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Gao Y, Heng S, Wang J, Liu Z, Liu Y, Chen B, Han Y, Li W, Lu X, Zhen G. Bioelectrochemically altering microbial ecology in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket to enhance methanogenesis fed with high-sulfate methanolic wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:131026. [PMID: 38917910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
A bioelectrochemical upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (BE-UASB) was constructed and compared with the traditional UASB to investigate the role of bioelectrocatalysis in modulating methanogenesis and sulfidogensis involved within anaerobic treatment of high-sulfate methanolic wastewater (COD/SO42- ratio ≤ 2). Methane production rate for BE-UASB was 1.4 times higher than that of the single UASB, while SO42- removal stabilized at 16.7%. Bioelectrocatalysis selectively enriched key functional anaerobes and stimulated the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances, especially humic acids favoring electron transfer, thereby accelerating the electroactive biofilms development of electrodes. Methanomethylovorans was the dominant genus (35%) to directly convert methanol to CH4. Methanobacterium as CO2 electroreduction methane-producing archaea appeared only on electrodes. Acetobacterium exhibited anode-dependence, which provided acetate for sulfate-reducing bacteria (norank Syntrophobacteraceae and Desulfomicrobium) through synergistic coexistence. This study confirmed that BE-UASB regulated the microbial ecology to achieve efficient removal and energy recovery of high-sulfate methanolic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Gao
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Shiliang Heng
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Zhaobin Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yisheng Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Bin Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yule Han
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Wanjiang Li
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xueqin Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 N Zhongshan Rd, Shanghai 200062, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
| | - Guangyin Zhen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai 200092, PR China; Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, PR China
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2
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Liang Y, Chen Y, Chen C, Zhou X, Jia W, Wu Y, Wu Q, Guo L, Wang H, Guo WQ. Sequential bio-treatment of ammonia-rich wastewater from Chinese medicine residue utilization: Regulation of dissolved oxygen. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:131041. [PMID: 38925404 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
To effectively treat actual ammonia-rich Chinese medicine residue (CMR) resource utilization wastewater, we optimized an anaerobic-microaerobic two-stage expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) and moving bed sequencing batch reactor (MBSBR) combined process. By controlling dissolved oxygen (DO) levels, impressive removal efficiencies were achieved. Microaeration, contrasting with anaerobic conditions, bolstered dehydrogenase activity, enhanced electron transfer, and enriched the functional microorganism community. The increased relative abundance of Synergistetes and Proteobacteria facilitated hydrolytic acidification and fostered nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Furthermore, we examined the impact of DO concentration in MBSBR on pollutant removal and microbial metabolic activity, pinpointing 2.5 mg/L as the optimal DO concentration for superior removal performance and energy conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chuchu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xianjiao Zhou
- Heilongjiang Province Daqing Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center, Daqing 163000, China
| | - Wenrui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yaohua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qinglian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Huazhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Wan-Qian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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3
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Ortiz-Ardila AE, Celis C, Usack JG, Angenent LT, Labatut RA. Microaeration promotes volatile siloxanes conversion to methane and simpler monomeric products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 400:130673. [PMID: 38583676 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitous use of volatile siloxanes in a myriad of product formulations has led to a widespread distribution of these persistent contaminants in both natural ecosystems and wastewater treatment plants. Microbial degradation under microaerobic conditions is a promising approach to mitigate D4 and D5 siloxanes while recovering energy in wastewater treatment plants. This study examined D4/D5 siloxanes biodegradation under both anaerobic and microaerobic conditions ( [Formula: see text] = 0, 1, 3 %) using wastewater sludge. Results show that the use of microaeration in an otherwise strictly anaerobic environment significantly enhances siloxane conversion to methane. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified potential degraders, including Clostridium lituseburense, Clostridium bifermentans and Synergistales species. Furthermore, chemical analysis suggested a stepwise siloxane conversion preceding methanogenesis under microaerobic conditions. This study demonstrates the feasibility of microaerobic siloxane biodegradation, laying groundwork for scalable removal technologies in wastewater treatment plants, ultimately highlighting the importance of using bio-based approaches in tackling persistent pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Ortiz-Ardila
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Celis
- Environmental Technology and Materials Centre, Department of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J G Usack
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - L T Angenent
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; AG Angenent, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation CO(2) Research Center (CORC), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - R A Labatut
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Adnane I, Taoumi H, Elouahabi K, Lahrech K, Oulmekki A. Valorization of crop residues and animal wastes: Anaerobic co-digestion technology. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26440. [PMID: 38439870 PMCID: PMC10909651 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To switch the over-reliance on fossil-based resources, curb environmental quality deterioration, and promote the use of renewable fuels, much attention has recently been directed toward the implementation of sustainable and environmentally benign 'waste-to-energy' technology exploiting a clean, inexhaustible, carbon-neutral, and renewable energy source, namely agricultural biomass. From this perspective, anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) technology emerges as a potent and plausible approach to attain sustainable energy development, foster environmental sustainability, and, most importantly, circumvent the key challenges associated with mono-digestion. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of AcoD as a biochemical valorization pathway of crop residues and livestock manure for biogas production. Furthermore, this manuscript aims to assess the different biotic and abiotic parameters affecting co-digestion efficiency and present recent advancements in pretreatment technologies designed to enhance feedstock biodegradability and conversion rate. It can be concluded that the substantial quantities of crop residues and animal waste generated annually from agricultural practices represent valuable bioenergy resources that can contribute to meeting global targets for affordable renewable energy. Nevertheless, extensive and multidisciplinary research is needed to evolve the industrial-scale implementation of AcoD technology of livestock waste and crop residues, particularly when a pretreatment phase is included, and bridge the gap between small-scale studies and real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Adnane
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), IPI Laboratory, ENS, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hamza Taoumi
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), IPI Laboratory, ENS, Fez, Morocco
| | - Karim Elouahabi
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), IPI Laboratory, ENS, Fez, Morocco
| | - Khadija Lahrech
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), ENSA, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Oulmekki
- Laboratory of Processes, Materials and Environment (LPME), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Zhang X, Fan Y, Hao T, Chen R, Zhang T, Hu Y, Li D, Pan Y, Li YY, Kong Z. Insights into current bio-processes and future perspectives of carbon-neutral treatment of industrial organic wastewater: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117630. [PMID: 37993050 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
With the rise of the concept of carbon neutrality, the current wastewater treatment process of industrial organic wastewater is moving towards the goal of energy conservation and carbon emission reduction. The advantages of anaerobic digestion (AD) processes in industrial organic wastewater treatment for bio-energy recovery, which is in line with the concept of carbon neutrality. This study summarized the significance and advantages of the state-of-the-art AD processes were reviewed in detail. The application of expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors and anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) were particularly introduced for the effective treatment of industrial organic wastewater treatment due to its remarkable prospect of engineering application for the high-strength wastewater. This study also looks forward to the optimization of the AD processes through the enhancement strategies of micro-aeration pretreatment, acidic-alkaline pretreatment, co-digestion, and biochar addition to improve the stability of the AD system and energy recovery from of industrial organic wastewater. The integration of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) with the AD processes for the post-treatment of nitrogenous pollutants for the industrial organic wastewater is also introduced as a feasible carbon-neutral process. The combination of AnMBR and Anammox is highly recommended as a promising carbon-neutral process for the removal of both organic and inorganic pollutants from the industrial organic wastewater for future perspective. It is also suggested that the AD processes combined with biological hydrogen production, microalgae culture, bioelectrochemical technology and other bio-processes are suitable for the low-carbon treatment of industrial organic wastewater with the concept of carbon neutrality in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzheng Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yuqin Fan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Design and Innovation, Shanghai International College of Design & Innovation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yong Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yang Pan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Zhe Kong
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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6
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Buakaew T, Ratanatamskul C. Effects of microaeration and sludge recirculation on VFA and nitrogen removal, membrane fouling reduction and microbial community of the anaerobic baffled biofilm-membrane bioreactor in treating building wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166248. [PMID: 37582447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel anaerobic baffled biofilm-membrane bioreactor (AnBB-MBR) with microaeration of 0.62 LO2/LFeed was developed to improve VFA and nitrogen removal from building wastewater. Three different membrane bioreactor systems - R1: AnBB-MBR (without microaeration); R2: AnBB-MBR with microaeration; and R3: AnBB-MBR with integrated microaeration and sludge recirculation - were operated in parallel at the same hydraulic retention time of 20 h and sludge retention time of 100 d. The microaeration promoted greater microbial richness and diversity, which could significantly enhance the removal of acetic acid and dissolved methane in the R2 and R3 systems. Moreover, the partial nitrification and the ability of anammox (Candidatus Brocadia) to thrive in R2 enabled NH4+-N removal to be enhanced by up to 57.8 %. The worst membrane fouling was found in R1 due to high amount of protein as well as fine particles (0.5-5.0 μm) acting as foulants that contributed to pore blocking. While the integration of sludge recirculation with microaeration in R3 was able to improve the membrane permeate flux slightly as compared to R2. Therefore, the AnBB-MBR integrated with a microaeration system (R2) can be considered as promising technology for building wastewater treatment when considering VFA and nutrient removal and an energy-saving approach with low aeration intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanissorn Buakaew
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chavalit Ratanatamskul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Innovative Waste Treatment and Water Reuse, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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7
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Xia Q, Liu F, Sun S, Huang W, Zhao Z, Yang F, Lei Z, Huang W, Yi X. Coupling Iron Sludge Addition and Intermittent Aeration for Achieving Simultaneous Methanogenesis, Feammox, and Denitrification in a Single Reactor Treating Fish Sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15065-15075. [PMID: 37772420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
An integrated anaerobic digestion system for the simultaneous removal of carbon and nitrogen from fish sludge was developed by coupling iron sludge supplementation with intermittent aeration. In terms of nitrogen removal, Fe(III) in iron sludge could trigger Feammox reactions and intermittent aeration could drive the Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle to sustain continuous ammonia removal. Mass balance analysis suggested that nitrate was the main product of Feammox, which was subsequently removed through heterotrophic denitrification. In terms of carbon removal, the Fe(III)-induced dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) process significantly promoted fish sludge hydrolysis and provided more simple organics for methanogens and denitrifiers, but aeration showed a negative impact on methanogenesis. To promote nitrogen removal and avoid serious methanogenesis inhibition, different aeration intensities were studied. Results showed that compared with the control without aeration or iron sludge addition, aeration for 5 min every 3 days (150 mL/min) contributed to a 29.0% lower NH4+-N concentration and a 12.1% lower total chemical oxygen demand level on day 28, and the decline in methane yield was acceptable (only 13.5% lower). Simultaneous methanogenesis, Feammox, and denitrification in a single reactor treating fish sludge were achieved, which provides a simple and low-cost strategy for the treatment of organic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shengrui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ziwen Zhao
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, 7 Yuancun West Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510345, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xuesong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou 570228, China
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Chen X, Xiao B, Tang X, Bian C, Liu J, Li L. Microbial electrolysis cell simultaneously enhancing methanization and reducing hydrogen sulfide production in anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 337:139445. [PMID: 37423410 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) at three applied voltages (0.8, 1.3, and 1.6 V) on simultaneously enhancing methanization and reducing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production in the anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge were studied. The results showed that the MECs at 1.3 V and 1.6 V simultaneously enhanced the methane production by 57.02 and 12.70% and organic matter removal by 38.77 and 11.13%, and reduced H2S production by 94.8 and 98.2%, respectively. MECs at 1.3 V and 1.6 V created a micro-aerobic conditions for the digesters with oxidation-reduction potential as -178∼-232 mv, which enhanced methanization and reduced H2S production. Sulfur reduction, H2S and elemental sulfur oxidation occurred simultaneously in the ADs at 1.3 V and 1.6 V. The relative abundances of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria increased from 0.11% to 0.42% and those of sulfur-reducing bacteria decreased from 1.24% to 0.33% when the applied voltage of MEC increased from 0 V to 1.6 V. Hydrogen produced by electrolysis enhanced the abundance of Methanobacterium and changed the methanogenesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Chen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Benyi Xiao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunlin Bian
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, China
| | - Junxin Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
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9
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Loughrin JH, Parekh RR, Agga GE, Silva PJ, Sistani KR. Microbiome Diversity of Anaerobic Digesters Is Enhanced by Microaeration and Low Frequency Sound. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2349. [PMID: 37764193 PMCID: PMC10535533 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogas is produced by a consortium of bacteria and archaea. We studied how the microbiome of poultry litter digestate was affected by time and treatments that enhanced biogas production. The microbiome was analyzed at six, 23, and 42 weeks of incubation. Starting at week seven, the digesters underwent four treatments: control, microaeration with 6 mL air L-1 digestate per day, treatment with a 1000 Hz sine wave, or treatment with the sound wave and microaeration. Both microaeration and sound enhanced biogas production relative to the control, while their combination was not as effective as microaeration alone. At week six, over 80% of the microbiome of the four digesters was composed of the three phyla Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes, with less than 10% Euryarchaeota and Bacteroidetes. At week 23, the digester microbiomes were more diverse with the phyla Spirochaetes, Synergistetes, and Verrucomicrobia increasing in proportion and the abundance of Actinobacteria decreasing. At week 42, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota, and Actinobacteria were the most dominant phyla, comprising 27.8%, 21.4%, 17.6%, and 12.3% of the microbiome. Other than the relative proportions of Firmicutes being increased and proportions of Bacteroidetes being decreased by the treatments, no systematic shifts in the microbiomes were observed due to treatment. Rather, microbial diversity was enhanced relative to the control. Given that both air and sound treatment increased biogas production, it is likely that they improved poultry litter breakdown to promote microbial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Loughrin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, 2413 Nashville Road, Suite B5, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (R.R.P.); (G.E.A.); (P.J.S.); (K.R.S.)
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10
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Wu Z, Nguyen D, Shrestha S, Raskin L, Khanal SK, Lee PH. Evaluation of Nanaerobic Digestion as a Mechanism to Explain Surplus Methane Production in Animal Rumina and Engineered Digesters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12302-12314. [PMID: 37565790 PMCID: PMC10448717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanaerobes are a newly described class of microorganisms that use a unique cytochrome bd oxidase to achieve nanaerobic respiration at <2 μM dissolved oxygen (∼1% of atmospheric oxygen) but are not viable above this value due to the lack of other terminal oxidases. Although sharing an overlapping ecological niche with methanogenic archaea, the role of nanaerobes in methanogenic systems has not been studied so far. To explore their occurrence and significance, we re-analyzed published meta-omic datasets from animal rumina and waste-to-energy digesters, including conventional anaerobic digesters and anaerobic digesters with ultra-low oxygenation. Results show that animal rumina share broad similarities in the microbial community and system performance with oxygenated digesters, rather than with conventional anaerobic digesters, implying that trace levels of oxygen drive the efficient digestion in ruminants. The rumen system serves as an ideal model for the newly named nanaerobic digestion, as it relies on the synergistic co-occurrence of nanaerobes and methanogens for methane yield enhancement. The most abundant ruminal bacterial family Prevotellaceae contains many nanaerobes, which perform not only anaerobic fermentation but also nanaerobic respiration using cytochrome bd oxidase. These nanaerobes generally accompany hydrogenotrophic methanogens to constitute a thermodynamically and physiologically consistent framework for efficient methane generation. Our findings provide new insights into ruminal methane emissions and strategies to enhance methane generation from biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoying Wu
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United
Kingdom
- Shanghai
Shaanxi Coal Hi-tech Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201613, China
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai’i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu 96822, Hawaii, United States
- The
Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Shilva Shrestha
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 1351 Beal Avenue, 107 EWRE Building, Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States
- Joint
BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Biological
Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lutgarde Raskin
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 1351 Beal Avenue, 107 EWRE Building, Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai’i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu 96822, Hawaii, United States
| | - Po-Heng Lee
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United
Kingdom
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11
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Meng X, Wang Q, Zhao X, Cai Y, Fu J, Zhu M, Ma X, Wang P, Liu R, Wang Y, Liu W, Ren L. Effect of aeration/micro-aeration on lignocellulosic decomposition, maturity and seedling phytotoxicity during full-scale biogas residues composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 168:246-255. [PMID: 37327518 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the accelerated construction of biogas plants, the amount of biogas residues are expanding. Composting has been widely implemented to deal with biogas residues. Aeration regulation is the main factor affecting the post-composting treatment of biogas residues as high-quality fertilizer or soil amendment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of different aeration regulations on full-scale biogas residues compost maturity by controlling oxygen concentration under micro-aeration and aeration conditions. Results showed that micro-aerobic extended the thermophilic stage of 17 days at above 55 ℃ and facilitated the mineralization process of organic nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen to retain higher N nutrition levels compared to aerobic treatment. For biogas residues with high moisture, aeration should be regulated at different full-scale composting stages. Total organic carbon (TOC), NH4+-N, NO3--N, total potassium (TK), total phosphorus (TP) and the germination index (GI) could be used to evaluate stabilization, fertilizer efficiency and phytotoxicity of compost with frequent monitoring times. However, seedling growth trials were still necessary in full-scale composting plants when changing of composting process or biogas residues feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qingping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xixi Zhao
- China IPPR International Engineering Co., Ltd, Logistics and Industrial Engineering Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yafan Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jingyi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mingcheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xuguang Ma
- School of New Energy Materials and Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Rufei Liu
- Cucde Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100120, China
| | - Yongjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Lianhai Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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12
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Chen Q, Zhao B, Zhang Y, Zhu F, Wang H, Wang J, Fu X. The function of "Cambi® thermal hydrolysis + anaerobic digestion" on heavy metal behavior and risks in a full-scale sludge treatment plant based on four seasons investigation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130579. [PMID: 37055984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The environmental risk of heavy metals in sewage sludge from a full-scale "Cambi® thermal hydrolysis + anaerobic digestion" sludge treatment plant was discussed based on four seasons' data. Results showed that the order of heavy metal concentration in sludge was Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > As > Pb > Hg > Cd, which all increased significantly due to the "enrichment effect" caused by the degradation of organics. Nevertheless, the mass of heavy metals except for Cd decreased. Chemical fractions of different heavy metals in raw sludge varied greatly. The proportion of their residual fraction all increased slightly after treatment. Thermal hydrolysis and anaerobic digestion led to the transformation of some heavy metal fractions. Deep dehydration process reduced the mass of heavy metals from sludge (less than 10%). Potential ecological risk of heavy metals was low (RI <150) when sludge is applied 0.75 kg/m2 to soil according to GB 4284-2018, in which the risk of Hg and Cd was highest. Furthermore, the accumulation amounts of heavy metals in test soil and rural soil with the annual sludge application amount of 0.75 kg/m2 for 15 years were calculated, which did not exceed GB 36600-2018 and GB 15618-2018 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Fenfen Zhu
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd., Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xingmin Fu
- Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd., Beijing 100124, China
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13
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Randazzo A, Zorzi F, Venturi S, Bicocchi G, Viti G, Tatàno F, Tassi F. Degradation of biogas in a simulated landfill cover soil at laboratory scale: Compositional changes of main components and volatile organic compounds. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 157:229-241. [PMID: 36577274 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory experiment lasting 28 days was run to simulate a typical landfill system and to investigate the compositional changes affecting the main components (CH4, CO2, and H2) and nonmethane volatile organic compounds from biogas generated by anaerobic digestion of food waste and passing through a soil column. Gas samples were periodically collected from both the digester headspace and the soil column at increasing distances from the biogas source. CH4 and H2 were efficiently degraded along the soil column. The isotopic values of δ13C measured in CH4 and CO2 from the soil column were relatively enriched in 13C compared to the biogas. Aromatics and alkanes were the most abundant groups in the biogas samples. Among these compounds, alkylated benzenes and long-chain C3+ alkanes were significantly degraded within the soil column, whereas benzene and short-chain alkanes were recalcitrant. Terpene and O-substituted compounds were relatively stable under oxidising conditions. Cyclic, alkene, S-substituted, and halogenated compounds, which exhibited minor amounts in the digester headspace, were virtually absent in the soil column. These results pointed out how many recalcitrant potentially toxic and polluting compounds tend to be relatively enriched along the soil column, claiming action to minimise diffuse landfill gas (LFG) emissions. The proposed experimental approach represents a reliable tool for investigating the attenuation capacities of landfill cover soils for LFG components and developing optimised covers by adopting proper soil treatments and operating conditions to improve their degradation efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; IGG - Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Francesca Zorzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefania Venturi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; IGG - Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bicocchi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Gregorio Viti
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabio Tatàno
- DiSPeA - Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Section ChEM - Chemistry, Environment, and Materials, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Campus Scientifico "E. Mattei", 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Franco Tassi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; IGG - Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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14
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Castro IMP, Azevedo LS, Souza CL. Evaluation of microaeration strategies in the digestion zone of UASB reactors as an alternative for biogas desulfurization. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:431-445. [PMID: 34463202 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1974574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the microaeration as an alternative for hydrogen sulfide removal from biogas of UASB reactors treating sewage. The set-up consisted of two pilot-scale UASB reactors, including a conventional anaerobic and a modified UASB reactor, operated under microaerated conditions. Air was supplied in the digestion zone, at 1 and 3 m from the bottom of the reactor, and three different air flows were investigated: 10, 20, and 30 mL.min-1, corresponding to 0.003, 0.005 and 0.005 LO2/Linfluent, respectively. The main results showed that the microaeration provided a substantial decrease in hydrogen sulfide concentrations when compared to the concentrations observed in the biogas of the anaerobic UASB reactor. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations remained below 70 ppmv throughout the experimental period, corresponding to an average removal efficiency of 98%. Although a decrease in methane concentrations in biogas was observed, the feasibility of energy use would not be affected. The effect of microaeration on the overall performance of the reactor was evaluated, however, no significant differences were observed. The feasibility of limiting aeration conditions in the reactor digestion zone as an efficient alternative for hydrogen sulfide removal from biogas was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M P Castro
- Departments of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - L S Azevedo
- Departments of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - C L Souza
- Departments of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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15
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Cao Q, Zhang W, Lian T, Wang S, Yin F, Zhou T, Wei X, Dong H. Revealing mechanism of micro-aeration for enhancing volatile fatty acids production from swine manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 365:128140. [PMID: 36252761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Micro-aeration is considered a new strategy for improving volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production of agricultural waste. This study investigated the effect and mechanism of micro-aeration of air and oxygen (O2) on VFAs production from swine manure. The results showed that Air-micro-aeration had the most significant improvement effect, with the highest VFAs of 8.21 g/L, which was increased by 22.4%. Moreover, the mixing effects of different micro-aeration were limited, and the microbial communities significantly varied. Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the dominant hydrolytic and acidogenic bacteria, and Air-micro-aeration preferentially promoted electron transfer activity and energy generation. Methanosarcina, Methanocorpusculum, and Methanobrevibacter can adapt to environmental changes according to their different oxygen tolerance, and the consumption and conversion of VFAs by methanogens were slow under Air-micro-aeration condition. This study revealed mechanism of micro-aeration for improving VFAs production from swine manure, providing a theoretical basis for micro-aeration regulation optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitao Cao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Wanqin Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Tianjing Lian
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Shunli Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Fubin Yin
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Tanlong Zhou
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xiaoman Wei
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hongmin Dong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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16
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Kumdhitiahutsawakul L, Jirachaisakdeacha D, Kantha U, Pholchan P, Sattayawat P, Chitov T, Tragoolpua Y, Bovonsombut S. Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from Swine-Waste Biogas on a Pilot Scale Using Immobilized Paracoccus versutus CM1. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112148. [PMID: 36363739 PMCID: PMC9693040 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic and corrosive component that commonly occurs in biogas. In this study, H2S removal from swine-waste biogas using sulfur-oxidizing Paracoccus versutus CM1 immobilized in porous glass (PG) and polyurethane foam (PUF) biofilters was investigated. Bacterial compositions in the biofilters were also determined using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The biofilters were first tested on a laboratory scale under three space velocities (SV): 20, 30, and 40 h−1. Within 24 h, at an SV of 20 h−1, PG and PUF biofilters immobilized with P. versutus CM1 removed 99.5% and 99.7% of H2S, respectively, corresponding to the elimination capacities (EC) of 83.5 and 86.2 gm−3 h−1. On a pilot scale, with the horizontal PG-P. versutus CM1 biofilter operated at an SV of 30 h−1, a removal efficiency of 99.7% and a maximum EC of 113.7 gm−3 h−1 were achieved. No reduction in methane content in the outlet biogas was observed under these conditions. The PCR-DGGE analysis revealed that Paracoccus, Acidithiobacillus, and Thiomonas were the predominant bacterial genera in the biofilters, which might play important roles in H2S removal. This PG−P. versutus CM1 biofiltration system is highly efficient for H2S removal from swine-waste biogas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladapa Kumdhitiahutsawakul
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Dolruedee Jirachaisakdeacha
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Uthen Kantha
- Energy Research and Development Institute-Nakornping, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Patiroop Pholchan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pachara Sattayawat
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thararat Chitov
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Environmental Science Research Center (ESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Yingmanee Tragoolpua
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Environmental Science Research Center (ESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (S.B.); Tel.: +66-65-6688-529 (S.B.)
| | - Sakunnee Bovonsombut
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Environmental Science Research Center (ESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (S.B.); Tel.: +66-65-6688-529 (S.B.)
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17
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Sun Z, Li J, Fan Y, Meng J. A quantified nitrogen metabolic network by reaction kinetics and mathematical model in a single-stage microaerobic system treating low COD/TN wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119112. [PMID: 36166999 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A single-stage intermittent aeration microaerobic reactor (IAMR) has been developed for the cost-effective nitrogen removal from piggery wastewater with a low ratio of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to total nitrogen (TN). In this study, a quantified nitrogen metabolic network was constructed based on the metagenomics, reaction kinetics and mathematical model to provide a revealing insight into the nitrogen removal mechanism in the IAMR. Metagenomics revealed that a complex nitrogen metabolic network, including aerobic ammonia and nitrite oxidation, anammox, denitrification via nitrate and nitrite, and nitrate respiration, existed in the IAMR. A novel method for solving kinetic parameters with high stability was developed based on a genetic algorithm. Use this method to calculate the kinetics of various reactions involved in nitrogen metabolism. Kinetics revealed that simultaneous partial nitritation-anammox (PN/A) and partial denitrification-anammox (PDN/A) were the dominant approaches to nitrogen removal in the IAMR. Finally, a kinetics-based model was proposed for quantitatively describing the nitrogen metabolic network under the limitation of COD. 58% ∼ 67% of nitrogen was removed via the anammox-based processes (PN/A and PDN/A), but only 7% ∼ 12% and 1% ∼ 2% of nitrogen were removed via heterotrophic denitrification of nitrite and nitrate, respectively. The half-inhibition constant of dissolved oxygen (DO) on anammox was simulated as 0.37 ∼ 0.60 mg L-1, filling the gap in quantifying DO inhibition on anammox. High-frequency intermittent aeration was identified as the crucial measure to suppress nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, although it has a high affinity for DO and NO2--N. In continuous aeration mode, the simulated NO3--N in the IAMR would rise by 39.6%. The research provides a novel insight into the nitrogen removal mechanism in single-stage microaerobic systems and provides a reliable approach to practicing PN/A and PDN/A for cost-effective nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenju Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jianzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Yiyang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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18
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Fu S, Lian S, Angelidaki I, Guo R. Micro-aeration: an attractive strategy to facilitate anaerobic digestion. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 41:714-726. [PMID: 36216713 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Micro-aeration can facilitate anaerobic digestion (AD) by regulating microbial communities and promoting the growth of facultative taxa, thereby increasing methane yield and stabilizing the AD process. Additionally, micro-aeration contributes to hydrogen sulfide stripping by oxidization to produce molecular sulfur or sulfuric acid. Although micro-aeration can positively affect AD, it must be strictly regulated to maintain an overall anaerobic environment that permits anaerobic microorganisms to thrive. Even so, obligate anaerobes, especially methanogens, could suffer from oxidative stress during micro-aeration. This review describes the applications of micro-aeration in AD and examines the cutting-edge advances in how methanogens survive under oxygen stress. Moreover, barriers and corresponding solutions are proposed to move micro-aeration technology closer to application at scale.
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19
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The Measurement, Application and Effect of Oxygen in Microbial Fermentations: Focusing on Methane and Carboxylate Production. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8040138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is considered detrimental to anaerobic fermentation processes by many practitioners. However, deliberate oxygen sparging has been used successfully for decades to remove H2S in anaerobic digestion (AD) systems. Moreover, microaeration techniques during AD have shown that small doses of oxygen may enhance process performance and promote the in situ degradation of recalcitrant compounds. However, existing oxygen dosing techniques are imprecise, which has led to inconsistent results between studies. At the same time, real-time oxygen fluxes cannot be reliably quantified due to the complexity of most bioreactor systems. Thus, there is a pressing need for robust monitoring and process control in applications where oxygen serves as an operating parameter or an experimental variable. This review summarizes and evaluates the available methodologies for oxygen measurement and dosing as they pertain to anaerobic microbiomes. The historical use of (micro-)aeration in anaerobic digestion and its potential role in other anaerobic fermentation processes are critiqued in detail. This critique also provides insights into the effects of oxygen on these microbiomes. Our assessment suggests that oxygen dosing, when implemented in a controlled and quantifiable manner, could serve as an effective tool for bioprocess engineers to further manipulate anaerobic microbiomes for either bioenergy or biochemical production.
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20
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Chen Q, Wu W, Guo Y, Li J, Wei F. Environmental impact, treatment technology and monitoring system of ship domestic sewage: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:151410. [PMID: 34742958 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine pollution caused by the substandard discharge of domestic sewage from ships has received considerable attention in recent years. Thus, the research and application of efficient treatment and supervision system of domestic ship sewage are matters of considerable interest in marine pollution prevention. The environmental impacts of black and grey water on marine and river environments were reviewed to emphasize the urgency and importance of sewage treatment. Development and changes of emission indexes revealed the emphasis on marine environmental protection and domestic sewage discharge. Based on summarizing the difficulties of high salinity, high organic load and poor stability in ship sewage treatment, the technologies of physical-, chemical- and biochemical-based processing were reviewed. Case study of online monitoring system was displayed to provide research trends. The challenges and future perspectives were also provided to promote supervision and disposal of domestic sewage from ships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China; Engineering Technology Center for Ship Safety and Pollution Control, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China; Engineering Technology Center for Ship Safety and Pollution Control, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116026, PR China.
| | - Yafei Guo
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Jingtai Li
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Fang Wei
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China
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21
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Vu HP, Nguyen LN, Wang Q, Ngo HH, Liu Q, Zhang X, Nghiem LD. Hydrogen sulphide management in anaerobic digestion: A critical review on input control, process regulation, and post-treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126634. [PMID: 34971773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in biogas is a problematic impurity that can inhibit methanogenesis and cause equipment corrosion. This review discusses technologies to remove H2S during anaerobic digestion (AD) via: input control, process regulation, and post-treatment. Post-treatment technologies (e.g. biotrickling filters and scrubbers) are mature with >95% removal efficiency but they do not mitigate H2S toxicity to methanogens within the AD. Input control (i.e. substrate pretreatment via chemical addition) reduces sulphur input into AD via sulphur precipitation. However, available results showed <75% of H2S removal efficiency. Microaeration to regulate AD condition is a promising alternative for controlling H2S formation. Microaeration, or the use of oxygen to regulate the redox potential at around -250 mV, has been demonstrated at pilot and full scale with >95% H2S reduction, stable methane production, and low operational cost. Further adaptation of microaeration relies on a comprehensive design framework and exchange operational experience for eliminating the risk of over-aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang P Vu
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Luong N Nguyen
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Hao H Ngo
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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22
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Khalid ZB, Karim A, Jadhav P, Mishra P, Wahid ZBA, Nasrullah M. Environmental and economic life cycle assessment of biochar use in anaerobic digestion for biogas production. TECHNO-ECONOMICS AND LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF BIOREACTORS 2022:185-206. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-89848-5.00002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Chu L, Ding P, Ding M. Pilot-scale microaerobic hydrolysis-acidification and anoxic-oxic processes for the treatment of petrochemical wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58677-58687. [PMID: 34118001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microaerobic hydrolysis and acidification (MHA), as a promising pre-treatment method of industrial wastewater, is drawing increasing attention to enhance the hydrolysis-acidification rate and inhibit the production of toxic gas H2S. In the present work, a pilot-scale MHA reactor coupled with anoxic-oxic (A/O) processes for treating the petrochemical wastewater was established and the mechanism and application of the MHA reaction were explored. The results showed that the ratio of VFA/COD was increased by 43-90% and low effluent S2- concentration (less than 0.2 mg/L) was obtained after MHA treatment with 5.5-13.8 L air m-3 h-1 supply. The MHA sludge exhibited a good settleability, a higher protease activity and plentiful community diversity. In addition to the dominant anaerobic bacteria responsible for hydrolysis and acidification such as Clostridiales uncultured, Anaerovorax, Anaerolineaceae uncultured and Fastidiosipila, the sulfate reducing bacteria involving Desulfobacter, Desulfomicrobium and Desulfobulbus, the sulphur oxidizing bacteria involving Thiobacillus, Arcobacter and Limnobacter, the nitrifies such as Nitrosomonadaceae uncultured and Nitrospira, and denitrifies Thauera were also identified. MHA pre-treatment guaranteed the efficacy and stability of the following A/O treatment. The removal efficiency of COD and ammonium of the MHA-A/O system remained at around 78.3% and 80.8%, respectively, although the organic load fluctuated greatly in the influent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Chu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengyuan Ding
- Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Sinopec, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingcong Ding
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 102616, People's Republic of China
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Chen Q, Wu W, Zhang L, Wei F. Shifts in enzymatic activities and microbial community structures in the bioenhanced treatment of ship domestic sewage under microaerobic conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51242-51250. [PMID: 33982250 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A bioenhancement strategy for improving the anaerobic degradation efficiency of ship domestic sewage under microaerobic conditions was proposed in this study. Strains Stenotrophomonas sp. MSPP05 and Prevotella sp. MSPP07 with high organic-degrading efficiency and extracellular hydrolase yield were used for the bioenhancement of activated sludge. In batch experiments, the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen reached 94.5% and 66.9% after 72 h of degradation. The activities of dehydrogenase, extracellular amylase, and protease in the treatment group were 1.2, 1.4, and 2.0 times higher than those in the control group. Microbial community analysis showed that exogenous enhanced strains competed with original microorganisms and became dominant. One-stage continuous stirred tank reactor with bioenhanced activated sludge ran steadily for 90 days with average effluent COD and TN concentrations of 87.5 and 14.6 mg/L. The feasibility of improving organic-degrading efficiency through bioenhancement by using exogenous hydrolase-producing strains was confirmed under microaerobic conditions. This work provided a theoretical basis for improving treatment effects and developing a new technique for ship domestic sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linghua Zhang
- Environmental Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wei
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, People's Republic of China
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Yang H, Deng L, Wu J, Wang W, Zheng D, Wang Z, Liu Y. Intermittent air mixing system for anaerobic digestion of animal wastewater: Operating conditions and full-scale validation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 335:125304. [PMID: 34029867 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An air mixing system for anaerobic digestion has been proved to be beneficial for methane production. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the appropriate conditions for air mixing. The effective methane production time (EMPT) was defined to determine the air mixing time in the article. The results indicated that the appropriate aeration intensity was 66.7 mL air per volume of reactor per min and mixing time was 1.5 min. When air mixing time exceeded 3 min on each occasion, total CH4 production was less than that achieved under the no mixing condition due to a decrease in the EMPT. In addition, the possibility of air mixing was evaluated in an anaerobic full-scale plant comprising a continuous stirred tank reactor. One year of operating data validated the feasibility of air mixing during the anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongnan Yang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Liangwei Deng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Jianwang Wu
- Shijiazhuang Chengding Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050000, PR China
| | - Wenguo Wang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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High-Solid Anaerobic Digestion: Reviewing Strategies for Increasing Reactor Performance. ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8080080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High-solid and solid-state anaerobic digestion are technologies capable of achieving high reactor productivity. The high organic load admissible for this type of configuration makes these technologies an ideal ally in the conversion of waste into bioenergy. However, there are still several factors associated with these technologies that result in low performance. The economic model based on a linear approach is unsustainable, and changes leading to the development of a low-carbon model with a high degree of circularity are necessary. Digestion technology may represent a key driver leading these changes but it is undeniable that the profitability of these plants needs to be increased. In the present review, the digestion process under high-solid-content configurations is analyzed and the different strategies for increasing reactor productivity that have been studied in recent years are described. Percolating reactor configurations and the use of low-cost adsorbents, nanoparticles and micro-aeration seem the most suitable approaches to increase volumetric production and reduce initial capital investment costs.
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Deng S, Wang B, Zhang W, Su S, Dong H, Banat IM, Sun S, Guo J, Liu W, Wang L, She Y, Zhang F. Elucidate microbial characteristics in a full-scale treatment plant for offshore oil produced wastewater. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255836. [PMID: 34383807 PMCID: PMC8360554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil-produced wastewater treatment plants, especially those involving biological treatment processes, harbor rich and diverse microbes. However, knowledge of microbial ecology and microbial interactions determining the efficiency of plants for oil-produced wastewater is limited. Here, we performed 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to elucidate the microbial composition and potential microbial functions in a full-scale well-worked offshore oil-produced wastewater treatment plant. Results showed that microbes that inhabited the plant were diverse and originated from oil and marine associated environments. The upstream physical and chemical treatments resulted in low microbial diversity. Organic pollutants were digested in the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) dominantly through fermentation combined with sulfur compounds respiration. Three aerobic parallel reactors (APRs) harbored different microbial groups that performed similar potential functions, such as hydrocarbon degradation, acidogenesis, photosynthetic assimilation, and nitrogen removal. Microbial characteristics were important to the performance of oil-produced wastewater treatment plants with biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Deng
- School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Wenda Zhang
- College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sanbao Su
- College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ibrahim M. Banat
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, N. Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Shanshan Sun
- College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Weiming Liu
- Sinopec Shengli Oilfield, Dongying, Shangdong, China
| | - Linhai Wang
- CNOOC Energy Development Co. Ltd. Technology Branch, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehui She
- College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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28
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Sun Z, Li J, Fan Y, Meng J, Deng K. Efficiency and mechanism of nitrogen removal from piggery wastewater in an improved microaerobic process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:144925. [PMID: 33610988 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Characterized by high ammonium (NH4+ - N) and low ratio of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to total nitrogen (COD/TN), discharge of piggery wastewater has been identified as a primary pollution source resulting in water eutrophication. An improved microaerobic reactor, internal aerating microaerobic reactor (IAMR), was constructed to treat manure-free piggery wastewater without effluent recycle at dissolved oxygen of 0.3 mg/L and 32 °C. A removal rate of COD, NH4+ - N and TN averaged 77.9%, 94.6% and 82.6% was obtained in the reactor, with the concentration of 258.5, 235.5 and 335.2 mg/L in influent, respectively. 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, carbon and nitrogen mass balance and stoichiometry indicated that heterotrophic nitrification-anammox was the dominant approach to nitrogen removal. Microbiome phenotypes showed that aerobic bacteria were the dominant microorganisms, and the microbiome oxidative stress tolerance was intensified along with the continuous operation of the IAMR, resulting in the survival of various facultative and anaerobic bacteria for nutrients removal. With the good nutrients removal, less energy consumption, and high tolerance to influent fluctuation, the improved IAMR was confirmed as a promising process for treating wastewater with high NH4+ - N and low COD/TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenju Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jianzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Yiyang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Kaiwen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
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Chuenchart W, Karki R, Shitanaka T, Marcelino KR, Lu H, Khanal SK. Nanobubble technology in anaerobic digestion: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124916. [PMID: 33730622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanobubble technology has significant potential to improve the anaerobic digestion (AD) process by ameliorating the rate-limiting steps of hydrolysis and methanogenesis, as well as providing process stability by reducing sulfide and volatile fatty acid (VFA) levels. Nanobubbles (NB) can enhance substrate accessibility, digestibility, and enzymatic activity due to their minuscule size, high electrostatic interaction, and ability to generate reactive oxygen species. Air- and O2-NB can create a microaerobic environment for higher efficiency of the electron transport system, thereby reducing VFAs through enhanced facultative bacterial activity. Additionally, H2- and CO2-NB can improve hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. Recently, several studies have employed NB technology in the AD process. There is, however, a lack of concise, synthesized information on NB applications to the AD process. This review provides an in-depth discussion on the NB-integrated AD process and the putative mechanisms involved. General discussions on other potential applications and future research directions are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachiranon Chuenchart
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2540 Dole Street, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Renisha Karki
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Ty Shitanaka
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Kyle Rafael Marcelino
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2540 Dole Street, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Hui Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2540 Dole Street, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States; Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
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30
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Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion as an Energy Vector: Current Upgrading Development. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14102742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present work reviews the role of biogas as advanced biofuel in the renewable energy system, summarizing the main raw materials used for biogas production and the most common technologies for biogas upgrading and delving into emerging biological methanation processes. In addition, it provides a description of current European legislative framework and the potential biomethane business models as well as the main biogas production issues to be addressed to fully deploy these upgrading technologies. Biomethane could be competitive due to negative or zero waste feedstock prices, and competitive to fossil fuels in the transport sector and power generation if upgrading technologies become cheaper and environmentally sustainable.
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31
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Xu H, Li Y, Hua D, Zhao Y, Chen L, Zhou L, Chen G. Effect of microaerobic microbial pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of a lignocellulosic substrate under controlled pH conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 328:124852. [PMID: 33611022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of various microaeration strategies and process parameters on anaerobic digestion (AD) of lignocellulosic substrates have received increased attention; however, different results have been reported. To determine optimal conditions and clarify the mechanisms influencing this process, the effect of pretreatment of microaerobic microbial on corn stover decomposition and AD was investigated with real-time pH control. Fresh cow manure was chosen as the inoculum, as it has the strongest cellulose hydrolysis capacity under microaeration conditions. Microaeration microbial pretreatment effectively promoted the hydrolysis and acidogenesis of corn stover, and pH considerably affected total solid reduction, volatile fatty acid (VFA), and accumulation of soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) patterns by shifting microbial communities. Different pH levels and pretreatment times led to positive and negative effects on methane yield. A 12-h pretreatment of substrate at pH 8 prior to AD increased the methane yield by 16.6% in comparison with the un-pretreated sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Xu
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Energy Institute, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yan Li
- Energy Institute, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dongliang Hua
- Energy Institute, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhao
- Energy Institute, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Energy Institute, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Shandong Pharmaceutical Industry Design Institute, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Rashvanlou RB, Farzadkia M, Rezaee A, Gholami M, Kermani M, Pasalari H. The influence of combined low-strength ultrasonics and micro-aerobic pretreatment process on methane generation and sludge digestion: Lipase enzyme, microbial activation, and energy yield. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 73:105531. [PMID: 33799109 PMCID: PMC8044681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Low-frequency ultrasonics is a potential technology to reduce the hydrolysis phase period in anaerobic digestion process. In this study, theinfluence of combined low frequency ultrasonics and micro-aerobic (MA) pretreatment on sewage sludge solubilization, enzyme activity and anaerobic digestion were assessed. Initially, the effect of ultrasonic density (0.012, 0.014, 0.016, 0.018, 0.1, 0.12 and 0.14 W/mL) and irradiation time (1, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10 and 12 min) of 20 kHz frequency waves were investigated. Accordingly, the effect of micro-aerobic pretreatment (Air flow rate (AFR) = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 VVM) within 20, 30, 40.48 and 60 h were examined. In addition, the effect of combined pretreatment on COD solubilization, lipase enzyme activation, ATP, percentage of live bacteria and methane gas production during the anaerobic process were examined. The results showed that the highest lipase activity (14.9 Umol/mL) was obtained under the effect of ultrasonic density of 0.1 W/ml within 9 min. The highest solubilization (65%) was observed under optimal micro-aerobic conditions: AFR = 0.2 (VVM) and micro-aerobic time: 40 h. Combined ultrasonic and micro-aerobic (US + MA) pretreatment increases the solubilization (70%), microbial activity (2080%) and lipase enzymatic activity (129%) compared to individual pretreatment. The Biogas production during anaerobic digestion pretreated with combined methods increased by 193% compared to the control, while the elevated values of biogas production in reactors pretreated by ultrasonic and micro-aerobic pretreatment alone were observed to be 101% and 165%, respectively. The net energy in reactor with the combined pre-treatment methods was calculated to be 1.26 kWh, while this value for control, pretreated ultrasonic and micro-aerobic reactors were obtained to be 0.56, 0.67 and 1.2 kWh, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Barati Rashvanlou
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farzadkia
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Rezaee
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Gholami
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Kermani
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Pasalari
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhen F, Luo X, Xing T, Sun Y, Kong X, Li W. Performance evaluation and microbial community analysis of microaerobic pretreatment on thermophilic dry anaerobic digestion. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Fontaine D, Eriksen J, Sørensen P. Sulfur from biogas desulfurization: Fate of S during storage in manure and after application to plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142180. [PMID: 32920410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Residues from hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal in biogas filters contain sulfur (S) in various forms (sulfate, sulfide, elemental S) that, if properly stored, is potentially valuable as crop fertilizer. We investigated 1) the turnover of the S compounds from filter materials during storage in untreated and digested cattle manure (CM), and 2) the S fertilizer replacement value (SFRV) of the filter materials applied in pure form or mixed manure with and without storage. The S filter materials from four H2S removal processes (biological and physical-chemical) containing mostly sulfate and/or elemental S were added to untreated CM or digested CM and stored at 10 °C for six months. Afterwards, a pot experiment was established to assess the S availability in an oil-seed rape (Brassica napus) crop. Microbial reduction of sulfate into sulfide took place rapidly after 69 days storage of untreated CM. A lower reduction rate was observed in digested CM mixtures. After six months, 68% and 32% of the initial sulfate content were still present in mixtures containing the S filter materials from biological desulfurization with digested CM and untreated CM, respectively. Sulfate reduction was inhibited for 120 days when digested CM was mixed with S saturated solution from an ash filter, probably due to high pH (≥8.2) and redox potential (>-100 mV) levels. Oppositely, elemental S was immediately and simultaneously both reduced and oxidized. Relatively low losses of total S were observed during the present storage conditions. Despite S turnover, the SFRV of CM and digested CM significantly increased from 15-19% (of total S applied) to 56-90% when S filter materials were added. The storage of S filter materials in digested manure reduced the risk of sulfide production and potential S volatilization. The S filter materials were a valuable source of plant-available S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doline Fontaine
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Jørgen Eriksen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Peter Sørensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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35
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Yang H, Deng L. Using air instead of biogas for mixing and its effect on anaerobic digestion of animal wastewater with high suspended solids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124047. [PMID: 32871320 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed a new mixing method for anaerobic digestion treating animal wastewater using air as gas source of agitation (named "air mixing") and demonstrated its feasibility by comparing with other mixing modes. The results indicated that the methane production for air mixing was increased by 6.4%, 11.9% and 19.6% compared with biogas mixing, mechanical mixing and no mixing. Air mixing improved the mass transfer and the homogeneous mixing time was shortened from 10 min of mechanical mixing to 1.5 min at the same power input. A transient microaerobic environment was created by air mixing, which increased the hydrolysis efficiency by 1.7-11.4% compared with biogas mixing and facilitated VFAs generation and consumption, as well as promoted the syntrophic relationship between facultative bacteria and hydrogenotrophic methanogens. The relative contribution of the improvement of mass transfer and the reaction of microaerobic environment to methane production was 62.9% and 37.1%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongnan Yang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Liangwei Deng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Gonzalez-Salgado I, Cavaillé L, Dubos S, Mengelle E, Kim C, Bounouba M, Paul E, Pommier S, Bessiere Y. Combining thermophilic aerobic reactor (TAR) with mesophilic anaerobic digestion (MAD) improves the degradation of pharmaceutical compounds. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:116033. [PMID: 32721702 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The removal efficiency of nine pharmaceutical compounds from primary sludge was evaluated in two different operating conditions: (i) in conventional Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion (MAD) alone and (ii) in a co-treatment process combining Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion and a Thermophilic Aerobic Reactor (MAD-TAR). The pilot scale reactors were fed with primary sludge obtained after decantation of urban wastewater. Concerning the biodegradation of organic matter, thermophilic aeration increased solubilization and hydrolysis yields of digestion, resulting in a further 26% supplementary removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in MAD-TAR process compared to the conventional mesophilic anaerobic digestion. The highest removal rate of target micropollutants were observed for caffeine (CAF) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (>89%) with no substantial differences between both processes. Furthermore, MAD-TAR process showed a significant increase of removal efficiency for oxazepam (OXA) (73%), propranolol (PRO) (61%) and ofloxacine (OFL) (41%) and a slight increase for diclofenac (DIC) (4%) and 2 hydroxy-ibuprofen (2OH-IBP) (5%). However, ibuprofen (IBP) and carbamazepine (CBZ) were not degraded during both processes. Anaerobic digestion affected the liquid-solid partition of most target compounds. Sorbed fraction of pharmaceutical compounds on the sludge tend to decrease after digestion, this tendency being more pronounced in the case of the MAD-TAR process due to much lower concentration of solids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Cavaillé
- Univ Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Lab Genie Chim, 4 Allee Emile Monso, F-31432, Toulouse, France.
| | - S Dubos
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - E Mengelle
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - C Kim
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - M Bounouba
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - E Paul
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - S Pommier
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Y Bessiere
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
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Evaluation of Microaeration and Sound to Increase Biogas Production from Poultry Litter. ENVIRONMENTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/environments7080062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microaeration, wherein small amounts of air are introduced into otherwise anaerobic digesters, has been shown to enhance biogas production. This occurs by fostering the growth of facultatively aerobic bacteria and production of enzymes that enhance the degradation of complex polymers such as cellulose. The treatment of anaerobic digestate with sound at sonic frequencies (<20 kHz) has also been shown to improve biogas production. Microaeration at a rate of 800 mL day−1, treatment with a 1000-Hz sine wave, and combined microaeration/sound were compared to a control digester for the production of biogas and their effect on wastewater quality. Poultry litter from a facility using wood chips as bedding was used as feed. The initial feeding rate was 400 g week−1, and this was slowly increased to a final rate of 2400 g week−1. Compared to the control, sound treatment, aeration, and combined sound/aeration produced 17%, 32%, and 28% more biogas. The aeration alone treatment may have been more effective than combined aeration/sound due to the sound interfering with retention of aeration or the formation of free radicals during cavitation. Digesters treated with sound had the highest concentrations of suspended solids, likely due to cavitation occurring within the sludge and the resulting suspension of fine particles by bubbles.
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Chen Z, Li D, Wen Q. Investigation of hydrolysis acidification process during anaerobic treatment of coal gasification wastewater (CGW): Evolution of dissolved organic matter and biotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:137995. [PMID: 32213409 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coal gasification wastewater (CGW) contains several types of aromatic pollutants, which impart high biotoxicity and reduce the quality of anaerobic treatment. Two types of hydrolysis acidification processes, namely microaerobic hybrid reactor (HA-1) and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (HA-2), were developed for pre-treatment before the anaerobic treatment. The changes in the dissolved organic matter and biotoxicity were investigated to comprehensively understand the degradation process. The results showed that HA-2 coupled with an anaerobic reactor achieved a 12.3% and 13.4% higher removal efficiency for chemical oxygen demand and total phenols, respectively, compared with the coupled process with HA-1. Furthermore, HA-2 could transform macromolecules into small molecules more efficiently and produce fewer intermediates. The coupled process with HA-2 preferentially removed complex aromatic substances with absorption wavelengths of 285 and 254 nm, according to the sequential orders interpreted from two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. In addition, the results of fluorescence excitation-emission-matrix with regional integration analysis revealed that the contents of typical cyclic compounds in CGW, such as phenolic, heterocyclic, and polycyclic aromatic compounds were remarkably reduced by HA-2. In addition, HA-2 reduced the toxic unit value of CGW by 67.5% and increased the resazurin dehydrogenase activity of the sludge by 37.5% during CGW treatment, thus improving the biotoxicity removal and biodegradability. However, the coupled process with HA-2 did not significantly affect the "indirect estrogenic activity" of CGW. A Pearson correlation analysis indicated that spectral indicators, such as UV254 and ΦT,n, presented a high positive correlation with the reduction of acute toxicity and organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Da Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qinxue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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