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Li X, Ye C, Lu K, Xue C, Li X, Zhang Y. Accurately Predicting Spatiotemporal Variations of Near-Surface Nitrous Acid (HONO) Based on a Deep Learning Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38982681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) is identified as a critical precursor of hydroxyl radicals (OH), influencing atmospheric oxidation capacity and the formation of secondary pollutants. However, large uncertainties persist regarding its formation and elimination mechanisms, impeding accurate simulation of HONO levels using chemical models. In this study, a deep neural network (DNN) model was established based on routine air quality data (O3, NO2, CO, and PM2.5) and meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, solar zenith angle, and season) collected from four typical megacity clusters in China. The model exhibited robust performance on both the train sets [slope = 1.0, r2 = 0.94, root mean squared error (RMSE) = 0.29 ppbv] and two independent test sets (slope = 1.0, r2 = 0.79, and RMSE = 0.39 ppbv), demonstrated excellent capability in reproducing the spatiotemporal variations of HONO, and outperformed an observation-constrained box model incorporated with newly proposed HONO formation mechanisms. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was identified as the most impactful features for HONO prediction using the SHapely Additive exPlanation (SHAP) approach, highlighting the importance of NO2 conversion in HONO formation. The DNN model was further employed to predict the future change of HONO levels in different NOx abatement scenarios, which is expected to decrease 27-44% in summer as the result of 30-50% NOx reduction. These results suggest a dual effect brought by abatement of NOx emissions, leading to not only reduction of O3 and nitrate precursors but also decrease in HONO levels and hence primary radical production rates (PROx). In summary, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using deep learning approach to predict HONO concentrations, offering a promising supplement to traditional chemical models. Additionally, stringent NOx abatement would be beneficial for collaborative alleviation of O3 and secondary PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Can Ye
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chaoyang Xue
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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2
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Yang X, Wang H, Lu K, Ma X, Tan Z, Long B, Chen X, Li C, Zhai T, Li Y, Qu K, Xia Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Chen S, Dong H, Zeng L, Zhang Y. Reactive aldehyde chemistry explains the missing source of hydroxyl radicals. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1648. [PMID: 38388476 PMCID: PMC10883920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyl radicals (OH) determine the tropospheric self-cleansing capacity, thus regulating air quality and climate. However, the state-of-the-art mechanisms still underestimate OH at low nitrogen oxide and high volatile organic compound regimes even considering the latest isoprene chemistry. Here we propose that the reactive aldehyde chemistry, especially the autoxidation of carbonyl organic peroxy radicals (R(CO)O2) derived from higher aldehydes, is a noteworthy OH regeneration mechanism that overwhelms the contribution of the isoprene autoxidation, the latter has been proved to largely contribute to the missing OH source under high isoprene condition. As diagnosed by the quantum chemical calculations, the R(CO)O2 radicals undergo fast H-migration to produce unsaturated hydroperoxyl-carbonyls that generate OH through rapid photolysis. This chemistry could explain almost all unknown OH sources in areas rich in both natural and anthropogenic emissions in the warm seasons, and may increasingly impact the global self-cleansing capacity in a future low nitrogen oxide society under carbon neutrality scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Vehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Xuefei Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhaofeng Tan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bo Long
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chunmeng Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tianyu Zhai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kun Qu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu Xia
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuqiong Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huabin Dong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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3
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Wei N, Zhao W, Yao Y, Wang H, Liu Z, Xu X, Rahman M, Zhang C, Fittschen C, Zhang W. Peroxy radical chemistry during ozone photochemical pollution season at a suburban site in the boundary of Jiangsu-Anhui-Shandong-Henan region, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166355. [PMID: 37595920 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Ambient peroxy radical (RO2⁎ = HO2 + RO2) concentrations were measured at a suburban site in a major prefecture-level city (Huaibei) in the boundary of Jiangsu-Anhui-Shandong-Henan region, which is the connecting belt of air pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the Yangtze River Delta. Measurements were carried out during the period of September to October 2021 to elucidate the formation mechanism of O3 pollution. The observed maximum concentration of peroxy radicals was 73.8 pptv. A zero-dimensional box model (Framework for 0-Dimensional Atmospheric Modeling, F0AM) based on Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM3.3.1) was used to predict radical concentrations for comparison with observations. The model reproduced the daily variation of peroxy radicals well, but discrepancies still appear in the morning hours. As in previous field campaigns, systematic discrepancies between modelled and measured RO2⁎ concentrations are observed in the morning for NO mixing ratios higher than 1 ppbv. Between 6:00 and 9:00 am, the model significantly underpredicts RO2⁎ by a mean factor of 7.2. This underprediction can be explained by a missing RO2⁎ source of 1.2 ppbv h-1 which originated from the photochemical conversion of an alkene-like chemical species. From the model results it shows that the main sources of ROx (= OH + HO2 + RO2) are the photolysis of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs, 33 %), O3 and HONO (25 %), and HCHO (24 %). And the major sinks of ROx transitioned from a predominant reaction of radicals with NOx in the morning to a predominant peroxy self- and cross-reaction in the late afternoon. The introduction of an alkene-like species increased RO2 radical concentration and resulted in 14 % increase in net daily integrated ozone production, indicating the possible significance of the mechanism of alkene-like species oxidation to peroxy radicals. This study provides important information for subsequent ozone pollution control policies in Jiangsu-Anhui-Shandong-Henan region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Wei
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Weixiong Zhao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Yichen Yao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China; School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronics Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huarong Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China; School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronics Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China; School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronics Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xuezhe Xu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Masudur Rahman
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna 6600, Bangladesh
| | - Cuihong Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China; School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronics Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A -Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christa Fittschen
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A -Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China; School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronics Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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Zou Y, Yan XL, Flores RM, Zhang LY, Yang SP, Fan LY, Deng T, Deng XJ, Ye DQ. Source apportionment and ozone formation mechanism of VOCs considering photochemical loss in Guangzhou, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166191. [PMID: 37567293 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the sources and impact of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on ozone formation is challenging when the traditional method does not account for their photochemical loss. In this study, online monitoring of 56 VOCs was carried out in summer and autumn during high ozone pollution episodes. The photochemical age method was used to evaluate the atmospheric chemical loss of VOCs and to analyze the effects on characteristics, sources, and ozone formation of VOC components. The initial concentrations during daytime were 5.12 ppbv and 4.49 ppbv higher than the observed concentrations in the summer and autumn, respectively. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified 5 major emission sources. However, the omission of the chemical loss of VOCs led to underestimating the contributions of sources associated with highly reactive VOC components, such as those produced by biogenic emissions and solvent usage. Conversely it resulted in overestimating the contributions from VOC components with lower chemical activity such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) usage, vehicle emissions, and gasoline evaporation. Furthermore, the estimation of ozone formation may be underestimated when the atmospheric photochemical loss is not taken into account. The ozone formation potential (OFP) method and propylene-equivalent concentration method both underestimated ozone formation by 53.24 ppbv and 47.25 ppbc, respectively, in the summer, and by 40.34 ppbv and 26.37 ppbc, respectively, in the autumn. The determination of the ozone formation regime based on VOC chemical loss was more acceptable. In the summer, the ozone formation regime changed from the VOC-limited regime to the VOC-NOx transition regime, while in the autumn, the ozone formation regime changed from the strong VOC-limited regime to the weak VOC-limited regime. To obtain more thorough and precise conclusions, further monitoring and analysis studies will be conducted in the near future on a wider variety of VOC species such as oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zou
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - X L Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Institute of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - R M Flores
- Marmara University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - L Y Zhang
- Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - S P Yang
- Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - L Y Fan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - T Deng
- Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - X J Deng
- Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - D Q Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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5
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Liu Y, Geng G, Cheng J, Liu Y, Xiao Q, Liu L, Shi Q, Tong D, He K, Zhang Q. Drivers of Increasing Ozone during the Two Phases of Clean Air Actions in China 2013-2020. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37276527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In response to the severe air pollution issue, the Chinese government implemented two phases (Phase I, 2013-2017; Phase II, 2018-2020) of clean air actions since 2013, resulting in a significant decline in fine particles (PM2.5) during 2013-2020, while the warm-season (April-September) mean maximum daily 8 h average ozone (MDA8 O3) increased by 2.6 μg m-3 yr-1 in China during the same period. Here, we derived the drivers behind the rising O3 concentrations during the two phases of clean air actions by using a bottom-up emission inventory, a regional chemical transport model, and a multiple linear regression model. We found that both meteorological variations (3.6 μg m-3) and anthropogenic emissions (6.7 μg m-3) contributed to the growth of MDA8 O3 from 2013 to 2020, with the changes in anthropogenic emissions playing a more important role. The anthropogenic contributions to the O3 rise during 2017-2020 (1.2 μg m-3) were much lower than that in 2013-2017 (5.2 μg m-3). The lack of volatile organic compound (VOC) control and the decline in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were responsible for the O3 increase in 2013-2017 due to VOC-limited regimes in most urban areas, while the synergistic control of VOC and NOx in Phase II initially worked to mitigate O3 pollution during 2018-2020, although its effectiveness was offset by the penalty of PM2.5 decline. Future mitigation efforts should pay more attention to the simultaneous control of VOC and NOx to improve O3 air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guannan Geng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingyang Xiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liangke Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qinren Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Tong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kebin He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Lockhart JPA, Bodipati B, Rizvi S. Investigating the Association Reactions of HOCH 2CO and HOCHCHO with O 2: A Quantum Computational and Master Equation Study. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:4302-4316. [PMID: 37146175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycolaldehyde, HOCH2CHO, is an important multifunctional atmospheric trace gas formed in the oxidation of ethylene and isoprene and emitted directly from burning biomass. The initial step in the atmospheric photooxidation of HOCH2CHO yields HOCH2CO and HOCHCHO radicals; both of these radicals react rapidly with O2 in the troposphere. This study presents a comprehensive theoretical investigation of the HOCH2CO + O2 and HOCHCHO + O2 reactions using high-level quantum chemical calculations and energy-grained master equation simulations. The HOCH2CO + O2 reaction results in the formation of a HOCH2C(O)O2 radical, while the HOCHCHO + O2 reaction yields (HCO)2 + HO2. Density functional theory calculations have identified two open unimolecular pathways associated with the HOCH2C(O)O2 radical that yield HCOCOOH + OH or HCHO + CO2 + OH products; the former novel bimolecular product pathway has not been previously reported in the literature. Master equation simulations based on the potential energy surface calculated here for the HOCH2CO + O2 recombination reaction support experimental product yield data from the literature and indicate that, even at total pressures of 1 atm, the HOCH2CO + O2 reaction yields ∼11% OH at 298 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P A Lockhart
- Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University, One South Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, United States
| | - B Bodipati
- Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University, One South Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, United States
| | - S Rizvi
- Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University, One South Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, United States
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Zhu T, Tang M, Gao M, Bi X, Cao J, Che H, Chen J, Ding A, Fu P, Gao J, Gao Y, Ge M, Ge X, Han Z, He H, Huang RJ, Huang X, Liao H, Liu C, Liu H, Liu J, Liu SC, Lu K, Ma Q, Nie W, Shao M, Song Y, Sun Y, Tang X, Wang T, Wang T, Wang W, Wang X, Wang Z, Yin Y, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zheng M, Zhu B, Zhu J. Recent Progress in Atmospheric Chemistry Research in China: Establishing a Theoretical Framework for the "Air Pollution Complex". ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES 2023; 40:1-23. [PMID: 37359906 PMCID: PMC10140723 DOI: 10.1007/s00376-023-2379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the "air pollution complex" was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997. For papers published in 2021 on air pollution (only papers included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were considered), more than 24 000 papers were authored or co-authored by scientists working in China. In this paper, we review a limited number of representative and significant studies on atmospheric chemistry in China in the last few years, including studies on (1) sources and emission inventories, (2) atmospheric chemical processes, (3) interactions of air pollution with meteorology, weather and climate, (4) interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere, and (5) data assimilation. The intention was not to provide a complete review of all progress made in the last few years, but rather to serve as a starting point for learning more about atmospheric chemistry research in China. The advances reviewed in this paper have enabled a theoretical framework for the air pollution complex to be established, provided robust scientific support to highly successful air pollution control policies in China, and created great opportunities in education, training, and career development for many graduate students and young scientists. This paper further highlights that developing and low-income countries that are heavily affected by air pollution can benefit from these research advances, whilst at the same time acknowledging that many challenges and opportunities still remain in atmospheric chemistry research in China, to hopefully be addressed over the next few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Mingjin Tang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Meng Gao
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinhui Bi
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Huizheng Che
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | | | - Aijun Ding
- Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | | | - Jian Gao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012 China
| | - Yang Gao
- Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
| | - Maofa Ge
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Xinlei Ge
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044 China
| | - Zhiwei Han
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Hong He
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085 China
| | - Ru-Jin Huang
- Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Xin Huang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Hong Liao
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044 China
| | - Cheng Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Huan Liu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 China
| | | | - Keding Lu
- Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Qingxin Ma
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085 China
| | - Wei Nie
- Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Min Shao
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Yu Song
- Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yele Sun
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Tao Wang
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Weigang Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | | | - Zifa Wang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Yan Yin
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044 China
| | | | - Weijun Zhang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044 China
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Mei Zheng
- Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044 China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
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Jia C, Tong S, Zhang X, Li F, Zhang W, Li W, Wang Z, Zhang G, Tang G, Liu Z, Ge M. Atmospheric oxidizing capacity in autumn Beijing: Analysis of the O 3 and PM 2.5 episodes based on observation-based model. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:557-569. [PMID: 36182163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric oxidizing capacity (AOC) is the fundamental driving factors of chemistry process (e.g., the formation of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA)) in the troposphere. However, accurate quantification of AOC still remains uncertainty. In this study, a comprehensive field campaign was conducted during autumn 2019 in downtown of Beijing, where O3 and PM2.5 episodes had been experienced successively. The observation-based model (OBM) is used to quantify the AOC at O3 and PM2.5 episodes. The strong intensity of AOC is found at O3 and PM2.5 episodes, and hydroxyl radical (OH) is the dominating daytime oxidant for both episodes. The photolysis of O3 is main source of OH at O3 episode; the photolysis of nitrous acid (HONO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) plays important role in OH formation at PM2.5 episode. The radicals loss routines vary according to precursor pollutants, resulting in different types of air pollution. O3 budgets and sensitivity analysis indicates that O3 production is transition regime (both VOC and NOx-limited) at O3 episode. The heterogeneous reaction of hydroperoxy radicals (HO2) on aerosol surfaces has significant influence on OH and O3 production rates. The HO2 uptake coefficient (γHO2) is the determining factor and required accurate measurement in real atmospheric environment. Our findings could provide the important bases for coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shengrui Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xinran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weiran Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guiqian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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9
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Liu Y, Li J, Ma Y, Zhou M, Tan Z, Zeng L, Lu K, Zhang Y. A review of gas-phase chemical mechanisms commonly used in atmospheric chemistry modelling. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:522-534. [PMID: 36522011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric chemical mechanism is an essential component of airshed models used for investigating the chemical behaviors and impacts of species. Since the first tropospheric chemical mechanism was proposed in the 1960s, various mechanisms including Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM), Carbon Bond Mechanism (CBM), Statewide Air Pollution Research Center (SAPRC) and Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (RACM) have been developed for different research purposes. This work summarizes the development and applications of these mechanisms, introduces their compositions and lumping methods, and compares the ways the mechanisms treat radicals with box model simulations. CBM can reproduce urban pollution events with relatively low cost compared to SAPRC and RACM, whereas the chemical behaviors of radicals and the photochemical production of ozone are described in detail in RACM. The photolysis rates of some oxygenated compounds are low in SAPRC07, which may result in underestimation of radical levels. As an explicit chemical mechanism, MCM describes the chemical processes of primary pollutants and their oxidation products in detail. MCM can be used to investigate certain chemical processes; however, due to its large size, it is rarely used in regional model simulations. A box model case study showed that the chemical behavior of OH and HO2 radicals and the production of ozone were well described by all mechanisms. CBM and SAPRC underestimated the radical levels for different chemical treatments, leading to low ozone production values in both cases. MCM and RACM are widely used in box model studies, while CBM and SAPRC are often selected in regional simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiayin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yufang Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaofeng Tan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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10
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Wang Y, Jin X, Liu Z, Wang G, Tang G, Lu K, Hu B, Wang S, Li G, An X, Wang C, Hu Q, He L, Zhang F, Zhang Y. Progress in quantitative research on the relationship between atmospheric oxidation and air quality. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:350-366. [PMID: 36521998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric oxidizing capacity (AOC) is an essential driving force of troposphere chemistry and self-cleaning, but the definition of AOC and its quantitative representation remain uncertain. Driven by national demand for air pollution control in recent years, Chinese scholars have carried out studies on theories of atmospheric chemistry and have made considerable progress in AOC research. This paper will give a brief review of these developments. First, AOC indexes were established that represent apparent atmospheric oxidizing ability (AOIe) and potential atmospheric oxidizing ability (AOIp) based on aspects of macrothermodynamics and microdynamics, respectively. A closed study refined the quantitative contributions of heterogeneous chemistry to AOC in Beijing, and these AOC methods were further applied in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and key areas across the country. In addition, the detection of ground or vertical profiles for atmospheric OH·, HO2·, NO3· radicals and reservoir molecules can now be obtained with domestic instruments in diverse environments. Moreover, laboratory smoke chamber simulations revealed heterogeneous processes involving reactions of O3 and NO2, which are typical oxidants in the surface/interface atmosphere, and the evolutionary and budgetary implications of atmospheric oxidants reacting under multispecies, multiphase and multi-interface conditions were obtained. Finally, based on the GRAPES-CUACE adjoint model improved by Chinese scholars, simulations of key substances affecting atmospheric oxidation and secondary organic and inorganic aerosol formation have been optimized. Normalized numerical simulations of AOIe and AOIp were performed, and regional coordination of AOC was adjusted. An optimized plan for controlling O3 and PM2.5 was analyzed by scenario simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Gehui Wang
- Key Lab of Geophysical Information System of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guiqian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory or Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xinqin An
- Institute of Atmospheric Composition and Environmental Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Atmospheric Composition and Environmental Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qihou Hu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lingyan He
- State Key Joint Laboratory or Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fenfen Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory or Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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11
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Wang H, Lu K, Tan Z, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Formation mechanism and control strategy for particulate nitrate in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:476-486. [PMID: 36522007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, fine particulate matter (PM) pollution in China has been abated significantly, benefiting from strict emission control measures, but particulate nitrate continues to rise. Here, we review the progress in particulate nitrate (pNO3-) pollution characterization, nitrate formation mechanisms, and the proposed control strategies in China. The spatial and temporal distributions of pNO3- are summarized. The current status of knowledge on the chemical mechanism is updated, and the significance of its formation pathways is assessed by various approaches such as field observation and modelling of nitrate production rate, as well as isotopic analysis. The factors impacting pNO3- formation and the corresponding pollution regulation strategies are discussed, in which the importance of atmospheric oxidation capacity and ammonia are addressed. Finally, the challenges and open questions in pNO3- pollution control in China are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zhaofeng Tan
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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12
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Tan Z, Lu K, Ma X, Chen S, He L, Huang X, Li X, Lin X, Tang M, Yu D, Wahner A, Zhang Y. Multiple Impacts of Aerosols on O 3 Production Are Largely Compensated: A Case Study Shenzhen, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17569-17580. [PMID: 36473087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a harmful gas compound to humans and vegetation, and it also serves as a climate change forcer. O3 is formed in the reactions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with light. In this study, an O3 pollution episode encountered in Shenzhen, South China in 2018 was investigated to illustrate the influence of aerosols on local O3 production. We used a box model with comprehensive heterogeneous mechanisms and empirical prediction of photolysis rates to reproduce the O3 episode. Results demonstrate that the aerosol light extinction and NO2 heterogeneous reactions showed comparable influence but opposite signs on the O3 production. Hence, the influence of aerosols from different processes is largely counteracted. Sensitivity tests suggest that O3 production increases with further reduction in aerosols in this study, while the continued NOx reduction finally shifts O3 production to an NOx-limited regime with respect to traditional O3-NOx-VOC sensitivity. Our results shed light on the role of NOx reduction on O3 production and highlight further mitigation in NOx not only limiting the production of O3 but also helping to ease particulate nitrate, as a path for cocontrol of O3 and fine particle pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Tan
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871Beijing, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871Beijing, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871Beijing, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Lingyan He
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871Beijing, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengxue Tang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Andreas Wahner
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871Beijing, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
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13
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Zhang G, Hu R, Xie P, Lu K, Lou S, Liu X, Li X, Wang F, Wang Y, Yang X, Cai H, Wang Y, Liu W. Intercomparison of OH radical measurement in a complex atmosphere in Chengdu, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155924. [PMID: 35577098 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric oxidation is a driving force of complex air pollution, and accurate hydroxyl radical (OH) measurement is helpful in investigating the radical-cored photooxidation mechanism in the troposphere. A self-developed laser-induced fluorescence instrument by the Anhui Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (AIOFM-LIF), was able to measure OH concentration with high sensitivity and good time resolution, and a detection limit of 1.7 × 105 cm-3 (1σ, 30 s). A long-period, multi-level intercomparison of hydroxyl radical (OH) measurements between AIOFM-LIF and PKU-LIF (the Peking University laser-induced fluorescence system) was conducted in Chengdu, China. The measurement between two instruments was in excellent agreement in the 5-min time resolution. Linear regression analysis reported a linear slope of 0.96 with a 0.68 × 106 cm-3 offset, and the correlation coefficient R2 was 0.85. The overall linearity with only a slight offset indicated a negligible influence on OH measurement. No noticeable artifacts from ozonolysis were observed under the condition of high ozone and ozonolysis-related compound concentrations. In addition to the subtraction of background signal through wavelength modulation, the dynamic correction on ozone photolysis interference ensured high intercomparison quality in both relatively constant and rapidly varying periods. Based on the reliability of OHAIOFM and OHPKU, comparisons under different oxidation-related species (NOx, VOCs, O3, PM2.5) levels and typical scenarios (rich-BVOC and high-reactivity) were carried out to evaluate the performance under complex atmospheres. A slightly higher drift was observed in a certain scenario, but the general data variability due to environmental changes did not affect the measurement accuracy. The intercomparison demonstrated that both systems are able to achieve reliable OH data under typical conditions of complex atmospheric pollution in China. Additional improvements are necessary for future intercomparisons in order to enhance the confidence in OH detection accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Renzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.
| | - Pinhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengrong Lou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xinping Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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14
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Zhang G, Hu R, Xie P, Lou S, Wang F, Wang Y, Qin M, Li X, Liu X, Wang Y, Liu W. Observation and simulation of HOx radicals in an urban area in Shanghai, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152275. [PMID: 34902401 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A continuous wintertime observation of ambient OH and HO2 radicals was first carried out in Shanghai, in 2019. This effort coincided with the second China International Import Expo (CIIE), during which strict emission controls were implemented in Shanghai, resulting in an average PM2.5 concentration of less than 35 μg/m3. The self-developed instrument based on the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique reported that the average OH radical concentration at noontime (11:00-13:00) was 2.7 × 106 cm-3, while the HO2 concentration was 0.8 × 108 cm-3. A chemical box model utilizing the Regional Atmospheric Chemical Mechanism 2 (RACM2), which is used to simulate pollutant reactions and other processes in the troposphere and which incorporates the Leuven isoprene mechanism (LIM1), reproduced the OH concentrations on most days. The HO2 concentration was underestimated, and the observed-to-modelled ratio demonstrated poor performance by the model, especially during the elevated photochemistry period. Missing primary peroxy radical sources or unknown behaviors of RO2 for high-NOx regimes are possible reasons for the discrepancy. The daytime ROx production was controlled by various sources. HONO photolysis accounted for more than one half (0.83 ppb/h), and the contribution from formaldehyde, OVOCs and ozone photolysis was relatively similar. Active oxidation paths accelerated the rapid ozone increase in winter. The average ozone production rate was 15.1 ppb/h, which is comparable to that of a Beijing suburb (10 ppb/h for the 'BEST-ONE') but much lower than that of Beijing's center (39 ppb/h in 'PKU' and 71 ppb/h in 'APHH') in wintertime. Cumulative local ozone based on observed peroxy radicals was five times higher than the value simulated by the current model due to the underprediction of HO2 and RO2 under the high-NOx regime. This analysis provides crucial information for subsequent pollution control policies in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Renzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.
| | - Pinhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
| | - Shengrong Lou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Min Qin
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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15
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Liu J, Li X, Tan Z, Wang W, Yang Y, Zhu Y, Yang S, Song M, Chen S, Wang H, Lu K, Zeng L, Zhang Y. Assessing the Ratios of Formaldehyde and Glyoxal to NO 2 as Indicators of O 3-NO x-VOC Sensitivity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10935-10945. [PMID: 34319085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution has a negative effect on the public health and crop yields. Accurate diagnosis of O3 production sensitivity and targeted reduction of O3 precursors [i.e., nitrogen oxides (NOx) or volatile organic compounds (VOCs)] are effective for mitigating O3 pollution. This study assesses the indicative roles of the surface formaldehyde-to-NO2 ratio (FNR) and glyoxal-to-NO2 ratio (GNR) on surface O3-NOx-VOC sensitivity based on a meta-analysis consisting of multiple field observations and model simulations. Thresholds of the FNR and GNR are determined using the relationship between the relative change of the O3 production rate and the two indicators, which are 0.55 ± 0.16 and 1.0 ± 0.3 for the FNR and 0.009 ± 0.003 and 0.024 ± 0.007 for the GNR. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the surface FNR is likely to be affected by formaldehyde primary sources under certain conditions, whereas the GNR might not be. As glyoxal measurements are becoming increasingly available, using the FNR and GNR together as O3 sensitivity indicators has broad potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhaofeng Tan
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Yiming Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Suding Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengdi Song
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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