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Tateda Y, Nishikawa J, Aoyama M, Takata H, Hamajima Y, Aono T. Status of the transfer state of 137Cs in zooplankton and surface water fish off Fukushima during 2018-2021. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2024; 278:107496. [PMID: 39067408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Radiocaesium introduced to coastal waters by the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station (F1NPS) elevated the radioactivity level in biota. The radionuclide level in zooplankton, concentration of 137Cs radioactivity in surface water fish decreased rapidly, which was the primary food source for planktivorous fish, was recognized as not to be depurated at the same level prior to the accident. To evaluate the possible cause of this phenomenon, zooplankton and surface water fish were collected off Fukushima during 2018-2021, and the presence of radioactive particles was also examined. The concentrations of stable Cs and 137Cs radioactivity were analysed along with aluminium which was an indicator element of Cs that originated from suspended particles which were attached to or ingested by zooplankton. As a result, radioactive particles were often found in coastal zooplankton samples, and stable Cs and 137Cs of this inorganic fraction were identified. After removal of this excess radioactivity, the 137Cs radioactivity in whole-body tissue of zooplankton was derived. However, the level in the soft part of zooplankton during 2018-2020 was still greater than the levels which existed before 2010. Since habitat seawater was understood to not be a substantial source of 137Cs, then 137Cs transfer along the food chain, possibly from phytoplankton or detritus of enhanced radioactivity were suggested as important sources of 137Cs. In addition, enhanced 137Cs radioactivity in zooplankton was considered consequently elevate radioactivity levels in surface-dwelling water fish off Fukushima. Although the radioactivity level was not radiologically significant in relation to seafood safety limit, enhanced 137Cs radioactivity levels in biota was demonstrated in southern waters off Fukushima. In contrast, derived 137Cs/133Cs atom ratios of fish and seawater south of 37°E and west from 142°E indicated that radiocaesium transfer between fish and the environment was in an equilibrium state, showing the environment beyond these geographical coordinates had returned to the pre-accident state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hyoe Takata
- Fukushima University, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuo Aono
- Fukushima Institute for Research, Education and Innovation, 960-1295, Japan
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2
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Tateda Y, Aoyama M, Hamajima Y, Tsumune D, Ishimaru T, Ito Y, Takata H. Radioecological behaviour of 137Cs in rockfish of the southern coastal waters off Fukushima during 2017-2021. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2024; 273:107386. [PMID: 38286077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Following the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station, radiocaesium concentrations were specifically elevated in rockfish species compared to other fish species. To clarify the likely reasons, a caesium metabolic rate in the Japanese rockfish Sebastes cheni was derived by an aquarium experiment of live fish collected from the area off Fukushima. Stable caesium and 137Cs concentration in prey organisms, stomach contents and muscle of rockfish were measured and the bioavailable fraction in prey organisms was evaluated. Using derived transfer parameters, 137Cs radioactivity levels in S. cheni and prey organisms were simulated by a model, and verified by the measured radioactivity concentrations of biota in coastal waters south of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station. As a result, slow caesium metabolism in S. cheni was confirmed with the biological half-life (Tb1/2) of 190 d. The determining factor for the initial 137Cs radioactivity levels in S. cheni, was the maximum radioactivity levels in surrounding seawater which was constrained by the sedentary nature of rockfish. Controlling factors of depuration rate of 137Cs levels in S. cheni were slow caesium metabolism, enhanced 137Cs radioactivity level of prey organisms, and survival of older contaminated individuals due to a long life-span. During the study period 2017-2021, 137Cs radioactivity concentrations in seawater decreased close to the level measured before 2010, whereas those in prey organisms and rockfish in southern Fukushima waters were still above the levels that existed before 2010. An additional source for enhancing 137Cs radioactivity in rockfish and biota of the food chain was indicated by the greater 137Cs/133Cs atom ratios in rockfish compared to those in the surrounding seawater, however it was considered to be radiologically insignificant in relation to seafood safety limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Tateda
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan.
| | | | | | - Daisuke Tsumune
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ishimaru
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Yukari Ito
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Hyoe Takata
- Fukushima University, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan.
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3
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Johansen MP, Carpenter JG, Charmasson S, Gwynn JP, Mc Ginnity P, Mori A, Orr B, Simon-Cornu M, Osvath I. Seafood dose parameters: Updating 210Po retention factors for cooking, decay loss and mariculture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 268-269:107243. [PMID: 37515860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
210Po has been identified as one of the main contributors to ingestion doses to humans, particularly from the consumption of seafood. The amount of 210Po activity concentration data for various types of seafood has increased greatly in recent times. However, to provide realistic seafood dose assessments, most 210Po data requires correction to account for losses that can occur before the seafood is actually consumed. Here we develop generic correction factors for the main processes associated with reduction of 210Po in seafood - leaching during cooking, radioactive decay between harvest and consumption, and sourcing from mariculture versus wild-caught. When seafood is cooked, the overall mean fraction of 210Po retained is 0.74 for all cooking and seafood types, with the means for various seafood types and cooking categories ranging from 0.56 to 1.03. When considering radioactive decay during the period between harvest and consumption, the overall mean fraction remaining is 0.81 across all seafood preservation/packaging types, with estimates ranging from 0.50 (canned seafood) to 0.98 (fresh seafood). Regarding mariculture influence, the available limited data suggest marine fish and crustaceans raised with processed feed have about one order of magnitude lower (×0.10) 210Po muscle content than wild-caught seafood of the same or similar species, although this ratio varies. Overall, this study concludes that 210Po activity concentrations in seafood at the time of ingestion may be reduced to only about 55% compared to when it was harvested. Therefore, correction factors must be applied to any data derived from environmental monitoring in order to achieve realistic dose estimates. The data also suggest lower 210Po ingestion doses for consumers who routinely favour cooked, long shelf-life and farmed fish/crustaceans. However, more data is needed in some categories, especially for cooking of molluscs and seaweed, and for the 210Po content in all farmed seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P Johansen
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, 2232 NSW, Australia.
| | - Julia G Carpenter
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), Yallambie, VIC, 3085, Australia.
| | - Sabine Charmasson
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Pôle Santé Environnement, PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA, 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France.
| | - Justin P Gwynn
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, The Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Paul Mc Ginnity
- IAEA Marine Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco.
| | - Airi Mori
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Blake Orr
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), Yallambie, VIC, 3085, Australia.
| | - Marie Simon-Cornu
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Pôle Santé Environnement, PSE-ENV/SEREN, 13115 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France.
| | - Iolanda Osvath
- IAEA Marine Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco.
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Suzuki S, Amano Y, Enomoto M, Matsumoto A, Morioka Y, Sakuma K, Tsuruta T, Kaeriyama H, Miura H, Tsumune D, Kamiyama K, Wada T, Takata H. Temporal variability of 137Cs concentrations in coastal sediments off Fukushima. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154670. [PMID: 35314234 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of radiocesium were released into marine environments following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011. Released radiocesium influenced not only marine environment but also marine biota in Fukushima. Since marine biota as fisheries products is important for Japanese market, it is important to assess the distribution of radiocesium in coastal environment off Fukushima for safety concerns of radioactive contamination. Radiocesium concentrations in sediments are important for understanding fishing ground conditions and for proving the safety of fisheries products in Fukushima. In this study, monthly monitoring data collected from May 2011 to March 2020 were analyzed to describe the temporal variability of 137Cs concentrations in coastal sediments off Fukushima (total of 3647 samples from eight lines at depths of 7-125 m off Fukushima, and three sites in Matsukawa-ura Lagoon). The 137Cs concentration in sediment showed a decreasing trend, but our nonlinear model fitting suggested that this rate of decrease had slowed down. Additionally, 137Cs concentrations were up to 4.08 times greater in shallow sampling sites (7, 10, 20 m depth) following heavy rainfall events (before five months vs. after five months), such as typhoons. These observations were consistent with increasing input from particulate 137Cs fluxes from rivers and increasing dissolved 137Cs concentrations in seawater. Finally, our numerical modeling suggested that riverine 137Cs input could maintain 137Cs concentrations in coastal sediment. These results indicate that riverine 137Cs input following heavy rainfall events is the main factor for maintaining 137Cs concentrations in coastal sediments near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Suzuki
- Fukushima Prefectural Fisheries and Marine Science Research Centre, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Prefectural Research Institute of Fisheries Resources, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Amano
- Fukushima Prefectural Fisheries and Marine Science Research Centre, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Enomoto
- Fukushima Prefectural Fisheries and Marine Science Research Centre, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Fukushima Prefectural Research Institute of Fisheries Resources, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Prefectural Fishery Office, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Morioka
- Fukushima Prefectural Research Institute of Fisheries Resources, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sakuma
- Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Tsuruta
- Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideki Kaeriyama
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hikaru Miura
- Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsumune
- Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kamiyama
- Fukushima Prefectural Fisheries and Marine Science Research Centre, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Prefectural Inland Water Fisheries Experiment Station, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Wada
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hyoe Takata
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
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Beresford NA, Beaugelin-Seiller K, Barnett CL, Brown J, Doering C, Caffrey E, Johansen MP, Melintescu A, Ruedig E, Vandenhove H, Vives I Batlle J, Wood MD, Yankovich TL, Copplestone D. Ensuring robust radiological risk assessment for wildlife: insights from the International Atomic Energy Agency EMRAS and MODARIA programmes. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2022; 42:020512. [PMID: 35502472 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac6043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In response to changing international recommendations and national requirements, a number of assessment approaches, and associated tools and models, have been developed over the last circa 20 years to assess radiological risk to wildlife. In this paper, we summarise international intercomparison exercises and scenario applications of available radiological assessment models for wildlife to aid future model users and those such as regulators who interpret assessments. Through our studies, we have assessed the fitness for purpose of various models and tools, identified the major sources of uncertainty and made recommendations on how the models and tools can best be applied to suit the purposes of an assessment. We conclude that the commonly used tiered or graded assessment tools are generally fit for purpose for conducting screening-level assessments of radiological impacts to wildlife. Radiological protection of the environment (or wildlife) is still a relatively new development within the overall system of radiation protection and environmental assessment approaches are continuing to develop. Given that some new/developing approaches differ considerably from the more established models/tools and there is an increasing international interest in developing approaches that support the effective regulation of multiple stressors (including radiation), we recommend the continuation of coordinated international programmes for model development, intercomparison and scenario testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Beresford
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - K Beaugelin-Seiller
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE/ENV/SRTE, Centre de Cadarache, Saint-Pual-Les-Durance, BP3 13115, France
| | - C L Barnett
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - J Brown
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (DSA), PO Box 55, No-1332 Østerås, Norway
| | - C Doering
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - E Caffrey
- Radian Scientific, LLC, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - M P Johansen
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Melintescu
- 'Horia Hulubei' National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului St., POB MG-6, Magurele, Bucharest, RO-077125, Romania
| | - E Ruedig
- BHP, 201 CW Santa Fe Av., Grants, NM 87404, United States of America
| | - H Vandenhove
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - J Vives I Batlle
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - M D Wood
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - T L Yankovich
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Assessment and Management of Environmental Releases Unit, PO Box 100, Vienna, 1400, Austria
| | - D Copplestone
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
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6
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Men W, Wang F, Yu W, He J, Lin F, Deng F, Yu T, Ma H, Zeng Z. Radioactive impacts of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident on blue sharks in the Northwest Pacific. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131537. [PMID: 34329145 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident (FDNPPA) derived 134Cs, 137Cs and 110mAg in blue sharks captured in the Northwest Pacific during 2011-2018 were assessed for the first time in the aspects of radioactive contamination, temporal variation, maternal-to-fetus transfer, tissue distribution and radiation dose, to demonstrate the impacts of the FDNPPA on blue sharks. The contribution of the FDNPPA derived radiocesium in blue sharks (>52%) was estimated based on 134Cs/137Csactivity ratios. The effective and ecological half-lives of the FDNPPA derived 134Cs (270 d, 410 d), and 137Cs (430 d, 450 d) were calculated. These contaminations decreased with time and returned to the level before the FDNPPA during the period of Sep. 2017-Sep. 2018.134Cs and 137Cs tended to distribute in muscles, while 110mAg mainly distribute in their guts. 134Cs and 137Cs were also transferred to fetuses and the activities were up to ~30% of the maternal activities. Dose assessment demonstrated that the highest FDNPPA derived dose rate in blue sharks (~0.42 nGy/h) was far below the ERICA ecosystem screening benchmark of 10 μGy/h and the committed effective dose in humans from ingesting blue shark meat (0.06-0.90 μSv) was far less than that from annual consumption of food and water. It was far from causing radiation harm to blue sharks and humans, suggesting that the impacts of the FDNPPA on blue sharks were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Men
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jianhua He
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Fangfang Deng
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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7
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Tsukada H. Radiocaesium in the environment of Fukushima. Ann ICRP 2021; 50:44-54. [PMID: 34120488 DOI: 10.1177/01466453211006808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been 10 years since the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in 2011. Large quantities of 131I, 134Cs, and 137Cs were released into the environment, and 80% of 137Cs still remains. In addition to the decrease by attenuation, the transfer of 137Cs to plants, animals, and humans is decreasing due to movement and changing fractions with elapsed time. The activity concentration of 137Cs in the atmosphere has decreased drastically, and the internal radiation dose due to inhalation is negligible. The activity concentration of 137Cs in agricultural plants is decreasing due to decontamination of soil, application of potassium, and lower levels in irrigation water. The activity concentration of 137Cs in wild animals is decreasing, and shows seasonal variation in wild boars. The activity concentration of 137Cs in offshore seawater has decreased to 0.01 Bq l-1. Therefore, the radiation dose is <1 mSv of the additional radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsukada
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan; e-mail:
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8
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Cresswell T, Prentice E, Howell N, Callaghan P, Metian M, Johansen MP. Bioaccumulation kinetics and internal distribution of the fission products radiocaesium and radiostrontium in an estuarine crab. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124453. [PMID: 33168318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crab has been designated by the ICRP as one of twelve reference/model organisms for understanding the impacts of radionuclide releases on the biosphere. However, radionuclide-crab interaction data are sparse compared with other reference organisms (e.g. deer, earthworm). This study used an estuarine crab (Paragrapsus laevis) to investigate the contribution of water, diet and sediment sources to radionuclide (134Cs and 85Sr) bioaccumulation kinetics using live-animal radiotracing. The distribution of each radionuclide within the crab tissues was determined using dissection, whole-body autoradiography and synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy (XFM). When moulting occurred during exposure, it caused significant increases in 85Sr bioaccumulation and efflux of 134Cs under constant aqueous exposure. Dietary assimilation efficiencies were determined as 55 ± 1% for 134Cs and 49 ± 3% for 85Sr. 85Sr concentrated in gonads more than other organs, resulting in proportionally greater radiation dose to the reproductive organs and requires further investigation. 134Cs was found in most soft tissues and was closely associated with S and K. Biodynamic modelling suggested that diet accounted for 90-97% of whole-body 137Cs, while water accounted for 59-81% of 90Sr. Our new data on crab, as a representative invertebrate, improves understanding of the impacts of planned or accidental releases of fission radionuclides on marine ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cresswell
- ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia.
| | - Emily Prentice
- ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia; NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, PO Box 29, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia
| | - Nick Howell
- ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Paul Callaghan
- ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency Environment Laboratories (IAEA-EL), Radioecology Laboratory, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, Principality of Monaco MC-98000, Monaco
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9
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Hossain F. Contaminated aquatic sediments. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1794-1804. [PMID: 33459448 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic sediments are contaminated by different anthropogenic activities and natural deposition. This review manuscript has discussed on published manuscript in 2019 based on monitoring and identification of contaminants, GIS application and isotopic evaluation for monitoring of pollutants, physicochemical and biochemical fate and transport of the pollutants as well as remediation and toxicity analysis so that environmental and ecological impacts due to pollution can be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Hossain
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Johansen MP, Child DP, Hotchkis MAC, Johansen A, Thiruvoth S, Whiting SD. Radionuclides in sea turtles at the Montebello Islands former nuclear test sites: Current and historical dose rates for adults and embryos. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 158:111390. [PMID: 32753176 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclides from 1950s weapons testing at the Montebello Islands, Western Australia, may impact sea turtle embryos incubating within eggs laid in contaminated sands or be taken up into adult body tissues where they can contribute to radiation dose over a turtles' 60+ year lifespan. We measured plutonium in all local samples including turtle skin, bones, hatchlings, eggshells, sea sediments, diet items and beach sands. The amount of Pu in developing embryos/hatchling samples was orders of magnitude lower than that in the surrounding sands. These contaminated sands caused most dose to eggs (external dose from 137Cs, 152Eu), while most of the dose to adults was from internalised radionuclides (98%). While current dose rates are relatively low, local dose rates were high for about ten years following the 1950s detonations and may have resulted in lethality or health impacts to a generation of turtles that likely carry biomarkers today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P Johansen
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Australia.
| | - David P Child
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Andrea Johansen
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sangeeth Thiruvoth
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Australia
| | - Scott D Whiting
- Western Australia Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Australia
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11
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Takata H, Aono T, Aoyama M, Inoue M, Kaeriyama H, Suzuki S, Tsuruta T, Wada T, Wakiyama Y. Suspended Particle-Water Interactions Increase Dissolved 137Cs Activities in the Nearshore Seawater during Typhoon Hagibis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10678-10687. [PMID: 32786583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Distributions of 137Cs in dissolved and particulate phases of the downstream reaches of seven rivers and adjacent nearshore and offshore waters as far as ∼60 km south of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) were studied during the high-river-flow period (June-September 2019) and during the period of October 2019 after typhoon Hagibis. Dissolved 137Cs activities in nearshore water were higher than those in rivers and offshore waters, and this distribution was more intensified after the typhoon, indicating the desorption of 137Cs from riverine suspended particles in addition to the ongoing release of contaminated water from the FDNPP and re-entry of radiocesium via submarine groundwater discharge. This scenario is also supported by the reduction of distribution coefficient (Kd) from a geometric mean value of 5.5 × 105 L/kg in rivers to 9.8 × 104 L/kg in nearshore water. The occupation of desorbed 137Cs to the dissolved activity of this nuclide in nearshore water was estimated to be 0.7%-20% (median: 9.7%) during the high-river-flow period, increasing to 1.4%-66% (32.3%) after the typhoon, suggesting that the desorption during the flood period such as typhoons further contributes to the increase in dissolved 137Cs levels in nearshore water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoe Takata
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Aono
- Center for Advanced Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Michio Aoyama
- Life and Environmental Science,Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Inoue
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
| | - Hideki Kaeriyama
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
| | - Shotaro Suzuki
- Fukushima Prefectural Fisheries and Marine Science Research Centre, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-0316, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Tsuruta
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Minamisouma, Fukushima 975-0036, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Wada
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Wakiyama
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
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Querfeld R, Pasi AE, Shozugawa K, Vockenhuber C, Synal HA, Steier P, Steinhauser G. Radionuclides in surface waters around the damaged Fukushima Daiichi NPP one month after the accident: Evidence of significant tritium release into the environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:451-456. [PMID: 31279192 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Following the Fukushima nuclear accident (2011), radionuclides mostly of volatile elements (e.g., 131I, 134,137Cs, 132Te) have been investigated frequently for their presence in the atmosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, and the Pacific Ocean. Smaller releases of radionuclides with intermediate volatility, (e.g., 90Sr), have been reported for soil. However, few reports have been published which targeted the contamination of surface (fresh) waters in Japan soon after the accident. In the present study, 10 surface water samples (collected on April 10, 2011) have been screened for their radionuclide content (3H, 90Sr, 129I, 134Cs, and 137Cs), revealing partly unusually high contamination levels. Especially high tritium levels (184 ± 2 Bq·L-1; the highest levels ever reported in scientific literature after Fukushima) were found in a puddle water sample from close to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. The ratios between paddy/puddle water from one location only a few meters apart vary around 1% for 134Cs, 12% for 129I (131I), and around 40% for both 3H and 90Sr. This illustrates the adsorption of radiocesium on natural minerals and radioiodine on organic substances (in the rice paddy), whereas the concentration differences of 3H and 90Sr between the two waters are mainly dilution driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Querfeld
- Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna-Elina Pasi
- Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany; Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katsumi Shozugawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | | | - Hans-Arno Synal
- Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Steier
- Faculty of Physics, Isotope Research and Nuclear Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Steinhauser
- Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany.
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