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Tilahun AB, Dürr HH, Schweden K, Flörke M. Perspectives on total phosphorus response in rivers: Examining the influence of rainfall extremes and post-dry rainfall. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173677. [PMID: 38823711 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Eutrophication is a significant environmental problem caused by nutrient loads from both point and non-point sources. Weather variables, particularly precipitation, affect the concentration of nutrients in water bodies, particularly those from non-point sources, in two contrasting ways. Heavy precipitation causes surface runoff which transports pollutants to rivers and increases nutrient concentration. Conversely, increased river flow can dilute the concentration, lowering it. This study investigates the impact of extreme precipitation, prolonged precipitation, and precipitation after a dry period on the total phosphorus concentration in the Moehne and Erft rivers in Germany, given the projected increase in frequency of extreme precipitation events and long drought periods due to climate change. The study comprises two parts: selecting extreme weather days from 2001 to 2021 and comparing observed Total Phosphorus concentrations with estimated concentrations derived from Generalized Additive Models and linear regression based on the discharge-concentration relationship. Changes in river TP concentration in response to continuous precipitation and precipitation after a dry period were also studied. Our results showed that during wet extreme and post-dry period rainfall events, TP concentration consistently surpassed expected values, underscoring the profound influence of intense rainfall on nutrient mobilization. However, we observed the impact of continuous rainfall to be non-unidirectional. Our work is distinguished by three key innovations: 1) addressing limitations in studying the effects of extreme weather on water quality due to limited temporal resolution, 2) incorporating both linear and non-linear modeling approaches for discharge-concentration relationships, and 3) performing a comprehensive analysis of temporal and spatial patterns of Total Phosphorus concentrations in response to varying rainfall patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammanuel B Tilahun
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Hans H Dürr
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Schweden
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martina Flörke
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Silva CFD, Pereira EA, Carvalho MDAR, Botero WG, de Oliveira LC. Urban river recovery: a systematic review on the effectiveness of water clean-up programs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:26355-26377. [PMID: 38530521 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33055-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Urban rivers are affected at different levels by the intensification of human activities, representing a serious threat to the maintenance of terrestrial life and sustainable urban development. Consequently, great efforts have been dedicated to the ecological restoration of urban rivers around the world, as a solution to recovering the environmental functionality of these environments. In this sense, the present work aimed to investigate the effectiveness of interventions carried out aimed at the recovery of urban rivers, through a systematic review of the literature between 2010 and 2022, using the search term "rivers recovery." The results showed that there have been notable advances in the implementation of river recovery programs in urban areas around the world between the years analyzed. The ecosystems studied were affected, for the most part, by the increase in the supply of nutrients from domestic and industrial effluents, in addition to having highly urbanized surroundings and with several changes in land use patterns. The preparation of this literature review made it possible to demonstrate that the effectiveness of river recovery is extremely complex, since river recovery projects are developed for different reasons, as well as being carried out in different ways according to the intended objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ferreira da Silva
- Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba Campus, Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, João Leme dos Santos Highway, km 110 - SP-264, Sorocaba, SP, 18052.780, Brazil
| | - Elisabete Alves Pereira
- Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba Campus, Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, João Leme dos Santos Highway, km 110 - SP-264, Sorocaba, SP, 18052.780, Brazil
| | - Mayara de Almeida Ribeiro Carvalho
- Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba Campus, Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, João Leme dos Santos Highway, km 110 - SP-264, Sorocaba, SP, 18052.780, Brazil
| | - Wander Gustavo Botero
- Federal University of Alagoas, Graduate Program in Chemistry and Biotechnology, Maceió, Alagoas, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana Camargo de Oliveira
- Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba Campus, Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, João Leme dos Santos Highway, km 110 - SP-264, Sorocaba, SP, 18052.780, Brazil.
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3
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Wallington K, Cai X, Kalcic M. Evaluating the longevity of in-stream phosphorus legacies: A downstream cascade of recovery following point source remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168711. [PMID: 38007110 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
In-stream phosphorus (P) legacies cause lags between upstream remediation and downstream load reductions. However, the length of these lags is largely unknown, especially for long stream distances. As a result, lag time estimates at the large-watershed scale have been abstract and sometimes understated. Here, we leverage a large area watershed model with newly improved in-stream P simulation (SWAT+P.R&R) to evaluate the magnitude, longevity, and spatial cascade of legacy P remobilization in a U.S. corn belt watershed. Our results illustrate the "spiraling recovery" of P loads after a hypothetical point source remediation, where locations further downstream take longer to recover to baseline load levels. At the watershed outlet, in-stream legacy P contributions are equivalent to 30% of the baseline average annual P loads for three years after remediation. In-stream legacies do not approach exhaustion (95% remobilized) until at least 9 years after remediation. In hypothetical weather scenarios beginning with dry years, legacy contributions persist even longer. These findings (1) suggest that in-stream legacies could impact P loads for years to decades in large river basins, (2) support explicit accounting for spatial scale in future studies of in-stream legacies, and (3) provide concerning implications for water quality recovery in large river basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wallington
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 301 N Matthews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Ximing Cai
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 301 N Matthews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Margaret Kalcic
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Biological Systems Engineering, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53760, USA.
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4
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Nakulopa F, Bärlund I, Borchardt D. How a reservoir modulates downstream water quality under declining upstream loading and progressing climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169460. [PMID: 38128674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Reservoirs regulate water flow and pollutant transport in catchments. However, climate change can significantly impact their ability to perform this function. This study analysed a multi-decadal time series of data to examine the complex relationship between climate and nutrient pollution trends in the Möhne reservoir catchment. The study aimed at understanding the effect of the reservoir on downstream nutrient pollution in the face of a changing climate. The analysis revealed that upstream nutrient concentrations were higher than downstream, indicating a general nutrient-trapping effect of the reservoir. Upstream stations exhibited a declining trend in total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations. This was due to improved wastewater management and reduced nutrient mobilisation resulting from decreasing surface runoff and streamflow. At the downstream station, whereas TN concentrations decreased, TP concentrations mildly increased. These opposite downstream trends were likely due to rising temperatures and declining dissolved oxygen concentration within the reservoir, which might have favoured nitrogen denitrification and internal phosphorus loading, causing the decline and increase in downstream TN and TP concentrations, respectively. The contrasting downstream TN and TP trends alter the nutrient stoichiometry, which can profoundly affect the ecosystem's biogeochemical functioning. Therefore, in a warming climate, reservoirs may modulate nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients differently, leading to ecological discontinuities along river networks due to changes in TN-to-TP ratios. The study highlights the need to develop adaptable and precise nutrient pollution management strategies in reservoir catchments to address the challenges of climate change effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faluku Nakulopa
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Brückstraße 3a, D - 39114 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Ilona Bärlund
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Brückstraße 3a, D - 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dietrich Borchardt
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Brückstraße 3a, D - 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
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5
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Hildebrandt S, Krueger EH, Ruhl AS, Borchardt D. Efficacy of point source legislation quantified for a 64-year river water quality trajectory of phosphorus loading. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:119956. [PMID: 38198844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Changes in river water quality often follow typical trajectories characterized by sequential phases of degradation and recovery induced by management measures, typically achieved with combinations of legislative and technological interventions. However, the key question about the effectiveness of the different types of legal interventions - source control, use-related, and end-of-pipe - remains poorly understood. With the case of phosphorus (P), which is a valuable indicator of surface water quality and a widespread target of legislation at various governance levels in order to control eutrophication of water bodies, we quantified the relation between point source loading of P and resulting river water quality for a multidecadal trajectory of the river Ruhr (Germany). In particular, we analysed P-related legislation targeting point source pollution enforced at EU, national, state, and local level and linked their development with measured total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in the river Ruhr (Germany). To this end, we combined archival data with information in the literature and conducted interviews with contemporary witnesses to describe and quantify the efficacy of each legislative approach. Although not specifically targeted at P reduction, end-of-pipe measures (sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP)) reduced TP inputs to surface waters already in the 1960s and 1970s, curbing TP inputs to the Ruhr by 38% in 1980. The first targeted source control legislation - the banning of phosphates in textile detergents in 1981 - effectively reduced TP concentrations in WWTP influents by 36% since 1990. In combination with stronger end-of-pipe legislation focusing on P elimination in WWTP since the 1990s, TP concentrations in WWTP effluents were reduced by 86% at the end of the 1990s and by 92% in 2021. Complete and successful source control for textile detergents made use-related legislation redundant. Our study demonstrates that source control measures should be prioritized, because they are the fastest way to curb emissions. These findings provide insights that can inform efficient decision-making regarding water quality in a trajectory perspective of hierarchical governance and technological needs, as well as effective policy-making and management for other pollutants requiring control from point sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Hildebrandt
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Magdeburg, Germany; German Environment Agency, Water Treatment, Section II 3.3, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth H Krueger
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aki S Ruhl
- German Environment Agency, Water Treatment, Section II 3.3, Berlin, Germany; Technische Universität Berlin, Water Treatment, Sekr. KF4, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietrich Borchardt
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Magdeburg, Germany
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6
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Graeber D, McCarthy MJ, Shatwell T, Borchardt D, Jeppesen E, Søndergaard M, Lauridsen TL, Davidson TA. Consistent stoichiometric long-term relationships between nutrients and chlorophyll-a across shallow lakes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:809. [PMID: 38280872 PMCID: PMC10821860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are threatened by eutrophication from nutrient pollution. In lakes, eutrophication causes a plethora of deleterious effects, such as harmful algal blooms, fish kills and increased methane emissions. However, lake-specific responses to nutrient changes are highly variable, complicating eutrophication management. These lake-specific responses could result from short-term stochastic drivers overshadowing lake-independent, long-term relationships between phytoplankton and nutrients. Here, we show that strong stoichiometric long-term relationships exist between nutrients and chlorophyll a (Chla) for 5-year simple moving averages (SMA, median R² = 0.87) along a gradient of total nitrogen to total phosphorus (TN:TP) ratios. These stoichiometric relationships are consistent across 159 shallow lakes (defined as average depth < 6 m) from a cross-continental, open-access database. We calculate 5-year SMA residuals to assess short-term variability and find substantial short-term Chla variation which is weakly related to nutrient concentrations (median R² = 0.12). With shallow lakes representing 89% of the world's lakes, the identified stoichiometric long-term relationships can globally improve quantitative nutrient management in both lakes and their catchments through a nutrient-ratio-based strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Graeber
- Department Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Mark J McCarthy
- Chair of Hydrobiology & Fisheries, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tom Shatwell
- Department Lake Research, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dietrich Borchardt
- Department Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Ecoscience, and WATEC, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Education and Research Centre, Beijing, China
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin, Turkey
- Institute for Ecological and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Martin Søndergaard
- Department of Ecoscience, and WATEC, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Education and Research Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Torben L Lauridsen
- Department of Ecoscience, and WATEC, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Education and Research Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas A Davidson
- Department of Ecoscience, and WATEC, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Li P, Fu H, Bai Z, Feng X, Qi J, Song X, Hu X, Chen L. A dummy molecularly imprinted ratiometric fluorescence nanosensor for the sensitive detection of guanidyl-microcystins in environmental water. Analyst 2023; 148:573-582. [PMID: 36594361 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01928k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An effective strategy is proposed to construct a highly sensitive ratiometric fluorescence sensing platform for microcystins (MCs) based on a dummy molecularly imprinted polymer using metformin as a template. The imprinted nanohybrids of carbon dots (CDs) combined with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) are synthesized (CDs-FITC-SiO2@MIP), in which the CDs and FITC serve as assisted response signals and reference enhancement signals, respectively. Metformin can be used as a dummy template for MCs due to its partially similar molecular fragments to MCs that can form a specific recognition site cavity. MCs can simultaneously induce an obvious fluorescence quenching effect for the CDs and a reference fluorescence enhancement for FITC-SiO2, enabling ratiometric fluorescence detection of MCs. Thus, CDs-FITC-SiO2@MIP used as a signal probe has favorable sensitivity, stability, and selectivity. More importantly, a good linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity ratio (I620/450) and the concentration of MCs in the range of 0.5-500 μg L-1 is obtained with a LOD of 0.013 μg L-1 and 0.022 μg L-1 for MC-RR and MC-LR, respectively, under the optimum conditions. This method has great application potential in water quality monitoring by using CDs-FITC-SiO2@MIP as a promising candidate for monitoring MCs in complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenyu Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyang Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P. R. China.
| | - Ji Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xingliang Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P. R. China.
| | - Xueping Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P. R. China.
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.,School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
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8
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Bai Z, Li P, Fu H, Chen P, Feng X, Hu X, Song X, Chen L. Fluorescence and electrochemical integrated dual-signal sensor for the detection of iron ions in water based on an ITO substrate. Analyst 2022; 147:4489-4499. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01243j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent and electrochemical dual-signal sensor has been fabricated for the visual and sensitive detection of Fe3+ in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P.R. China
| | - Hao Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P.R. China
| | - Peicai Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P.R. China
| | - Xueping Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P.R. China
| | - Xingliang Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P.R. China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
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Casquin A, Gu S, Dupas R, Petitjean P, Gruau G, Durand P. River network alteration of C-N-P dynamics in a mesoscale agricultural catchment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:141551. [PMID: 32836126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The majority of freshwater ecosystems worldwide suffer from eutrophication, particularly because of agriculture-derived nutrient sources. In the European Union, a discrepancy exists between the scale of regulatory assessment and the size of research catchments. The Water Framework Directive sets water quality objectives at the mesoscale (50-500 km2), a scale at which both hillslope and in-stream processes influence carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics. Conversely, research catchments focus on headwaters to investigate hillslope processes while minimising the influence of river processes on C-N-P dynamics. Because hillslope and river processes have common hydro-climatic drivers, the relative influence of each on C-N-P dynamics is difficult to disentangle at the mesoscale. In the present study, we used repeated synoptic sampling throughout the river network of a 300 km2 intensively farmed catchment, spatial stochastic modelling and mass balance calculations to analyse this mesoscale conundrum. The main objective was to quantify how river processes altered C-N-P hydrochemical dynamics in different flow, concentration and temperature conditions. Our results show that flow was the main control of alterations of C-N-P dynamics in the river network, while temperature and source concentration had little or no influence. The influence of river processes peaked during low flow, with up to 50% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production, up to 100% of nitrate (NO3) retention and up to 50% of total phosphorus (TP) retention. Despite high percentages of river processes at low flow, their influence on annual loads was low for NO3 (median of -10%) and DOC (median of +25%) but too variable to draw conclusions for TP. Because of the differing river alteration rates among carbon and nutrients, stoichiometric ratios varied greatly from headwaters to the outlet, especially during the eutrophication-sensitive low-flow season.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sen Gu
- OSUR, Géosciences Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6118, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Rémi Dupas
- INRAE, L'institut Agro, UMR 1069 SAS, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Patrice Petitjean
- OSUR, Géosciences Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6118, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Gérard Gruau
- OSUR, Géosciences Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6118, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Durand
- INRAE, L'institut Agro, UMR 1069 SAS, 35000 Rennes, France
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Abstract
Global deposits of concentrated phosphates, which are a necessary source for the production of phosphate fertilizers, are limited. These reserves keep getting thinner, and every day, large amounts of phosphorus end up in watercourses. In this study, we verified that modified biochar (saturated with FeCl3 solution and then neutralized with NaOH solution) can adsorb significant amounts of phosphorus from wastewater. Moreover, the agrochemical qualities of sludge water from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, struvite, phosphorus-saturated biochar, and iron(III) phosphate from a reused biochar filter were tested in this study. We determined the amount of mobile phosphorus as well as the amount of extractable phosphorus and its five fractions. It was found that modified biochar can hold one-third of the phosphorus amount contained in the commonly used agricultural fertilizer simple superphosphate (1 × 105 g of modified biochar captures up to 2.79 × 103 g of P). Moreover, plants can more easily access phosphorus biochar fractions than struvite, which is formed spontaneously during sludge management. The results of this research prove that the proposed method of recycling phosphorus from wastewater can be applied in technological practice.
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11
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Chemometric Assessment of Bulgarian Wastewater Treatment Plants' Effluents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194408. [PMID: 32992854 PMCID: PMC7583790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface water quality strongly depends on anthropogenic activity. Among the main anthropogenic sources of this activity are the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. The discharged loads of nutrients and suspended solids could provoke serious problems for receiving water bodies and significantly alter the surface water quality. This study presents inventory analysis and chemometric assessment of WWTP effluents based on the mandatory monitoring data. The comparison between the Bulgarian WWTPs and previously reported data from other countries reveals that discharged loads from investigated WWTPs are lower. This is particularly valid for total suspended solids (TSS). The low TSS loads are the reason for the deviations of the typical calculated WWTP effluent ratios of Bulgarian WWTPs compared to the WWTPs worldwide. The performed multivariate analysis reveals the hidden factors that determine the content of WWTP effluents. The source apportioning based on multivariate curve resolution analysis provides detailed information for source contribution profiles of the investigated WWTP effluent loads and elucidate the difference between WWTPs included in this study.
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12
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Yang S, Büttner O, Kumar R, Jäger C, Jawitz JW, Rao PSC, Borchardt D. Spatial patterns of water quality impairments from point source nutrient loads in Germany's largest national River Basin (Weser River). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134145. [PMID: 32380617 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We employed the well-established Horton-Strahler, hierarchical, stream-order (ω) scheme to investigate scaling of nutrient loads (P and N) from ~845 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) distributed along the river network in urbanized Weser River, the largest national basin in Germany (~46K km2; ~8.4 million population). We estimated hydrologic and water quality impacts at the reach- and basin-scales, at two steady river discharge conditions (median flow, QR50; low-flow, QR90). Of the five WWTPs class-sizes (1 ≤ k ≤ 5), ~68% discharge to small low-order streams (ω < 3). We found large variations in capacity to dilute WWTP nutrient loads because of variability in (1) treated wastewater discharge (QU) within and among different class-sizes, and (2) river discharge (QR) within low-order streams (ω < 3) resulting from differences in drainage areas. For QR50, reach-scale water quality impairment assessed by nutrient concentration was likely at 136 (~16%) locations for P and 15 locations (~2%) for N. About 90% of these locations were lower-order streams (ω < 3). At QR50 and only with dilution, basin-scale cumulative nutrient loads from multiple upstream WWTPs increase impaired locations to 266 (~32% of total) for P. Considering in-stream uptake decreased P-impaired streams to 225 (~27%), suggesting the dominant role of dilution in the Weser River basin. Role of in-stream uptake diminished along the flow paths, while dilution in larger streams (4 ≤ ω ≤ 7) minimizes the impact of WWTP loads. Under QR90 conditions [(QR50/QR90) ~ 2.5], water quality impaired locations will likely double for the basin-scale analyses. Long-term water quality data suggested that diffuse sources are the primary contributors for water quality impairments in large streams. Our data-modeling synthesis approach is transferable to other urbanized river basins and extends understanding of point source impacts on water quality across spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Yang
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Olaf Büttner
- Department Aquatic Ecosystems Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rohini Kumar
- Department Computational Hydrosystems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Jäger
- Department Aquatic Ecosystems Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany; Centre for Research and Development, Rosenheim Technical University of Applied Sciences, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - James W Jawitz
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - P S C Rao
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Agronomy Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Dietrich Borchardt
- Department Aquatic Ecosystems Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
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