1
|
das Neves Costa LCP, Siqueira JAM, Teixeira DM, da Piedade GJL, Júnior ECS, Ferreira JL, da Silva LD, Gabbay YB. Circulation of adenovirus and other viruses in urban drainage channels: an environmental surveillance in Belém, Amazon region, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2939-2949. [PMID: 37747624 PMCID: PMC10689653 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban channels in amazon cities are very polluted, with garbage and sewage disposal in these aquatic environments, favoring the high dissemination of waterborne viruses such as human adenovirus (HAdV). The aim of this study was to perform the detection and molecular characterization of adenovirus in urban channels and in a wastewater treatment plant located in a metropolitan city in the Amazon. Additionally, metagenomic analyses were performed to assess viral diversity. Samples were concentrated by organic flocculation, analyzed by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and sequenced (Sanger e next generation sequencing). Cell culture was performed to verify the viability of HAdV particles. A total of 104 samples were collected, being the HAdV positivity of 76% (79/104). Among the positive samples, 29.1% (23/79) were characterized as HAdV-F40 (87%, 20/23), HAdV-F41 (8.7%, 2/23), and HAdV-B (4.3%, 1/23). Average precipitation rates ranged from 163 to 614 mm, while the pH ranged from 6.9 to 7.6. Eight positive samples were inoculated into A549 cells and in 4 of these, was observed changes in the structure of the cell monolayer, alteration in the structure of the cell monolayer was observed, but without amplification when analyzed by PCR. The metagenomic data demonstrated the presence of 14 viral families, being the most abundant: Myoviridae (41% of available reads), Siphoviridae (24.5%), Podoviridae (14.1%), and Autographiviridae (6.9%) with more than 85% of the total number of identified reads. This study reinforcing that continuous surveillance may contribute to monitoring viral diversity in aquatic environments and provide early warning of potential outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jones Anderson Monteiro Siqueira
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Dielle Monteiro Teixeira
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Junior Leite da Piedade
- Postgraduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo Costa Sousa Júnior
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - James Lima Ferreira
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Luciana Damascena da Silva
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Yvone Benchimol Gabbay
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cavadas J, Parreira R, Leonardo I, Barreto Crespo MT, Nunes M. Mastadenovirus Molecular Diversity in Waste and Environmental Waters from the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122443. [PMID: 36557697 PMCID: PMC9783802 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In face of the absence of epidemiological data regarding the circulation of human adenoviruses (HAdV) in Portugal, this study aimed at the evaluation of their molecular diversity in waste and environmental waters in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). Using samples collected between 2018 and 2021, the HAdV hexon protein-coding sequence was partially amplified using three nested touch-down PCR protocols. The amplification products obtained were analyzed in parallel by two approaches: molecular cloning followed by Sanger sequencing and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) using Illumina® sequencing. The analysis of NGS-generated data allowed the identification of a higher diversity of HAdV-A (19%), -B (1%), -C (3%), -D (24%), and -F (25%) viral types, along with murine adenovirus (MAdV-2; 30%) in the wastewater treatment plant samples. On the other hand, HAdV-A (19%), -D (32%), and -F (36%) were identified in environmental samples, and possibly MAdV-2 (14%). These results demonstrate the presence of fecal contamination in environmental waters and the assessment of the diversity of this virus provides important information regarding the distribution of HAdV in LMA, including the detection of HAdV-F41, the most frequently reported in water worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Cavadas
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Parreira
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA), Rua da Junqueira No. 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM) Research Centre, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Leonardo
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Barreto Crespo
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mónica Nunes
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-21-750-0006 (ext. 20134)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahmed W, Bivins A, Payyappat S, Cassidy M, Harrison N, Besley C. Distribution of human fecal marker genes and their association with pathogenic viruses in untreated wastewater determined using quantitative PCR. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119093. [PMID: 36252296 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of human health risks using human fecal marker genes (HFMGs) is an useful water quality management tool. To inform accurate QMRA analysis, generation of probability distribution functions for HFMGs, and reference pathogenic viruses can be improved by input of correlation and ratios based upon measurement of HFMGs and gene copies (GC) of pathogenic viruses in untreated wastewater. The concentrations of four HFMGs (Bacteroides HF183, Lachnospiraceae Lachno3, CrAssphage and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV)), and GC of three reference pathogenic viruses human adenovirus 40/41 (HAdV 40/41), human norovirus GI + GII HNoV GI + GII and enterovirus (EV) were measured in untreated wastewater samples collected over a period of 12 months from two wastewater treatment plants in Sydney, Australia using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and reverse transcription qPCR (RT-qPCR). Over the course of the study, the GC of potential pathogenic viruses were 3-5 orders of magnitude lower than HFMGs in untreated wastewater. The GC of pathogenic viruses were highly variable over the course of the study, which contrasted with the concentrations of HFMGs that were quite stable with little variation observed within and between WWTPs. Among the HFMGs, HF183, CrAssphage and PMMoV correlated well with pathogenic virus GC, whereas weak or negative correlations were observed between Lachno3 and pathogenic virus GC. While the two assessed WWTPs had dissimilar population service sizes, the ratios between log10 transformed pathogenic virus GC and HFMGs demonstrated similar central tendency and variability for the same combinations between WWTP A and WWTP B with no difference between the WWTPs. This suggests the widespread presence of these HFMGs in both populations serviced by these two WWTPs. The observed correlation and ratios of HFMGs and GC of reference pathogenic viruses can contribute to improved QMRA of human health risks in environmental waters subject to fresh sewer overflows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warish Ahmed
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Aaron Bivins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, 3255 Patrick F. Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Sudhi Payyappat
- Sydney Water, 1 Smith Street, Parramatta, NSW 2150, Australia
| | - Michele Cassidy
- Sydney Water, 1 Smith Street, Parramatta, NSW 2150, Australia
| | - Nathan Harrison
- Sydney Water, 1 Smith Street, Parramatta, NSW 2150, Australia
| | - Colin Besley
- Sydney Water, 1 Smith Street, Parramatta, NSW 2150, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kilaru P, Hill D, Anderson K, Collins MB, Green H, Kmush BL, Larsen DA. Wastewater Surveillance for Infectious Disease: A Systematic Review. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 192:305-322. [PMID: 36227259 PMCID: PMC9620728 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater surveillance for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been shown to be a valuable source of information regarding SARS-CoV-2 transmission and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Although the method has been used for several decades to track other infectious diseases, there has not been a comprehensive review outlining all of the pathogens that have been surveilled through wastewater. Herein we identify the infectious diseases that have been previously studied via wastewater surveillance prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Infectious diseases and pathogens were identified in 100 studies of wastewater surveillance across 38 countries, as were themes of how wastewater surveillance and other measures of disease transmission were linked. Twenty-five separate pathogen families were identified in the included studies, with the majority of studies examining pathogens from the family Picornaviridae, including polio and nonpolio enteroviruses. Most studies of wastewater surveillance did not link what was found in the wastewater to other measures of disease transmission. Among those studies that did, the value reported varied by study. Wastewater surveillance should be considered as a potential public health tool for many infectious diseases. Wastewater surveillance studies can be improved by incorporating other measures of disease transmission at the population-level including disease incidence and hospitalizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pruthvi Kilaru
- Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States,Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, Iowa, United States
| | - Dustin Hill
- Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States,Graduate Program in Environmental Science, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, United States
| | - Kathryn Anderson
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States
| | - Mary B Collins
- Department of Environmental Studies, State University of New York College of Environmental Science, Syracuse, New York, United States
| | - Hyatt Green
- Department of Environmental Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science, Syracuse, New York, United States
| | - Brittany L Kmush
- Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States
| | - David A Larsen
- Correspondence to Dr. Dave Larsen, Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, 430C White Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 ()
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Human enteric adenovirus F40/41 as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children in Brazil, 2018 to 2020. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11220. [PMID: 35780169 PMCID: PMC9250496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15413-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) types F40/41 have long been recognized as major viral agents of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. Despite this, studies on HAdV molecular epidemiology are sparse, and their real impact is likely under-estimated. Thus, our goal was to investigate HAdV incidence, enteric and non-enteric types circulation, co-detections with rotavirus and norovirus and DNA shedding in stool samples from inpatients and outpatients from eleven Brazilian states. During the three-year study, 1012 AGE stool samples were analysed by TaqMan-based qPCR, to detect and quantify HAdV. Positive samples were genotyped by partial sequencing of the hexon gene followed by phylogenetic analysis. Co-detections were accessed by screening for rotavirus and norovirus. Overall, we detected HAdV in 24.5% of single-detected samples (n = 248), with a prevalence of type F41 (35.8%). We observed a higher incidence in children between 6 to 24 months, without marked seasonality. Additionally, we observed a statistically higher median viral load among single-detections between enteric and non-enteric types and a significantly lower HAdV viral load compared to rotavirus and norovirus in co-detections (p < 0.0001). Our study contributes to the knowledge of HAdV epidemiology and reinforces the need for the inclusion of enteric types F40/41 in molecular surveillance programs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ali W, Zhang H, Wang Z, Chang C, Javed A, Ali K, Du W, Niazi NK, Mao K, Yang Z. Occurrence of various viruses and recent evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125439. [PMID: 33684818 PMCID: PMC7894103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are omnipresent and persistent in wastewater, which poses a risk to human health. In this review, we summarise the different qualitative and quantitative methods for virus analysis in wastewater and systematically discuss the spatial distribution and temporal patterns of various viruses (i.e., enteric viruses, Caliciviridae (Noroviruses (NoVs)), Picornaviridae (Enteroviruses (EVs)), Hepatitis A virus (HAV)), and Adenoviridae (Adenoviruses (AdVs))) in wastewater systems. Then we critically review recent SARS-CoV-2 studies to understand the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic through wastewater surveillance. SARS-CoV-2 genetic material has been detected in wastewater from France, the Netherlands, Australia, Italy, Japan, Spain, Turkey, India, Pakistan, China, and the USA. We then discuss the utility of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to estimate the occurrence, distribution, and genetic diversity of these viruses and generate human health risk assessment. Finally, we not only promote the prevention of viral infectious disease transmission through wastewater but also highlight the potential use of WBE as an early warning system for public health assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China.
| | - Zhenglu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Chuanyu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Asif Javed
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Ali
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Kang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China.
| | - Zhugen Yang
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Izquierdo-Lara R, Elsinga G, Heijnen L, Munnink BBO, Schapendonk CME, Nieuwenhuijse D, Kon M, Lu L, Aarestrup FM, Lycett S, Medema G, Koopmans MPG, de Graaf M. Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Circulation and Diversity through Community Wastewater Sequencing, the Netherlands and Belgium. Emerg Infect Dis 2021. [PMID: 33900177 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.21.20198838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly become a major global health problem, and public health surveillance is crucial to monitor and prevent virus spread. Wastewater-based epidemiology has been proposed as an addition to disease-based surveillance because virus is shed in the feces of ≈40% of infected persons. We used next-generation sequencing of sewage samples to evaluate the diversity of SARS-CoV-2 at the community level in the Netherlands and Belgium. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of the most prevalent clades (19A, 20A, and 20B) and clustering of sewage samples with clinical samples from the same region. We distinguished multiple clades within a single sewage sample by using low-frequency variant analysis. In addition, several novel mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome were detected. Our results illustrate how wastewater can be used to investigate the diversity of SARS-CoV-2 viruses circulating in a community and identify new outbreaks.
Collapse
|
8
|
Izquierdo-Lara R, Elsinga G, Heijnen L, Munnink BBO, Schapendonk CME, Nieuwenhuijse D, Kon M, Lu L, Aarestrup FM, Lycett S, Medema G, Koopmans MPG, de Graaf M. Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Circulation and Diversity through Community Wastewater Sequencing, the Netherlands and Belgium. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:1405-1415. [PMID: 33900177 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.21.20198838v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly become a major global health problem, and public health surveillance is crucial to monitor and prevent virus spread. Wastewater-based epidemiology has been proposed as an addition to disease-based surveillance because virus is shed in the feces of ≈40% of infected persons. We used next-generation sequencing of sewage samples to evaluate the diversity of SARS-CoV-2 at the community level in the Netherlands and Belgium. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of the most prevalent clades (19A, 20A, and 20B) and clustering of sewage samples with clinical samples from the same region. We distinguished multiple clades within a single sewage sample by using low-frequency variant analysis. In addition, several novel mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome were detected. Our results illustrate how wastewater can be used to investigate the diversity of SARS-CoV-2 viruses circulating in a community and identify new outbreaks.
Collapse
|
9
|
Izquierdo-Lara R, Elsinga G, Heijnen L, Munnink BBO, Schapendonk CM, Nieuwenhuijse D, Kon M, Lu L, Aarestrup FM, Lycett S, Medema G, Koopmans MP, de Graaf M. Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Circulation and Diversity through Community Wastewater Sequencing, the Netherlands and Belgium. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:1405-1415. [PMID: 33900177 PMCID: PMC8084483 DOI: 10.3201/eid2705.204410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly become a major global health problem, and public health surveillance is crucial to monitor and prevent virus spread. Wastewater-based epidemiology has been proposed as an addition to disease-based surveillance because virus is shed in the feces of ≈40% of infected persons. We used next-generation sequencing of sewage samples to evaluate the diversity of SARS-CoV-2 at the community level in the Netherlands and Belgium. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of the most prevalent clades (19A, 20A, and 20B) and clustering of sewage samples with clinical samples from the same region. We distinguished multiple clades within a single sewage sample by using low-frequency variant analysis. In addition, several novel mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome were detected. Our results illustrate how wastewater can be used to investigate the diversity of SARS-CoV-2 viruses circulating in a community and identify new outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ray Izquierdo-Lara
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R. Izquierdo-Lara, B.B. Oude Munnink, C.M.E. Schapendonk, D. Nieuwenhuijse, M. Kon, M.P.G. Koopmans, M. de Graaf)
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (G. Elsinga, L. Heijnen, G. Medema)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (L. Lu, S. Lycett)
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark (F.M. Aarestrup)
| | - Goffe Elsinga
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R. Izquierdo-Lara, B.B. Oude Munnink, C.M.E. Schapendonk, D. Nieuwenhuijse, M. Kon, M.P.G. Koopmans, M. de Graaf)
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (G. Elsinga, L. Heijnen, G. Medema)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (L. Lu, S. Lycett)
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark (F.M. Aarestrup)
| | - Leo Heijnen
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R. Izquierdo-Lara, B.B. Oude Munnink, C.M.E. Schapendonk, D. Nieuwenhuijse, M. Kon, M.P.G. Koopmans, M. de Graaf)
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (G. Elsinga, L. Heijnen, G. Medema)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (L. Lu, S. Lycett)
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark (F.M. Aarestrup)
| | - Bas B. Oude Munnink
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R. Izquierdo-Lara, B.B. Oude Munnink, C.M.E. Schapendonk, D. Nieuwenhuijse, M. Kon, M.P.G. Koopmans, M. de Graaf)
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (G. Elsinga, L. Heijnen, G. Medema)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (L. Lu, S. Lycett)
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark (F.M. Aarestrup)
| | - Claudia M.E. Schapendonk
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R. Izquierdo-Lara, B.B. Oude Munnink, C.M.E. Schapendonk, D. Nieuwenhuijse, M. Kon, M.P.G. Koopmans, M. de Graaf)
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (G. Elsinga, L. Heijnen, G. Medema)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (L. Lu, S. Lycett)
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark (F.M. Aarestrup)
| | - David Nieuwenhuijse
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R. Izquierdo-Lara, B.B. Oude Munnink, C.M.E. Schapendonk, D. Nieuwenhuijse, M. Kon, M.P.G. Koopmans, M. de Graaf)
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (G. Elsinga, L. Heijnen, G. Medema)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (L. Lu, S. Lycett)
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark (F.M. Aarestrup)
| | - Matthijs Kon
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R. Izquierdo-Lara, B.B. Oude Munnink, C.M.E. Schapendonk, D. Nieuwenhuijse, M. Kon, M.P.G. Koopmans, M. de Graaf)
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (G. Elsinga, L. Heijnen, G. Medema)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (L. Lu, S. Lycett)
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark (F.M. Aarestrup)
| | - Lu Lu
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R. Izquierdo-Lara, B.B. Oude Munnink, C.M.E. Schapendonk, D. Nieuwenhuijse, M. Kon, M.P.G. Koopmans, M. de Graaf)
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (G. Elsinga, L. Heijnen, G. Medema)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (L. Lu, S. Lycett)
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark (F.M. Aarestrup)
| | - Frank M. Aarestrup
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R. Izquierdo-Lara, B.B. Oude Munnink, C.M.E. Schapendonk, D. Nieuwenhuijse, M. Kon, M.P.G. Koopmans, M. de Graaf)
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (G. Elsinga, L. Heijnen, G. Medema)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (L. Lu, S. Lycett)
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark (F.M. Aarestrup)
| | - Samantha Lycett
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R. Izquierdo-Lara, B.B. Oude Munnink, C.M.E. Schapendonk, D. Nieuwenhuijse, M. Kon, M.P.G. Koopmans, M. de Graaf)
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (G. Elsinga, L. Heijnen, G. Medema)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (L. Lu, S. Lycett)
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark (F.M. Aarestrup)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Julio-Pieper M, López-Aguilera A, Eyzaguirre-Velásquez J, Olavarría-Ramírez L, Ibacache-Quiroga C, Bravo JA, Cruz G. Gut Susceptibility to Viral Invasion: Contributing Roles of Diet, Microbiota and Enteric Nervous System to Mucosal Barrier Preservation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094734. [PMID: 33946994 PMCID: PMC8125429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal lumen is a rich source of eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses which, together with bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms comprise the gut microbiota. Pathogenic viruses inhabiting this niche have the potential to induce local as well as systemic complications; among them, the viral ability to disrupt the mucosal barrier is one mechanism associated with the promotion of diarrhea and tissue invasion. This review gathers recent evidence showing the contributing effects of diet, gut microbiota and the enteric nervous system to either support or impair the mucosal barrier in the context of viral attack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Julio-Pieper
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (A.L.-A.); (J.E.-V.); (J.A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alejandra López-Aguilera
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (A.L.-A.); (J.E.-V.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Johana Eyzaguirre-Velásquez
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (A.L.-A.); (J.E.-V.); (J.A.B.)
| | | | - Claudia Ibacache-Quiroga
- Centro de Micro-Bioinnovación (CMBi), Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
| | - Javier A. Bravo
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (A.L.-A.); (J.E.-V.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Farkas K, Hillary LS, Malham SK, McDonald JE, Jones DL. Wastewater and public health: the potential of wastewater surveillance for monitoring COVID-19. CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & HEALTH 2020; 17:14-20. [PMID: 32835157 PMCID: PMC7291992 DOI: 10.1016/j.coesh.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic viruses represent one of the greatest threats to human well-being. As evidenced by the COVID-19 global pandemic, however, halting the spread of highly contagious diseases is notoriously difficult. Successful control strategies therefore have to rely on effective surveillance. Here, we describe how monitoring wastewater from urban areas can be used to detect the arrival and subsequent decline of pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2. As the amount of virus shed in faeces and urine varies largely from person to person, it is very difficult to quantitatively determine the number of people who are infected in the population. More research on the surveillance of viruses in wastewater using accurate and validated methods, as well as subsequent risk analysis and modelling is paramount in understanding the dynamics of viral outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kata Farkas
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| | - Luke S Hillary
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Shelagh K Malham
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| | - James E McDonald
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - David L Jones
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Farkas K, Walker DI, Adriaenssens EM, McDonald JE, Hillary LS, Malham SK, Jones DL. Viral indicators for tracking domestic wastewater contamination in the aquatic environment. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 181:115926. [PMID: 32417460 PMCID: PMC7211501 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne enteric viruses are an emerging cause of disease outbreaks and represent a major threat to global public health. Enteric viruses may originate from human wastewater and can undergo rapid transport through aquatic environments with minimal decay. Surveillance and source apportionment of enteric viruses in environmental waters is therefore essential for accurate risk management. However, individual monitoring of the >100 enteric viral strains that have been identified as aquatic contaminants is unfeasible. Instead, viral indicators are often used for quantitative assessments of wastewater contamination, viral decay and transport in water. An ideal indicator for tracking wastewater contamination should be (i) easy to detect and quantify, (ii) source-specific, (iii) resistant to wastewater treatment processes, and (iv) persistent in the aquatic environment, with similar behaviour to viral pathogens. Here, we conducted a comprehensive review of 127 peer-reviewed publications, to critically evaluate the effectiveness of several viral indicators of wastewater pollution, including common enteric viruses (mastadenoviruses, polyomaviruses, and Aichi viruses), the pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), and gut-associated bacteriophages (Type II/III FRNA phages and phages infecting human Bacteroides species, including crAssphage). Our analysis suggests that overall, human mastadenoviruses have the greatest potential to indicate contamination by domestic wastewater due to their easy detection, culturability, and high prevalence in wastewater and in the polluted environment. Aichi virus, crAssphage and PMMoV are also widely detected in wastewater and in the environment, and may be used as molecular markers for human-derived contamination. We conclude that viral indicators are suitable for the long-term monitoring of viral contamination in freshwater and marine environments and that these should be implemented within monitoring programmes to provide a holistic assessment of microbiological water quality and wastewater-based epidemiology, improve current risk management strategies and protect global human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kata Farkas
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK; School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK.
| | - David I Walker
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | | | - James E McDonald
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Luke S Hillary
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Shelagh K Malham
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Davey L Jones
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK; UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|