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Wang X, Chen P, Wang J, Wang Y, Miao Y, Wang X, Li Q, Zhang X, Duan J. Acetolactate Decarboxylase as an Important Regulator of Intracellular Acidification, Morphological Features, and Antagonism Properties in the Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300337. [PMID: 38048544 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
SCORE This study identifies the coding gene (aldB) of acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) as an important regulatory gene of the intracellular pH in Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), uncovering the important role of ALDC in regulating intracellular pH, morphological features, and antagonism properties in the probiotic organism L. reuteri. METHODS AND RESULTS The aldB mutant (ΔaldB) of L. reuteri is established using the homologous recombination method. Compare to the wild-type (WT) strain, the ΔaldB strain shows a smaller body size, grows more slowly, and contains more acid in the cell cytoplasm. The survival rate of the ΔaldB strain is much lower in low pH and simulated gastric fluid (SGF) than that of the WT strain, but higher in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The antagonism test demonstrates the ΔaldB strain can inhibit Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) and Salmonella more effectively than the WT strain. Additionally, there is a dramatic decrease in the adhesion rate of Salmonella to Caco-2 and HT-29 cells in the presence of the ΔaldB strain compared to the WT strain. Simultaneously analyze, the auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), hemolytic, temperature, NaCl, oxidative stress, and antibiotic susceptibility of the ΔaldB strain are consistent with the features of probiotics. CONCLUSION This study highlights that the aldB gene plays a significant role in the growth and antibacterial properties of L. reuteri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yu Miao
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinling Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qiulei Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jinyou Duan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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2
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Abad I, Vignard J, Bouchenot C, Graikini D, Grasa L, Pérez MD, Mirey G, Sánchez L. Dairy By-Products and Lactoferrin Exert Antioxidant and Antigenotoxic Activity on Intestinal and Hepatic Cells. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102073. [PMID: 37238891 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The dairy industry generates a large volume of by-products containing bioactive compounds that may have added value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects of milk-derived products, such as whey, buttermilk, and lactoferrin, in two human cell lines: Caco-2 as an intestinal barrier model and HepG2 as a hepatic cell line. First, the protective effect of dairy samples against the oxidative stress caused by menadione was analyzed. All these dairy fractions significantly reversed the oxidative stress, with the non-washed buttermilk fraction presenting the greatest antioxidant effect for Caco-2 cells and lactoferrin as the best antioxidant for HepG2 cells. At concentrations that did not impact cell viability, we found that the dairy sample with the highest antigenotoxic power against menadione, in both cell lines, was lactoferrin at the lowest concentration. Additionally, dairy by-products maintained their activity in a coculture of Caco-2 and HepG2, mimicking the intestinal-liver axis. This result suggests that the compounds responsible for the antioxidant activity could cross the Caco-2 barrier and reach HepG2 cells on the basal side, exerting their function on them. In conclusion, our results show that dairy by-products have antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities, which would allow revaluing their use in food specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Abad
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julien Vignard
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Bouchenot
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Dimitra Graikini
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Grasa
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Dolores Pérez
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gladys Mirey
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Lourdes Sánchez
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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3
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Fournier E, Leveque M, Ruiz P, Ratel J, Durif C, Chalancon S, Amiard F, Edely M, Bezirard V, Gaultier E, Lamas B, Houdeau E, Lagarde F, Engel E, Etienne-Mesmin L, Blanquet-Diot S, Mercier-Bonin M. Microplastics: What happens in the human digestive tract? First evidences in adults using in vitro gut models. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130010. [PMID: 36182891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the environment and humans are inevitably exposed to them. However, the effects of MPs in the human digestive environment are largely unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of repeated exposure to polyethylene (PE) MPs on the human gut microbiota and intestinal barrier using, under adult conditions, the Mucosal Artificial Colon (M-ARCOL) model, coupled with a co-culture of intestinal epithelial and mucus-secreting cells. The composition of the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota was determined by 16S metabarcoding and microbial activities were characterized by gas, short chain fatty acid, volatolomic and AhR activity analyses. Gut barrier integrity was assessed via intestinal permeability, inflammation and mucin synthesis. First, exposure to PE MPs induced donor-dependent effects. Second, an increase in abundances of potentially harmful pathobionts, Desulfovibrionaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, and a decrease in beneficial bacteria such as Christensenellaceae and Akkermansiaceae were observed. These bacterial shifts were associated with changes in volatile organic compounds profiles, notably characterized by increased indole 3-methyl- production. Finally, no significant impact of PE MPs mediated by changes in gut microbial metabolites was reported on the intestinal barrier. Given these adverse effects of repeated ingestion of PE MPs on the human gut microbiota, studying at-risk populations like infants would be a valuable advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elora Fournier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde Leveque
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Ruiz
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jeremy Ratel
- INRAE, UR QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Claude Durif
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sandrine Chalancon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frederic Amiard
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, F-72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Mathieu Edely
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, F-72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Valerie Bezirard
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Gaultier
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Lamas
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Houdeau
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Lagarde
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, F-72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Erwan Engel
- INRAE, UR QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Muriel Mercier-Bonin
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
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4
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Stalder T, Zaiter T, El-Basset W, Cornu R, Martin H, Diab-Assaf M, Béduneau A. Interaction and toxicity of ingested nanoparticles on the intestinal barrier. Toxicology 2022; 481:153353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Sauvaitre T, Van Landuyt J, Durif C, Roussel C, Sivignon A, Chalancon S, Uriot O, Van Herreweghen F, Van de Wiele T, Etienne-Mesmin L, Blanquet-Diot S. Role of mucus-bacteria interactions in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) H10407 virulence and interplay with human microbiome. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:86. [PMID: 36266277 PMCID: PMC9584927 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucus layer has a dual role in human health constituting a well-known microbial niche that supports gut microbiota maintenance but also acting as a physical barrier against enteric pathogens. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), the major agent responsible for traveler's diarrhea, is able to bind and degrade intestinal mucins, representing an important but understudied virulent trait of the pathogen. Using a set of complementary in vitro approaches simulating the human digestive environment, this study aimed to describe how the mucus microenvironment could shape different aspects of the human ETEC strain H10407 pathophysiology, namely its survival, adhesion, virulence gene expression, interleukin-8 induction and interactions with human fecal microbiota. Using the TNO gastrointestinal model (TIM-1) simulating the physicochemical conditions of the human upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, we reported that mucus secretion and physical surface sustained ETEC survival, probably by helping it to face GI stresses. When integrating the host part in Caco2/HT29-MTX co-culture model, we demonstrated that mucus secreting-cells favored ETEC adhesion and virulence gene expression, but did not impede ETEC Interleukin-8 (IL-8) induction. Furthermore, we proved that mucosal surface did not favor ETEC colonization in a complex gut microbial background simulated in batch fecal experiments. However, the mucus-specific microbiota was widely modified upon the ETEC challenge suggesting its role in the pathogen infectious cycle. Using multi-targeted in vitro approaches, this study supports the major role played by mucus in ETEC pathophysiology, opening avenues in the design of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sauvaitre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé (MEDIS), CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Josefien Van Landuyt
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Durif
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé (MEDIS), CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Charlène Roussel
- Université Laval, Nutrition and Functional Foods Institute (INAF), 2440 Bd Hochelaga Suite 1710, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Adeline Sivignon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 1071 Inserm, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sandrine Chalancon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé (MEDIS), CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ophélie Uriot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé (MEDIS), CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Van Herreweghen
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé (MEDIS), CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé (MEDIS), CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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6
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Lovrić J, Najafinobar N, Kurczy ME, De Castro O, Biesemeier A, von Sydow L, Klarqvist M, Wirtz T, Malmberg P. Correlative High-Resolution Imaging of Iron Uptake in Lung Macrophages. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12798-12806. [PMID: 36070604 PMCID: PMC9494303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Detection of iron at the subcellular level in order to
gain insights
into its transport, storage, and therapeutic prospects to prevent
cytotoxic effects of excessive iron accumulation is still a challenge.
Nanoscale magnetic sector secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is
an excellent candidate for subcellular mapping of elements in cells
since it provides high secondary ion collection efficiency and transmission,
coupled with high-lateral-resolution capabilities enabled by nanoscale
primary ion beams. In this study, we developed correlative methodologies
that implement SIMS high-resolution imaging technologies to study
accumulation and determine subcellular localization of iron in alveolar
macrophages. We employed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and
backscattered electron (BSE) microscopy to obtain structural information
and high-resolution analytical tools, NanoSIMS and helium ion microscopy-SIMS
(HIM-SIMS) to trace the chemical signature of iron. Chemical information
from NanoSIMS was correlated with TEM data, while high-spatial-resolution
ion maps from HIM-SIMS analysis were correlated with BSE structural
information of the cell. NanoSIMS revealed that iron is accumulating
within mitochondria, and both NanoSIMS and HIM-SIMS showed accumulation
of iron in electrolucent compartments such as vacuoles, lysosomes,
and lipid droplets. This study provides insights into iron metabolism
at the subcellular level and has future potential in finding therapeutics
to reduce the cytotoxic effects of excessive iron loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Lovrić
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Neda Najafinobar
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael E Kurczy
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olivier De Castro
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics (AINA), MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Antje Biesemeier
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics (AINA), MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Lena von Sydow
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Klarqvist
- Early Product Development, Pharm Sci, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, SE-431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tom Wirtz
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics (AINA), MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Per Malmberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Boger KD, Sheridan AE, Ziegler AL, Blikslager AT. Mechanisms and modeling of wound repair in the intestinal epithelium. Tissue Barriers 2022; 11:2087454. [PMID: 35695206 PMCID: PMC10161961 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2087454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial barrier is susceptible to injury from insults, such as ischemia or infectious disease. The epithelium's ability to repair wounded regions is critical to maintaining barrier integrity. Mechanisms of intestinal epithelial repair can be studied with models that recapitulate the in vivo environment. This review focuses on in vitro injury models and intestinal cell lines utilized in such systems. The formation of artificial wounds in a controlled environment allows for the exploration of reparative physiology in cell lines modeling diverse aspects of intestinal physiology. Specifically, the use of intestinal cell lines, IPEC-J2, Caco-2, T-84, HT-29, and IEC-6, to model intestinal epithelium is discussed. Understanding the unique systems available for creating intestinal injury and the differences in monolayers used for in vitro work is essential for designing studies that properly capture relevant physiology for the study of intestinal wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey D Boger
- Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ana E Sheridan
- Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Amanda L Ziegler
- Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Anthony T Blikslager
- Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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8
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Sauvaitre T, Van Herreweghen F, Delbaere K, Durif C, Van Landuyt J, Fadhlaoui K, Huille S, Chaucheyras-Durand F, Etienne-Mesmin L, Blanquet-Diot S, Van de Wiele T. Lentils and Yeast Fibers: A New Strategy to Mitigate Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Strain H10407 Virulence? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102146. [PMID: 35631287 PMCID: PMC9144138 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibers exhibit well-known beneficial effects on human health, but their anti-infectious properties against enteric pathogens have been poorly investigated. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major food-borne pathogen that causes acute traveler’s diarrhea. Its virulence traits mainly rely on adhesion to an epithelial surface, mucus degradation, and the secretion of two enterotoxins associated with intestinal inflammation. With the increasing burden of antibiotic resistance worldwide, there is an imperious need to develop novel alternative strategies to control ETEC infections. This study aimed to investigate, using complementary in vitro approaches, the inhibitory potential of two dietary-fiber-containing products (a lentil extract and yeast cell walls) against the human ETEC reference strain H10407. We showed that the lentil extract decreased toxin production in a dose-dependent manner, reduced pro-inflammatory interleukin-8 production, and modulated mucus-related gene induction in ETEC-infected mucus-secreting intestinal cells. We also report that the yeast product reduced ETEC adhesion to mucin and Caco-2/HT29-MTX cells. Both fiber-containing products strengthened intestinal barrier function and modulated toxin-related gene expression. In a complex human gut microbial background, both products did not elicit a significant effect on ETEC colonization. These pioneering data demonstrate the promising role of dietary fibers in controlling different stages of the ETEC infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sauvaitre
- UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (F.C.-D.); (L.E.-M.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.V.H.); (K.D.); (J.V.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
| | - Florence Van Herreweghen
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.V.H.); (K.D.); (J.V.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
| | - Karen Delbaere
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.V.H.); (K.D.); (J.V.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
| | - Claude Durif
- UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (F.C.-D.); (L.E.-M.)
| | - Josefien Van Landuyt
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.V.H.); (K.D.); (J.V.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
| | - Khaled Fadhlaoui
- UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (F.C.-D.); (L.E.-M.)
| | | | - Frédérique Chaucheyras-Durand
- UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (F.C.-D.); (L.E.-M.)
- Lallemand SAS, 19 Rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, CEDEX, F-31702 Blagnac, France
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (F.C.-D.); (L.E.-M.)
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (F.C.-D.); (L.E.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-73-17-83-90
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.V.H.); (K.D.); (J.V.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
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9
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Zaiter T, Cornu R, Millot N, Herbst M, Pellequer Y, Moarbess G, Martin H, Diab-Assaf M, Béduneau A. Size effect and mucus role on the intestinal toxicity of the E551 food additive and engineered silica nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:165-182. [PMID: 35579945 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2063084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The E551 food additive is composed of synthetic amorphous silica particles. The current regulation does not mention any specifications regarding their size and granulometric distribution, thus allowing the presence of silica nanoparticles despite their potential toxicity. The digestion process could modify their physicochemical properties and then influence their toxicological profile. After physicochemical characterization, subacute toxicity of engineered silica nanoparticles from 20 to 200 nm, native and digested E551 additives were evaluated from in vitro models of the intestinal barrier. Single cultures and a co-culture of enterocytes and mucus-secreting cells were established to investigate the mucus role. Toxicological endpoints including cytotoxicity, ROS production, intestinal permeability increase, and actin filament disruption were addressed after a 7-day exposure. The results showed a size-dependent effect of silica nanoparticles on cytotoxicity and intestinal permeability. A time-dependent disruption of actin filaments was observed in Caco-2 cells. The mucus layer spread on the HT29-MTX single culture acted as an efficient protective barrier while in the co-culture, small nanoparticles were able to cross it to reach the cells. From a hydrodynamic diameter of 70 nm, nanoparticles were not internalized in the intestinal cells, even in mucus-free models. Digestion did not affect the physicochemical properties of the additive. Due to a mean hydrodynamic diameter close to 200 nm, both native and digested E551 additives did not induce any toxic effect in intestinal barrier models. This study emphasized a cutoff size of 70 nm from which the interactions of the E551 additive with intestinal cells would be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghrid Zaiter
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Raphaël Cornu
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Nadine Millot
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303, CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Michaële Herbst
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303, CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Yann Pellequer
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Georges Moarbess
- EDST, Pharmacology and Cancerology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hélène Martin
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- EDST, Pharmacology and Cancerology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Arnaud Béduneau
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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10
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An insight into the effect of food nanoparticles on the metabolism of intestinal cells. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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De Castro O, Biesemeier A, Serralta E, Bouton O, Barrahma R, Hoang QH, Cambier S, Taubitz T, Klingner N, Hlawacek G, Pinto SD, Gnauck P, Lucas F, Bebeacua C, Wirtz T. npSCOPE: A New Multimodal Instrument for In Situ Correlative Analysis of Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14417-14424. [PMID: 34670088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, nanoparticles have become a key element in a number of scientific and technological fields, spanning from materials science to life sciences. The characterization of nanoparticles or samples containing nanoparticles, in terms of morphology, chemical composition, and other parameters, typically involves investigations with various analytical tools, requiring complex workflows and extending the duration of such studies to several days or even weeks. Here, we report on the development of a new unique in situ correlative instrument, allowing us to answer questions about the shape, size, size distribution, and chemical composition of the nanoparticles using a single probe. Combining various microscopic and analytical capabilities in one single instrument allows a considerable increase in flexibility and a reduction in the duration of such complex investigations. The new instrument is based on focused ion beam microscopy technology using a gas field ion source as a key enabler and combining it with specifically developed secondary ion mass spectrometry and scanning transmission ion microscopy technology. We will present the underlying concept, the instrument and its main components, and proof-of-concept studies performed on this novel instrument. For this purpose, different pure titanium dioxide nanoparticle samples were investigated. Furthermore, the distribution and localization of the nanoparticles in biological model systems were studied. Our results demonstrate the performance and usefulness of the instrument for nanoparticle investigations, paving the way for a number of future applications, in particular, nanotoxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier De Castro
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics (AINA), MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Antje Biesemeier
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics (AINA), MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Eduardo Serralta
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Olivier Bouton
- Prototyping, MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Rachid Barrahma
- Prototyping, MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Quang H Hoang
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics (AINA), MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sebastien Cambier
- Environmental Health, ERIN Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Tatjana Taubitz
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics (AINA), MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Nico Klingner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gregor Hlawacek
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Serge Duarte Pinto
- Photonis Netherlands B.V., Dwazziewegen 2, 9301 ZR Roden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Gnauck
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, ZEISS Group, Rudolf-Eber-Straße 2, D-73447 Oberkochen, Germany
| | - Falk Lucas
- ETH Zurich, ScopeM, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Tom Wirtz
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics (AINA), MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Audinot JN, Philipp P, De Castro O, Biesemeier A, Hoang QH, Wirtz T. Highest resolution chemical imaging based on secondary ion mass spectrometry performed on the helium ion microscope. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2021; 84:105901. [PMID: 34404033 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac1e32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper is a review on the combination between Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), which is a recently developed technique that is of particular relevance in the context of the quest for high-resolution high-sensitivity nano-analytical solutions. We start by giving an overview on the HIM-SIMS concept and the underlying fundamental principles of both HIM and SIMS. We then present and discuss instrumental aspects of the HIM and SIMS techniques, highlighting the advantage of the integrated HIM-SIMS instrument. We give an overview on the performance characteristics of the HIM-SIMS technique, which is capable of producing elemental SIMS maps with lateral resolution below 20 nm, approaching the physical resolution limits, while maintaining a sub-nanometric resolution in the secondary electron microscopy mode. In addition, we showcase different strategies and methods allowing to take profit of both capabilities of the HIM-SIMS instrument (high-resolution imaging using secondary electrons and mass filtered secondary sons) in a correlative approach. Since its development HIM-SIMS has been successfully applied to a large variety of scientific and technological topics. Here, we will present and summarise recent applications of nanoscale imaging in materials research, life sciences and geology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Nicolas Audinot
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics (AINA), MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick Philipp
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics (AINA), MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Olivier De Castro
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics (AINA), MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Antje Biesemeier
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics (AINA), MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Quang Hung Hoang
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics (AINA), MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Tom Wirtz
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics (AINA), MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Sauvaitre T, Durif C, Sivignon A, Chalancon S, Van de Wiele T, Etienne-Mesmin L, Blanquet-Diot S. In Vitro Evaluation of Dietary Fiber Anti-Infectious Properties against Food-Borne Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093188. [PMID: 34579065 PMCID: PMC8471546 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibers have well-known beneficial effects on human health, but their anti-infectious properties against human enteric pathogens have been poorly investigated. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the main agent of travelers’ diarrhea, against which targeted preventive strategies are currently lacking. ETEC pathogenesis relies on multiple virulence factors allowing interactions with the intestinal mucosal layer and toxins triggering the onset of diarrheal symptoms. Here, we used complementary in vitro assays to study the antagonistic properties of eight fiber-containing products from cereals, legumes or microbes against the prototypical human ETEC strain H10407. Inhibitory effects of these products on the pathogen were tested through growth, toxin production and mucus/cell adhesion inhibition assays. None of the tested compounds inhibited ETEC strain H10407 growth, while lentil extract was able to decrease heat labile toxin (LT) concentration in culture media. Lentil extract and specific yeast cell walls also interfered with ETEC strain H10407 adhesion to mucin beads and human intestinal cells. These results constitute a first step in the use of dietary fibers as a nutritional strategy to prevent ETEC infection. Further work will be dedicated to the study of fiber/ETEC interactions within a complex gut microbial background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sauvaitre
- UMR 454 UCA-INRAE Microbiologie Environnement DIgestif et Santé (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (S.C.); (L.E.-M.)
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Claude Durif
- UMR 454 UCA-INRAE Microbiologie Environnement DIgestif et Santé (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (S.C.); (L.E.-M.)
| | - Adeline Sivignon
- UMR 1071 UCA Inserm USC-INRAE 2018 Microbes Intestin Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Sandrine Chalancon
- UMR 454 UCA-INRAE Microbiologie Environnement DIgestif et Santé (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (S.C.); (L.E.-M.)
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- UMR 454 UCA-INRAE Microbiologie Environnement DIgestif et Santé (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (S.C.); (L.E.-M.)
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- UMR 454 UCA-INRAE Microbiologie Environnement DIgestif et Santé (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (S.C.); (L.E.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-473-178-390
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14
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Taboada-López MV, Leal-Martínez BH, Domínguez-González R, Bermejo-Barrera P, Taboada-Antelo P, Moreda-Piñeiro A. Caco-2 in vitro model of human gastrointestinal tract for studying the absorption of titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles from seafood. Talanta 2021; 233:122494. [PMID: 34215112 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are widely used in industry as a white pigment (paints, paper industry and toothpastes), photocatalysts (environmental decontamination and photovoltaic cells), inorganic UV filter (sunscreens and personal care products) and as a food additive (E171) and antimicrobial food packaging material. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are used in photonics, microelectronics, catalysis and medicine due to their catalytic activity, magnetic and optical polarizability, electrical and thermal conductivities and enhanced Raman scattering. They also have antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities, as well as anti-inflammatory potential. The huge increase in the use of nano-based products, mainly metallic NPs, implies the presence of nanomaterials in the environment, and hence, the unintentional human ingestion through water or foods (gastrointestinal tract is the main pathway of NPs intake in humans). The presence of TiO2 NPs and Ag NPs in seafood samples was firstly established using an ultrasound assisted enzymatic hydrolysis procedure and sp-ICP-MS analysis. Several clams, cockles, mussels, razor clams, oysters and variegated scallops, which contain TiO2 NPs and Ag NPs, were subjected to an in vitro digestion process simulating human gastrointestinal digestion in the stomach and in the small and large intestine to determine the bioaccessibility of these NPs. Caco-2 cells were selected as model of human intestinal epithelium for transport studies because of the development of membrane transporters that are responsible for the uptake of chemicals. Parameters as transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability of Lucifer Yellow were studied for establishing cell monolayer integrity. TiO2 NPs and Ag NPs transport as well as total Ti and Ag concentrations passing through the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier model (0-2 h) were assessed by sp-ICP-MS and ICP-MS in several molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Vanesa Taboada-López
- Trace Elements, Spectroscopy and Speciation Group (GETEE), Strategic Grouping in Materials (AEMAT), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida Das Ciencias, S/n. E15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Baltazar Hiram Leal-Martínez
- Colloids and Polymer Physics Group, Strategic Grouping in Materials (AEMAT), Department of Particle Physics, Faculty of Physics, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Xosé María Suárez Núñez, S/n. E15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Domínguez-González
- Trace Elements, Spectroscopy and Speciation Group (GETEE), Strategic Grouping in Materials (AEMAT), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida Das Ciencias, S/n. E15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pilar Bermejo-Barrera
- Trace Elements, Spectroscopy and Speciation Group (GETEE), Strategic Grouping in Materials (AEMAT), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida Das Ciencias, S/n. E15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo Taboada-Antelo
- Colloids and Polymer Physics Group, Strategic Grouping in Materials (AEMAT), Department of Particle Physics, Faculty of Physics, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Xosé María Suárez Núñez, S/n. E15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Moreda-Piñeiro
- Trace Elements, Spectroscopy and Speciation Group (GETEE), Strategic Grouping in Materials (AEMAT), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida Das Ciencias, S/n. E15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Liu L, Tian C, Dong B, Xia M, Cai Y, Hu R, Chu X. Models to evaluate the barrier properties of mucus during drug diffusion. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120415. [PMID: 33647411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucus is widely disseminated in the nasal cavity, oral cavity, respiratory tract, eyes, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive tract to prevent the invasion of pathogenic bacteria and toxins. The mucus layer through its continuous secretion can prevent the passage of macromolecular substances such as pathogenic bacteria and toxins, thereby reducing the occurrence of inflammation. Without a doubt, mucus also hinders oral absorption. The physiological and biochemical properties of intestinal mucus and the different types of mucus barrier models need to be predominated. To find ways to increase the bioavailability of drugs in the future, this article summarizes mucus composition, barrier properties, mucus models, and mucoadhesive/mucopenetrating particles to highlight the information they can afford. Collectively, the review seeks to provide a state-of-the-art roadmap for researchers who must contend with this critical barrier to drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Chunling Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Baoqi Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Mengqiu Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Ye Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Rongfeng Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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