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Lin J, Ding X, Gu J, Zhang L, Chao J, Zhang H, Feng S, Guo C, Xu J, Gao Z. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) pollution characteristics, bioaccumulation and human consumption implication in wild marine organisms from the Yellow River Estuary, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116708. [PMID: 38986395 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
As the substitutes of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, organophosphate esters (OPEs) with high concentrations have accumulated in the estuaries, bays, and harbors. However, limited information is available about the OPEs in the estuary organism categories, especially under the multiple industrial pressure. This study investigated the occurrence, bioaccumulation and human consumption implication in wild marine organisms from the Yellow River Estuary, where located many petroleum and chemical manufacturing industries. This study found that concentrations of Σ13OPEs ranged from 547 ng/L to 1164 ng/L in seawater (median: 802 ng/L), from 384 to 1366 ng/g dw in the sediment (median: 601 ng/g dw), and from 419 to 959 ng/g dw (median: 560 ng/g dw) in the marine organisms. The congener compositions in the organisms were dominated by alkyl-OPEs (80.7 %), followed by halogenated-OPEs (18.8 %) and aryl-OPEs (0.5 %). Based on the principal component analysis, petrochemical pollution, and industrial wastewater discharge were distinguished as the main plausible sources of OPEs to the YRE ecosystem. Most OPEs had potential or strong bioaccumulation capacity on the organisms, with a positive correlation between log BAF (Bioaccumulation Factor) and log Kow of OPEs. The highest estimated daily intake value of OPEs was tri-n-propyl phosphate, exceeding 300 ng/kg·bw/day via consuming fish. The highest hazard quotients from OPEs ranged from 0.001 to 0.1, indicating a low risk to human health by consuming marine organisms in the YRE. As the consumption of OPEs increases year by year, the risks of OPEs still cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Lin
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xinshu Ding
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Jinzeng Gu
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Lutao Zhang
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Jinyu Chao
- School of Civil Engineering and Construction and Environment of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Song Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Changsheng Guo
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Zhenhui Gao
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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Chen P, Song Y, Tang L, Qiu Z, Chen J, Xia S, Iyaswamy A, Cai J, Sun Y, Yang C, Wang J. Integrated RNA sequencing and biochemical studies reveal endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy dysregulation contribute to Tri (2-Ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP)-induced cell injury in Sertoli cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124536. [PMID: 39029862 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Tri (2-Ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), widely used as a fire retardant and plasticizer, has been commonly found in the environment. Its potential health-related risks, especially reproductive toxicity, have aroused concern. However, the potential cellular mechanisms remain unexplored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying TEHP-caused cell damage in Sertoli cells, which play a crucial role in supporting spermatogenesis. Our findings indicate that TEHP induces apoptosis in 15P-1 mouse Sertoli cells. Subsequently, we conducted RNA sequencing analyses, which suggested that ER stress, autophagy, and MAPK-related pathways may participate in TEHP-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TEHP triggers ER stress, activates p38 MAPK, and inhibits autophagy flux. Then, we showed that the inhibition of ER stress or p38 MAPK activation attenuates TEHP-induced apoptosis, while the inhibition of autophagy flux is responsible for TEHP-induced apoptosis. These results collectively reveal that TEHP induces ER stress, activates p38, and inhibits autophagy flux, ultimately leading to apoptosis in Sertoli cells. These shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying TEHP-associated testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchen Chen
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yali Song
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Tang
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuolin Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyu Xia
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, India
| | - Jing Cai
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanbin Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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3
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Lang Q, Sun J, Yu X, Wei S, Wei J, Zhang M, Zhao C, Zhang J, Zeng D, Huang B. Environmental exposures to organophosphorus flame retardants in early pregnancy and risks of gestational diabetes mellitus: a nested case-control study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13752. [PMID: 38877153 PMCID: PMC11178875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OPFRs are emerging environmental pollutants with reproductive and endocrine toxicity. This study aimed to examine the association between environmental exposure to OPFRs during early pregnancy and GDM. This nested case-control study was based on a birth cohort that was constructed at a maternal and child health hospital, including 74 cases of GDM among 512 pregnant women. The OPFRs, including TBP, TBEP, TCEP, TDCPP, TMCP, TOCP, and TPHP during 10-14 weeks of pregnancy were determined using GC-MS. The association between the OPFRs and GDM was assessed using WQS and BKMR models. The levels of OPFRs were significantly elevated in GDM patients (60) compared with the controls (90). The WQS analysis showed that mixtures of the OPFRs were significantly associated with GDM (OR 1.370, 95% CI 1.036-1.810, P = 0.027), and TBP, TPHP, and TMCP were the major contributors to the mixed exposure effect. In the BKMR model, individual exposure to TBP, TPHP, and TMCP, and the interaction of TMCP with TBP and TPHP were significantly associated with GDM. Environmental exposure to OPFRs is positively associated with GDM. These findings provide evidence for the adverse effects of OPFR exposure on the health of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 109 Ring City North Second Road, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiali Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire LifeCourse Health, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire LifeCourse Health and Care, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiangyuan Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire LifeCourse Health, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire LifeCourse Health and Care, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Shudan Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire LifeCourse Health, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire LifeCourse Health and Care, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinyan Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire LifeCourse Health, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire LifeCourse Health and Care, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire LifeCourse Health, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire LifeCourse Health and Care, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaochao Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire LifeCourse Health, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire LifeCourse Health and Care, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dingyuan Zeng
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Cohort Study in Pregnant Women With Advanced Age, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, 50 Yingshan Street, Liuzhou, 545001, Guangxi, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire LifeCourse Health, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire LifeCourse Health and Care, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China.
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Wan Y, Li K, Li X, Li X, Chu H, Zhang Q. Purity Assessment of Tripropyl Phosphate through Mass Balance and 1H and 31P Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Molecules 2024; 29:1975. [PMID: 38731466 PMCID: PMC11085218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tripropyl phosphate (TnPP) is a commonly used organic phosphate flame retardant in the textiles, plastics, and coating industries. Residues are commonly detected in samples from the environment and food. The availability of certified reference materials (CRMs) is essential to ensure the accuracy and traceability of detection results. In this study, a comprehensive characterization of a CRM for TnPP was carried out, and its purity was evaluated using two distinct methodologies: mass balance (MB) and quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qNMR). In the MB method, the levels of structurally related organic impurities are 1.37 mg/g. The water content was determined to be 3.16 mg/g, while inorganic impurities were found to be 0.87 mg/g, and no residual organic solvents were detected. Benzoic acid and monocrotophos were chosen as internal standards for 1H-qNMR and 31P-qNMR, respectively. The purity of the TnPP CRM was assessed as 994.6 mg/g, 994.1 mg/g, and 993.5 mg/g using MB, 1H-qNMR, and 31P-qNMR techniques, respectively. The verified purity of the TnPP CRM was ultimately determined to be 994.1 mg/g, with an expanded uncertainty of 3.4 mg/g (k = 2), ensuring traceability to the International System of Units (SI). This CRM can be effectively utilized for preparing calibration solutions suitable for the routine monitoring of TnPP residues in plastics and food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebing Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (H.C.)
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; (K.L.); (X.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Kangcong Li
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; (K.L.); (X.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiuqin Li
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; (K.L.); (X.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; (K.L.); (X.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongtao Chu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Qinghe Zhang
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; (K.L.); (X.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100029, China
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Liu YE, Luo XJ, Huang CC, Lu Q, Wang S, Mai BX. Insights into the occurrence, spatial distribution, and ecological implications of organophosphate triesters in surface sediments from polluted urban rivers across China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170108. [PMID: 38232851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate triesters (tri-OPEs) are a kind of widespread contaminants in the world, particularly in China, which is a major producer and user of tri-OPEs. However, tri-OPE pollution in urban river sediments in China remains unclear. In current work, we carried out the first nationwide investigation to comprehensively monitor 10 conventional and five emerging tri-OPEs in sediments of 173 black-odorous urban rivers throughout China. Concentrations of 10 conventional and five emerging tri-OPEs were 3.8-1240 ng/g dw (mean: 253 ng/g dw) and 0.21-1107 ng/g dw (68 ng/g dw), respectively, and significantly differed among the cities sampled but generally decreased from Northeast and East China to Central and West China. These spatial patterns suggest that tri-OPE pollution was mainly from local sources and was controlled by the industrial and economic development levels in these four areas, as indicated by the significant correlations between tri-OPE concentrations and gross domestic production, gross industrial output, and daily wastewater treatment capacity. Although the tri-OPE composition varied spatially at different sites, which indicated different tri-OPE input patterns, it was commonly dominated by tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (conventional tri-OPEs) and bisphenol A-bis(diphenyl phosphate) and isodecyl diphenyl phosphate (emerging tri-OPEs). A risk assessment indicated that tri-OPEs in most sampling sediments had a low to moderate risk to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-E Liu
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Chen-Chen Huang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qihong Lu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shanquan Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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6
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Borrull S, Borrull F, Marcé RM, Pocurull E. Optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction method for determining high production volume chemicals in fish liver and skin samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141273. [PMID: 38253091 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The aquatic ecosystem is one of the most delicate environments, housing a diverse range of organisms, including fish, all of which are exposed to a wide variety of pollutants. The accumulation of these harmful substances in fish, which are part of the human diet, presents a significant health risk to humans. In our study, we have optimized an extraction technique to determine the presence of 25 high production volume chemicals in liver and skin samples taken from commonly consumed fish species. We have employed ultrasound-assisted extraction in conjunction with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to achieve this goal. Apparent recoveries of the method ranged from 50% to 111% for both sample types with some exceptions such as most of the benzosulfonamides and benzothiazole. Additionally, the method's detection and quantification limits varied from 0.1 to 1.7 ng g-1 (dry weight, d.w) and 0.2-4.5 ng g-1 (d.w), respectively. Our investigation focused on three frequently consumed fish species in Tarragona: sea bass, sea bream, and turbot. Almost all of the samples we analysed contained traces of contaminants, with phthalates being the most commonly detected. The highest concentrations were observed for diethyl phthalate, with levels peaking at 8350 ng g-1 (d.w.). Organophosphate esters, such as triethyl phosphate and tributyl phosphate, also showed notable presence, with peak concentrations of 93.6 and 34.0 ng g-1 (d.w.), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Borrull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Campus Sescelades, Building N4, 43005, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Campus Sescelades, Building N4, 43005, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Marcé
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Campus Sescelades, Building N4, 43005, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Eva Pocurull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Campus Sescelades, Building N4, 43005, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
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Xie C, Qiu N, Xie J, Guan Y, Xu W, Zhang L, Sun Y. Organophosphate esters in seawater and sediments from the low-latitude tropical sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167930. [PMID: 37863231 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the distribution, transport and fate of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the low-latitude tropic sea. Fourteen OPEs were measured in seawater and sediments from the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and South China Sea (SCS). The concentrations of OPEs in seawater and sediments ranged from 7.65-270 ng/L and 9.02-44.9 ng/g dw, respectively. The concentrations of OPEs in surface seawater from the PRE (93.4 ± 16.5 ng/L) were significantly higher than those in SCS (23.6 ± 2.17 ng/L, p < 0.001). OPEs in water from the PRE showed a decreasing trend from upstream to downstream. The salinity of water was an important factor to determine the concentrations of OPEs in the PRE. The annual input of OPEs from the PRE to the SCS was about 304 tons. The concentrations of OPEs in seawater column from the SCS decreased during 5-800 m and showed an increasing pattern from 800 m to 3400 m, indicating that OPEs can transport into deep seawater. TCPP was the most abundant OPEs in water and sediments from the PRE and TCEP was the predominant OPEs in the SCS. This work highlights long-range transport of OPEs by seawater to the deep sea environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmin Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Ning Qiu
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Jinli Xie
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yufeng Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weihai Xu
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572019, China
| | - Li Zhang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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8
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Chen M, Tian J, Gan Z, Wu J, Ding S, Su S. Tissue distribution and trophic transfer of organophosphate triesters and diesters in three marine mammals of the Liaodong Bay and the Northern Yellow Sea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132694. [PMID: 37804757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Tissue (muscle, liver, kidney, lung, and heart) distribution and trophic transfer of organophosphate (OP) triesters and diesters in stranded 10 minke whales, 20 spotted seals and 27 East Asian finless porpoises from the Liaodong Bay and the Northern Yellow Sea were evaluated. The OP triesters and diesters were widely found in the tissues of the three marine mammals and their preys, with mean concentrations ranging from below the limits of detection (LOD) to 4342 μg/kg dry weight (dw) and from below the LOD to 1460 μg/kg dw, respectively. Tissue-specific distribution of the OP triesters or diesters were found in the investigated marine mammals with chemical-specific and species-specific. Log Kow negatively affect the accumulation of OP diesters in the marine mammals (p < 0.05), which related to their accumulation pathway in the tissues. The biological traits of the three marine mammals, body length, gender and age could affect the distribution of several OP triesters or diesters. Yet more concern is that significantly biological magnification was found for bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) with trophic magnification factor (TMF) of 5.36 and for tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP)(TMF:2.88) along with the finless porpoise food web. These results considerably contribute to expanding understanding of OP triesters or diesters pollution on the organisms in marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Jiashen Tian
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Marine Mammals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhiwei Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jinhao Wu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Marine Mammals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Sanglan Ding
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shijun Su
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Lv YZ, Luo XJ, Lu RF, Chen LJ, Zeng YH, Mai BX. Multi-pathway exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in a southern Chinese population: Main route identification with compound-specificity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108352. [PMID: 38041984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted comprehensive organophosphorus flame retardant (PFR) exposure assessments of both dietary and non-dietary pathways in a rural population in southern China. Skin wipes were collected from 30 volunteers. Indoor and outdoor air (gas and particles), dust in the houses of these volunteers, and foodstuffs consumed by these volunteers were simultaneously collected. The total PFR concentrations in dust, gas, and PM2.5 varied from 53.8 to 5.14 × 105 ng/g, 0.528 to 4.27 ng/m3, and 0.390 to 16.5 ng/m3, respectively. The forehead (median of 1.36 × 103 ng/m2) and hand (median of 920 ng/m2) exhibited relatively high PFR concentrations, followed by the forearm (median of 440 ng/m2) and upper arm (median of 230 ng/m2). The PFR concentrations in the food samples varied from 0.0700 to 10.9 ng/g wet weight in the order of egg > roast duck/goose and vegetable > pork > chicken > fish. Tris(1-chloro-isopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the main PFR in the non-diet samples, whereas the profiles of PFR individuals varied by food type. Among the multiple pathways investigated (inhalation, dermal exposure, dust ingestion, and food ingestion), dermal absorption and dust ingestion were the predominant pathways for tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and bisphenol A-bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP), respectively, whereas dietary exposure was the most important route for other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Zhi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Rui-Feng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Liu-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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10
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Liu YE, Luo XJ, Ding HC, Qi L, Tang B, Mai BX, Poma G, Covaci A. Organophosphate diesters (DAPs) and hydroxylated organophosphate flame retardants (HO-OPFRs) as biomarkers of OPFR contamination in a typical freshwater food chain. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139649. [PMID: 37495043 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) can rapidly biotransform into two types of metabolites in biota: (1) organophosphate diesters (DAPs) and (2) hydroxylated OPFRs (HO-OPFRs). Therefore, the levels of parent OPFRs alone are not sufficient to indicate OPFR pollution in biological organisms. This study analyzed 12 OPFR metabolites, including 6 DAPs and 6 HO-OPFRs, in a typical freshwater food chain consisted of crucian carp, catfish, mud carp, snakehead, and oriental river prawn. The total concentrations of OPFR metabolites were comparable to those of parent OPFRs, and ranged from 0.65 to 17 ng/g ww. Bis(2-butoxyethyl) 3'-hydroxy-2-butoxyethyl phosphate (14%-77%), di-n-butyl phosphate (DNBP) (6.7%-24%), bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) (0.7%-35%), and 1-hydroxy-2-propyl bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPHIPP) (6.0%-24%) were the major OPFR metabolites. Various aquatic species exhibited significant differences in their OPFR metabolite/parent ratios (MPR) (p < 0.05), indicating varying biotransformation potentials of different organisms for various OPFRs. The growth-independent accumulation of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP), tris(chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), triphenyl phosphate, and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate in mud carps could be explained by their biotransformation potential. A significant negative correlation was found between the concentration of bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate and δ15N values (p < 0.05), with a calculated trophic magnification factor (TMF) of 0.66. Significant positive correlations were observed between BCIPP and TCIPP (R2 = 0.25, p < 0.05), as well as between DNBP and TNBP (R2 = 0.30, p < 0.01), implying that these two DAPs could be used as biomarkers to quantitatively assess TCIPP and TNBP contamination in wild aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
| | - Hong-Chang Ding
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lin Qi
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
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11
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Tang J, Zhang C, Jia Y, Fang J, Mai BX. Phytoplankton Biological Pump Controls the Spatiotemporal Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Antibiotics in a Large Subtropical River. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14002-14014. [PMID: 37667590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal bioaccumulation, trophic transfer of antibiotics, and regulation of the phytoplankton biological pump were quantitatively evaluated in the Pearl River, South China. The occurrence of antibiotics in organisms indicated a significant spatiotemporal trend associated with the life cycle of phytoplankton. Higher temporal bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were found in phytoplankton at the bloom site, while lower BAFs of antibiotics in organisms could not be explained by phytoplankton biomass dilution but were attributed to the low bioavailability of antibiotics, which was highly associated with distribution coefficients (R2 = 0.480-0.595, p < 0.05). Such lower BAFs of antibiotics in phytoplankton at higher biomass sites hampered the entry of antibiotics into food webs, and trophic dilutions were subsequently observed for antibiotics except for ciprofloxacin (CFX) and sulfamerazine (SMZ) at sites with blooms in all seasons. Distribution of CFX, norfloxacin (NFX), and sulfapyridine (SPD) showed further significant positive relationships with the plasma protein fraction (R2 = 0.275-0.216, p < 0.05). Both mean BAFs and trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were significantly negatively correlated with phytoplankton biomass (R2 = 0.661-0.741, p < 0.05). This study highlights the importance of the biological pump in the regulation of spatiotemporal variations in bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of antibiotics in anthropogenic-impacted eutrophic rivers in subtropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Tang
- School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ji Fang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, P. R. China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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12
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Gu L, Hu B, Fu Y, Zhou W, Li X, Huang K, Zhang Q, Fu J, Zhang H, Zhang A, Fu J, Jiang G. Occurrence and risk assessment of organophosphate esters in global aquatic products. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 240:120083. [PMID: 37224669 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), as an important class of new pollutants, have been pervasively detected in global aquatic products, arousing widespread public concern due to their potential bioaccumulative behavior and consequent risks. With the continuous improvement of living standards of citizens, there have been constant increment of the proportion of aquatic products in diets of people. The levels of OPEs exposed to residents may also be rising due to the augmented consumption of aquatic products, posing potential hazards on human health, especially for people in coastal areas. The present study integrated the concentrations, profiles, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer of OPEs in global aquatic products, including Mollusca, Crustacea, and fish, evaluated health risks of OPEs through aquatic products in daily diets by Mont Carol Simulation (MCS), and found Asia has been the most polluted area in terms of the concentration of OPEs in aquatic products, and would have been increasingly polluted. Among all studied OPEs, chlorinated OPEs generally showed accumulation predominance. It is worth noting that some OPEs were found bioaccumulated and/or biomagnified in aquatic ecosystems. Though MCS revealed relative low exposure risks of residents, sensitive and special groups such as children, adolescents, and fishermen may face more serious health risks than the average residents. Finally, knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research are discussed encouraging more long-term and systematic global monitoring, comprehensive studies of novel OPEs and OPEs metabolites, and more toxicological studies to completely evaluate the potential risks of OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Gu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Boyuan Hu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yilin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jie Fu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China
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13
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Li M, Tang B, Zheng J, Luo W, Xiong S, Ma Y, Ren M, Yu Y, Luo X, Mai B. Typical organic contaminants in hair of adult residents between inland and coastal capital cities in China: Differences in levels and composition profiles, and potential impact factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161559. [PMID: 36649778 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The growing of urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural production have resulted in the increasing contamination of typical organic contaminants (OCs) in China. However, data on differences in exposure characteristics of typical OCs between the coastal and inland cities among residents in China are limited. In this study, hair samples were collected from adult residents in 10 and 17 provincial capital cities in coastal and inland China, respectively, to investigate the differences in the levels and composition profiles of typical OCs. The potential factors impacting the human exposure to OCs were also examined based on the relationship among the hair OC levels and the population characteristics and statistical indicators. The median concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane's (DDTs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) in hair of coastal urban residents were 3.64, 5.58, and 268 ng/g, respectively, while their concentrations in samples from inland urban residents were 1.84, 3.85, and 202 ng/g, respectively. Coastal residents showed significantly higher hair OC concentrations than inland residents (p < 0.05). BDE209 and p,p'-DDE were the predominant chemicals for PBDEs and DDTs, respectively, in both coastal and inland cities. Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) was the dominant PFR in coastal residents' hair, while triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) was the major PFR in inland residents' hair, possibly owing to the different usages of the PFRs. Significant gender differences were observed in the levels and composition profiles of OCs (p < 0.05). The levels of p,p'-DDE and TCIPP were significantly related to the gross domestic product (GDP), gross secondary industry product, and the per capita consumption of aquatic products (p < 0.05). This study provides scientific data for evaluating human exposure to OCs in urban residents at a large scale and its associations with statistical indicators including urbanization, industrialization, agricultural production, and diet in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China.
| | - Weikeng Luo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Shimao Xiong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Yan Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Mingzhong Ren
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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14
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Sha W, Wang Y, Cai F, Zhang C, Wang C, Chen J, Liu C, Wang R, Gao P. Regional distribution of the plastic additive tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate in Nanyang Lake estuary, China, and toxic effects on Cyprinus carpio. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:53566-53576. [PMID: 36862296 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing concern regarding the toxicological effects of plastic additives on humans and aquatic organisms. This study investigated effects of the plastic additive tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) on Cyprinus carpio by measuring concentration distribution of TBEP in the Nanyang Lake estuary, as well as toxic effects of varying doses of TBEP exposure on carp liver. This also included measuring responses of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease (caspase). Concentrations of TBEP in the polluted water environment (water company inlets, urban sewage pipes, etc.) in the survey area were as high as 76.17-3875.29 μg/L, and 3.12 μg/L in the river flowing through the urban area, and 1.18 μg/L in the estuary of the lake. In the subacute toxicity test, SOD activity in liver tissue with an increase in TBEP concentration was reduced significantly, while the MDA content continued to increase with an increase in TBEP concentration. Inflammatory response factors (TNF-α and IL-1β) and apoptotic proteins (caspase-3 and caspase-9) gradually increased with increasing concentrations of TBEP. Additionally, reduced organelles, increased lipid droplets, swelling of mitochondria, and disorder of mitochondrial cristae structure were observed in liver cells of TBEP-treated carp. Generally, TBEP exposure induced severe oxidative stress in carp liver tissue, resulting in release of inflammatory factors and inflammatory response, mitochondrial structure changes, and the expression of apoptotic proteins. These findings benefit our understanding about the toxicological effects of TBEP in aquatic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilai Sha
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengsen Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunchen Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Peike Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Zeng X, Hu Q, Zhang J, Song Q, Xu L, Liang Y, Wu Y, Yu Z. Regional Distribution of Atmospheric Organophosphate Tri-/Diesters in the Pearl River Delta: Possible Emission, Photo-degradation, and Atmospheric Transportation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4415-4423. [PMID: 36883959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The regional characteristics of atmospheric organophosphate triesters (OPEs) and organophosphate diesters (Di-OPs) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) were investigated by passive air samplers mounting quartz fiber filters. The analytes were found on a regional scale. Atmospheric OPEs, semi-quantified using sampling rates of particulate-bonded PAHs, were in the range of 537-2852 pg/m3 in spring and in the range of 106-2055 pg/m3 in summer, with tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) and tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate as the main components. While atmospheric Di-OPs were semi-quantified using sampling rates of SO42-, in the range of 22.5-5576 pg/m3 in spring and in the range of 66.9-1019 pg/m3 in summer, with di-n-butyl phosphate and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) being the main Di-OPs. Our results indicated that OPEs were mainly distributed in the central part of the region, which might be ascribed to the distribution of industry related to OPE-containing products. In contrast, Di-OPs were scattered in the PRD, suggesting local emission from their direct industrial application. Significantly lower levels of TCEP, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), and DPHP were detected in summer than in spring, implying that these compounds might be partitioned off particles as the temperature increased and due to possible photo-transformation of TPHP and DPHP. The results also suggested the long-distance atmospheric transportation potential of Di-OPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiongpu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Jiangxi Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences and Planning, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Yi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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16
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Huang Q, Hou R, Lin L, Li H, Liu S, Cheng Y, Xu X. Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Organophosphate Flame Retardants and Their Metabolites in the Estuarine Food Web of the Pearl River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3549-3561. [PMID: 36826812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and trophodynamics of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and their metabolites were investigated in the estuarine food web of the Pearl River, China. The mean ∑OPFR concentration among the investigated species increased in the following order: fish [431 ± 346 ng/g lipid weight (lw)] < snail (1310 ± 621 ng/g lw) < shrimp (1581 ± 1134 ng/g lw) < crab (1744 ± 1397 ng/g lw). The di-alkyl phosphates (DAPs) of di-(n-butyl) phosphate (DNBP), bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP), and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) were the most abundant metabolites, with concentrations same as or even higher than their corresponding parent compounds. The log bioaccumulation factors for most OPFRs were lower than 3.70, and significant biomagnification was only found for trisphenyl phosphate [TPHP, with the trophic magnification factors (TMFs) > 1]. The TMFs of OPFRs, except for TPHP and tributyl phosphate had a positive correlation with lipophilicity (log KOW, p ≤ 0.05) and a negative correlation with the biotransformation rate (log KM, p ≤ 0.05). The mean TMF > 1 was observed for all of the OPFR metabolites based on the bootstrap regression method. The "pseudo-biomagnification" of OPFR metabolites might be attributed to the biotransformation of OPFRs in organisms at high trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Lang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Hengxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yuanyue Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510301, China
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He W, Ding J, Liu W, Zhong W, Zhu L, Zhu L, Feng J. Occurrence, bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of organophosphate esters in marine food webs: Evidence from three bays in Bohai Sea, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160658. [PMID: 36473656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the widespread use of organophosphate esters (OPEs), the occurrence and trophic transfer of OPEs have attracted attentions in ecosystems. However, as the final sink for these chemicals, the bioaccumulations and trophodynamics of OPEs in marine ecosystems are still not clear. In this study, seawater, sediment and marine organisms collected from Bohai Bay (BHB), Laizhou Bay (LZB), and Liaodong Bay (LDB) in Bohai Sea (BS), China were analyzed to investigate the occurrence, bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of typical OPEs. Total concentration of OPEs (∑9 OPEs) in surface water in LZB (255.8 ± 36.44 ng/L) and BHB (209.6 ± 35.61 ng/L) was higher than that in LDB (170.0 ± 63.73 ng/L). Marine organisms in LZB accumulated the highest concentrations of OPEs among the 3 bays (∑10OPEs, 70.56 ± 61.36 ng/g ww). Average bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of OPEs in marine organism in BHB, LZB, and LDB was ranged from -2.48 to 0.16, from -2.96 to 1.78, and from -2.59 to 0.59. We also found that trophic magnification factors (TMF) are generally <1, which suggested trophic dilutions of OPEs in BS, China. Nevertheless, the relatively high OPEs levels in BS still may bring potential risks to ecosystem and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu He
- Key laboratory of Pollution process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, China
| | - Jiaqi Ding
- Key laboratory of Pollution process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, China
| | - Wanni Liu
- Key laboratory of Pollution process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, China
| | - Wenjue Zhong
- Key laboratory of Pollution process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key laboratory of Pollution process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key laboratory of Pollution process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Key laboratory of Pollution process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, China.
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18
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Fan Q, Chen H, Liao Q, Zhang C, Ding Y, Zou X, Fu G. Distribution of organophosphate ester fractions in sediment of the Eastern China Marginal Seas and the influencing factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:23810-23819. [PMID: 36329246 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23921-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic pollutant fractions should be closely investigated because of their different ecological risks. In this study, we examined the distribution of organophosphate ester (OPE) fractions (labile, stable-adsorbed, and tight-adsorbed fractions) in sediments from Eastern China Marginal Seas (ECMSs) and assessed the influencing factor of the fractions. The mean values of total OPEs in ECMSs are 13.70 ± 6.16 μg L-1 in seawater and 32.04 ± 14.31 μg kg-1 in sediment. The results showed that OPE concentration decreased from the northern to the southern ECMSs, and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate were the primary OPEs. The mean contents of labile, stable-adsorbed, and tight-adsorbed fractions in the ECMSs were 9.50, 11.29, and 11.71 μg kg-1, respectively. Labile OPEs were predominant in offshore waters; the percentage of stable- and tight-adsorbed fractions increased progressively with offshore distance in ECMSs. The specific surface area and surface functional groups of sediment were not consistent with the fraction concentrations from the correlation coefficient, but the gross domestic product per coastline agreed well with the fraction distribution. Based on this, we conclude that human activity, rather than physicochemical characteristics of sediments, may be the primary influencing factor of the relative distribution of different OPE concentration fractions in ECMSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinya Fan
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qihang Liao
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yongcheng Ding
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinqing Zou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Guanghe Fu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Wang S, Zheng N, Sun S, Ji Y, An Q, Li X, Li Z, Zhang W. Bioaccumulation of organophosphorus flame retardants in marine organisms in Liaodong Bay and their potential ecological risks based on species sensitivity distribution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120812. [PMID: 36473644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in aquatic environments have received increasing concern, little information is available on their bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in marine food webs. Consequently, the risks of OPFRs to marine ecosystems are unknown. In this study, seven OPFR compounds in marine biological samples collected from Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea, were analyzed to evaluate their level and biological amplification effect in the marine food web. The total OPFRs of marine organisms in Liaodong Bay ranged from 2.60 to 776 ng/g ww, and lipids were critical factors affecting the concentration of OPFRs in marine species. Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) were the OPFRs most frequently detected in marine species. Still, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) was dominant in most marine species (16/24), and the content of chlorinated OPFRs was highest. At the same time, alkyl OPFRs and aryl OPFRs accounted for the same proportion. No correlation between OPFR concentration and the trophic level was observed in marine organisms from Liaodong Bay. It was shown in the results of the species sensitivity distribution that TCIPP in Chinese seawater does not pose a potential ecological risk to marine species. However, much work remains to be done on accumulating information and the ecological risks of OPFRs in different marine food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China.
| | - Siyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Yining Ji
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Qirui An
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Zimeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
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20
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Yang Y, Luo M, Qi Z, Fan Z, Hashmi MZ, Li G, Yu Y. Temporal trends and health risks of organophosphorus flame retardants in fishes in Taihu Lake from 2013 to 2018. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120733. [PMID: 36435280 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are synthetic, physical additive flame retardants widely detected in the environment. To investigate the temporal trends of OPFRs in Taihu regions and the associated health risks from fish consumption, 150 fish samples of five species were collected from Taihu Lake in China from 2013 to 2018. Eight OPFRs were measured, having 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (90.7%) and tris (1,3-dichloro-2 propyl) phosphate (21.5%) as the most and least frequently detected OPFRs, respectively. Among the eight OPFRs, tris (chloropropyl) phosphate concentration (446 pg/g, wet weight) was higher than others. The maximum cumulative concentration of the OPFRs (∑8OPFRs) was observed in large icefish (1.69 × 103 pg/g), while silver carp (841 pg/g) had the lowest. For the temporal trends, higher levels of ∑8OPFRs (1.91 × 103 pg/g) were detected in 2013 than in other years, although no significant change in the trend occurred over time. The estimated daily intake of OPFRs from large icefish consumption was 1.20 × 103 pg/kg-bw/day, higher than that of other fish species. The Monte Carlo simulations showed that ≤0.3% of adults and children would suffer non-cancer health risks from OPFRs via fish consumption. This study provides the first data on temporal trends of OPFRs in Taihu Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Meiqiong Luo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | | | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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21
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He J, Ma H, Wang Z, Li H, Fan H, Lian L, Wu M, Song S, Zhang J, Huang T, Gao H, Ma J. Atmospheric deposition contributed mostly to organophosphorus flame retardant entering into the Bohai Sea, China. iScience 2022; 26:105706. [PMID: 36619969 PMCID: PMC9813716 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric emission sources of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in China's eastern seaboard regions cause heavy POP contamination in the Bohai Sea (BS), China. Because many rivers are emptying into the BS, terrestrial runoff has been considered a dominant pathway of POPs onto the BS. Here, we explored the contribution of atmospheric transport and terrestrial runoff to organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) to the BS by using an atmospheric transport model and a terrestrial runoff model. We examined the sensitivity and response of OPFR in the BS seawater to its atmospheric transport, deposition, and riverine discharge via terrestrial runoff. Both terrestrial runoff and atmospheric transport model simulations reveal that the atmospheric transport and deposition, including dry, wet, and diffusive gaseous deposition, dominate OPFR input into the BS. The total OPFR fluxes entering the BS via the atmospheric pathway and riverine input were 70.4 and 2.8 t/yr in 2013, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Ma
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Haoyue Fan
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Lian
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Min Wu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Song
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hong Gao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China,Corresponding author
| | - Jianmin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China,Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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22
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Pantelaki I, Voutsa D. Occurrence and removal of organophosphate esters in municipal wastewater treatment plants in Thessaloniki, Greece. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113908. [PMID: 35843273 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An integrate study regarding the occurrence and fate of eleven organophosphate esters (OPEs) was conducted at two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the area of Thessaloniki, Greece. Both plants employed conventional activated sludge process whereas as last treatment step the first unit use chlorination and the second one ozonation. OPEs were determined in dissolved fraction, total suspended solids and sludge from various treatment stages of WWTPs. Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TClPP) and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) were the most abundant compounds in influent and treated effluent. Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) was also abundant in suspended solids and sludge. Total concentrations of ∑11OPEs ranged from 2144 to 9743 ng L-1 in influents, 1237-2909 ng L-1 in effluents and 3332-14294 ng g-1 dw in sludge. Removal rates from 55% to 80% were observed for most OPEs, whereas chlorinated OPEs, especially for tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) exhibited low removal efficiency. Mass balance analysis showed that biodegradation was the dominant removal mechanism contributing up to 85%. Sorption onto sludge was also relevant removal pathway for most compounds. Emissions of OPEs through effluents and sludge did not pose considerable risk to the aquatic and terrestrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Pantelaki
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Voutsa
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Zhang W, Giesy JP, Wang P. Organophosphate esters in agro-foods: Occurrence, sources and emerging challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154271. [PMID: 35245542 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Safety and sustainable agro-food production is important for food and nutrition security. Agro-foods safety is challenged by various emerging environmental contaminants. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been reported to occur in various agro-food items worldwide, which has resulted in increasing concerns for effects on health of humans and wildlife, including through agriculture. However, information on presence, sources and transfer routes of OPEs in agro-foods, and consequent health risks remains scant. This review critically evaluates available information on concentrations of OPEs in various agro-foods, and discusses potential sources of OPEs in agro-foods, which are closely related to the ambient agri-environment, agricultural inputs, and agro-foods processing. Some directions for future research are suggested. First, since food is an important exposure pathway to OPEs, systematic monitoring of concentrations of OPEs in various categories of agro-foods is recommended. Second, surveillance of concentrations and characteristics of OPEs in agro-foods and ambient agri-environments, agricultural inputs or processing in the agro-food chain is needed to obtain a more complete description of exposure and transmission behavior of OPEs in agro-foods. Third, future comprehensive studies of transmission, metabolism and accumulation of OPEs in animals or plants, are required. Finally, measures to control emissions of OPEs as sources to agriculture should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5B3, Canada; Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, PR China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Fang L, Liu A, Zheng M, Wang L, Hua Y, Pan X, Xu H, Chen X, Lin Y. Occurrence and distribution of organophosphate flame retardants in seawater and sediment from coastal areas of the East China and Yellow Seas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 302:119017. [PMID: 35192883 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPEs) are manmade organic pollutants that are widely used as flame retardants, plasticizers, and antifoaming and hydraulic agents. In this study, seven OPEs in seawater and sediment from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea were determined to study the distribution and diffusion behavior, and to evaluate the environmental risks. The ΣOPEs in the seawater and sediments ranged from below the method detection limit (<MDL) to 497.40 ng/L and from < MDL to 66.50 ng/g dw, respectively. Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tris-(1, 3-Dichloro-2-Propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), and tri-meta-cresyl phosphate (TmCP) were the dominant OPEs in the seawater and sediments. OPEs were mainly distributed in coastal areas and the South Yellow Sea, indicating that they are mainly affected by land-based pollution and ocean currents. Fugacity analysis shows that tri-para-cresyl phosphate (TpCP) was in a state of equilibrium, while TDCPP, TnBP, and TmCP other OPEs tended to diffuse from sediment to water. The diffusion behavior of OPEs is mainly affected by their chemical properties. Hazard quotient (HQ) values of TmCP and TpCP in sediment samples were >1.0, indicating high ecological risks to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Fang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China
| | - Aifeng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China
| | - Minggang Zheng
- Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yi Hua
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Pan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yongfeng Lin
- School of Public Health, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China
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Xie J, Pei N, Sun Y, Chen Z, Cheng Y, Chen L, Xie C, Dai S, Zhu C, Luo X, Zhang L, Mai B. Bioaccumulation and translocation of organophosphate esters in a Mangrove Nature Reserve from the Pearl River Estuary, South China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:127909. [PMID: 34863572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the distribution and bioaccumulation of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in mangrove ecosystems. In this study, water, sediments, plants and animals were collected from Qi'ao Island Mangrove Nature Reserve to investigate the levels, bioaccumulation and biomagnification of OPEs. Concentrations of ΣOPEs in the mangrove plant Sonneratia apetala (an exotic species) were greater than those in Kandelia obovata (a native species). Translocation factors of OPEs in the two mangrove tree species were greater than 1, indicating that OPEs were mainly absorbed in aboveground tissues. Concentrations of OPEs in mangrove trees and animals were negatively correlated with their log Kow, suggesting that accumulation of OPEs in mangrove biota was influenced by hydrophobicity. A significant difference for concentrations of ΣOPEs was found among the eight mangrove animal species. Concentrations of ΣOPEs in mangrove animals were related with lipid contents, feeding habits and Kow of OPEs. Biota-sediment accumulation factor of OPEs was larger than 1, suggesting that bioaccumulation of OPEs occurred in mangrove animals. The targeted OPEs except isodecyl diphenyl phosphate were not biomagnified in mangrove animals. This study highlights bioaccumulation of OPEs in mangrove biota and suggests further concern about the ecological risk of OPEs to mangrove biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nancai Pei
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Zhongyang Chen
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Yuanyue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Laiguo Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ecological Environment Simulation and Protection, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Chenmin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shouhui Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Chunyou Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Sala B, Giménez J, Fernández-Arribas J, Bravo C, Lloret-Lloret E, Esteban A, Bellido JM, Coll M, Eljarrat E. Organophosphate ester plasticizers in edible fish from the Mediterranean Sea: Marine pollution and human exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118377. [PMID: 34656682 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of organophosphate esters (OPEs) plasticizers were analysed in the present study. Fifty-five fish samples belonging to three highly commercial species, European sardine (Sardina pilchardus), European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), and European hake (Merluccius merluccius), were taken from the Western Mediterranean Sea. OPEs were detected in all individuals, except for two hake samples, with concentrations between 0.38 and 73.4 ng/g wet weight (ww). Sardines presented the highest mean value with 20.5 ± 20.1 ng/g ww, followed by anchovies with 14.1 ± 8.91 ng/g ww and hake with 2.48 ± 1.76 ng/g ww. The lowest OPE concentrations found in hake, which is a partial predator of anchovy and sardine, and the higher δ15N values (as a proxy of trophic position), may indicate the absence of OPEs biomagnification. Eleven out of thirteen tested OPEs compounds were detected, being diphenyl cresyl phosphate (DCP) one of the most frequently detected in all the species. The highest concentration values were obtained for tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDClPP), trihexyl phosphate (THP), and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), for sardines, anchovies, and hakes, respectively. The human health risk associated with the consumption of these fish species showing that their individual consumption would not pose a considerable threat to public health regarding OPE intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Sala
- Water, Environment and Food Chemistry, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Giménez
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Marine and Renewable Energy (MaREI), Marine Ecology Group, Beaufort, Building, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Ringaskiddy, Ireland
| | - Julio Fernández-Arribas
- Water, Environment and Food Chemistry, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Bravo
- Water, Environment and Food Chemistry, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Lloret-Lloret
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Esteban
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Varadero 1 Apdo 22, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - José María Bellido
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Varadero 1 Apdo 22, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Coll
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Water, Environment and Food Chemistry, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Bekele TG, Zhao H, Yang J, Chegen RG, Chen J, Mekonen S, Qadeer A. A review of environmental occurrence, analysis, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of organophosphate esters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:49507-49528. [PMID: 34378126 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ban and restriction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and major brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), due to their confirmed detrimental effects on wildlife and humans have paved the way for the wide application of organophosphate esters (OPEs). OPEs have been extensively used as alternative flame retardants, plasticizer, and antifoaming agents in various industrial and consumer products, which leads to an increase in production, usage, and discharge in the environment. We compile recent information on the production/usage and physicochemical properties of OPEs and discussed and compared the available sample treatment and analysis techniques of OPEs, including extraction, clean-up, and instrumental analysis. The occurrence of OPEs in sediment, aquatic biota, surface, and drinking water is documented. Toxicity, human exposure, and ecological risks of OPEs were summarized; toxicological data of several OPEs shows different adverse health effects on aquatic organisms and humans. Much attention was given to document evidence regarding the bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential of OPEs in aquatic organisms. Finally, identified research gaps and avenues for future studies are forwarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadiyose Girma Bekele
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Department of Natural Resource Management, Arba Minch University, 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Ruth Gebretsadik Chegen
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No.1 Linghai Road, High-tech Zone District, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Seblework Mekonen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Chen Y, Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Wu X, Xiao Q, Deng Y, Li M, Li C, Qiu H, Lu S. Perchlorate in shellfish from South China Sea and implications for human exposure. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 170:112672. [PMID: 34218037 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Shellfish can absorb and accumulate contaminants. The consumption of shellfish could expose humans to pollutants and increase related health risk. Perchlorate (ClO4-) is a ubiquitous pollutant and could affect thyroid functions, especially for children and pregnant women. However, knowledge on the contamination of perchlorate in aquatic food such as shellfish remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the abundances of perchlorate in shellfish from South China Sea and to assess human exposure risks. A total of 178 shellfish samples from eight species were collected from offshore aquaculture waters in South China Sea. Perchlorate was detected in 99.4% of them, suggesting widespread pollution in coastal waters. Concentrations of perchlorate ranged from not detected (N.D.) to 71.5 μg kg-1, with a median value of 4.33 μg kg-1. Estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) were used to assess human exposure dose and health risks, respectively. The HQ values were determined to be less than 1, indicating no significant health risks to local residents via shellfish consumption. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate perchlorate contamination in South China shellfish and assess potential human risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qinru Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yilan Deng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Minhui Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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29
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Zhang L, Lu L, Zhu W, Yang B, Lu D, Dan SF, Zhang S. Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in the seawater and sediments of the Qinzhou Bay, Northern Beibu Gulf: Occurrence, distribution, and ecological risks. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112368. [PMID: 33901908 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, distributions, and ecological risks of 11 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) were investigated in the seawater and sediment samples from the Qinzhou Bay. The Σ11OPFRs in the surface seawater and sediments ranged from 150 to 885 ng/L and from <the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 32.2 ng/g dw, respectively, with high levels of OPFRs in the industrialized and port areas. Tris (2-chloro-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP) were the dominant OPFRs in the surface seawater and sediments. The Σ11OPFRs concentrations in the sediment core ranged 1.2-18.6 ng/g dw and the vertical trends showed a recent increase of OPFRs emissions, especially for TNBP and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP). Risk assessment revealed that individual OPFR could pose low to medium ecological risks, but the risk from the mixture of OPFRs on aquatic organisms requires more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536007, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- Qinzhou Marine Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Qinzhou 53500, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Qinzhou Marine Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Qinzhou 53500, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China.
| | - Dongliang Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Solomon Felix Dan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhang
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536007, China
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30
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Tissue-Specific Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Frogs. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060124. [PMID: 34072704 PMCID: PMC8228168 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Five types of tissues, including the liver, kidney, intestine, lung, and heart, were collected from black-spotted frogs and bullfrogs to study the tissue-specific accumulation of organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and plasticizers. Thirteen PFRs and nine plasticizers were detected, with average total concentrations of 1.4–13 ng/g ww and 858–5503 ng/g ww in black-spotted frogs, 3.6–46 ng/g ww and 355–3504 ng/g ww in bullfrogs. Significant differences in pollutant concentrations among different tissues in the two frog species were found, indicating the specific selectivity distribution of PFRs and plasticizers. Overall, liver tissues exhibited significantly higher pollutant concentrations. The pollutant concentration ratios of other tissue to the sum of liver tissue and other tissues (OLR, Cother/(Cother + Cliver)) corresponding to male frogs were significantly greater than those of females, suggesting that male frogs could have higher metabolic potentials for PFRs and plasticizers. No obvious correlations between OLR and log KOW were found, indicating that the other factors (e.g., bioaccumulation pathway and metabolism) besides lipophicity could influence the deposition of PFRs and plasticizers in frog livers. Different parental transfer patterns for PFRs and plasticizers were observed in frogs when using different tissues as parental tissues. Moreover, the liver tissues had similar parental transfer mechanism with muscle tissues.
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31
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Liu YE, Luo XJ, Liu Y, Zeng YH, Mai BX. Bioaccumulation of legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in insects during metamorphosis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124688. [PMID: 33316674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seven insect taxa belonging to five different orders were collected from a former Chinese e-waste dumping site to investigate the occurrences of organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and plasticizers. The total PFR and plasticizer concentrations were in the ranges of 2.3-91 ng/g ww (median: 20 ng/g ww) and 420-15600 ng/g ww (4040 ng/g ww), respectively. The contaminant patterns varied greatly among different insect taxa owing to their specific habitats and feeding habits. The larvae of litchi stinkbugs and grasshoppers exhibited significantly higher PFR concentrations than their adult counterparts. In contrast, the adults of butterflies, moths, and dragonflies exhibited significantly higher PFR concentrations than their larvae. Additionally, negative linear correlations were frequently observed between the ratios of PFR and plasticizer concentrations in adult to larva (A/L) and log KOW in the four studied insect taxa, which were different from those corresponding to persistent organic pollutants. Notably, the contaminant concentrations of dragonfly ecdysis were significantly higher than those of dragonfly larvae, indicating that ecdysis is an important pathway by which dragonflies remove PFRs and plasticizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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Jiao E, Hu X, Li L, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Yin D, Qiu Y. Occurrence and risk evaluation of organophosphorus flame retardants in two urban rivers in Yangtze River Delta. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:146. [PMID: 33635436 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and profiles of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) were investigated in the Huangpu and Shiwuli Rivers, two urban rivers in the Yangtze River Delta, China. The total concentrations of OPEs were found at part-per-trillion ranges, with average concentrations that ranged from 424 to 1.84 × 103 ng L-1 for Huangpu River and 221 to 1.84 × 103 ng L-1 for Shiwuli River. Three chlorinated OPFRs including tris(chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), and tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) were the most abundant compounds among the investigated OPFRs, accounting for 90.6-99.8% of total concentrations. In Huangpu River, the OPFR concentrations were significantly higher in the dry season than in the wet season which indicates obvious seasonal variation. Chlorinated OPFR concentrations differed significantly between upstream and downstream reaches of the Shiwuli River, as the result of geographic features and wastewater discharge. Estimated risk was calculated to compare predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) to observed concentrations of OPFRs. The results indicated no significant acute adverse effects of OPFRs in the two urban rivers for fish, daphnia, or algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enmiao Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- Shanghai Hydraulic Engineering Group Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201612, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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33
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Zhong M, Wu H, Li F, Shan X, Ji C. Proteomic analysis revealed gender-specific responses of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) to trichloropropyl phosphate (TCPP) exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115537. [PMID: 32892020 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trichloropropyl phosphate (TCPP) is a halogenated organophosphate ester that is widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers. In this study, gender-specific accumulation and responses in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to TCPP exposure were focused and highlighted. After TCPP (100 nmol L-1) exposure for 42 days, male mussels showed similar average bioaccumulation (37.14 ± 6.09 nmol g-1 fat weight (fw)) of TCPP with that in female mussels (32.28 ± 4.49 nmol g-1 fw). Proteomic analysis identified 219 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between male and female mussels in control group. There were 52 and 54 DEPs induced by TCPP in male and female mussels, respectively. Interestingly, gender-specific DEPs included 37 and 41 DEPs induced by TCPP in male and female mussels, respectively. The proteomic differences between male and female mussels were related to protein synthesis and degradation, energy metabolism, and functions of cytoskeleton and motor proteins. TCPP influenced protein synthesis, energy metabolism, cytoskeleton functions, immunity, and reproduction in both male and female mussels. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks indicated that protein synthesis and energy metabolism were the main biological processes influenced by TCPP. However, DEPs involved in these processes and their interaction patterns were quite different between male and female mussels. Basically, twelve ribosome DEPs which directly or indirectly interacted were found in protein synthesis in TCPP-exposed male mussels, while only 3 ribosome DEPs (not interacted) in TCPP-exposed female mussels. In energy metabolism, only 4 DEPs (with the relatively simple interaction pattern) mainly resided in fatty acid metabolism, butanoate/propanoate metabolism and glucose metabolism were discovered in TCPP-exposed male mussels, and more DEPs (with multiple interactions) functioned in TCA cycle and pyruvate/glyoxylate/dicarboxylate metabolism were found in TCCP-exposed female mussels. Taken together, TCPP induced gender-specific toxicological effects in mussels, which may shed new lights on further understanding the toxicological mechanisms of TCPP in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Shan
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
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34
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Pantelaki I, Voutsa D. Occurrence, analysis and risk assessment of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in biota: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111547. [PMID: 32829085 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their widespread use, organophosphate esters (OPEs) are commonly detected in various environmental matrices and have been identified as emerging contaminants. In this review article, the occurrence and analytical techniques of OPEs in the biotic environment have been compiled and reviewed. Data from studies published the last decade all over the world covering a variety of species in trophic chain have been synthesized and evaluated. OPEs are among the most frequent detected flame retardants and high concentrations are detected in biota to date. Knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research are discussed emphasizing on further monitoring, advanced analytical methodologies, and risk assessment studies to completely understand the science of OPEs in biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Pantelaki
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Voutsa
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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35
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Liu YE, Luo XJ, Guan KL, Huang CC, Zhu CY, Qi XM, Zeng YH, Mai BX. Legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in frogs: Sex difference and parental transfer. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115336. [PMID: 32836048 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Black-spotted frogs and bullfrogs from an e-waste polluted area were collected and examined for legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and plasticizers. Total concentrations of PFRs and plasticizers were 0.62-15 ng/g wet weight (ww) and 316-4904 ng/g ww in muscles, 2.2-59 ng/g ww and 127-5757 ng/g ww in eggs and gonads, and 1.2-15 ng/g ww and 51-1510 ng/g ww in oviducts, respectively. For muscle tissues, concentrations of ∑PFRs, triethyl phosphate, tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, and tris-(chloro-2-propyl) phosphate were significantly higher in the males than females (p < 0.05). However, for reproductive tissues, eggs exhibited higher levels of those contaminants than gonads (p < 0.05). No significant sex difference in levels of plasticizers was observed in muscles. In contrast, levels for (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, and di-iso-butyl phthalate in gonads were significantly higher than those in eggs (p < 0.05). Significantly negative linear correlations between maternal transfer ratios and log KOW were found in female frogs. Paternal transfer potentials were first significantly and positively correlated to log KOW (<6) and then decreased afterward in the males. These results indicated that parental transfer was answer for the sex-specific accumulation of PFRs and plasticizers in frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke-Lan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Chen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-You Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Meng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
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36
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Li D, Zhang Q, Chen J, Zhang S, Song N, Xu H, Guo R. Characterization and health risk assessment of organophosphate esters in indoor dust from urban and rural domestic house and college dormitory in Nanjing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:36826-36837. [PMID: 32577965 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Indoor dust is an important route of exposure for organophosphate esters (OPEs), which are associated with adverse health effects. In the present study, the pollution occurrence and potential health risks of 13 OPEs in indoor dust from urban homes, college dormitories, and rural homes in Nanjing were investigated. Most OPEs were detected in the tested samples. College dormitories dust samples showed significantly higher OPEs concentrations (132.31-1.61 × 103 ng/g), followed by that in urban homes (31.42-49.84 ng/g) and rural homes (51.19-309.75 ng/g). The Mann-Whitney U test found no significant difference in the total concentrations of OPEs except for some individual OPEs between urban and rural homes. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the most abundant compound in all tested areas. Spearman correlation coefficients and principal component analysis indicated that OPEs might originate from different sources in three microenvironments. Estimated exposures for adults and children in all indoor dust were below the relevant reference doses. Additionally, TCPP was the primary contributors to the non-carcinogenic risk, ranging from 1.07 × 10-6 to 2.20 × 10-5. Tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate was the dominant carcinogenic risk contributor in indoor dust, with a range of 1.33 × 10-11 to 8.74 × 10-10. These results suggested that the health risk of OPEs was within acceptable limits in the tested areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental, Ministry of Ecology and Environmental, No.8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental, Ministry of Ecology and Environmental, No.8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shenghu Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental, Ministry of Ecology and Environmental, No.8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Ninghui Song
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental, Ministry of Ecology and Environmental, No.8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Huaizhou Xu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental, Ministry of Ecology and Environmental, No.8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China.
- Shen Shan Smart City Research Institute Co. Ltd., Technology Incubator Base 2#, Chuangfu Road, Ebu Town, Shenshan Special Cooperation Zone, Shenzhen, 516473, China.
| | - Ruixin Guo
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Xiong J, Li H, Ma X, Tan B, You J. A new configuration of polar organic chemical integrative sampler with nylon membranes to monitor emerging organophosphate ester contaminants in urban surface water. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110891. [PMID: 32593097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate ester contaminants, including organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are ubiquitous in surface water and pose a significant risk to aquatic organisms, thus it is important to develop effective methods for long-term monitoring of these emerging compounds. Polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) has become a promising monitoring tool for waterborne contaminants, yet recent studies found that the commonly used polyethersulfone (PES) membrane strongly sorbed some moderately hydrophobic compounds, resulting in long lag-phase for chemical accumulation in POCIS. In the present study, 0.45-μm nylon membranes was selected as POCIS diffusion-limiting membrane to design a new POCIS-Nylon configuration for analyzing moderately hydrophobic OPPs and OPFRs in water. The POCIS-Nylon had negligible lag-phase due to low sorption of OPPs and OPFRs to nylon membrane. Meanwhile, linear accumulation time and sensitivity for target contaminants using POCIS-Nylon retained similar to the traditional POCIS. Water velocity and chemical concentration had little impact on sampling rate (Rs), validating that the POCIS-Nylon was suitable for various water conditions. Finally, the occurrence of OPPs and OPFRs in urban waterways of Guangzhou, China was evaluated using the POCIS-Nylon with Rs values that were calibrated in the laboratory. The average concentration of OPPs was 4.97 ± 1.35 ng/L (range: 2.64 ± 1.28-6.54 ± 0.18 ng/L) and the average concentration of OPFRs was 400 ± 88 ng/L (range: 316 ± 24-615 ± 36 ng/L) across nine sampling sites. The present study provides a way to resolve the inherent challenge of accumulating hydrophobic substances by POCIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Baoxiang Tan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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38
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Peng B, Yu ZM, Wu CC, Liu LY, Zeng L, Zeng EY. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organophosphate esters flame retardants in play mats from China and the exposure risks for children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 135:105348. [PMID: 31884131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A total of 41 play mats made from different raw materials, such as polyethylene (PE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), chemical crosslinked polyethylene (XPE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), were obtained from Chinese markets and analyzed for flame retardants. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their replacements, organophosphate esters (OPEs), were measured and the associated exposure risks for children were evaluated. The levels (range; median) of OPEs (6.6-7400; 200 ng g-1) were generally 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than those of PBDEs (0.13-72; 13 ng g-1), consistent with the production and usage trends of flame retardants. The concentrations of both PBDEs and OPEs were the lowest in XPE mats (0.13-5.6; 3.3 ng g-1 for PBDEs and 6.6-320; 47 ng g-1 for OPEs) compared to the other three types. Concentration comparison and compositional analysis suggested that PBDEs and OPEs in play mats were most probably from leaching of raw materials, during production, storage, and/or transport. Children's exposure to PBDEs and OPEs from play mats was estimated for three pathways, i.e., dermal contact, inhalation, and hand-to-mouth ingestion. The combined exposure was 5-6 orders of magnitude lower than the established reference dose values, suggesting no obvious health concern regarding the occurrence of PBDEs and OPEs in play mats. Nevertheless, selection of less contaminated, i.e., XPE mats among those under investigation, by consumers is strongly recommended to minimize any potential exposure risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Zi-Min Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Chen-Chou Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Liang-Ying Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Lixi Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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39
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Liu YE, Tang B, Liu Y, Luo XJ, Mai BX, Covaci A, Poma G. Occurrence, biomagnification and maternal transfer of legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in water snake from an e-waste site. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105240. [PMID: 31654917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water snake and small common carp samples collected from a Chinese pond polluted with electronic waste (e-waste) were analyzed for organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs), PFR metabolites, and plasticizers to investigate their occurrence, biomagnification, and maternal transfer in ovoviviparous species. Mean concentrations of total PFRs, PFR metabolites, and plasticizers were 2.2-16, 1.3-2.8 and 151-1320 ng/g wet weight (ww), respectively in analyzed organisms. Metabolites of PFRs were found in the same order of magnitude as or even higher than their parent compounds, indicating the importance of monitoring metabolites to evaluate the internal exposure of PFRs in organisms. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) were below 1 for all targeted chemicals and negatively correlated with metabolite/parent ratios (MPRs), suggesting a biodilution driven by metabolism. The lipid normalized concentrations were lower in eggs than in muscle for most of targeted chemicals. The maternal transfer potential was significantly and positively correlated with log KOW (p < 0.05) when log KOW was below 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Yu Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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40
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Liu YE, Luo XJ, Zapata Corella P, Zeng YH, Mai BX. Organophosphorus flame retardants in a typical freshwater food web: Bioaccumulation factors, tissue distribution, and trophic transfer. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113286. [PMID: 31563785 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water, sediment, and wild aquatic species were collected from an electronic waste (e-waste) polluted pond in South China. This study aimed to investigate the bioaccumulation, tissue distribution, and trophic transfer of organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) in these aquatic organisms. The concentrations of PFRs detected in the analyzed organisms were between 1.7 and 47 ng/g wet weight (ww). Oriental river prawn and snakehead exhibited the highest and lowest levels, respectively. Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) were dominant contaminants, accounting for approximately 86% of the total sum. The mean values of bioaccumulation factors (BCFs) and logarithmic biota-sediment accumulation factors (log BSAFs) for individual PFRs varied from 6.6 to 1109 and from -2.0 to 0.41, respectively. Both log BCFs and log BSAFs of PFRs were significantly and positively correlated with their octanol-water partitioning coefficient (log KOW). The concentrations of PFRs in tissues of large mud carp and snakehead were significantly and positively correlated with the lipid content (each p < 0.05) and the liver, kidney, and gill exhibited high PFR levels. When the concentration was expressed on a lipid basis, liver exhibited the lowest level, indicating the probable effects of metabolism. Significantly positive correlation was also found between lipid content and total PFR concentration in muscle of all aquatic organisms, given the strong correlation between lipid content and the concentration of TnBP. Trophic magnification factors (TMF) of TnBP and TPhP were lower than 1 (0.57 and 0.62), indicating that these PFRs undergo trophic dilution in this aquatic food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Pablo Zapata Corella
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Liu Y, Yin H, Wei K, Peng H, Lu G, Dang Z. Biodegradation of tricresyl phosphate isomers by Brevibacillus brevis: Degradation pathway and metabolic mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 232:195-203. [PMID: 31154180 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tricresyl phosphates (TCPs), a typical sort of organophosphate flame retardants, has received extensive concerns due to its potential adverse effects. However, limited information is available on the efficient and safe removal methods of TCPs. In this regard, TCPs were tentatively biodegraded with Brevibacillus brevis. A probable degradation pathway was further proposed with the cellular reactions discussed in detail. Experiments showed that B. brevis at 2 g L-1 could degrade 1 mg L-1 tri-m-cresyl phosphate, tri-p-cresyl phosphate, and tri-o-cresyl phosphate by 82.91%, 93.91%, and 53.92%, respectively, within five days. In the process of biodegradation, B. brevis metabolism caused the release of Na+ and Cl- as well as the absorption of some nutrient ions including K+, PO43-, Mg2+, and SO42-; the presence of oxalic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, and malonic acid was also detected. Similar metabolic pathways were found among different TCPs isomers, but tri-o-cresyl phosphate induced more reactive oxygen species than the other two did. This work develops novel insights into the potential mechanisms of TCPs biodegradation by microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Kun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
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