of mandipropamid in different aquatic environments - evaluation of influencing factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:60244-60258. [PMID: 35419689 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis and photolysis of the chiral fungicide mandipropamid were investigated, and the potential enantioselectivity of mandipropamid in solutions was further assessed. The aqueous solutions were filtered and directly injected into the liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. In the hydrolysis experiments, mandipropamid enantiomers hydrolyzed slowly in aquatic solutions with half-lives > 200 days; nevertheless, rise of the pH and incubation temperature could increase the hydrolysis rates more than 1.1 times (half-lives decreased from 495.1 to 216.6 days). Compared with the hydrolysis results, photolysis was found to be the main degradation pathway for mandipropamid in different solutions (half-lives < 14 h, except in pH = 5.05 buffer solution). Organic solvents were able to accelerate the photolysis of mandipropamid, but acidic solutions and the addition of flavonoids or inorganic salts significantly inhibited the photolysis of mandipropamid. During the hydrolysis and photolysis processes, the configuration of mandipropamid enantiomers was stable and five possible transformation products were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry. Due to the enantiomeric fraction values > 0.5, the hydrolysis and photolysis of mandipropamid were enantioselective, and S-( +)-mandipropamid preferentially disspated in certain aqueous solutions. The systematic evaluation of the hydrolysis and photolysis of mandipropamid enantiomers may provide more accurate data for better assessment of environmental and ecological risks in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jiahua Han
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tingting Lan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shiyin Mu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Kankan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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12
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Tong Z, Yang T, Sun M, Dong X, Chu Y, Meng D, Wang M, Gao T, Duan J. Systemic assessment of the chiral insecticide pyriproxyfen in a citrus nectar source system: Stereoselective degradation, biological effect and exposure risk. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3012-3018. [PMID: 35426212 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balancing the safety and efficiency of chiral pesticides can help protect pollinators. We evaluated the stereoselective behavior, bioactivity, toxicity and exposure risk of the chiral insecticide pyriproxyfen in a citrus nectar system. RESULTS Density functional theory (DFT) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) were applied for absolute configuration appraisal and chiral analysis validation, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 72.3% to 100.5% with an relative standard deviation (RSD) ranging from 1.2% to 9.7%. In a field trial, we determined insecticide half-lives in citrus leaves and flowers, which were 7.0 and 8.6 days for R-(+)-pyriproxyfen, and 11.7 and 14.7 days for S-(-)-pyriproxyfen, respectively. We found that the bioactivity of R-(+)-pyriproxyfen was 3.39 and 2.37 times higher than S-(-)-pyriproxyfen against Unaspis yanonensis and Diaphorina citri nymphs, respectively. S-(-)-pyriproxyfen had 3.8 times higher acute toxicity than R-(+)-pyriproxyfen on Apis mellifera L., and its exposure risk was moderate based on the hazard quotient. CONCLUSION The phenomenon of stereoselective degradation and biological effect demonstrated that the high-risk stereoisomer of S-(-)-pyriproxyfen degraded more slowly than R-(+)-pyriproxyfen, but R-(+)-pyriproxyfen with better efficiency for target. Therefore, an increased duration of R-(+)-pyriproxyfen activity on citrus was beneficial for efficacy. Our results could guide the scientific application and evaluation of chiral pesticides on nectar plants. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Tong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Tingmi Yang
- Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, China
| | - Mingna Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Chu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Dandan Meng
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Tongchun Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Jinsheng Duan
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
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13
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Di S, Cang T, Liu Z, Xie Y, Zhao H, Qi P, Wang Z, Xu H, Wang X. Comprehensive evaluation of chiral pydiflumetofen from the perspective of reducing environmental risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154033. [PMID: 35192824 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The spatial structures of chiral pesticide enantiomers can affect their activity, toxicity and behavior, thereby altering exposure risk. Identifying enantiomer differences and developing high-efficiency green enantiopure pesticide is an important strategy for reducing the negative effects of pesticides. In this study, after confirming the absolute configuration of pydiflumetofen enantiomers, fungicidal activity evaluation indicated that the activity of S-(+)-pydiflumetofen was 81.3-421 times higher than R-(-)-pydiflumetofen on three kinds of phytopathogens that control Fusarium wilt (Fusarium spp.), Alternaria rot (Alternaria alternata) and Southern blight (Sclerotinia rolfsii), which might be caused by the stronger binding ability of S-(+)-pydiflumetofen with the active site of the target protein. The coexistence of R-(-)-pydiflumetofen would enhance the toxicity of S-(+)-pydiflumetofen on zebrafish through synergistic effect. Low-activity R-(-)-pydiflumetofen was preferentially dissipated in soybean, soybean plants, cabbage and celery, which was opposite in soil. The persistence of S-(+)-pydiflumetofen in crops and degradability in soil were advantageous for pesticide effects and environmental protection. Based on the maximum residue limit (MRL) and hazard quotient (HQ), the dietary risks were determined to be acceptable for all crops. Thus, developing enantiopure S-(+)-pydiflumetofen products might be a high-efficiency and low-risk strategy, and more studies should be conducted in this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Tao Cang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Yunye Xie
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Huiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Peipei Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
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14
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Wang J, Teng Y, Zhai Y, Yue W, Pan Z. Spatiotemporal distribution and risk assessment of organophosphorus pesticides in surface water and groundwater on the North China Plain, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112310. [PMID: 34762928 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
90 groundwater samples and 14 surface water samples were collected in wet season (summer) and dry season (winter) in the North China Plain (NCP), and analyzed for 11 organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs). The results showed that the main types of OPPs in surface water and groundwater were dimethoate, dichlorvos, methyl-parathion, malathion in both summer and winter. The OPP concentrations in groundwater and surface water were higher in summer than in winter. In the vertical direction, the distribution characteristics of different four types of groundwater sampling points are different. In the horizontal direction: farmland adjacent to a river (FAR) > central farmland (CF) > nonfarm area adjacent to a river (NFAR) > central nonfarm area (CNF). The OPPs concentrations in surface water adjacent to farmland were higher than that in surface water adjacent to nonfarm area. The main factors influencing the distribution of OPPs in the groundwater and surface water were the interaction process between them, the groundwater flow field and the OPPs used in agricultural activities. The ecological risk of OPPs to surface water was greater in summer than in winter. Water Flea was at medium risk, and malathion had the greatest influence on Water Flea in both summer and winter. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of the four main OPPs in surface water were higher than in groundwater, and were higher in summer than in winter, but they would not lead to adverse health effects on local residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yanguo Teng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yuanzheng Zhai
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Weifeng Yue
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Pan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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15
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Li J, Lan T, Yang G, Mu S, Zhang K. Enantioselective evaluation of the chiral fungicide mandipropamid: Dissipation, distribution and potential dietary intake risk in tomato, cucumber, Chinese cabbage and cowpea. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113260. [PMID: 35121257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A chiral analytical method was developed and validated for the determination of mandipropamid enantiomers in tomato, cucumber, Chinese cabbage and cowpea. The linearity (R2 > 0.99), accuracy (recovery: 73.8-106%) and precision (relative standard deviation: < 11%) were adequate for the detection of mandipropamid enantiomers in four vegetables. Field trials were further conducted to investigate the dissipation and residue distribution of mandipropamid and the possible enantioselectivity in different vegetables. Due to the shorter half-lives, mandipropamid dissipated more rapidly in Chinese cabbage (1.8-2.0 d) and cowpea (1.6-2.4 d) than in tomato (5.0-8.4 d) and cucumber (2.4-5.5 d). The residues of mandipropamid were 45-179 µg/kg in tomato 14 d at low dose, 48-98 µg/kg in cucumber 7 d after spraying twice at low dose, and < 2.5-1942 µg/kg in Chinese cabbage and cowpea in all treatments, which were below the maximum residue limits of mandipropamid set by the European Union and Codex Alimentarius Commission. Enantioselectivity was observed during the mandipropamid dissipation process in four vegetables. The S-(+)-enantiomer dissipated more rapidly than the R-(-)-enantiomer in tomato and Chinese cabbage (enantiomeric fractions > 0.5). For cucumber and cowpea, the dissipation of the R-enantiomer was preferential (enantiomeric fractions < 0.5). According to the risk quotient data (<< 100%), the residues of mandipropamid in four vegetables were safe for Chinese consumers. This study could provide useful information for the dissipation fate and residue distribution of mandipropamid in vegetables at the enantiomer level and offer some guidance for the dietary intake risk evaluation of mandipropamid in vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tingting Lan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guangqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shiyin Mu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Kankan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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16
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Ma S, Zhang H, Li F, Zhao P, Yin S, Sun J, Xu J, Wang Z, Xu X, Di X. Systemic Stereoselectivity Study of Fenobucarb: Environmental Behaviors in Greenhouse Vegetables, Fruits, Earthworms, and Soils and Its Cytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2127-2135. [PMID: 35138837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fenobucarb (2-sec-butylphenyl methylcarbamate, BPMC) is a potent carbamate pesticide with high insecticidal activity. In this study, the enantioselective accumulation of BPMC in earthworms (Eisenia foetida) and dissipation in cabbage, Chinese cabbage, strawberry, and soils were investigated. The samples were prepared using the QuEChERS method and analyzed using fast and sensitive chiral high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis. The stereoselective accumulation of BPMC enantiomers revealed that S-(+)-BPMC was preferentially accumulated in earthworms rather than its antipode. However, the dissipation studies showed that S-(+)-BPMC degraded faster than the R-(-)-isomer in cabbage, Chinese cabbage, strawberry, and soils. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of BPMC enantiomers toward PC12 and N9 neuronal, A549 lung cancer, and MRC5 lung fibroblast cell lines was evaluated using an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Compared with R-(-)- and rac-isomers, S-(+)-BPMC exhibited lower cytotoxicity in neuronal cells and a weaker proliferating effect on lung cancer and lung fibroblast cells. Altogether, the findings suggest the use of the pure S-(+)-enantiomer in agricultural management rather than the use of the racemate or the R-(-)-isomer, which might reduce the environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siman Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261031, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiliang Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Di
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zhang J, Wu Q, Zhong Y, Wang Z, He Z, Zhang Y, Wang M. Enantioselective Bioactivity, Toxicity, and Degradation in Vegetables and Soil of Chiral Fungicide Mandipropamid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13416-13424. [PMID: 34738463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mandipropamid (MDP) is a widely used chiral fungicide to control oomycete pathogens with two enantiomers. In this study, the enantioselective bioactivity, toxicity, and degradation of MDP were investigated for the first time. The bioactivity of S-MDP was 118-592 times higher than that of R-MDP and 1.14-1.67 times higher than that of Rac-MDP against six phytopathogens. Molecular docking found that S-MDP formed a strong halogen bond with HIS 693 of cellulose synthase and possessed a lower binding energy, which validated the results of the bioactivity assay. S-MDP showed lower toxicity toward Spirodela polyrhiza, while it exhibited higher toxicity in Danio rerio embryo and larva. S-MDP preferentially degraded in cowpea and pepper, while R-MDP preferentially degraded in soil. There is no significant difference between the two enantiomers in the toxicity of adult D. rerio and in cucumber degradation. Therefore, the development of the S-enantiomer was considered as a better option to exhibit high efficiency, which could reduce the residual risk of the pesticide and ensure environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiqi Wu
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanru Zhong
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zongzhe He
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
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18
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Wang Z, Li R, Zhang J, Liu S, He Z, Wang M. Evaluation of exploitive potential for higher bioactivity and lower residue risk enantiomer of chiral fungicide pydiflumetofen. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3419-3426. [PMID: 33797181 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pydiflumetofen, as a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) chiral fungicide, has been used in crop production because of its broad-spectrum and high-efficiency antifungal activity. However, little is known about pydiflumetofen at the chiral level. The stereoselective bioactivity and degradation of pydiflumetofen enantiomers were therefore investigated. RESULTS Pydiflumetofen presented effective bioactivity against the eight tested phytopathogens, and its enantiomers showed significant differences in activity. The bioactivity of R-pydiflumetofen was 9.0-958.8 times higher than that of the S enantiomer. Treatment with R-pydiflumetofen increased the cell membrane permeability of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and decreased exopolysaccharide and oxalic acid production more than treatment with S-pydiflumetofen. Furthermore, R-pydflumetofen exhibited better inhibitory activity against the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme of S. sclerotiorum than S-pydiflumetofen by 584-fold. According to homology modeling and molecular docking studies, the binding affinities of the R and S enantiomers were -7.0 and -5.3 kcal mol-1 , respectively. Additionally, the degradation half-lives of S- and R-pydiflumetofen in three vegetables (cucumber, eggplant, and cowpea) under field conditions were 2.56-3.12 days and 2.48-2.76 days, respectively, which reveals that R-pydiflumetofen degrades faster than S-pydiflumetofen. CONCLUSION Based on the results obtained, R-pydiflumetofen not only exhibited a higher bactericidal activity, but also posed fewer residual risks in the environment. The mechanism of the stereoselective bioactivity was correlated with the stereoselective inhibition activity of the target enzyme and affected the cell membrane permeability and the production of exopolysaccharide and oxalic acid. This research could provide a foundation for the systematic evaluation of pydiflumetofen from an enantiomeric view. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiling Liu
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongzhe He
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Wang M, Ji Z, Xu J, Zhang C, Yang Y, Liang X, Zhang Y. Study on stereoselective bioactivity, acute toxicity, and degradation in cucurbits and soil of chiral fungicide famoxadone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:15947-15953. [PMID: 33245543 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The chiral pesticide famoxadone is mainly applied to control fungal diseases on fruiting vegetables. The fungicidal activity, ecotoxicological effects, and degradation behavior of famoxadone enantiomers are less well known. In this study, a systemic assessment of the stereoselectivity of famoxadone was performed in cucurbits and soil. Famoxadone enantiomers presented distinct inhibitory activities among different fungal species. The bioactivities of R-(-)-famoxadone were 2.7-178 times higher than S-(+)-famoxadone toward five phytopathogens. Based on the obtained LC50 values, famoxadone was super toxic to Eisenia foetida (E. foetida). Moreover, the acute toxicity of R-(-)-famoxadone presented 167 times greater to E. foetida than that of S-(+)-famoxadone, indicating that R-(-)-famoxadone showed higher bioactivity toward target organisms and non-target organisms than S-(+)-famoxadone. In addition, a simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established to determine the stereoselective degradation of famoxadone in two species of cucurbits (cucumber and chieh-qua) and in field soil. The half-life values of famoxadone degradation were from 5.4 to 14.1 days, indicating that famoxadone was easily degraded. Additionally, no stereoselective degradation was found in cucurbits and soil. The results may provide promising implications for comprehensive environmental and ecological risk assessments of famoxadone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Haikou), Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, China
| | - Zerong Ji
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jiabin Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chenghui Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Haikou), Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, China
- College of Food science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ye Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Haikou), Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Haikou), Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, China.
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Gao Y, Zhao X, Sun X, Wang Z, Zhang J, Li L, Shi H, Wang M. Enantioselective Detection, Bioactivity, and Degradation of the Novel Chiral Fungicide Oxathiapiprolin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3289-3297. [PMID: 33710880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxathiapiprolin is a novel chiral piperidine thiazole isooxazoline fungicide that contains a pair of enantiomers. An effective analytical method was established for the enantioselective detection of oxathiapiprolin in fruit, vegetable, and soil samples using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The optimal enantioseparation was achieved on a Chiralpak IG column at 35 °C using acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (90:10, v/v) as the mobile phase. The absolute configuration of the oxathiapiprolin enantiomers was identified with the elution order of R-(-)-oxathiapiprolin and S-(+)-oxathiapiprolin by electron circular dichroism spectra. The bioactivity of R-(-)-oxathiapiprolin was 2.49 to 13.30-fold higher than that of S-(+)-oxathiapiprolin against six kinds of oomycetes. The molecular docking result illuminated the mechanism of enantioselectivity in bioactivity. The glide score (-8.00 kcal/mol) for the R-enantiomer was better with the binding site in Phytophthora capsici than the S-enantiomer (-7.50 kcal/mol). Enantioselective degradation in tomato and pepper under the field condition was investigated and indicated that R-(-)-oxathiapiprolin was preferentially degraded. The present study determines the enantioselectivity of oxathiapiprolin about enantioselective detection, bioactivity, and degradation for the first time. The R-enantiomer will be a better choice than racemic oxathiapiprolin to enhance the bioactivity and reduce the pesticide residues at a lower application rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuejun Zhao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lianshan Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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21
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Wang J, Zhang C, Liao X, Teng Y, Zhai Y, Yue W. Influence of surface-water irrigation on the distribution of organophosphorus pesticides in soil-water systems, Jianghan Plain, central China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 281:111874. [PMID: 33385909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surface-water irrigation is one of the most important irrigation methods in areas with abundant surface water. Although this method of irrigation is both economical and convenient, many contaminants are also introduced into the soil-water systems such as organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs). To study the influence of surface-water irrigation on the distribution of OPPs in soil-water systems, 42 water samples (38 groundwater and four surface water) and 85 soil samples (78 profile soil samples and seven topsoil samples) were taken from Shahu in the Jianghan Plain, China. Shahu is a typical Chinese surface-water irrigation district. During sampling, three types of areas were considered: surface-water irrigated areas, groundwater-irrigated areas away from rivers, and non-irrigated areas adjacent to rivers. The results showed that the concentrations of OPPs in the groundwater and soil in the surface-water irrigated farmland were higher than those in groundwater-irrigated farmland. The groundwater flow field and surface-water irrigation were responsible for the OPPs. Thus, it is clear that the surface-water irrigation had a strong influence on the distribution of OPPs in soil-water systems. Principal component analysis for OPPs content in groundwater showed that the key influencing factors on the distribution of OPPs in groundwater were the groundwater flow field and current pesticide use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Caixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoping Liao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanguo Teng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yuanzheng Zhai
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Weifeng Yue
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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22
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Li L, Sun X, Lv B, Xu J, Zhang J, Gao Y, Gao B, Shi H, Wang M. Stereoselective environmental fate of fosthiazate in soil and water-sediment microcosms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110696. [PMID: 33385383 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective fates of chiral pesticides in the environment has been reported in many studies. However, there is little data focused on the fate of chiral fosthiazate in the soil and aquatic ecosystems at chiral view. This study investigated the stereoselective fate of fosthiazate in the soil and aquatic ecosystems using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS/MS). Significant stereoselective degradation among four fosthiazate stereoisomers were found in both greenhouse soil and water-sediment microcosms. In greenhouse soil, (1R,3S)-fosthiazate degraded faster than other three stereoisomers with the half-life of 2.7 d. The fosthiazate stereisomers in the seawater-sediment microcosm degraded more rapidly than in the river water-sediment microcosm. However, (1S,3R)-fosthiazate and (1S,3S)-fosthiazate possessed shorter degradation half-lives than their enantiomers in both microcosms, with the half-lives ranging from 3.4 d to 15.8 d. Ten degradation products were identified in the water-sediment microcosms, and, six of them were reported for the first time. Oxidation and hydrolysis were confirmed as the main degradation pathways of fosthiazate in the water-sediment microcosms. Our results revealed that the (1R,3S)-fosthiazate and (1R,3R)-fosthiazate may cause more serious ecotoxicity due to the longer half-lives than the other two stereoisomers in environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianshan Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiangyan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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23
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Gao B, Zhao S, Shi H, Zhang Z, Li L, He Z, Wen Y, Covaci A, Wang M. Enantioselective disposition and metabolic products of isofenphos-methyl in rats and the hepatotoxic effects. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105940. [PMID: 32663714 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Isofenphos-methyl (IFP), a chiral organophosphorus pesticide, is one of the main chemicals used to control underground insects and nematodes. Recently, the use of IFP on vegetables and fruits has been prohibited due to its high toxicity. In this study, we investigated the enantioselective distribution and metabolism of IFP and its metabolites, namely, isofenphos-methyl oxon (IFPO) and isocarbophos oxon (ICPO), in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Forty eight hours (48 h) after exposure, ICPO was the main detectable compound in blood (up to 75%) and urine (up to 77%), and we found that (S)-ICPO was significantly more stable than (R)-ICPO (p < 0.05). Therefore, (S)-ICPO was proposed as a suitable candidate biomarker for the biomonitoring of IFP in human urine and blood. After 48 h exposure, 21.2-41.0%, 4.1-15.1%, and 8.6-18.7% of dosed IFP was detected in the liver of racemic, R and S enantiomer-exposed rats, respectively, and R-IFP and R-IFPO showed a faster degradation (p < 0.05). Our results showed that after one week of consecutive exposure to IFP, ICPO was accumulated in the liver of rats in both racemic and enantiopure groups (no difference between the groups, p > 0.05). We found that cytochrome P450 (CYP) (i.e. CYP2C11, CYP2D2 and CYP3A2 enzymes and carboxylesterases) is responsible for the enantioselective metabolism of IFP in liver. In addition, rats exposed to (S)-IFP exhibited hepatic lipid peroxidation, liver inflammation and hepatic fibrosis. This study provides useful information and a reference for the biomonitoring and risk assessment of IFP and organophosphorus pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhaoxian Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Lianshan Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zongzhe He
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yong Wen
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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Li L, Xu J, Lv B, Kaziem AE, Liu F, Shi H, Wang M. Chiral Organophosphorous Pesticide Fosthiazate: Absolute Configuration, Stereoselective Bioactivity, Toxicity, and Degradation in Vegetables. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7609-7616. [PMID: 32598147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fosthiazate is a widely used chiral organophosphorous nematicide with four stereoisomers. The present study systemically assessed the stereoselectivity of fosthiazate for the first time, including absolute configuration confirmation, stereoselective bioactivity toward nematode and aphid, toxicity to honeybees, and stereoselective degradation in cucumber and pepper under field conditions. The absolute configurations of the four stereoisomers that eluted on the Superchiral IG-3 column were confirmed as (1S,3R)-(-)-fosthiazate, (1S,3S)-(-)-fosthiazate, (1R,3S)-(+)-fosthiazate, and (1R,3R)-(+)-fosthiazate. In comparison to the other two stereoisomers, (1S,3R)-fosthiazate and (1S,3S)-fosthiazate possess more than 100 times bioactivity and 10 times toxicity toward the target and non-target organisms, respectively. The molecular docking found that (1S,3R)-fosthiazate and (1S,3S)-fosthiazate had shorter binding distances and lower energies with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which illuminated the mechanism of the experimental results. In addition, both of the high-bioactive stereoisomers had faster degradation rates in cucumber and pepper. On the basis of the results of bioactivity, toxicity, and degradation behavior, the stereoisomer mixture with (1S,3R)-fosthiazate and (1S,3S)-fosthiazate will be a better option than racemic fosthiazate to increase the bioactivity and reduce application rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianshan Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangyan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Lv
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Amir E Kaziem
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Z, Zhou L, Gao Y, Zhang J, Gao B, Shi H, Wang M. Enantioselective Detection, Bioactivity, and Metabolism of the Novel Chiral Insecticide Fluralaner. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6802-6810. [PMID: 32323985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluralaner, a veterinary drug, is a potential chiral isoxazoline insecticide possessing high insecticidal and acaricidal activity. However, there is little information regarding the enantioselective effect of fluralaner. In this work, a promising chiral detection method was established with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in agricultural products and animal organs to investigate enantioselective metabolism and bioactivity. The optical rotation and absolute configuration of fluralaner enantiomers were confirmed with S-(+)-fluralaner and R-(-)-fluralaner. The bioactivity assay indicated that S-fluralaner was 33-39 times more active than the R-enantiomer against Chilo suppressalis and Laodelphax striatellus. This finding suggests that the application of pure S-fluralaner instead of racemate in agricultural management could reduce risk. Homology modeling and molecular docking showed that S-fluralaner, with a lower energy of -6.90 kcal/mol, possessed better binding affinity to the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor. The stereoselective metabolism in rat liver microsomes was explored, and slight enantioselectivity was observed with R-fluralaner that was preferentially metabolized. The enantiomer fraction values ranged from 0.43 to 0.49. The results provide reference for residue detection, risk assessment, and the scientific use of fluralaner in agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxian Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhou
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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Fang L, Shi Q, Xu L, Shi T, Wu X, Li QX, Hua R. Enantioselective Uptake Determines Degradation Selectivity of Chiral Profenofos in Cupriavidus nantongensis X1 T. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6493-6501. [PMID: 32459959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus insecticides account for approximately 28% of the global commercial insecticide market, while 40% of them are chiral enantiomers. Chiral enantiomers differ largely in their toxicities. Enantiomers that are less active or inactive do not offer the needed efficacy but pollute the environment and cause toxicities to non-target species. Cupriavidus nantongensis X1T, a recently isolated bacterial strain, could degrade S-profenofos 2.3-fold faster than R-profenofos, while the latter is the active enantiomer potently against pest insects and has greater mammalian safety. The degradation enzyme encoded by opdB was expressed via Escherichia coli and purified. The degradation kinetics of R- and S-profenofos showed that both the purified OpdB and crude enzyme extracts had no enantiomer degradation selectivity, which strongly indicated that the degradation selectivity occurred in the uptake process. Metabolite analyses suggested a novel dealkylation pathway. This is the first report of bacterial selective uptake of organophosphates. Selective degradation of S-profenofos over R-profenofos by the strain X1T suggests a concept of co-application of racemic pesticides and degradation-selective bacteria to minimize contamination and non-target toxicity problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liancheng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongying Shi
- Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Taozhong Shi
- Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Rimao Hua
- Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
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Liang X, Xu J, Huang X, Zheng Z, Zhang C, Yang Y, Wang M, Zhang Y. Systemic stereoselectivity study of bromothalonil: stereoselective bioactivity, toxicity, and degradation in vegetables and soil. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1823-1830. [PMID: 31828964 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chiral pesticide bromothalonil is widely used to control anthracnose disease on fruits and vegetables in China. The pesticidal activity, ecotoxicological effects and environmental behavior of bromothalonil and its enantiomers are still unclear. RESULTS Bromothalonil presented effective biocidal activities against the tested fungi, its enantiomers showed distinct inhibitory activities against different fungal species. The bioactivities of (+)-bromothalonil was 1.29-10.77 times higher than (-)-bromothalonil toward Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Curvularia lunata, Corynespora cassiicola, Colletotrichum siamense, and Colletotrichum musae, while the effect pattern was opposite for Colletotrichum cliviicola. Based on the acute toxicity test, bromothalonil was very toxic to Eisenia foetida (E. foetida). Bromothalonil also damaged the lysosomal membrane and exhibited potential genotoxicity toward E. foetida. Moreover, (+)-bromothalonil presented lower toxicity than (-)-bromothalonil. Stereoselective degradation was investigated in tomato, cucumber, chieh-qua, and soil. The half-life values of bromothalonil degradation ranged from 7.14 to 24.75 days, indicating that bromothalonil was easily degraded. Additionally, (+)-bromothalonil degraded 1.2-1.75 times faster than (-)-bromothalonil in the four matrices. CONCLUSION This is the first systemic assessment of the stereoselectivity of bromothalonil. Based on the obtained half-life, EC50 and LC50 values, bromothalonil is an easily degraded, broad-spectrum biocidal but very toxic pesticide. (+)-Bromothalonil was more degradable in vegetables and soil and showed clearly higher bioactivity toward target organisms and lower toxicity to E. foetida than (-)-bromothalonil. Therefore, the stereoselectivity of bromothalonil enantiomers should be fully considered in comprehensive environmental and ecological risk assessments in future work. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Haikou), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Jiabin Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xize Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhao Zheng
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chenghui Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Haikou), Ministry of Agriculture, China
- College of Food science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ye Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Haikou), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Haikou), Ministry of Agriculture, China
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28
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Sanganyado E, Lu Z, Liu W. Application of enantiomeric fractions in environmental forensics: Uncertainties and inconsistencies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109354. [PMID: 32182482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The assumption that only biological processes are enantioselective introduces challenges in the reliability of enantioselective analysis as a tool for discriminating biotic and abiotic processes in the environmental fate of chiral pollutants. Enantioselectivity does not depend on the nature of the fate process a chiral contaminant undergoes but on the interaction of the chiral contaminant with homochirality inducing external agents (e.g. chiral molecules, macromolecules or surfaces such as enzymes, blood plasma, proteins, chiral co-pollutants, humic acid and soil organominerals). The environmental behavior of a chiral contaminant is difficult to anticipate because the interactions between the chiral contaminants and the homochirality inducing external agents is often complex and strongly influenced by local environment conditions such as pH, redox conditions, organic carbon, organic nitrogen, humic acid, and redox conditions. Furthermore, the use of enantioselective analysis in environmental forensics depend on the adequate separation and accurate identification and quantification of the enantiomers of the chiral contaminant. Matrix effects, instrument effects, inadequate enantioselective separation, and poor quantification techniques introduce uncertainties in the determination of enantiomeric composition. Here we present the weaknesses of this assumption and recommend using enantiomeric fractions as chemical markers of biotransformation with caution. We recommend using stable isotopes, including abiotic controls to determine if enantioselective sorption occurs, and determining stability of enantiomers in solvent or at elevated temperatures to account for confounding factors arising from matrix effects, enantioselective abiotic processes, and enantiomerization due solvent and thermal lability of the chiral analyte, respectively to maintain the integrity of the utility of enantiomeric composition changes as an environmental forensics tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Sanganyado
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Zhijiang Lu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
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29
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Wen Y, Wang Z, Gao Y, Zhao X, Gao B, Zhang Z, Li L, He Z, Wang M. Novel Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Enantioseparation of Tefluthrin via a Box-Behnken Design and Its Stereoselective Degradation in Soil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11591-11597. [PMID: 31557017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A simple and eco-friendly dispersive solid-phase extraction method coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of the chiral pesticide tefluthrin in food and environmental samples. The response surface methodology was applied to optimize separation conditions. The elution order of tefluthrin enantiomers was Z-cis-(1S,3S)-(-)-tefluthrin and Z-cis-(1R,3R)-(+)-tefluthrin on a Lux Cellulose-1 chiral column was identified via a polarimeter and vibrating circular dichroism. The average recoveries in five matrices ranged from 76.9 to 107.6%, with intraday relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 15.6% and interday RSDs less than 12.5% for two enantiomers. The enantioselective degradation was investigated via laboratory incubation experiments. Slightly enantioselective degradation was observed under aerobic conditions; (1S,3S)-tefluthrin degraded preferentially with the enantiomer fraction value of 0.57 at 120 days of incubation. No remarkable enantioselective degradation was observed under anaerobic and sterile conditions. It was the first time that pyrethroid pesticides were determined at the enantiomer levels via UPLC-MS/MS. This novel method was successfully applied for the enantioselective analysis of tefluthrin enantiomers in authentic samples, indicating its efficacy in investigating the environmental stereochemistry of tefluthrin in the food web and environment. It is of crucial importance to improve risk assessment and regulation of chiral pesticides in an agricultural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wen
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Zhao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxian Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lianshan Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zongzhe He
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
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30
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Gao B, Zhao S, Zhang Z, Li L, Hu K, Kaziem AE, He Z, Hua X, Shi H, Wang M. A potential biomarker of isofenphos-methyl in humans: A chiral view. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:694-703. [PMID: 30991225 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Isofenphos-methyl (IFP) is a very active and persistent chiral insecticide. However, IFP has lower activity against acetylcholinesterases (AChEs). Previously, it was confirmed that phosphorothioate organophosphorus pesticides with N-alkyl (POPN) require activation by oxidative desulfuration and N-dealkylation. In this work, we demonstrated that IFP could be metabolized in human liver microsomes to isofenphos-methyl oxon (IFPO, 52.7%), isocarbophos (ICP, 14.2%) and isocarbophos oxon (ICPO, 11.2%). It was found that (R)-IFP was preferentially degraded compared to the (S)-enantiomer, and the enantiomeric fraction (EF) value reached 0.61 at 60 min. However, (S)-enantiomers of the three metabolites, were degraded preferentially, and the EF values ranged from 0.34 to 0.45. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP3A4, CYP2E1, and CYP1A2 and carboxylesterase enzyme have an essential role in the enantioselective metabolism of IFP; but, the enzymes that participate in the degradation of IFP metabolites are different. The AChE inhibition bioassay indicated that ICPO is the only effective inhibitor of AChE. The covalent molecular docking has proposed that the metabolites of IFP and its analogs after N-dealkylation and oxidative desulfuration will possess the highest inhibitory activity against AChE. This study is the first to demonstrate that ICPO can be regarded as a potential biomarker for the biomonitoring of IFP and ICP exposure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhaoxian Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Lianshan Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Kunming Hu
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Amir E Kaziem
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Department of Environmental Agricultural Science, Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University. Cairo11566, Egypt
| | - Zongzhe He
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xiude Hua
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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31
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Sun M, Tong Z, Dong X, Chu Y, Wang M, Gao T, Duan J. Stereoselective analysis of the chiral fungicide penflufen in wheat plants, spinach, and Chinese cabbage. RSC Adv 2019; 9:9887-9892. [PMID: 35520941 PMCID: PMC9062316 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10455g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Penflufen is a highly efficient, broad-spectrum succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor. Owing to the increasing pesticide resistance in recent years, the use of a new fungicide, penflufen, has become increasingly widespread. However, residues that remain in the environment after the use of penflufen have an impact on human health. It is worth noting that penflufen is a chiral pesticide. The differences of residue behaviors between two enantiomers in living organisms need to be systematically studied. In this paper, reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to separate the enantiomers of penflufen, and the absolute configuration of the enantiomer was analyzed. The LC-MS/MS methods for the analysis of penflufen enantiomers on wheat plants, spinach, and Chinese cabbage were established. The results of the recovery experiments showed that the average recovery of the two enantiomers was 78.5–99.8% and RSD was 0.4–7.3%, suggesting that the accuracy and precision of the method meet the requirements of pesticide residue analysis. The results of stereoselective degradation of penflufen in the three matrices showed that there was little difference in the degradation of the two enantiomers in wheat and cabbage, while R-(+)-penflufen was degraded preferentially in spinach. This study provides data supporting the scientific use and safety evaluation of penflufen. Penflufen is a highly efficient, broad-spectrum succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- MingNa Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei)
| | - Zhou Tong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei)
| | - Xu Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei)
| | - Yue Chu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei)
| | - Mei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei)
| | - TongChun Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei)
| | - JinSheng Duan
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei)
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