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Pamuru ST, Morash J, Lea-Cox JD, Ristvey AG, Davis AP, Aydilek AH. Nutrient transport, shear strength and hydraulic characteristics of topsoils amended with mulch, compost and biosolids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170649. [PMID: 38331290 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbance of soils can disrupt soil structure, diminish fertility, alter soil chemical properties, and cause erosion. Current remediation practices involve amending degraded urban topsoils lacking in organic matter and nutrition with organic amendments (OA) to enhance vegetative growth. However, the impact of OAs on water quality and structural properties at rates that meet common topsoil organic matter specifications need to be studied and understood. This study tested three commonly available OAs: shredded wood mulch, leaf-based compost, and class A Exceptional Quality stabilized sewage sludge (or biosolids) for nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) water quality, soil shear strength, and hydraulic properties, through two greenhouse tub studies. Findings showed that nitrogen losses to leachate were greater in the biosolids amended topsoils compared to leaf-compost, mulch amended topsoils, and control treatments. Steady-state mean total nitrogen (N) concentrations from biosolids treatment exceeded typical highway stormwater concentrations by at least 25 times. Soil total N content combined with the carbon:nitrogen ratio were identified to be the governing properties of N leaching in soils. Study soils, irrespective of the type of amendment, reduced the applied (tap) water phosphorus (P) concentration of ∼0.3 mg-P/L throughout the experiment. Contrary to the effects on N leaching, P was successfully retained by the biosolids amendment, due to the presence of greater active iron contents. A breakthrough mechanism for P was observed in leaf compost amended soil, where the effluent concentrations of P continued to increase with each rainfall application, possibly due to an saturation of soil adsorption sites. The addition of OAs also improved the strength and hydraulic properties of soils. The effective interlocking mechanisms between the soil and OA surfaces could provide soil its required strength and stability, particularly on slopes. OAs also improved soil fertility to promote turf growth. Presence of vegetative root zones can further reinforce the soil and control erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Thejaswini Pamuru
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Jennifer Morash
- Dept. of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - John D Lea-Cox
- Dept. of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Andrew G Ristvey
- University of Maryland Extension, Wye Research and Education Center, Queenstown, MD 21658, USA.
| | - Allen P Davis
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Ahmet H Aydilek
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Jalali M, Paripour M. Leaching and fractionation of phosphorus in intensive greenhouse vegetable production soils. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1492. [PMID: 37980289 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse vegetable production systems use excessive phosphorus (P) fertilizer. This study is set out to look into the P fractionation, mobility, and risk of P leaching in ten greenhouse soils. The mean P concentrations in leachates varied from 0.4 to 1.6 mg l-1 (mean of 30 days of soil leaching). Between 5.7 and 31.0 mg kg-1 of P was leached from soils during 30 days of column leaching. Organic matter (OM) and Olsen-extractable P (Olsen P) correlated strongly with cumulative P leached after 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days of leaching. The high correlation between OM and Olsen P with cumulative P leached at 5 days of leaching suggests that in future leaching experiments, the leaching period should be extended to 5 days of leaching. The first two P fractions correlated significantly with the total P leached in the primary days of leaching. The pH had little effect on P leaching but had a significant impact on soluble and exchangeable P fraction, suggesting that P mobility would increase in these calcareous greenhouse vegetable soils as pH rose. The calculated change point (194 mg kg-1) was high, indicating that a high percentage (40%) of the studied greenhouse soils had exceeded the change point. In conclusion, due to the high degree of P saturation and change point in greenhouse vegetable soils, P mobilization is a significant risk, and the findings can be used to provide future direction for fertilizing greenhouse vegetable soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Jalali
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Mahdis Paripour
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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Anthonio CK, Jing H, Jin C, Khan MN, Jiangxue D, Garba HN, Dongchu L, Guangrong L, Shujun L, Lisheng L, Huimin Z. Impact of long-term fertilization on phosphorus fractions and manganese oxide with their interactions in paddy soil aggregates. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 333:117440. [PMID: 36758407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One under-studied microelement, manganese (Mn), due to its potential to considerably interact, and limit labile, and moderately-labile soil phosphorus (P) pools, was studied in Nanchang (NC), and Qiyang (QY) under paddy conditions. The Hedley's P sequential fractionation procedure was utilized to extract, and quantify various P fractions at both surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (20-40 cm) layers. Unfertilized control (CK), nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK), and NPK amended with animal manure (NPKM) were used as treatments. From both sites, the manure amended fertilizer (NPKM) compared to chemical NPK formed higher proportions of macro-aggregates (>2 and 2-0.25 mm) in both layers. Total P (TP) values of 842.1 (>2 mm), and 744.4 mg kg-1 (2-0.25 mm) from NC, and QY, respectively were accumulated by NPKM compared to NPK, and CK. Total P values of 806.4, and 350.4 mg kg-1 in the >2 mm aggregate size, respectively for NC, and QY were observed in the subsurface layer. Inorganic moderately labile P (NaOH-Pi) was the dominant fraction under all fertilizer treatments. Concentrations of 232.3 (<0.053 mm), and 202.1 mg kg-1 (0.25-0.053 mm) of NaOH-Pi were accumulated by NPKM, respectively for NC, and QY in the surface layer. In the subsurface layer, concentrations of NaOH-Pi (217.5 mg kg-1; <0.053 mm) from NC, and residual-P (57.3 mg kg-1; >2 mm) from QY were accumulated by NPKM. Similarly, NPKM in contrast to NPK contributed higher Mehlich-3 manganese (M3-Mn) oxide in all aggregate sizes from both sites. Generally, macro-aggregates contributed higher TP, fractions of P, and M3-Mn oxide than micro-aggregates. There was a positive relationship between P pools and M3-Mn oxide at both sites. Additions of animal manure were associated with increased P fractions, and Mn oxides in the paddy soil aggregates, which raises environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kofi Anthonio
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Oil Palm Research Institute-Coconut Programme, P. O. Box 245, Sekondi, Ghana
| | - Huang Jing
- National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-ecology System, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiyang, Hunan, 426182, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environmental Institute Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Muhammad Numan Khan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Du Jiangxue
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hayatu Nafiu Garba
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, 2346, Nigeria
| | - Li Dongchu
- National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-ecology System, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiyang, Hunan, 426182, China
| | - Liu Guangrong
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environmental Institute Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Liu Shujun
- National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-ecology System, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiyang, Hunan, 426182, China
| | - Liu Lisheng
- National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-ecology System, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiyang, Hunan, 426182, China
| | - Zhang Huimin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-ecology System, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiyang, Hunan, 426182, China.
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de Waal J, Miller J, van Niekerk A. The impact of agricultural transformation on water quality in a data-scarce, dryland landscape-a case study in the Bot River, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:177. [PMID: 36471015 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of natural vegetation to cultivated fields has resulted in marked increases in water quality degradation and nutrient loading of rivers globally. In many developing countries, monitoring and evaluating the impacts of agriculture on water quality are limited by financial constraints and focus is given to large water bodies. This paper presents and discusses the results of a year-long monitoring of a typical river system in an agricultural setting, namely the Bot River, Western Cape, South Africa. Results show seasonal increases in N concentrations and SRP driven by surrounding agricultural activities. Water chemistry and changes to nutrient loads were found to be site specific, which demonstrates that monitoring programmes focussing on one or two sites are not representative of the entire catchment. Monitoring and reporting of small river systems are thus un(der)-represented in large databases such as the UN Global Environment Monitoring System for Freshwater (GEMS/Water) programme. The results highlight the importance of selecting appropriate and representative monitoring sites for these rivers when budgetary constraints limit the number of points that can be monitored sustainably. The findings should also be applicable to similar catchments in the Western Cape and beyond as they demonstrate the magnitude of seasonal nutrient fluxes in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Waal
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Jodie Miller
- Department of Earth Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Adriaan van Niekerk
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Peng Y, Zhang T, Tang B, Li X, Cui S, Guan CY, Zhang B, Chen Q. Interception of fertile soil phosphorus leaching with immobilization materials: Recent progresses, opportunities and challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136337. [PMID: 36084834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The non-point source pollution induced by phosphorus (P) leaching from fertile soils is accelerating the eutrophication phenomena in aqueous ecosystems. Herein, to alleviate and intercept the P leaching from the fertile soils, diverse P immobilization materials (PIM) which can transform labile P into stable P via a range of physicochemical and biological interactions have been adopted and received increasing research interest. However, the remediation mechanisms of different PIMs were complex and vary with soil properties and PIM application methods. In this review, the P fraction and mobility characteristics of different fertile soils were first introduced. Then, three kinds of PIM including inorganic materials (e.g., clay minerals and red mud), organic materials (e.g., polyacrylamide), and composites (e.g., modified biochar) applied in soil P leaching interception were concluded. The key factors (i.e., soil pH, soil texture, organic matter content and variable soil moisture) influencing PIM performance and potential PIMs used for reducing soil P leaching were also introduced. Current review can favor for proposing more suitable and insightful strategies to regulate the fertile soil P and achieve the dual goals of improving the crop land quality and yield, and preventing agricultural non-point source pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Peng
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 523758, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bingbing Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 523758, China
| | - Shihao Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chung-Yu Guan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National ILan University, Yilan 260, Taiwan
| | - Baige Zhang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Ngo HTT, Watts-Williams SJ, Panagaris A, Baird R, McLaughlin MJ, Cavagnaro TR. Development of an organomineral fertiliser formulation that improves tomato growth and sustains arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:151977. [PMID: 34838906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Achieving sustainable agricultural development requires the efficient use of nutrient resources for crop production. Recovering nutrients from animal manures may play a key role in achieving this. Animal manures typically have low nutrient concentrations, and in ratios that are often not ideal for balanced crop nutrition. Here, combinations of organic and inorganic phosphorus (P) were formulated as granular products (organomineral fertilisers) with granule size suitable for transport and spreading. The fertilisers were produced by granulating powdered chicken litter with MAP and urea powders making the following formulations: 0:4, 1:3, 2:2, 3:1, 4:0. The kinetics of NH4+-N and P release from the fertilisers, and the effects on tomato growth and nutrition, as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal formation in roots following fertiliser application, were determined. Cumulative NH4+-N release ceased within 12 h, and was lower in the formulations with higher proportions of chicken litter. The cumulative P released reached approximately 80% of total P in all formulations, and the time to obtain maximum P dissolution was 19 days in the formulation that contained only chicken litter. The organomineral fertilisers increased tomato shoot growth by 15-28% compared to the chicken litter only, MAP only and MAP/urea formulations. Reasonable levels of mycorrhizal colonisation of tomato roots was achieved with the organomineral fertilisers. The results demonstrated that optimum plant growth does not depend solely on immediately available P, and that timing of nutrient supply to match plant demand is important. The combination of chicken litter with MAP sustained nutrient supply and improved plant growth. Taken together, organomineral fertiliser formulations are potential alternatives to inorganic P fertilisers that can improve crop growth and nutrition, while provide a sustainable use for animal production wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hue T T Ngo
- The Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia; Research Institute for Forest Ecology and Environment, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Duc Thang, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Stephanie J Watts-Williams
- The Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Ashleigh Panagaris
- Fertiliser Technology Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Roslyn Baird
- Fertiliser Technology Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Michael J McLaughlin
- The Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia; Fertiliser Technology Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Timothy R Cavagnaro
- The Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
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Ren D, Engel B, Mercado JAV, Guo T, Liu Y, Huang G. Modeling and assessing water and nutrient balances in a tile-drained agricultural watershed in the U.S. Corn Belt. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 210:117976. [PMID: 34953214 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the key processes and primary sources of water and nutrient losses is essential for water quantity and quality management in watersheds. This is especially true in the U.S. Corn Belt, which has been recognized as the primary region contributing nutrient loads to the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico. A SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model simulation was set up in an agricultural watershed with about 50% tile drainage area in the U.S. Corn Belt to study the water and nutrient balance components for the whole watershed and the corn-soybean rotation system. The SWAT model was improved to consider additional nitrogen and phosphorus loss paths from the soil. The model was comprehensively calibrated and validated for simulating monthly stream flow, total suspended solids (TSS), nutrient loads (including total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrate and nitrite nitrogen (NOx-N), total phosphorus (TP) and orthophosphate phosphorus (orthoP)), actual evapotranspiration (ETa), leaf area index (LAI) and annual crop yields in the watershed from 2011 to 2019. Results showed the model performance was very good for simulating the stream flow, TSS and ETa, and acceptable for nutrient loads, LAI and crop yields. ETa, surface runoff, lateral soil flow, tile drainage and percolation respectively accounted for 65%, 15%, 2%, 8% and 9% of the precipitation. Fertilizer was the main source of nitrogen and phosphorus input to the watershed, and harvested crops were the main paths removing nutrients. Surface runoff, tile drainage and percolation each contributed about 30% of total nitrogen losses to water, with surface runoff being dominated by organic nitrogen while tile drainage and percolation were dominated by nitrate nitrogen. Phosphorus losses were mainly through surface runoff, which resulted in 66% of the total losses and was dominated by organic phosphorus and soluble phosphorus. Representing about 49% of the watershed area, the corn-soybean rotation system contributed 83% and 88% of the total nitrogen and phosphorus inputs, respectively, to the watershed, as well as 64% and 46% of the nitrogen and phosphorus losses to the water system, respectively. The non-growing season (October to the next April) was identified as the critical period resulting in water and nutrient losses due to low evapotranspiration and plant uptake. Targeted management strategies for reducing nutrient loads in key hydrological paths were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Ren
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America; Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Bernard Engel
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Johann Alexander Vera Mercado
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Tian Guo
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Yaoze Liu
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America
| | - Guanhua Huang
- Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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Gao XL, Li X, Zhao L, Kuzyakov Y. Shrubs magnify soil phosphorus depletion in Tibetan meadows: Conclusions from C:N:P stoichiometry and deep soil profiles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147320. [PMID: 33957589 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the proliferation of shrubs within grasslands stimulates soil phosphorus (P) cycling and increases topsoil P storage beneath their canopies. However, little is known regarding the impact of shrub encroachment on subsoil P storage, and whether shrubs mediate changes in soil stoichiometry, like increasing P cycling. In grazed meadows on the Tibetan Plateau, soil and roots were sampled to 1 m depth in shrubby Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis groves and the surrounding grassy areas. Shrubs had higher P content than grasses, but lower C:P ratios in their leaves, litter, and roots. Similarly, shrubs had higher microbial P content than grasses, but lower microbial biomass C:P and N:P ratios in the soil. The larger microbial P stock in the 1 m of soil beneath shrubs responded to the larger root P stock there as well. Thus, both the plants and microbes acquired more P in shrubby areas than in grassy areas by accelerating P mineralization. The greater net production of available P in the topsoil and the synthesis of microbial P throughout the profile under shrubs increased the P solubility. Total P, inorganic P, and organic P stocks were lower under shrubs than under grasses in the top 1 m of soil. This decrease in soil P storage beneath shrubs is most likely attributable to P leaching due to higher P solubility, heavy rainfall, and larger soil gaps. Moreover, shrubs also had larger plant biomass P stock compared to grasses, and thus the depletion of P from the top 1 m of soil was further magnified via plant biomass removal. We concluded that shrubs increase P cycling to overcome the stoichiometric imbalance between their P requirement and the supply in the soil, and the fast P cycling under shrubs magnify P depletion within the rooted soil depth in alpine meadows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Henan University, Kaifeng, Jinming Avenue, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Xiaogang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Moure Abelenda A, Semple KT, Lag-Brotons AJ, Herbert BM, Aggidis G, Aiouache F. Kinetic study of the stabilization of an agro-industrial digestate by adding wood fly ash. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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10
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Cui S, Kong F, Li Y, Jiang Z, Xi M. Effect of mineral loaded biochar on the leaching performances of nitrate and phosphate in two contrasting soils from the coastal estuary area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146346. [PMID: 33743464 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coastal estuary area is an important sink for the land-based or/and atmosphere-based nutrients, and is suffering a serious destruction derived from the intensifying human activities, which subsequently threatens the marine environment. Therefore, increasing soil retention capacities of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) and reducing their leaching amount to sea water become a critical issue needed to be urgently addressed. In this study, a 38-day incubation and leaching experiment was conducted with two contrasting soils taken from the coastal estuary area, including the wetland and agricultural soils. Four kinds of biochars (BC), including one pure reed straw BC (BC0), and three mineral loaded BCs produced through the co-pyrolysis of reed straw with CaO (BCCa), MgO (BCMg), and shell powder (BCSP), respectively, were used to explore their effects on the leaching performances of nitrate-N and phosphate-P. The results demonstrated that the application of mineral loaded BCs could generally decrease the leaching amount of phosphate-P, while showed little effect on the nitrate-N leaching, compared to the controls. The positive improvement in soil nutrient retention capacity, mostly contributed by the increased adsorption on BC surface and into aperture, was suggested as the main mechanism for the decrease in nitrate-N and phosphate-P leaching. Compared to the agricultural soil, high clay content in the wetland soil could weaken the reduction potential in leaching losses of nitrate-N and phosphate-P derived from the newly introduced minerals with BC application. Furthermore, our results also indicated that the mineral loaded BCs may slow down the conversion rate of nutrients from organic forms to inorganic forms supported by the decreased enzymatic activity, which would be beneficial to the long term retention of nutrients in soil. Overall, based on the findings in the present study, the BCMg and Ca loaded BCs were respectively recommended for the wetland and agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fanlong Kong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhixiang Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Min Xi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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