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Leite-Barbosa O, de Oliveira MFL, Braga FCF, Monteiro SN, de Oliveira MG, Veiga-Junior VF. Impact of Buriti Oil from Mauritia flexuosa Palm Tree on the Rheological, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene for Improved Sustainability. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:3037. [PMID: 39518245 PMCID: PMC11548644 DOI: 10.3390/polym16213037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Revised: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements highlight the utilization of vegetable oils as additives in polymeric materials, particularly for replacing conventional plasticizers. Buriti oil (BO), extracted from the Amazon's Mauritia flexuosa palm tree fruit, boasts an impressive profile of vitamins, minerals, proteins, carotenoids, and tocopherol. This study investigates the impact of incorporating buriti oil as a plasticizer in linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) matrices. The aim of this research was to evaluate how buriti oil, a bioactive compound, influences the thermal and rheological properties of LLDPE. Buriti oil/LLDPE compositions were prepared via melt intercalation techniques, and the resulting materials were characterized through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical property testing, and contact angle measurement. The addition of buriti oil was found to act as a processing aid and plasticizer, enhancing the fluidity of LLDPE polymer chains. TGA revealed distinct thermal stabilities for buriti oil/LLDPE under different degradation conditions. Notably, buriti oil exhibited an initial weight loss temperature of 402 °C, whereas that of LLDPE was 466.4 °C. This indicated a minor reduction in the thermal stability of buriti oil/LLDPE compositions. The thermal stability, as observed through DSC, displayed a nuanced response to the oil's incorporation, suggesting a complex interaction between the oil and polymer matrix. Detailed mechanical testing indicated a marked increase in tensile strength and elongation at break, especially at optimal concentrations of buriti oil. SEM analysis showcased a more uniform and less brittle microstructure, correlating with the enhanced mechanical properties. Contact angle measurements revealed a notable shift in surface hydrophobicity, indicating a change in the surface chemistry. This study demonstrates that buriti oil can positively influence the processability and thermal properties of LLDPE, thus expanding its potential applications as an effective plasticizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odilon Leite-Barbosa
- Materials Science Department, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça General Tibúrcio, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil; (O.L.-B.); (S.N.M.)
| | - Marcelo Ferreira Leão de Oliveira
- Division of Materials, National Institute of Technology—INT, Avenida Venezuela 82, Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, RJ, Brazil; (M.F.L.d.O.); (F.C.F.B.)
| | - Fernanda Cristina Fernandes Braga
- Division of Materials, National Institute of Technology—INT, Avenida Venezuela 82, Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, RJ, Brazil; (M.F.L.d.O.); (F.C.F.B.)
| | - Sergio Neves Monteiro
- Materials Science Department, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça General Tibúrcio, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil; (O.L.-B.); (S.N.M.)
| | - Marcia Gomes de Oliveira
- Division of Materials, National Institute of Technology—INT, Avenida Venezuela 82, Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, RJ, Brazil; (M.F.L.d.O.); (F.C.F.B.)
| | - Valdir Florêncio Veiga-Junior
- Materials Science Department, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça General Tibúrcio, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil; (O.L.-B.); (S.N.M.)
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2
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Negrete-Bolagay D, Guerrero VH. Opportunities and Challenges in the Application of Bioplastics: Perspectives from Formulation, Processing, and Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2561. [PMID: 39339026 PMCID: PMC11434805 DOI: 10.3390/polym16182561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Tremendously negative effects have been generated in recent decades by the continuously increasing production of conventional plastics and the inadequate management of their waste products. This demands the production of materials within a circular economy, easy to recycle and to biodegrade, minimizing the environmental impact and increasing cost competitiveness. Bioplastics represent a sustainable alternative in this scenario. However, the replacement of plastics must be addressed considering several aspects along their lifecycle, from bioplastic processing to the final application of the product. In this review, the effects of using different additives, biomass sources, and processing techniques on the mechanical and thermal behavior, as well as on the biodegradability, of bioplastics is discussed. The importance of using bioplasticizers is highlighted, besides studying the role of surfactants, compatibilizers, cross-linkers, coupling agents, and chain extenders. Cellulose, lignin, starch, chitosan, and composites are analyzed as part of the non-synthetic bioplastics considered. Throughout the study, the emphasis is on the use of well-established manufacturing processes, such as extrusion, injection, compression, or blow molding, since these are the ones that satisfy the quality, productivity, and cost requirements for large-scale industrial production. Particular attention is also given to fused deposition modeling, since this additive manufacturing technique is nowadays not only used for making prototypes, but it is being integrated into the development of parts for a wide variety of biomedical and industrial applications. Finally, recyclability and the commercial requirements for bioplastics are discussed, and some future perspectives and challenges for the development of bio-based plastics are discussed, with the conclusion that technological innovations, economic incentives, and policy changes could be coupled with individually driven solutions to mitigate the negative environmental impacts associated with conventional plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor H. Guerrero
- Department of Materials, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170525, Ecuador;
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3
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Sun S, Weng Y, Han Y, Zhang C. Plasticization mechanism of biobased plasticizers comprising polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether-butyl citrate with both long and short chains on poly(lactic acid). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133948. [PMID: 39025184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable polymer with low flexibility, is commonly plasticized with small molecules like tributyl citrate (TBC) for film production. However, these plasticizers, which lack chemical bonds or strong intermolecular interactions with the matrix, tend to migrate to the film surface over time. Their inclusion often compromises material strength for flexibility, increasing elongation at break but reducing tensile strength. In this research, by combining citric acid with n-butanol (B) and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (E), we synthesized three plasticizers, namely TE3, TE2B1, and TE1B2, to enhance the flexibility of PLA. TE2B1 and TE1B2 are equipped with butyl ester groups that offer effective plasticizing effects. Additionally, the incorporation of long-chain alkyl featuring epoxy groups can boost the interaction with PLA. The results showed that the epoxy groups of the long-chain alkyl plasticizers can improve the elongation at break without compromising tensile strength significantly. The migration of plasticizer from PLA matrix can be reduced by strong interactions like chemical bonds, entanglements, and hydrogen bonding with PLA. TE1B2 demonstrated the best plasticizing effect. Adding 15 portions of TE1B2 and TBC separately increased PLA's elongation at break to 304 % and 242 %, with tensile strengths of 36.1 MPa and 22.3 MPa, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Caili Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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4
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Vithya B, Saravanakumar SS, Senthamaraikannan P, Murugan R. Extraction and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from Vachellia nilotica plant leaves: A biomass waste to wealth approach. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14368. [PMID: 38837358 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Biobased waste utilization is an intriguing area of research and an ecologically conscious approach. Plant-based materials can be used to render cellulose, which is an eco-friendly material that can be used in numerous aspects. In the current investigation, cellulose was extracted from the leaves of the Vachellia nilotica plant via acid hydrolysis. The application of this research is specifically directed toward the utilization of undesirable plant sources. To validate the extracted cellulose, FT-IR spectroscopy was applied. The cellulose was measured to have a density of 1.234 g/cm3. The crystallinity index (58.93%) and crystallinity size (11.56 nm) of cellulose are evaluated using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy analysis. The highest degradation temperature (320.8°C) was observed using thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry curve analysis. The analysis of particle size was conducted utilizing images captured by scanning electron microscopy. Particle size of less than 30 μm was found and they exhibit non-uniform orientation. Additionally, atomic force microscopy analysis shows an improved average surface roughness (Ra), which increases the possibility of using extracted cellulose as reinforcement in biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vithya
- Department of Civil Engineering, Seikaluthur Kamatchi Amman Polytechnic College, Manamadurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S S Saravanakumar
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Senthamaraikannan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.S.R College of Engineering, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Murugan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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5
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Ciastowicz Ż, Pamuła R, Białowiec A. Utilization of Plant Oils for Sustainable Polyurethane Adhesives: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1738. [PMID: 38673094 PMCID: PMC11050924 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of plant oils as a renewable resource for the production of polyurethane adhesives presents a promising way to improve sustainability and reduce environmental impact. This review explores the potential of various vegetable oils, including waste oils, in the synthesis of polyurethanes as an alternative to conventional petroleum-based raw materials. The investigation highlights the environmental challenges associated with conventional polyurethane production and highlights the benefits of switching to bio-renewable oils. By examining the feasibility and potential applications of vegetable oil-based polyurethanes, this study emphasizes the importance of further research and development in this area to realize the full potential of sustainable polyurethane adhesives. Further research and development in this area are key to overcoming the challenges and realizing the full potential of plant-oil-based polyurethanes in various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Ciastowicz
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
- Selena Industrial Technologies Sp. z o.o., Pieszycka 3, 58-200 Dzierżoniów, Poland;
| | - Renata Pamuła
- Selena Industrial Technologies Sp. z o.o., Pieszycka 3, 58-200 Dzierżoniów, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
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6
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Andrady AL, Heikkilä AM, Pandey KK, Bruckman LS, White CC, Zhu M, Zhu L. Effects of UV radiation on natural and synthetic materials. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1177-1202. [PMID: 37039962 PMCID: PMC10088630 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The deleterious effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation on construction materials, especially wood and plastics, and the consequent impacts on their useful lifetimes, are well documented in scientific literature. Any future increase in solar UV radiation and ambient temperature due to climate change will therefore shorten service lifetimes of materials, which will require higher levels of stabilisation or other interventions to maintain their lifetimes at the present levels. The implementation of the Montreal Protocol and its amendments on substances that deplete the ozone layer, controls the solar UV-B radiation received on Earth. This current quadrennial assessment provides a comprehensive update on the deleterious effects of solar UV radiation on the durability of natural and synthetic materials, as well as recent innovations in better stabilising of materials against solar UV radiation-induced damage. Pertinent emerging technologies for wood and plastics used in construction, composite materials used in construction, textile fibres, comfort fabric, and photovoltaic materials, are addressed in detail. Also addressed are the trends in technology designed to increase sustainability via replacing toxic, unsustainable, legacy additives with 'greener' benign substitutes that may indirectly affect the UV stability of the redesigned materials. An emerging class of efficient photostabilisers are the nanoscale particles that include oxide fillers and nanocarbons used in high-performance composites, which provide good UV stability to materials. They also allow the design of UV-shielding fabric materials with impressive UV protection factors. An emerging environmental issue related to the photodegradation of plastics is the generation of ubiquitous micro-scale particles from plastic litter exposed to solar UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | | | - K. K. Pandey
- Indian Academy of Wood Science, Bangalore, India
| | - L. S. Bruckman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | | | - M. Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - L. Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibres and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Lu M, Jiang P, Zhang P, Feng S, Cui Z, Song Q, Zhao Y. A highly stable bio-based plasticizer constructed from renewable acids for plasticizing and enhancing the optical properties of poly(vinyl chloride). NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04972d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The current research efforts in the plasticizer industry should focus on finding renewable biomass chemical feedstocks to synthesize non-toxic and effective bio-based plasticizers to adapt the concept of green environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Pingbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Shan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhixuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Qingkui Song
- Cangzhou Jinsanyang Plastic Industry Co., Ltd, Cangzhou 061000, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Cangzhou Jinsanyang Plastic Industry Co., Ltd, Cangzhou 061000, P. R. China
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8
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Characterization, Properties and Mixing Mechanism of Rubber Asphalt Colloid for Sustainable Infrastructure. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204429. [PMID: 36298007 PMCID: PMC9608875 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubber asphalt has always been considered to have the most potential for the disposal of waste tires as sustainable infrastructure. However, the covalently cross-linked tire rubber presents an extreme challenge in reusing waste rubbers in roads. Rubberized asphalt with finely dispersed or colloidal structure has been regarded as a potential binder used as road material because of the improved properties in terms of storage stability, easy processing and high content of incorporation. However, the mixing mechanism between the finely dispersed rubber on micro-nano scale with asphalt is still not clear, which restricts its further development as value-added material. Devulcanized rubber (DR) was introduced to improve the compatibility between asphalt and rubber. The basic chemicals of DR and asphalt were introduced based on their structures. Furthermore, the interactions between DR and asphalt were discussed according to the functional elements at different levels, and the concept of DR as “the fifth component” of asphalt was put forward. Finally, high performance, environmental and economic effects and applications of devulcanized-rubber-modified asphalt (DRMA) were discussed. The review is expected to provide a guide for the wide application of DRMA, which is still restricted by poor compatibility and bad stability during processing, storage and recycling.
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9
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Moser BR, Cermak SC, Doll KM, Kenar JA, Sharma BK. A review of fatty epoxide ring opening reactions: Chemistry, recent advances, and applications. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R. Moser
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bio‐Oils Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria Illinois USA
| | - Steven C. Cermak
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bio‐Oils Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria Illinois USA
| | - Kenneth M. Doll
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bio‐Oils Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria Illinois USA
| | - James A. Kenar
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Functional Foods Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria Illinois USA
| | - Brajendra K. Sharma
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sustainable Biofuels and Co‐Products Research Unit Eastern Regional Research Center Wyndmoor Pennsylvania USA
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10
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Shoul B, Marfavi Y, Sadeghi B, Kowsari E, Sadeghi P, Ramakrishna S. Investigating the potential of sustainable use of green silica in the green tire industry: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:51298-51317. [PMID: 35614353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Undoubtedly, with the increasing emission of greenhouse gases and non-biodegradable wastes as the consequence of over energy and material consumption, the demands for environmentally friendly products are of significant importance. Green tires, a superb alternative to traditional tires, could play a substantial part in environmental protection owing to lower toxic and harmful substances in their construction and their higher decomposition rate. Furthermore, manufacturing green tires using green silica as reinforcement has a high capacity to save energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, pollution, and raw material consumption. Nevertheless, their production costs are expensive in comparison with conventional tires. In this review article, by studying green tires, the improvement of silica-rubber mixing, as well as the production of green silica from agricultural wastes, were investigated. Not only does the consumption of agricultural wastes save resources considerably, but it also could eventually lead to the reduction of silica production expenses. The cost of producing green silica is about 50% lower than producing conventional silica, and since it weighs about 17% of green silica tires, it can reduce the cost of producing green rubber. Accordingly, we claim that green silica has provided acceptable properties of silica in tires. Apart from the technical aspect, environmental and economic challenges are also discussed, which can ultimately be seen as a promising prospect for the use of green silica in the green tire industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Shoul
- Amirkabir University of Technology, Mahshahr Campus, P.O. BOX, Mahshahr, 63517-13178, Iran
| | - Yousef Marfavi
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 424, Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Sadeghi
- Amirkabir University of Technology, Mahshahr Campus, P.O. BOX, Mahshahr, 63517-13178, Iran
| | - Elaheh Kowsari
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 424, Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran.
| | - Peyman Sadeghi
- Faculty of Polymer and Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box, Tehran, 13145-1384, Iran
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
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12
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Recent Advances in Development of Waste-Based Polymer Materials: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051050. [PMID: 35267873 PMCID: PMC8914771 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited petroleum sources, suitable law regulations, and higher awareness within society has caused sustainable development of manufacturing and recycling of polymer blends and composites to be gaining increasing attention. This work aims to report recent advances in the manufacturing of environmentally friendly and low-cost polymer materials based on post-production and post-consumer wastes. Sustainable development of three groups of materials: wood polymer composites, polyurethane foams, and rubber recycling products were comprehensively described. Special attention was focused on examples of industrially applicable technologies developed in Poland over the last five years. Moreover, current trends and limitations in the future “green” development of waste-based polymer materials were also discussed.
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13
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Tan SX, Andriyana A, Ong HC, Lim S, Pang YL, Ngoh GC. A Comprehensive Review on the Emerging Roles of Nanofillers and Plasticizers towards Sustainable Starch-Based Bioplastic Fabrication. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040664. [PMID: 35215577 PMCID: PMC8874690 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Petroleum-based plastics are associated with environmental pollution problems owing to their non-biodegradable and toxic properties. In this context, renewable and biodegradable bioplastics possess great potential to replace petroleum-based plastics in mitigating these environmental issues. Fabrication of bioplastic films involves a delicate mixture of the film-forming agent, plasticizer and suitable solvent. The role of the plasticizer is to improve film flexibility, whereas the filler serves as a reinforcement medium. In recent years, much research attention has been shifted toward devising diverse methods for enhancing the performance of bioplastics, particularly in the utilization of environmentally benign nanoparticles to displace the conventional hazardous chemicals. Along this line, this paper presents the emergence of nanofillers and plasticizers utilized in bioplastic fabrication with a focus on starch-based bioplastics. This review paper not only highlights the influencing factors that affect the optical, mechanical and barrier properties of bioplastics, but also revolves around the proposed mechanism of starch-based bioplastic formation, which has rarely been reviewed in the current literature. To complete the review, prospects and challenges in bioplastic fabrication are also highlighted in order to align with the concept of the circular bioplastic economy and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiou Xuan Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.X.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Andri Andriyana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.X.T.); (A.A.)
- Center of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan;
| | - Steven Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia;
- Centre of Photonics and Advanced Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (G.C.N.)
| | - Yean Ling Pang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia;
- Centre of Photonics and Advanced Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Gek Cheng Ngoh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (G.C.N.)
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Czogała J, Pankalla E, Turczyn R. Recent Attempts in the Design of Efficient PVC Plasticizers with Reduced Migration. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040844. [PMID: 33578880 PMCID: PMC7916570 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the current trends in replacing commonly used plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, formulations by new compounds with reduced migration, leading to the enhancement in mechanical properties and better plasticizing efficiency. Novel plasticizers have been divided into three groups depending on the replacement strategy, i.e., total replacement, partial replacement, and internal plasticizers. Chemical and physical properties of PVC formulations containing a wide range of plasticizers have been compared, allowing observance of the improvements in polymer performance in comparison to PVC plasticized with conventionally applied bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate and di-n-octyl terephthalate. Among a variety of newly developed plasticizers, we have indicated those presenting excellent migration resistance and advantageous mechanical properties, as well as those derived from natural sources. A separate chapter has been dedicated to the description of a synergistic effect of a mixture of two plasticizers, primary and secondary, that benefits in migration suppression when secondary plasticizer is added to PVC blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Czogała
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Research and Innovation Department, Grupa Azoty Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn S.A., Mostowa 30A, 47-220 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland;
- Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Ewa Pankalla
- Research and Innovation Department, Grupa Azoty Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn S.A., Mostowa 30A, 47-220 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland;
| | - Roman Turczyn
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (R.T.)
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15
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Shafranska O, Chernykh A, Chisholm BJ, Tarnavchyk I, Webster DC. DERIVATIZATION OF SOYBEAN OIL TO ENHANCE PERFORMANCE AS A PROCESSING OIL IN SBR-BASED RUBBER COMPOUNDS. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.20.79990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Although soybean oil (SBO) has been used as a bio-based processing oil (PO) for rubber compounds, direct replacement of a conventional petroleum-based PO with SBO often results in a reduction of some important properties. As a result, it was of interest to investigate two higher molecular weight SBO-derived materials as POs, namely, sucrose octasoyate (SS) and poly(2-vinyloxyethyl)soyate (P2VOES). When these compounds were used in carbon black (CB)-filled SBR, mechanical properties were significantly improved. This result was mainly attributed to higher crosslink densities resulting from their higher degree of unsaturation per molecule as compared with SBO. Higher unsaturation per molecule increases the probability that the PO will be incorporated into the crosslinked network as elastically effective crosslinks as opposed to dangling chain ends. With regard to tire tread performance, both SS and P2VOES-based vulcanizates showed a lower predicted rolling resistance than the SBO-based control, and the P2VOES vulcanizate showed a better balance between rolling resistance and wet traction. Vulcanizates derived from SS and P2VOES showed a small tangent delta peak between −13 and 35 °C that might be associated with relatively highly crosslinked domains rich in SS or P2VOES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Shafranska
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Andrey Chernykh
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Bret J. Chisholm
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Ihor Tarnavchyk
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Dean C. Webster
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
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Asgher M, Qamar SA, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. Bio-based active food packaging materials: Sustainable alternative to conventional petrochemical-based packaging materials. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109625. [PMID: 33233213 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In food industry, a growing concern is the use of suitable packaging material (i.e., biodegradable coatings and films) with enhanced thermal, mechanical and barrier characteristics to prevent from contamination and loss of foodstuff. Biobased polymer resources can be used for the development of biodegradable bioplastics. To achieve this goal, biopolymers should be economic, renewable and abundantly available. Bioplastic packaging materials based on renewable biomass could be used as sustainable alternative to petrochemically-originated plastic materials. This review summarizes the recent advancements in biopolymer-based coatings and films for active food packaging applications. Microbial polymers (PHA and PLA), wood-based polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, starch & lignin), and protein-based polymers (gelatin, keratin, wheat gluten, soy protein and whey protein isolates) were among the materials most widely exploited for the development of smart packaging films. These biopolymers are able to synthesize coatings and films with good barrier properties against food borne pathogens and the transport of gases. Biobased reinforcements e.g., plant essential oils and natural additives to bioplastic films improve oxygen barrier, antibacterial and antifungal properties. To induce the desired functionality the simultaneous utilization of different synthetic and biobased polymers in the form of composites/blends is also an emerging area of research. Nanoscale reinforcements into bioplastic packaging have also been reported to improve packaging characteristics ultimately increasing food shelf life. The development of bioplastic/biocomposite and nanobiocomposites exhibits high potential to replace nonbiodegradable materials with characteristics comparable to fossil-based plastics, additionally, giving biodegradable and compostable characteristics. The idea of utilization of renewable biomass and the implications of biotechnology can firstly reduce the burden from fossil-resources, while secondly promoting biobased economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asgher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sarmad Ahmad Qamar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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Ali N, Bilal M, Khan A, Ali F, Iqbal HM. Design, engineering and analytical perspectives of membrane materials with smart surfaces for efficient oil/water separation. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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