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Zhang Y, Frimpong AJ, Tang J, Olayode IO, Kyei SK, Owusu-Ansah P, Agyeman PK, Fayzullayevich JV, Tan G. An explicit review and proposal of an integrated framework system to mitigate the baffling complexities induced by road dust-associated contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123957. [PMID: 38631446 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Road dust-associated contaminants (RD-AC) are gradually becoming a much thornier problem, as their monotonous correlations render them carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. While many studies have examined the harmful effects of road dust on both humans and the environment, few studies have considered the co-exposure risk and gradient outcomes given the spatial extent of RD-AC. In this spirit, this paper presents in-depth elucidation into the baffling complexities induced by both major and emerging contaminants of road dust through a panorama-to-profile up-to-date review of diverse studies unified by the goal of advancing innovative methods to mitigate these contaminants. The paper thoroughly explores the correlations between RD-AC and provides insights to understand their potential in dispersing saprotrophic microorganisms. It also explores emerging challenges and proposes a novel integrated framework system aimed at thermally inactivating viruses and other pathogenic micro-organisms commingled with RD-AC. The main findings are: (i) the co-exposure risk of both major and emerging contaminants add another layer of complexity, highlighting the need for more holistic framework strategies, given the geospatial morphology of these contaminants; (ii) road dust contaminants show great potential for extended prevalence and severity of viral particles pollution; (iii) increasing trend of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in road dust, with studies conducted solely in China thus far; and (iv) substantial hurdle exists in acquiring data concerning acute procedural distress and long-term co-exposure risk to RD-ACs. Given the baffling complexities of RD-ACs, co-exposure risk and the need for innovative mitigation strategies, the study underscore the significance of establishing robust systems for deep road dust contaminants control and future research efforts while recognizing the interconnectivity within the contaminants associated with road dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Zhang
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China; Suizhou-WUT Industrial Research Institute, Suizhou Economic Development Zone, Zengdu District, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Alex Justice Frimpong
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China; Suizhou-WUT Industrial Research Institute, Suizhou Economic Development Zone, Zengdu District, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, China; Department of Automotive and Agricultural Mechanization Engineering, Kumasi Technical University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jingning Tang
- National Special Purpose Vehicle Product Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Isaac Oyeyemi Olayode
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sampson Kofi Kyei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumasi Technical University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Prince Owusu-Ansah
- Department of Automotive and Agricultural Mechanization Engineering, Kumasi Technical University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Philip Kwabena Agyeman
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China; Suizhou-WUT Industrial Research Institute, Suizhou Economic Development Zone, Zengdu District, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jamshid Valiev Fayzullayevich
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China; Suizhou-WUT Industrial Research Institute, Suizhou Economic Development Zone, Zengdu District, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, China; School of Automobile and Automotive Economy, Tashkent State Transport University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Gangfeng Tan
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China; Suizhou-WUT Industrial Research Institute, Suizhou Economic Development Zone, Zengdu District, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, China.
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Zhang X, Qi A, Wang P, Huang Q, Zhao T, Yang L, Wang W. Influence of oil extraction on concentration distributions, migration, secondary formation and carcinogenic risk of NPAHs and OPAHs in air and soil in an oilfield development area in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:170736. [PMID: 38325475 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Oil extraction leads to environmental pollution from the oilfields and dweller activities, however, knowledge of the concentration distributions, migration, secondary formation and toxicity of nitrated/oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (N/OPAHs) in oilfield regions is limited. In this research, atmospheric and soil samples in 7 different location types in an important oil industrial base in China were gathered. The ΣNPAHs and ΣOPAHs in the air ranged from 0.05 to 2.47 ng/m3 and 0.14-22.72 ng/m3, respectively, and in soil ranged from 0.22 to 17.81 ng/g and 9.69-66.86 ng/g, respectively. Both NPAHs and OPAHs in the atmosphere exhibited higher concentrations during winter. The atmospheric NPAH concentrations decreased exponentially with distance from urban area especially in the summer, revealing the impact of vehicles on the air in the Yellow River Delta area. High NPAH and OPAH concentrations were found only in soil near oil extraction facilities, indicating that the impact of oil extraction is limited to the soil near the extraction facilities. The air-soil exchanges of N/OPAHs were assessed through fugacity fraction analysis, and NPAHs were in the equilibrium-deposition state and OPAHs were in the net-deposition state in the winter. Higher incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) occurred at the urban, industrial, and oilfield sites in the atmospheric samples, and the soil samples had the largest ILCR values in the oilfield sites. However, ILCR values for both air and soil did not exceed the threshold of 10-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Anan Qi
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lingxiao Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Li JN, Zhang Y, Wang JX, Hu J, Lu XM, Xie WX, Zhang ZF, Tang ZH. Methylated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in road dust, green belt soil and parking lot dust: occurrence, spatial distribution and emission sources. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:162. [PMID: 38592579 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Convenient transportation facilities not only bring the higher standard of living to big cities, but also bring some environmental pollution problems. In order to understand the presence and sources of methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Me-PAHs) in environmental samples and their association with total organic carbon (TOC), 49 Me-PAHs were analyzed in road dust, green belt soil and parking lot dust samples in Harbin. The results showed that the ranges of the total Me-PAHs (ΣMe-PAHs) content in road dust were 221-5826 ng/g in autumn and 697-7302 ng/g in spring, and those in green belt soil were 170-2509 ng/g and 155-9215 ng/g in autumn and spring, respectively. And ΣMe-PAHs content in parking lot dust ranged from 269 to 2515 ng/g in surface parking lots and from 778 to 10,052 ng/g in underground parking lots. In these samples, the composition profile of Me-PAHs was dominated by 4-ring Me-PAHs. The results of diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that petrogenic and pyrogenic sources were the main sources of Me-PAHs in the samples. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation for Me-PAHs in road dust and green belt soil on the same road. Furthermore, there was a significant positive relationship (0.12 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.67, P < 0.05) between Me-PAHs concentrations and the TOC content. This study demonstrated the presence of Me-PAHs with high concentrations in the road environment samples of Harbin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Nong Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jie Hu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xi-Mei Lu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wen-Xi Xie
- Qiqihar Environmental Monitoring Station, No. 571, Bukuinan Street, Longsha DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Qiqihar City, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, China.
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Polar Academy, Harbin, 150090, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Zhong-Hua Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Wang M, Luo N, Gao Y, Li G, An T. Pyrene and its derivatives increase lung adverse effects by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor transcription. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170030. [PMID: 38220008 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose significant threat to environment and human health due to their widespread and potential hazards. However, adverse effects and action mechanisms of PAH derivatives on human health have not been attempted yet. Herein, we chose pyrene and its derivatives (1-hydroxypyrene, 1-nitropyrene, and 1-methylpyrene) to investigate adverse effect mechanism to human lungs using in vitro and in vivo methods. Results showed that pyrene derivatives have higher lung health risks than original pyrene. They can activate AhR, subsequently affecting expression of downstream target genes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. The binding energies of pyrene and its derivatives ranged from -16.07 to -27.25 kcal/mol by molecular dynamics simulations, implying that pyrene and its derivatives acted as agonists of AhR and increased adverse effects on lungs. Specifically, 1-nitropyrene exhibited stabler binding conformation and stronger AhR expression. In addition, sensitivity of pyrene and its derivatives to AhR activation was attributed to type and number of key amino acids in AhR, that is, pyrene (Leu293), 1-nitropyrene (Cys333, Met348, and Val381), 1-hydroxypyrene (Leu293 and Phe287), and 1-methylpyrene (Met348). In summary, we provide a universal approach for understanding action mechanisms of PAH derivatives on human health, and their adverse effects should be taken seriously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Na Luo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanpeng Gao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Gong H, Hu J, Rui X, Luo J, Zhu N. Unveiling the occurrence, distribution, removal, and environmental impacts of 65 emerging contaminants in neglected fresh leachate from municipal solid waste incineration plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132355. [PMID: 37651937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are commonly found in environmental media. Yet leachate from municipal solid waste incineration plants (MSWIPs), which can serve as a reservoir for various contaminants, including ECs, has received little investigation. To address this gap, 65 ECs were analyzed in the fresh leachate and biological effluent from three major MSWIPs in Shanghai. Results indicated that over half (56%) of the 65 ECs were detected in fresh leachate. Different ECs would be removed to varying degrees after biological treatment, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (65%), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (51%), phthalate esters (PAEs) (36%), and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) (34%). Notably, for tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a PBDE substitute, only 2% was removed after biological treatment, while polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were effectively removed at 83%. Water solubility and the octanol-water partition coefficient are key factors influencing the distribution and removal of ECs in leachate. the effluent will still contain refractory ECs even after the biological treatment. These residual ECs discharged to sewers can impact wastewater treatment plants or contaminate surface water and groundwater. These findings provide insights into the leachate contamination by ECs, their environmental fate, factors affecting their behavior, and potential environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Gong
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinwen Hu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuan Rui
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinming Luo
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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6
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Liu B, Gao L, Ding L, Lv L, Yu Y. Trophodynamics and bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine food web from Laizhou Bay, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115307. [PMID: 37478788 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Here, we collected 16 species (n = 298) from Laizhou Bay, China to investigate the trophodynamics, bioaccumulation and cancer risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Results demonstrated that naphthalene was the most abundant PAH, followed by phenanthrene and fluorene in the marine organisms. The sum of 16 PAHs concentrations (Ʃ16PAHs) ranked with algae (19,435 ng·g-1 lipid weight, lw) > benthonic animals (6599 ng·g-1 lw) > fish (1760 ng·g-1 lw). Combustion and oil spill are two primary sources, contributing 60.3 % and 39.7 % of Ʃ16PAHs, respectively. High values of log BAF were found for 4-6 rings PAHs. Algae and benthonic animals showed a high ability to accumulate 2-4 rings PAHs and 5-6 rings PAHs, respectively. A biodilution pattern for PAHs was found in the marine food web. The carcinogenic risks of some benthos and fish were higher than 1 × 10-6, threatening resident health by consumption of these seafoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Lei Gao
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Lingjie Ding
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Linyang Lv
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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7
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Li JN, Zhang Y, Wang JX, Xiao H, Nikolaev A, Li YF, Zhang ZF, Tang ZH. Occurrence, Sources, and Health Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Road Environments from Harbin, a Megacity of China. TOXICS 2023; 11:695. [PMID: 37624200 PMCID: PMC10458957 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
To obtain a comprehensive understanding about that occurrence, sources, and effects on human health of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road environmental samples from Harbin, concentrations of 32 PAHs in road dust, green belt soil, and parking lot dust samples were quantified. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 0.95 to 40.7 μg/g and 0.39 to 43.9 μg/g in road dust and green belt soil, respectively, and were dominated by high molecular weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs). Despite the content of PAHs in arterial roads being higher, the composition profile of PAHs was hardly influenced by road types. For parking lot dust, the range of total PAH concentrations was 0.81-190 μg/g, and three-ring to five-ring PAHs produced the maximum contribution. Compared with surface parking lots (mean: 6.12 μg/g), higher total PAH concentrations were detected in underground parking lots (mean: 33.1 μg/g). The diagnostic ratios of PAHs showed that petroleum, petroleum combustion, and biomass/coal combustion were major sources of PAHs in the samples. Furthermore, according to the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk model, the cancer risks of three kinds of samples for adults and children were above the threshold (10-6). Overall, this study demonstrated that PAHs in the road environment of Harbin have a certain health impact on local citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Nong Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.-N.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.-X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.-N.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.-X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.-N.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.-X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;
| | - Anatoly Nikolaev
- Institute of Natural Sciences, North-Eastern Federal University, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia;
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China;
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
- IJRC-PTS-NA, Toronto, ON M2N 6X9, Canada
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China;
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.-N.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.-X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Ning Y, Guo Z, Zhang J, Niu S, He B, Xiao K, Liu A. Characterizing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on road dusts in Shenzhen, China: implications for road stormwater reuse safety. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:4951-4963. [PMID: 37004581 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Urban road stormwater reuse is one of the most effective ways to mitigate water resource shortage. However, due to a diversity of human activities such as traffic, various toxic pollutants can be deposited on road surfaces during dry periods and washed off during wet periods, threatening stormwater reuse safety. Among these pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been widely found in road stormwater. This study selected twelve road sites in Shenzhen, China, and investigated PAHs deposited on urban roads and their influential factors (traffic characteristics, land use and road surface condition). The research outcomes showed that high-molecular-weight PAH species (5-6 benzene rings) had higher concentrations and variability on spatial distributions than light-molecular-weight ones (2-4 benzene rings). Additionally, more PAHs were attached to dusts with small particle sizes (< 150 µm), and among influential factors, commercial land use showed a stronger correlation with PAHs distributions, regardless of particle sizes. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that traffic volume did not have an important influence on PAH generations on roads, while the source tracking results did indicate that traffic activities were the main contributor of PAHs. This implies that other traffic characteristics such as frequent go-and-stop activities might also contribute PAHs on roads. This means that areas with frequent traffic congestions could be the "hot spot" areas of PAHs, although the traffic volume might be not high. These research outcomes can provide useful insight into effective stormwater management and ensuring their reuse safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Ning
- Shenzhen Municipal Engineering Corporation, Shenzhen, 518110, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Shenzhen Municipal Engineering Corporation, Shenzhen, 518110, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantong Zhang
- Shenzhen Municipal Engineering Corporation, Shenzhen, 518110, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangjian Niu
- Shenzhen Municipal Engineering Corporation, Shenzhen, 518110, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - An Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
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Ma T, Kong J, Li W, Cheng X, Zhang Y, Kong D, Yang S, Li S, Zhang L, He H. Inventory, source and health risk assessment of nitrated and parent PAHs in agricultural soils over a rural river in Southeast China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138688. [PMID: 37059199 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) have become a concerning topic because of their widespread occurrence and carcinogenicity. However, studies on NPAHs in soils, especially in agricultural soils, are still limited. In this study, a systematic monitoring campaign of 15 NPAHs and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was performed in agricultural soils from the Taige Canal basin in 2018, which is a typical agricultural activity area of the Yangtze River Delta. The total concentration of NPAHs and PAHs ranged from 14.4 to 85.5 ng g-1 and 118-1108 ng g-1, respectively. Among the target analytes, 1,8-dinitropyrene and fluoranthene were the most predominant congeners accounting for 35.0% of ∑15NPAHs and 17.2% of ∑16PAHs, respectively. Four-ring NPAHs and PAHs were predominant, followed by three-ring NPAHs and PAHs. NPAHs and PAHs had a similar spatial distribution pattern with high concentrations in the northeastern Taige Canal basin. The soil mass inventory of ∑16PAHs and ∑15NPAHs was evaluated to be 31.7 and 2.55 metric tons, respectively. Total organic carbon had a significant impact on the distribution of PAHs in soils. The correlation between PAH congeners in agricultural soils was higher than that between NPAH congeners. Based on diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis-multiple linear regression model, vehicle exhaust emission, coal combustion, and biomass combustion were the predominant sources of these NPAHs and PAHs. According to the lifetime incremental carcinogenic risk model, the health risk posed by NPAHs and PAHs in agricultural soils of the Taige Canal basin was virtually negligible. The total health risk in soils of the Taige Canal basin to adults was slightly higher than that to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environment and Ecology of China, Nanjing, 210042, PR China; School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Jijie Kong
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Weidi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, PR China
| | - Xinying Cheng
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yueqing Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environment and Ecology of China, Nanjing, 210042, PR China
| | - Deyang Kong
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environment and Ecology of China, Nanjing, 210042, PR China.
| | - Shaogui Yang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Limin Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Green Economy Development Institute, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, 354300, PR China.
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10
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Zhang Q, Gao M, Sun X, Wang Y, Yuan C, Sun H. Nationwide distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil of China and the association with bacterial community. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 128:1-11. [PMID: 36801025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has raised great environmental concerns. However, the information on national wide distribution of PAHs in soil as well as their effect on soil bacterial community are limited. In this study, 16 PAHs were measured in 94 soil samples collected across China. The total concentration of 16 PAHs (∑PAHs) in soil ranged from 74.0 to 17,657 ng/g (dry weight basis), with a median value of 200 ng/g. Pyrene was the major soil PAH, with a median concentration of 71.3 ng/g. Soil samples from Northeast China had a higher median concentration of ∑PAHs (1,961 ng/g) than those from other regions. Petroleum emission and wood/grass/coal combustion were potential sources for soil PAHs based on diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factors analysis. A nonnegligible ecological risk (hazard quotients > 1) was found in over 20% of soil samples analyzed and the highest median total HQs value (8.53) was found in soils from Northeast China. The effect of PAHs on bacterial abundance, α-diversity, and β-diversity was limited in the soils surveyed. Nevertheless, the relative abundance of some members in genera Gaiella, Nocardioides, and Clostridium was significantly correlated with the concentrations of some PAHs. Especially, the bacterium Gaiella Occulta showed potential in indicating soil contamination by PAH, which is worth further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Meng Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinhui Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Chaolei Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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11
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Liu B, Yu X, Lv L, Dong W, Chen L, Wu W, Yu Y. A nationwide survey of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in household dust in China: spatial distribution, sources, and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023:10.1007/s10653-023-01563-2. [PMID: 37014533 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As a carrier of toxic substances, household dust has a great impact on human health. Here we collected 73 household dust samples from 27 provinces and 1 municipality in China to investigate the levels, spatial distribution, sources, and carcinogenic risk of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The total concentrations of 14 detected PAHs (∑14 PAHs) ranged from 3.72 to 60,885 ng g-1. High ∑14 PAHs were found in Northeast and Southwest China. High molecular weights (HMW) PAHs (4-6 rings) were predominant PAHs in most dust samples, accounting for 93.6% of ∑14 PAHs. Household fuel, cooking frequency, air conditioning, and smoking were the main factors influencing PAH concentrations in household dust. Principal component analysis model indicated that fossil combustion (81.5%) and biomass combustion and vehicle exhaust (8.1%) are the primary sources of PAHs. Positive matrix factorization model suggested that household cooking and heating contributed about 70% of ∑14 PAHs, and smoking contributed another 30%. The values of benzo[a]pyrene equivalent in rural dust were found to be higher than those in urban dust. The sum of toxic equivalents (TEQs) of 14 PAHs were in range of 0.372-7241 ng g-1, in which 7 HMW PAHs accounted for 98.0 ± 1.98% of the total TEQs. Monte Carlo Simulation showed a low to moderate potential carcinogenic risk of PAHs in household dusts. This study documents comprehensive information on human exposure to PAHs in household dust at a national-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Linyang Lv
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Weihua Dong
- College of Geographic Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Lina Chen
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Wenling Wu
- China Construction Industrial Engineering and Technology Research Academy Co. Ltd., Beijing, 101399, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
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12
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Wu Y, Hu Q, Zeng X, Xu L, Liang Y, Yu Z. Co-occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives in indoor dust from various microenvironments in Guangzhou, China: levels, sources, and potential human health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:57006-57016. [PMID: 36930318 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For decades, the presence and potential health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor dust have been extensively investigated while with limited attention to oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs). In this study, we collected 45 indoor dust from four microenvironments in Guangzhou City, China, and then focused on the co-occurrence of 16 PAHs and 8 OPAHs and their potential carcinogenic risk to humans. The ΣPAHs concentrations, dominated by 4-6 ring PAHs, ranged from 1761 to 14,290 ng/g (mean of 6058 ng/g) without significant difference in the different microenvironments (Tukey, p > 0.05). The OPAHs were observed with concentrations from 250 to 5160 ng/g (mean of 1646 ng/g), and anthraquinone (AQ) was identified as the main OPAHs with significantly high levels in the residential environment than in instrumental rooms. Notably, AQ dominated over the other target analytes in dust in this study. Our results indicated that PAHs and OPAHs in indoor dust were from outdoor environments, which mainly originated from vehicular exhaust and biomass/coal combustion. A potential cancer risk of PAHs and OPAHs to local adults and children was observed via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption, with the main contribution from benzo[a]pyrene and dibenz[a,h]anthracene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qiongpu Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiangying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Liang Xu
- Jiangxi Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences and Planning, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Yi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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13
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Zhang S, Li H, He R, Deng W, Ma S, Zhang X, Li G, An T. Spatial distribution, source identification, and human health risk assessment of PAHs and their derivatives in soils nearby the coke plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160588. [PMID: 36470383 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The coking industry can generate large amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives, which may negatively impact the environment and human health. In this study, soils nearby a typical coking plant were sampled to assess the impact of coke production on the surrounding residential areas and human health. The mean concentration of PAHs and their derivatives in residential area soils nearby the coke plant was 4270 ng/g dw, which was 1 order of magnitude higher than that observed in areas far from the coke plant and approximately 4 times lower than that revealed the coke plant. In addition, the results showed that coking processing area was the most contaminant area of the coke plant (mean: 74.4 μg/g dw), where was also the main source of pollutants in residential areas. In terms of vertical soils in coking plant, the maximum levels of chemicals (mean: 205 μg/g dw) were presented at the leakage of underground pipelines, where were much higher than those in surface soils, and decreased with the increase of depth. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed obvious differences in the concentrations of 6-nitrochrysene between the plant, residential areas and control areas. Meanwhile, 6-nitrochrysene had potential cancer risk (CR) for human in the coking site. Thus, 6-nitrochrysene was the most noteworthy PAH derivatives. Furthermore, the CR (mean: 5.94 × 10-5) and toxic equivalent quantities (TEQs) (mean: 14.8 μg·TEQ/g) of PAHs and their derivatives was assessed in this study. This finding suggested that PAHs and their derivatives especially those extremely toxic chemicals (Nitro-PAHs (NPAHs) and Br/Cl-PAHs (XPAHs)) might pose a potential health risk to residents nearby the coke plant. The current study provides further insights into the pollution characteristics of PAHs and their derivatives in coke plants and potential risks to the workers and surrounding residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hailing Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rujian He
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiqiang Deng
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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14
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Zhang Y, Chen J, Li D, Zhu S, Gao J. Effectiveness evaluation of water-sprinkling in controlling urban fugitive road dust based on TRAKER method: A case study in Baoding, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:735-744. [PMID: 36182178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fugitive road dust (FRD) contributes a great deal to urban rainwater and air pollution and is commonly controlled by water-sprinkling in most Chinese cities. However, there is a lack of information on its effectiveness. We used the Testing Re-entrained Aerosol Kinetic Emissions from Roads (TRAKER) method to monitor different types of roads in Baoding city before and within 1 hr after water-sprinkling and obtained the road dirtiness index (a) and PM concentration in the road environment (TT*), to evaluate the removal efficiency for PM deposited on the road surface (ηa) and the reduction efficiency for the PM concentration in the road environment (ηPM). The results give that the ηa for three types of roads is ranked: branch road (87%--100%) > major arterial road (80%-83%) > minor arterial road (68%-77%), and the ηPM ranked: minor arterial road (70%) > branch road (46%-58%) > major arterial road (37%-53%). The ηa and ηPM varied non-linearly with time and presented a quadratic curve. The average effective control time (ηa> 0) was 62 min on the major and minor arterial roads, and much longer than 1 hr on branch roads. The ηPM values diminished completely by 72 min on average from the end of sprinkling for the three types of roads. Water-sprinkling can remove PM10 particles from the road surface and reduce their concentration in the road environment more thoroughly than PM2.5. Our findings could be helpful for controlling urban FRD emissions more efficiently and precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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15
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Pollution Characteristics, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) of Fine Street Dust during and after COVID-19 Lockdown in Bangladesh. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 period has had a significant impact on both the global environment and daily living. The COVID-19 lockdown may provide an opportunity to enhance environmental quality. This study has evaluated the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the street dust (diameter < 20 µm) of different land use areas in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The maximum (2114 ng g−1) concentration of ∑16 PAHs was found in the industrial area during without lockdown conditions and the minimum (932 ng g−1) concentration was found in the public facilities area during the complete lockdown. Meanwhile, due to the partial lockdown, a maximum of 30% of the ∑16 PAH concentration decreased from the situation of without lockdown in the industrial area. The highest result of 53% of the ∑16 PAH concentration decreased from the situation without lockdown to the complete lockdown in the commercial area. The 4-ring PAHs had the highest contribution, both during and after the lockdown conditions. PAH ratios, correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were applied in order to evaluate the possible sources. Two major origins of PAHs in the street dust were identified as petroleum and petrogenic sources, as well as biomass and coal combustion. Ingestion and dermal pathways were identified as the major exposure routes to PAHs in the dust. The total incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) due to exposure for adults and children ranged from 8.38 × 10−8 to 1.16 × 10−7 and from 5.11 × 10−8 to 1.70 × 10−7, respectively. These values were lower than the baseline value of acceptable risk (10–6), indicating no potential carcinogenic risk. This study found that the COVID-19 lockdown reduced the distribution of PAHs in the different sites of Dhaka city, thus providing a unique opportunity for the remarkable improvement of degraded environmental resources.
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Gao P, Deng F, Chen WS, Zhong YJ, Cai XL, Ma WM, Hu J, Feng SR. Health Risk Assessment of Inhalation Exposure to Airborne Particle-Bound Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban and Suburban Areas of South China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15536. [PMID: 36497610 PMCID: PMC9739065 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulates (PM2.5 and TSP) were collected from outdoor and indoor areas at urban (Haizhu District) and suburban (Huadu District) sites from 2019 to 2020 in Guangzhou. Three nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) in the airborne particulates were identified by a gas chromatograph equipped with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. In the Haizhu District and Huadu District, the nitro-PAH concentrations in PM2.5 and TSP did not show a significant decrease from winter to summer. From 2019 to 2020, the difference in the average concentration of nitro-PAHs in PM2.5 and TSP in Guangzhou was relatively low and had no statistical significance. The diagnostic ratios of 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF)/1-nitropyrene (1-NP) in TSP are less than five, while for 2-NF/1-NP in outdoor PM2.5 in the summer of 2019 and 2020 are more than five, which indicates that nitro-PAHs in the atmospheric PM2.5 in Guangzhou during summer mainly originated from the secondary formation of atmospheric photochemical reactions between parent PAHs and oxidants (·OH, NO3, and O3). 9-Nitroanthracene (9-NT) made the most significant contribution to the total nitro-PAH concentration. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) of nitro-PAHs in PM2.5 and TSP by inhalation exposure indicated low potential health risks in the urban-suburban of Guangzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Institute of Architecture and Engineering, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
| | - Feng Deng
- Institute of Architecture and Engineering, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
| | - Wei-Shan Chen
- Institute of Architecture and Engineering, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
| | - Yi-Jia Zhong
- Institute of Architecture and Engineering, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Cai
- Institute of Architecture and Engineering, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
| | - Wen-Min Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shu-Ran Feng
- School of Business, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hongkong 999077, China
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17
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Liu M, Zhao L, Liu L, Guo W, Yang H, Yu J, Chen S, Li M, Fang Q, Lai X, Yang L, Zhu R, Zhang X. Associations of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and blood pressure with the mediating role of cytokines: A panel study among children. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:74921-74932. [PMID: 35648342 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Little was known regarding the relations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixture with children's blood pressure (BP) and its potential mechanism. We conducted a panel study with up to 3 visits across 3 seasons in 2017-2018 among 103 children aged 4-13 years. Urinary PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) were measured by gas chromatograph-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, and serum cytokines were detected by Bio-Rad 48-Plex Screening Panel. We employed linear mixed-effects models to assess the relations of each urinary OH-PAH with BP, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to evaluate associations of OH-PAHs mixture with BP, and mediation analyses for the role of serum cytokines. We found the consistently positive associations of 1-hydroxynaphthalene and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (9-OHPh) with systolic BP (SBP), 4-OHPh, and 9-OHPh with diastolic BP (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in a dose-responsive manner. For instance, each 1-fold increment of 9-OHPh was related with increase of 0.92% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25%, 1.60%) in SBP, 1.32% (95%CI: 0.25%, 2.39%) in DBP, and 1.15% (95%CI: 0.40%, 1.88%) in MAP. Meanwhile, based on LASSO and WQS regression, OH-PAHs mixture was linked with increased DBP and MAP, to which 9-OHPh and 4-OHPh were the major contributors. Such relationships were modified by passive smoking status and 3-4 times stronger in passive smokers than non-passive smokers. A 1-fold increase in 9-OHPh was associated with an elevation of 3.51% in SBP among passive smokers while that of 0.55% in SBP among non-passive smokers. Furthermore, 4-OHPh and 9-OHPh were related to multiple cytokines elevation, of which platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) mediated 9.99% and 12.57% in 4-OHPh-related DBP and MAP elevation, respectively. Accordingly, urinary OH-PAHs dominated by 9-OHPh and 4-OHPh were dose-responsively associated with elevated BP whereby a mechanism partly involving PDGF among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Public Health, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wenting Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huihua Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefeng Lai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Liangle Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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18
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Yusuf RO, Odediran ET, Adeniran JA, Adesina OA. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in road dusts of a densely populated African city: spatial and seasonal distribution, source, and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:44970-44985. [PMID: 35146606 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18943-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Road dust is a principal source and depository of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in many urban areas of the world. Hence, this study probed the spatial and seasonal pattern, sources, and related cancer health risks of PAHs in the road dusts sampled at ten traffic intersection (TIs) of a model African city. Mixed PAHs sources were ascertained using the diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The results showed fluctuations in mean concentrations from 36.51 to 43.04 µg/g. Three-ring PAHs were the most abundant PAHs with anthracene (Anth) ranging from 6.84 ± 1.99 to 9.26 ± 4.42 µg/g being the predominant pollutant in Ibadan. Benzo(k)Fluoranthene (BkF) which is a pointer of traffic emission was the most dominant among the seven carcinogenic PAHs considered, varying from 2.68 ± 0.43 to 4.59 ± 0.48 µg/g. Seasonal variation results showed that PAH concentrations were 20% higher during dry season than rainy season. The seven sources of PAHs identified by PMF model include the following: diesel vehicle exhausts, gasoline combustion, diesel combustion, coal tar combustion, gasoline vehicle exhausts, coal and wood (biomass) combustion, and emissions from unburnt fossil fuels. Employing the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model, the city's cancer risk of 5.96E-05 for children and 6.60E-05 for adults were more than the satisfactory risk baseline of ILCR ≤ 10-6 and higher in adults than in Children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiu Olasunkanmi Yusuf
- Environmental Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Toluwalope Odediran
- Environmental Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Jamiu Adetayo Adeniran
- Environmental Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Olusola Adedayo Adesina
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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19
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Influence of Source Apportionment of PAHs Occurrence in Aquatic Suspended Particulate Matter at a Typical Post-Industrial City: A Case Study of Freiberger Mulde River. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have received extensive attention because of their widespread presence in various environmental media and their high environmental toxicity. Thus, figuring out the long-term variances of their occurrence and driving force in the environment is helpful for environmental pollution control. This study investigates the concentration levels, spatial variance, and source apportionment of PAHs in suspended particulate matter of Freiberger Mulde river, Germany. Results show that the concentrations of the 16 priority PAHs suggested by USEPA (Σ16PAHs) were in the range of 707.0–17,243.0 μg kg−1 with a mean value of 5258.0 ± 2569.2 μg kg−1 from 2002 to 2016. The relatively high average concentrations of Σ16PAHs were found in the midstream and upstream stations of the given river (7297.5 and 6096.9 μg kg−1 in Halsbrucke and Hilbersdorf, respectively). In addition, the annual average concentration of Σ16PAHs showed an obvious decreasing pattern with time. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor model identified three potential sources: coke ovens (7.6–23.0%), vehicle emissions (35.9–47.7%), and coal and wood combustion (34.5–47.3%). The source intensity variation and wavelet coherence analysis indicated that the use of clean energy played a key role in reducing PAHs pollution levels in suspended sediments. The risk assessment of ecosystem and human health suggested that the Σ16PAHs in the given area posed a non-negligible threat to aquatic organisms and humans. The data provided herein could assist the subsequent management of PAHs in the aquatic environment.
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20
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Men C, Liu R, Wang Y, Cao L, Jiao L, Li L, Shen Z. A four-way model (FEST) for source apportionment: Development, verification, and application. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128009. [PMID: 34923386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In studying the spatial, temporal, and particle size variations heavy metal sources, a source apportionment model for a four-way array of data is required. In this study, referencing two-way and three-way models, a four-way (particle fractions, elements, sites, and time) source apportionment model (FEST) was developed. Errors in the three-way models solving four-way problems verified the necessity of developing the FEST model. The results showed that the FEST model had a higher accuracy than the existing models, which was probably because of more constraints and input data in the FEST model. Based on the sampled data in Beijing, sources were apportioned for the four-way array of data using the FEST model, and the spatial, temporal, and particle size variations of sources were evaluated. The main sources of heavy metals were similar to those in our prior studies, whereas the contributions of sources to specific heavy metals differed. Traffic exhaust and fuel combustion contributed more to fine particles than coarse particles, indicating that the two should be controlled preferentially among all sources. The management of traffic exhaust should be focused on the central and northern areas in each season, and the control of fuel combustion should be strengthened in the southern area in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Men
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Leiping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lijun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
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21
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Liang M, Liang H, Gao P, Rao Z, Liang Y. Characterization and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions by coal fire in northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:933-942. [PMID: 34128154 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coal spontaneous combustion is known to emit a variety of organic carcinogenic pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the most prominent. The Wuda coalfield is a coal fire-prone region in northern China. Coal fire sponges (CFS), a sponge-like contaminated soil protrusion, occur widely in the Suhaitu mining area. PAHs concentrations in CFS were measured via GC × GC-TOFMS. The average total PAHs concentration in the central annulus (A) was 17,416 μg kg-1 and ranged from 292 to 218,251 μg kg-1. Moreover, the study exhibited a heavily contaminated level (1000 μg kg-1). Low molecular weight PAHs were dominant, accounting for more than 50% of the total PAHs. Among them, naphthalene (Nap) and phenanthrene (Phe) were the most prominent, and the correlation between Phe and Nap + Phe was highly significant (R2 > 0.9). Our findings indicated that Nap and Phe contents may constitute a novel indicator to identify coal fire emission sources. Cancer risk calculations indicated that all annulus is already at a potential risk stage (10-6-10-4) for child or adults. CFS is not only a coal fire-associated PAH sink but also an atmospheric PAH emission source and, therefore, warrants the attention of local authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China.
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Handong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhu Rao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yanci Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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22
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Chen Z, Tian Z, Liu X, Sun W. The potential risks and exposure of Qinling giant pandas to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118294. [PMID: 34626712 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and urbanization have created a substantial urban-rural gradient for various pollutants. The Qinling Mountains are highly important in terms of biodiversity, providing habitat for giant pandas, which are endemic to China and are a widely recognized symbol for conservation. Whether polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure risks regarding in situ animal conservation zones are affected by environmental pollution or even enhanced by the mountain-trapping effect requires further research. Our group carried out a large-scale investigation on the area ranging from Xi'an to Hanzhong across the giant panda habitat in the Qinling Mountains by collecting atmosphere, soil, bamboo, and fecal samples from different sites over a two-year period. The total toxicity of atmospheric PAHs and the frequencies of soil PAHs above effect range low (ERL) values showed a decreasing trend from urban areas to the central mountains, suggesting a distance effect from the city. The proportions of total 5- and 6-ring PAHs in the atmosphere were higher in the central mountainous areas than in the urban areas, while this difference was reversed in the soil. Health risk assessments showed that the incremental lifetime carcinogenic risks (ILCR) of PAH exposure by bamboo ingestion ranged from 2.16 × 10-4 to 3.11 × 10-4, above the critical level of 10-4. Bamboo ingestion was the main driver of the PAH exposure risks. The concentration difference between bamboo and fecal samples provided a reference for the level of PAHs absorbed by the panda digestive system. Since the Qinling Mountains possess the highest density of giant pandas and provide habitats to many other endangered animal and plant species, we should not ignore the probability of health risks posed by PAHs. Monitoring the pollution level and reducing the atmospheric emissions of toxic pollutants are recommended actions. Further detailed research should also be implemented on pandas' health effects of contaminant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, And School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhaoxue Tian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, And School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuehua Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, And School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Wanlong Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, And School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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23
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Xu B, Liu F, Alfaro D, Jin Z, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Zhang J. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fine road dust from a coal-utilization city: Spatial distribution, source diagnosis and risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131555. [PMID: 34303048 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coal combustion can release large amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which persist in various environment matrices (e.g., road dust) and hence cause the carcinogenic risk to human health. In this study, an exhaustive characterization of road dust samples coupling their physicochemical characteristics and stable isotope compositions (δ13C and δ15N) was conducted to evaluate the source, level, spatial distribution, and carcinogenic risk of PAHs in a typical coal-utilization city. Concentrations of Σ16 PAHs ranged from 605.5 to 25,374.3 ng/g with a mean concentration of 4083.0 ng/g. Pollution levels of sites around the coal-fired power plant (Zone 1) were significantly higher than those in other zones (p < 0.05). PAH concentration showed significant correlations with both C and N fractions (p < 0.01). Compositions of δ13C and δ15N in road dust coupled to principal component analysis and the partitions and diagnostic ratios of PAHs contributed to associating road dust to several local sources of contamination. Coal combustion and vehicular exhaust were major sources of PAHs around the power plant and urban area. Results of incremental lifetime cancer risk showed 81.5% of all sampling sites suffered potential risk (>10-6) for both adults and children, while children around the power plant suffered the highest risk. Despite the estimation of only potential risk being posed by PAHs in road dust, human exposure to the various environmental matrices, scientific and systematic assessment of carcinogenic risks by PAHs in the total environment warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baile Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - David Alfaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Zhou Jin
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- Anhui Branch of State Electric Power Investment Group Co. Ltd, Hefei, 230093, China
| | - Jiamei Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
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24
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Kniazev K, Pavlovetc IM, Zhang S, Kim J, Stevenson RL, Doudrick K, Kuno M. Using Infrared Photothermal Heterodyne Imaging to Characterize Micro- and Nanoplastics in Complex Environmental Matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15891-15899. [PMID: 34747612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge for addressing micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) in the environment is being able to characterize their chemical properties, morphologies, and quantities in complex matrices. Current techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, provide these broad characterizations but are unsuitable for studying MNPs in spectrally congested or complex chemical environments. Here, we introduce a new, super-resolution infrared absorption technique to characterize MNPs, called infrared photothermal heterodyne imaging (IR-PHI). IR-PHI has a spatial resolution of ∼300 nm and can determine the chemical identity, morphology, and quantity of MNPs in a single analysis with high sensitivity. Specimens are supported on CaF2 coverslips under ambient conditions from where we (1) quantify MNPs from nylon tea bags after steeping in ultrapure water at 25 and 95 °C, (2) identify MNP chemical or morphological changes after steeping at 95 °C, and (3) chemically identify MNPs in sieved road dust. In all cases, no special sample preparation was required. MNPs released from nylon tea bags at 25 °C were fiber-like and had characteristic IR frequencies corresponding to thermally extruded nylon. At 95 °C, degradation of the nylon chemical structure was observed via the disappearance of amide group IR frequencies, indicating chain scission of the nylon backbone. This degradation was also observed through morphological changes, where MNPs altered shape from fiber-like to quasi-spherical. In road dust, IR-PHI analysis reveals the presence of numerous aggregate and single-particle (<3 μm) MNPs composed of rubber and nylon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kniazev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ilia M Pavlovetc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Junyeol Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Robert L Stevenson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kyle Doudrick
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Masaru Kuno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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25
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Wang XT, Fu R, Zhou Y, Wang CL, Ren GF, Wang XL, Li H. Occurrence, source apportionment, and carcinogenic risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban road dusts in Shanghai. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:65621-65632. [PMID: 34322814 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as a class of important environmental pollutants, have received considerable concern due to their widespread existence and biological toxicity. The main purpose of this study was to determine concentrations, spatial distribution, possible sources, and potential health risk of PAHs in urban road dust in Shanghai, China. The concentration of Σ26PAHs ranged from 53.0 to 28,700 ng g-1 in road dust samples from Shanghai, which is at the low to medium level compared with other areas around the world. PAHs with 4-5 rings were predominant components in road dust. The level of PAHs in road dust was significantly higher than those in soil and river sediment in Shanghai. Six possible sources of PAHs were apportioned by PMF model. The contribution of pyrogenic PAHs accounted for 91.3% of the total PAHs in road dusts. The motor vehicular emission, natural gas, and coal combustion were main sources for urban road dust PAHs from Shanghai. Four dibenzopyrene (DBP) isomers were contributed averagely 75% of total TEQBaP concentration. DBalP, BaP, DBaiP, BbF, and DBA were main contributors to total carcinogenic potency, which totally contributed from 69.6 to 91.8% (median 89.1%) to total TEQBaP in urban road dusts of Shanghai. The results of incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk (ILCR) assessment showed that the total risk values exposed to 24 PAHs in road dust were lower than 10-4 at all sampling sites, indicating that exposure to dust-bound PAHs at present level was unlikely to result in high carcinogenic risk for both children and adults in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Tong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Rui Fu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Guo-Fa Ren
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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26
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Besis A, Botsaropoulou E, Balla D, Voutsa D, Samara C. Toxic organic pollutants in Greek house dust: Implications for human exposure and health risk. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131318. [PMID: 34192665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic contaminants often documented in house dust include mainly chemicals released from construction materials and consumer products and compounds emitted from indoor combustion activities. The occurrence of major chemical classes of toxic organic pollutants, included polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs), was for the first time investigated in house dust in Greece. The mean concentrations of ∑16PAHs, ∑20PBDEs, ∑7NPAHs and∑15PCBs in house dust were 4650 ng g-1, 564 ng g-1, 7.52 ng g-1, and 6.29 ng g-1, respectively. Exposure to dust organic contaminants via ingestion, inhalation and dermal absorption was estimated for two age classes (adults and children) and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were assessed. The hazard index (HI) for adults and children for PBDEs, PCBs, PAHs and NPAHs in all samples was less than 1 suggesting a very low level of concern for all human age group due to exposure to those chemicals. Total carcinogenic risk via the three exposure pathways (ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact) was within the safe range of 10-6 to 10-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Besis
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Elisavet Botsaropoulou
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Balla
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Voutsa
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantini Samara
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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27
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Sun J, Yu J, Shen Z, Niu X, Wang D, Wang X, Xu H, Chuang HC, Cao J, Ho KF. Oxidative stress-inducing effects of various urban PM 2.5 road dust on human lung epithelial cells among 10 Chinese megacities. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112680. [PMID: 34418851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 Road dust samples were collected from 10 representative cities in southern and northern China for examination of chemical components and oxidative stress levels in A549 cells. Downtown road dust was abundance of heavy metals, EC and PAHs compared to nondowntown road dust. Source apportionment also revealed the relative higher contribution of vehicle emission to downtown (35.8%) than nondowntown road dust (25.5%). Consequently, downtown road dust induced much higher intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) levels than that from nondowntown (p < 0.05). This study highlights that the ROS-inducing capacity of road dust in China is lower at lower latitudes, which resulted in a significantly higher ROS-inducing capacity of road dust from northern cities than southern ones. Hotspot analysis demonstrated that heavy metals (i.e., Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb) in road dust were the most closely associated with ROS production in A549 cells. Vehicle emission and combustion emission in road dust were identified to be correlated with cellular ROS production. The findings highlight the ROS-inducing effect of PM2.5 road dust and also serve as a reference to make the targeted solutions for urban road dust pollution control, especially from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Diwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Zhang L, Yang L, Bi J, Liu Y, Toriba A, Hayakawa K, Nagao S, Tang N. Characteristics and unique sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 at a highland background site in northwestern China ☆. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:116527. [PMID: 33508715 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs (NPAHs) in PM2.5 were first observed at a background site (Yuzhong site: YZ site) in the northwestern highlands of China in five seasonal campaigns. Compared with major northwestern cities, PAHs and NPAHs at the YZ site were at a lower level but showed consistent seasonal differences. The PAH and NPAH concentrations peaked in the winter campaigns, which were 36.11 ± 6.54 ng/m3 and 418.11 ± 123.55 pg/m3, respectively, in winter campaign 1 and 28.97 ± 10.07 ng/m3 and 226.89 ± 133.54 pg/m3, respectively, in winter campaign 2. These values were approximately a dozen times larger those in other campaigns. The diagnostic ratios indicate that vehicle emissions were the primary source of the PAHs throughout the five campaigns, and coal and biomass combustion also contributed during the winter, summer, and fall campaigns. Among NPAHs, 2-nitrofluoranthene and 2-nitropyrene were generated through OH radical-initiated reactions during atmospheric transport, while 1-nitropyrene came from combustion sources. There is an observation worth pondering, which is that the ratio between pyrene and fluoranthene increased abnormally in the spring and fall campaigns, which is presumably caused by the burning of Tibetan barley straw in the northwestern highlands. The backward trajectories over Tibetan areas in Qinghai and southwestern Gansu are consistent with this hypothesis. In addition, this study reported for the first time that the burning of Tibetan barley straw has become a seasonal contributor to air pollution in northwestern China and is participating in the atmospheric transport of air pollutants driven by the monsoon in East Asia, which urgently requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Lu Yang
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Jianrong Bi
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yuzhi Liu
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Akira Toriba
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Kazuichi Hayakawa
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Seiya Nagao
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Ning Tang
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan; Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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