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Zhang Y, Yan Y, Yao R, Wei D, Huang X, Luo M, Wei C, Chen S, Yang C. Natural background levels, source apportionment and health risks of potentially toxic elements in groundwater of highly urbanized area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173276. [PMID: 38796023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Identifying the natural background levels (NBLs), threshold values (TVs), sources and health risks of potentially toxic elements in groundwater is crucial for ensuring the water security of residents in highly urbanized areas. In this study, 96 groundwater samples were collected in urban area of Sichuan Basin, SW China. The concentrations of potentially toxic elements (Li, Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, Pb, B, Ba and Ni) were analyzed for investigating the NBLs, TVs, sources and health risks. The potentially toxic elements followed the concentration order of Fe > Ba > B > Al > Zn > Li > Cu > Ni > Pb. The NBLs and TVs indicated the contamination of potentially toxic elements mainly occurred in the northern and central parts of the study area. The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model identified elevated concentrations of Fe, Al, Li, and B were found to determine groundwater quality. The primary sources of Fe, Al, Pb, and Ni were attributed to the dissolution of oxidation products, with Fe additionally affected by anthropogenic reduction environments. Li and B were determined to be originated from the weathering of tourmaline. High levels of Ni and Cu concentrations were derived from electronic waste leakage, while excessive Ba and Zn were linked to factory emissions and tire wear. The reasonable maximum exposure (RME) of hazard index (HI) was higher than safety standard and reveal the potential health risks in the southwestern study area. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the Li concentrations possessed the highest weight contributing to health risk. This study provides a valuable information for source-specific risk assessments of potentially toxic elements in groundwater associated with urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Zhang
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin 644000, China; Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611756, China.
| | - Yuting Yan
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin 644000, China; Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Rongwen Yao
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin 644000, China; Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Denghui Wei
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin 644000, China; Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Xun Huang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Sichuan Institute of Geological Survey, Sichuan, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Changli Wei
- Sichuan Institute of Geological Survey, Sichuan, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Si Chen
- Observation and Research Station of Ecological Restoration for Chongqing Typical Mining Areas, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Observation and Research Station of Ecological Restoration for Chongqing Typical Mining Areas, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing 401120, China
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2
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Kumari B, Keesari T, Roy A, Mohokar H, Pant HJ. Comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality in the Prayagraj District, Ganga Basin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34030-1. [PMID: 38977555 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Urbanization has severely impacted the world water resources especially the shallow groundwater systems. There is a need of a robust method for quantifying the water quality degradation, which is still a challenge for most of the urban centers across the world. In this study, a highly urbanized region of Ganga basin is selected to critically evaluate commonly used WQIs and compare with fuzzy modeling. A total of 28 water samples were collected from diverse sources (surface and groundwaters) in the vicinity of urban region covering an area of 216 km2 during the premonsoon period. TDS, TH, NO3-, and F- values were found to be above the permissible limits in 57%, 89%, 4%, and 7% samples, respectively. The WQIs (entropy and integrated) outputs were found to be similar with 89% of the samples falling under moderate category. Fuzzy modeling was carried out allowing user-defined weighting factors for the most influential ions, and the output suggested 96% of the samples falling under moderate to excellent categories. Based on the chemical results and considering the lithology of the study area, the geochemical reactions controlling the water quality were deduced. This study outlines a systematic approach of evaluating the overall water quality of an urban region highlighting the merits and limitations of WQIs. It also justifies the immediate need to generate more robust data to achieve the sustainable development goals 6 (clean water and sanitation) and 11 (sustainability of cities and human settlement).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Kumari
- Isotope Hydrology Section, Isotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - Tirumalesh Keesari
- Isotope Hydrology Section, Isotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
| | - Annadasankar Roy
- Isotope Hydrology Section, Isotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - Hemant Mohokar
- Isotope Hydrology Section, Isotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - Harish Jagat Pant
- Isotope Hydrology Section, Isotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
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Jalali R, Tishehzan P, Hashemi H. A machine learning framework for spatio-temporal vulnerability mapping of groundwaters to nitrate in a data scarce region in Lenjanat Plain, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:42088-42110. [PMID: 38862797 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The temporal aspect of groundwater vulnerability to contaminants such as nitrate is often overlooked, assuming vulnerability has a static nature. This study bridges this gap by employing machine learning with Detecting Breakpoints and Estimating Segments in Trend (DBEST) algorithm to reveal the underlying relationship between nitrate, water table, vegetation cover, and precipitation time series, that are related to agricultural activities and groundwater demand in a semi-arid region. The contamination probability of Lenjanat Plain has been mapped by comparing random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and K-nearest-neighbors (KNN) models, fed with 32 input variables (dem-derived factors, physiography, distance and density maps, time series data). Also, imbalanced learning and feature selection techniques were investigated as supplementary methods, adding up to four scenarios. Results showed that the RF model, integrated with forward sequential feature selection (SFS) and SMOTE-Tomek resampling method, outperformed the other models (F1-score: 0.94, MCC: 0.83). The SFS techniques outperformed other feature selection methods in enhancing the accuracy of the models with the cost of computational expenses, and the cost-sensitive function proved more efficient in tackling imbalanced data issues than the other investigated methods. The DBEST method identified significant breakpoints within each time series dataset, revealing a clear association between agricultural practices along the Zayandehrood River and substantial nitrate contamination within the Lenjanat region. Additionally, the groundwater vulnerability maps created using the candid RF model and an ensemble of the best RF, SVM, and KNN models predicted mid to high levels of vulnerability in the central parts and the downhills in the southwest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Jalali
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Parvaneh Tishehzan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Hashemi
- Division of Water Resources Engineering & Center for Advanced Middle Eastern Studies, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Li R, Yan Y, Xu J, Yang C, Chen S, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Evaluate the groundwater quality and human health risks for sustainable drinking and irrigation purposes in mountainous region of Chongqing, Southwest China. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2024; 264:104344. [PMID: 38643620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater is crucial for agriculture and domestic consumption. This research investigated the hydrogeochemical properties and contaminant sources of groundwater within the mountainous terrain of northern Chongqing, with the objective of evaluating its appropriateness for irrigation and potable use. The hydrochemical type of the groundwater was HCO3 - Ca, dominated by silicate and calcite dissolutions. High NO3- (29.03% exceeds 10 mg/L) were attributed to the overuse of agricultural fertilizers. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted to determine the groundwater suitability for agricultural and potable uses. The results showed that groundwater in the southwestern region, particularly within the Yangtze River mainstem watershed, exhibited less suitability for irrigation owing to its lower mineralization, in contrast to the northeastern region near the Daning River watershed. But this trend is reversed for drinking purposes. Overall, the groundwater was appropriate for both drinking (93.55% were classified as excellent) and irrigation (70.98% were classified as low restriction) purposes in the study area. Deterministic and probabilistic noncarcinogenic health risk analyses centered on nitrate exposure revealed that infants (with 13.79% of samples >1) were at greater risk than children (8.58%), adult males (6.98%), and adult females (5.24%). This underscores the urgency to reduce nitrogen fertilizer usage and improve water management in the region. This research will provide guidance for the sustainable groundwater management in mountainous regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin 644000, China; Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Yuting Yan
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin 644000, China; Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Jiaqian Xu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Observation and Research Station of Ecological Restoration for Chongqing Typical Mining Areas, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, China
| | - Si Chen
- Observation and Research Station of Ecological Restoration for Chongqing Typical Mining Areas, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, China
| | - Yangshuang Wang
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin 644000, China; Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin 644000, China; Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan Chengdu 611756, China.
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5
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Alizadeh M, Noori R, Omidvar B, Nohegar A, Pistre S. Human health risk of nitrate in groundwater of Tehran-Karaj plain, Iran. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7830. [PMID: 38570538 PMCID: PMC10991333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Groundwater pollution by nitrate has is a major concern in the Tehran-Karaj aquifer, Iran, where the wells provide up to 80% of the water supply for a population of more than 18 million-yet detailed human health risks associated with nitrate are unknown due to the lack of accessible data to adequately cover the aquifer in both place and time. Here, using a rich dataset measured annually in more than 75 wells, we mapped the non-carcinogenic risk of nitrate in the aquifer between 2007 and 2018, a window with the most extensive anthropogenic activities in this region. Nitrate concentration varied from ~ 6 to ~ 150 mg/L, around three times greater than the standard level for drinking use, i.e. 50 mg/L. Samples with a non-carcinogenic risk of nitrate, which mainly located in the eastern parts of the study region, threatened children's health, the most vulnerable age group, in almost all of the years during the study period. Our findings revealed that the number of samples with a positive risk of nitrate for adults decreased in the aquifer from 2007 (17 wells) to 2018 (6 wells). Although we hypothesized that unsustainable agricultural practices, the growing population, and increased industrial activities could have increased the nitrate level in the Tehran-Karaj aquifer, improved sanitation infrastructures helped to prevent the intensification of nitrate pollution in the aquifer during the study period. Our compilation of annually mapped non-carcinogenic risks of nitrate is beneficial for local authorities to understand the high-risk zones in the aquifer and for the formulation of policy actions to protect the human health of people who use groundwater for drinking and other purposes in this densely populated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Alizadeh
- Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853111, Iran
| | - Roohollah Noori
- Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853111, Iran.
- Faculty of Governance, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439814151, Iran.
| | - Babak Omidvar
- Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853111, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nohegar
- Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853111, Iran
| | - Severin Pistre
- HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34090, Montpellier, France
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Wang Y, Luo Z, Luo J. Research on predicting the diffusion of toxic heavy gas sulfur dioxide by applying a hybrid deep learning model to real case data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:166506. [PMID: 37619734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Toxic heavy gas sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a specific life and environmental hazard. Predicting the diffusion of SO2 has become a research focus in fields such as environmental and safety studies. However, traditional methods, such as kinetic models, cannot balance precision and time. Thus, they do not meet the needs of emergency decision-making. Deep learning (DL) models are emerging as a highly regarded solution, providing faster and more accurate predictions of gas concentrations. To this end, this study proposes an innovative hybrid DL model, the parallel-connected convolutional neural network-gated recurrent unit (PC CNN-GRU). This model utilizes two CNNs connected in parallel to process gas release and meteorological datasets, enabling the automatic extraction of high-dimensional data features and handling of long-term temporal dependencies through the GRU. The proposed model demonstrates good performance (RMSE, MAE, and R2 of 20.1658, 10.9158, and 0.9288, respectively) with real data from the Project Prairie Grass (PPG) case. Meanwhile, to address the issue of limited availability of raw data, in this study, time series generative adversarial network (TimeGAN) are introduced for SO2 diffusion studies for the first time, and their effectiveness is verified. To enhance the practicality of the research, the contribution of drivers to SO2 diffusion is quantified through the utilization of the permutation importance (PIMP) and Sobol' method. Additionally, the maximum safe distance downwind under various conditions is visualized based on the SO2 toxicity endpoint concentration. The results of the analyses can provide a scientific basis for relevant decisions and measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- School of Management, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Zhengshan Luo
- School of Management, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Jihao Luo
- School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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7
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Mohammadpour A, Hosseini MR, Dehbandi R, Khodadadi N, Keshtkar M, Shahsavani E, Elshall AS, Azhdarpoor A. Probabilistic human health risk assessment and Sobol sensitivity reveal the major health risk parameters of aluminum in drinking water in Shiraz, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:7665-7677. [PMID: 37415002 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Overuse of aluminum salts (a.k.a., alum) in coagulation and flocculation processes in water treatment raises concerns about increased levels of aluminum (Al) in drinking water. In this study, we present a probabilistic human health risk assessment (HRA) for non-cancerogenic risks, with Sobol sensitivity analysis, to vet the concern of increased health risk from Al in drinking water in Shiraz, Iran, for children, adolescents, and adults. The results show that the concentration of Al in the drinking water in Shiraz varies significantly between winter and summer seasons and varies considerably spatially across the city irrespective of the season. However, all concentrations are below the guideline concentration. The HRA results show that the highest health risk is for children in summer, and the lowest is for adolescents and adults during winter, with generally higher health risks for younger age groups. However, Monte Carlo results for all age groups suggest no adverse health effects due to Al exposure. The sensitivity analysis shows that the sensitive parameters vary across age groups. For example, the Al concentration and ingestion rate pose the most risk for adolescent and adult groups, and children group, respectively. More importantly, the interaction of Al concentration with ingestion rate and body weight is the controlling parameters for evaluating HRA rather than Al concentration alone. We conclude that while the HRA of Al in Shiraz drinking water did not indicate significant health risk, regular monitoring and optimal operation of the coagulation and flocculation processes are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mohammadpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hosseini
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
| | - Reza Dehbandi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Mahsa Keshtkar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Shahsavani
- Research Center for Social Determinates of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Ahmed S Elshall
- Department of Bioengineering, Civil Engineering, and Environmental Engineering, U.A. Whitaker College of Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA
- The Water School, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | - Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Xie H, Shi Y, Yan H, Bouazza A, Zhu X, Wang A. Analytical model for organic contaminant transport in a cut-off wall and aquifer dual-domain system considering barrier arrangements. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2023; 259:104259. [PMID: 37922726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an analytical study of organic contaminants transport in a cut-off wall and aquifer dual-domain system, considering the effects of the inlet boundary conditions and cut-off structural arrangements. The comprehensive sensitivity analysis of parameters focusing on the breakthrough time, attenuation time and cumulative concentration are presented using the Monte Carlo simulation and Sobol global method. The simplified constant inlet boundary condition can lead to an excessively conservative prediction of the contaminant breakthrough compared to the 'finite mass' and 'decaying source' boundary conditions. The cut-off wall hydraulic performance can be enhanced by reducing the contaminant's head loss, shape factor, half-life and cut-off wall hydraulic conductivity while increasing the retardation factor. The contaminant's half-life can largely influence the maximum contaminant concentration, attenuation time and breakthrough time. For example, the maximum contaminant concentrations for T1/2 = 1.4 years and T1/2 = 100 years are 13 and 123 times greater than that for T1/2 = 0.1 year, respectively. The influence of the variation of shape factor on the breakthrough curve should be taken into consideration. Altering the structural arrangement of the cut-off wall to accommodate a smaller shape factor increases the contaminant breakthrough time. The proposed solution allows the analysis of a cut-off wall and aquifer system with different inlet boundary conditions and structural arrangements of the cut-off wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hanghzou 310007, China
| | - Yanghui Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hanghzou 310007, China
| | - Huaxiang Yan
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hanghzou 310007, China; The Architectural Design and Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co. Ltd., 148 Tianmushan Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Abdelmalek Bouazza
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, 23 College Walk, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Xianghong Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hanghzou 310007, China
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Mohammadpour A, Samaei MR, Ali Baghapour M, Sartaj M, Isazadeh S, Azhdarpoor A, Alipour H, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Modeling, quality assessment, and Sobol sensitivity of water resources and distribution system in Shiraz: A probabilistic human health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139987. [PMID: 37659511 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Given water's vital role in supporting life and ecosystems, global climate change and human activities have significantly diminished its availability and quality. This study explores the health risks of drinking water consumption in the shiraz county water resources and distribution system. The result showed that the water was slightly alkaline. However, the average pH values during the study were within the permissible range. The area's abundance of total hardness and calcium was due to the high concentration of minerals in rocks and soils. The nitrate and fluoride concentrations in drinking groundwater varied from 0.02 to 116.70 mg/L and 0.10-1.85 mg/L, respectively. Although the water quality index indicated that 52.63, 45.03, and 20.3 percent of samples were of excellent, good, and poor quality in 2020, those percentages obtained 46.05, 52.09, and 14.0 percent in 2021. The regression values of training, testing, validation, and the proposed artificial neural network model were 0.93, 0.92, 0.85, and 0.92. The maximum levels of hazard quotient of nitrate and fluoride (except for adults) were higher than 1 in all age groups, indicating a high non-carcinogenic risk by exposure to nitrate. Furthermore, according to the Monte Carlo simulation, the 95th percentile hazard index in all groups was more than 1. Children and infants were more inclined towards risk than teens and adults based on the intake of nitrate and fluoride from drinking water. The Sobol sensitivity reflected that the nitrate concentration and ingestion rate are vital parameters that influence the outcome of the oral exposure model for all age groups. The interaction of ingestion rate with a concentration of nitrate and fluoride is an important parameter affecting the health risk assessment. In conclusion, these findings suggest that precise measures can reduce health risks and guarantee safe drinking water for residents of Shiraz County.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mohammadpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Samaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Baghapour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Sartaj
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | - Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Alipour
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
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10
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Shamsuddin AS, Syed Ismail SN, Othman NMI, Zakaria NH, Abd Manan TS, Ibrahim MA, Abdul Mutalib M. Human health risk assessment of nitrate in private well waters of shallow quaternary alluvial aquifer. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:7741-7757. [PMID: 37428425 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Excessive nitrate intake via ingestion pathway and dermal absorption exposures has adverse health impacts on human health. This study evaluated groundwater (GW) nitrate concentrations and health risks which focused on ingestion and dermal exposures to residents in Bachok District, Kelantan, Malaysia. Three hundred (300) samples of private wells were collected and it is found that the nitrate concentrations ranging between 0.11 and 64.01 mg/L NO3-N with a mean value of 10.45 ± 12.67 mg/L NO3-N. The possible health hazards of nitrate by ingestion and dermal contact were assessed using USEPA human health risk assessment model for adult males and females. It is observed that the mean Hazard Quotient (HQ) values of adult males and females were 0.305 ± 0.364 and 0.261 ± 0.330, respectively. About 7.3% (n = 10) and 4.9% (n = 8) of adult males and females had HQ values more than 1, respectively. It was also observed that the mean of HQderm was lesser than HQoral for males and females. The spatial distribution of HQ by interpolation method showed high nitrate concentrations (> 10 mg/L NO3-N) were distributed from the centre to the southern part of the study location, which identified as an agricultural area, indicating the used of nitrogenous fertilizers as the main source of GW nitrate contamination in this area. The findings of this study are valuable for establishing private well water protection measures to stop further deterioration of GW quality caused by nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Soraya Shamsuddin
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Maizatul Idayu Othman
- Faculty of Plantation and Agriculture, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), 77300, Merlimau, Melaka, Malaysia
- Soil Conservation and Management Research Interest Group (RIG), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hafizah Zakaria
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Teh Sabariah Abd Manan
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Ariff Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Maisarah Abdul Mutalib
- School of Graduate Studies, Management and Science University (MSU), Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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Li X, Deng P, Xu M, Peng Z, Zhou Y, Jia G, Ye W, Gao P, Wang W. Multi-layer core-shell metal oxide/nitride/carbon and its high-rate electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14439-14447. [PMID: 37642315 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02972g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia is both an alternative strategy to industrial Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis and a prospective idea for changing waste (nitrate pollution of groundwater around the world) into valuable chemicals, but still hindered by its in-process strongly competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), low ammonia conversion efficiency, and the absence of stability and sustainability. Considering the unique electronic structure of anti-perovskite structured Fe4N, a tandem disproportionation reaction and nitridation-carbonation route for building a multi-layer core-shell oxide/nitride/C catalyst, such as MoO2/Fe4N/C, is designed and executed, in which abundant Fe-N active sites and rich phase interfaces are in situ formed for both suppressing HER and fast transport of electrons and reaction intermediates. As a result, the sample's NO3RR conversion displays a very high NH3 yield rate of up to 11.10 molNH3 gcat.-1 h-1 (1.67 mmol cm-2 h-1) with a superior 99.3% faradaic efficiency and the highest half-cell energy efficiency of 30%, surpassing that of most previous reports. In addition, it is proved that the NO3RR assisted by the MoO2/Fe4N/C electrocatalyst can be carried out in 0.50-1.00 M KNO3 electrolyte at a pH value of 6-14 for a long time. These results guide the rational design of highly active, selective, and durable electrocatalysts based on anti-perovskite Fe4N for the NO3RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Ping Deng
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Mengqiu Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Zhenbo Peng
- Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Byproducts from Ethylene Project, Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Yuhu Zhou
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Gan Jia
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Wei Ye
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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12
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Kamani H, Hosseini A, Mohebi S, Keshtkar M, Mohammadpour A, Khodadadi N, Mohammadi L, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Evaluation of water quality of Chahnimeh as natural reservoirs from Sistan region in southwestern Iran: a Monte Carlo simulation and Sobol sensitivity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:65618-65630. [PMID: 37086314 PMCID: PMC10182938 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the water quality is essential because of the limitation of drinking water bodies and their significant effects on life. Recently, much scientific interest has been attracted to the ecological condition assessment of water resources. Because of numerous health issues connected to water quality, the present work aimed to define the water quality status of Chahnimeh reservoirs, Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran via the Iran Water Quality Index (IRWQISC), the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI), and human risk assessment. This cross-sectional descriptive work was accomplished in 4 seasons in 2020. The samples were gathered from 5 various points of Chahnimeh reservoirs. This study led to the results that the NSFWQI index was between 29.4 to 49.32, which showed "bad" quality, and the IRWQI index was between 19.27 and 39.23, which indicated "bad" and "relatively bad" quality. The best water quality based on both indexes was observed in the spring, and the worst was in the fall and summer. The highest value of HQ related to nitrate in drinking water was 1.60 in the group of children. However, according to the Monte Carlo simulation, HQ95% was estimated as 1.29. The Sobol sensitivity analysis of the first-order effect showed that daily water's daily ingestion rate (IR) was the most sensitive input. In addition, the value of the second-order effect indicated that the interaction effect of concentration-ingestion rate was the most sensitive input parameter for HQ. Therefore, regular monitoring is necessary to ensure water safety for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Kamani
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Hosseini
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mohebi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshtkar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Amin Mohammadpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | | | - Leili Mohammadi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 98167-43463, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka St, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland.
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13
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Zhang H, Li H, Ma M, Ma B, Liu H, Niu L, Zhao D, Ni T, Yang W, Yang Y. Nitrogen reduction by aerobic denitrifying fungi isolated from reservoirs using biodegradation materials for electron donor: Capability and adaptability in the lower C/N raw water treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161064. [PMID: 36565869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological denitrification was considered an efficient and environmentally friendly way to remove the nitrogen in the water body. However, biological denitrification showed poor nitrogen removal performance due to the lack of electron donors in the low C/N water. In this study, three novel aerobic denitrifying fungi (Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., and Fusarium sp.) were isolated and enhanced the performance of aerobic denitrification of fungi in low C/N water bodies combined with polylactic acid/polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PLA/PBAT). In this work, the aerobic denitrifying fungi seed were added to denitrifying liquid medium and mixed with PLA/PBAT. The result showed that Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., and Fusarium sp. could reduce 89.93 %, 89.20 %, and 87.76 % nitrate. Meanwhile, the nitrate removal efficiency adding PLA/PBAT exceeded 1.40, 1.68, and 1.46 times that of none. The results of material characterization suggested that aerobic denitrifying fungi have different abilities to secrete proteases or lipases to catalyze ester bonds in PLA/PBAT and utilize it as nutrients in denitrification, especially in Penicillium brasiliensis D6. Besides, the electron transport system activity and the intracellular ATP concentration were increased significantly after adding PLA/PBAT, especially in Penicillium brasiliensis D6. Finally, the highest removal efficiency of total nitrogen in landscape water by fungi combined with PLA/PBAT was >80 %. The findings of this work provide new insight into the possibility of nitrogen removal by fungi in low C/N and the recycling of degradable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Haiyun Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; An De College, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710311, China
| | - Manli Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Ben Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Hanyan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Limin Niu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Daijuan Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Tongchao Ni
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Wanqiu Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yansong Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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14
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Ohlert PL, Bach M, Breuer L. Accuracy assessment of inverse distance weighting interpolation of groundwater nitrate concentrations in Bavaria (Germany). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:9445-9455. [PMID: 36057700 PMCID: PMC9898373 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For the designation of nitrate vulnerable zones under the EU Nitrate Directive, some German federal states use inverse distance weighting (IDW) as interpolation method. Our study quantifies the accuracy of IDW with respect to the designation of areas with a groundwater nitrate concentration above the threshold of 50 mg NO3/l using a dataset of 5790 groundwater monitoring sites in Bavaria. The results show that the absolute differences of nitrate concentrations between the monitoring sites are only weakly correlated within a range of no more than 0.4 km. The IDW cross-validated nitrate concentration of measurement sites shows a mean absolute error of 7.0 mg NO3/l and the number of measurement sites above 50 mg NO3/l is 44% too low by interpolation for all sites as a whole. The corresponding values for interpolation separately for the 18 hydrogeological regions in Bavaria are 7.1 mg NO3/l and 38%. The sensitivity and the accuracy of nitrate concentration maps due to the variation of IDW parameters and the position of sampling points are analysed by Monte Carlo IDW interpolations using a Random Forest modelled map as reference spatial distribution. Compared to this reference map, the area with a concentration above 50 mg NO3/l in groundwater is estimated by IDW to be 46% too low for the best IDW parametrization. Overall, IDW interpolation systematically underrates the occurrence of higher range nitrate concentrations. In view of these underestimations, IDW does not appear to be a suitable regionalization method for the designation of nitrate vulnerable zones, neither when applied for a federal state as a whole nor when interpolated separately for hydrogeological regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Ohlert
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Bach
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Lutz Breuer
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Centre for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Senckenbergstrasse 3, 35390 Giessen, Germany
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15
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Sobol sensitivity analysis for non-carcinogenic health risk assessment and water quality index for Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Western Iran. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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16
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Zhang W, Zhu Y, Gu R, Liang Z, Xu W, Jat Baloch MY. Health Risk Assessment during In Situ Remediation of Cr(VI)-Contaminated Groundwater by Permeable Reactive Barriers: A Field-Scale Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013079. [PMID: 36293661 PMCID: PMC9603126 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence of residual Cr(VI) in soils causes groundwater contamination in aquifers, affecting the health of exposed populations. Initially, permeable reactive barriers(PRB) effectively removed Cr(VI) from groundwater. However, as PRB clogging increased and Cr(VI) was released from upstream soils, the contamination plume continued to spread downstream. By 2020, the level of contamination in the downstream was nearly identical to that in the upstream. The study results show that during normal operation, the PRB can successfully remove Cr(VI) from contaminated groundwater and reduce the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to humans from the downstream side of groundwater. However, the remediated groundwater still poses an unacceptable risk to human health. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the concentration of the pollutant was the most sensitive parameter and interacted significantly with other factors. Ultimately, it was determined that the residual Cr(VI) in the soil of the study region continues to contaminate the groundwater and constitutes a serious health danger to residents in the vicinity. As remediated groundwater still poses a severe threat to human health, PRB may not be as effective as people believe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-057163743312
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ruiting Gu
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhentian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Chemical Geological Prospecting Institute of Liaoning Province Co., Ltd., Jinzhou 121007, China
| | - Muhammad Yousuf Jat Baloch
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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17
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Yan K, Li W, Wu S. Dietary exposure and risk assessment of European Union priority (EU 15+1) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from milks and milk powders in China. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:6536-6547. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Mukherjee I, Singh UK, Chakma S. Evaluation of groundwater quality for irrigation water supply using multi-criteria decision-making techniques and GIS in an agroeconomic tract of Lower Ganga basin, India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 309:114691. [PMID: 35168134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater irrigation has evolved the monocropping cultivation pattern to multi-cropping, especially in many arid/semi-arid tracts globally. Irrigation practices with the groundwater of poor quality can limit the selection of the crop, reduce crop yields and degrade the soil quality. The present study has been undertaken to identify the hydrogeochemical phenomena of groundwater systems in the south-western Birbhum district, India and to analyze groundwater suitability for irrigation during the pre-and post-monsoon cycles by adopting the Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) using Multivariate Factor Analysis along with some traditional methods viz. sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percentage, magnesium hazards, residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC) and carbonate (RSC), Wilcox's and USSL diagrams, permeability index and Kelly's index. The hydrogeochemical analysis revealed that chemical weathering and evaporation are predominant in the aquifer systems. Groundwater quality reflected soil salinity, sodicity and magnesium hazards risks and water toxicity to the sensitive plants at 0-46.4% of the post-monsoon samples and 0-38.4% of the pre-monsoon samples based on the individual traditional methods whereas about 97.73-98.88% of the total area was classified as moderate to severely unsuitable for irrigation during both seasons when integrated multiple parameters using the IWQI method. Prolonged use of such groundwater for irrigation is susceptible to causing moderate to severe infiltration problems at a greater extent of the study area. The study recommends adaptation of salinity, sodicity and RSC/RSBC reduction procedures (e.g., the use of acid and gypsum amendments in the irrigation lands and through water blending) and advanced irrigation practices (viz. drips, sprinklers and micro irrigations) to prevent soil degradation and increase crops productivity. Adopting Managed Aquifer Recharge procedures as well as rainwater harvesting in the areas bearing unsuitable water quality can dilute the ionic concentrations of the groundwater facies which in turn will improve the groundwater quality for irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Mukherjee
- Integrated Science Education and Research Centre (ISERC), Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, Birbhum, 731235, West Bengal, India.
| | - Umesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India
| | - Sankar Chakma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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19
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Mukherjee I, Singh UK. Hydrogeochemical characterizations and quality evaluation of groundwater in the major river basins of a geologically and anthropogenically driven semi-arid tract of India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150323. [PMID: 34818806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Access to clean drinking water has been acknowledged as a human right and assessing the hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality status plays an important role in proving cleaner and safer water for human consumption. This study evaluated the sources and driving factors of the groundwater facies in the five major river basins (viz. Ajay, Mayurakshi, Kopai, Brahmani and Dwarka) of an agroeconomic semi-arid Indian tract through hydrogeochemical and principal component analyses based on 2200 groundwater samples (Ns = 2200) obtained during the pre- and post-monsoon cycles from 1100 wells (Nw = 1100). The results revealed that minerals weathering, ion/reverse ion exchange, mixing and evaporation processes along with anthropogenic inputs are responsible for the deteriorated groundwater quality of the river basins. The study has considered the cokriging approach that uses geostatistical and multivariate statistical techniques to interpolate a dataset. To determine the spatio-seasonal variabilities of the groundwater facies more accurately, the estimation accuracies of different interpolation techniques viz. inverse distance weighting, kriging/cokriging and splines techniques were compared and kriging/cokriging was found to represent the variability more accurately. Shannon's entropy theory was employed to assess the groundwater quality of the river basins as it eliminates the subjective bias and inherent uncertainties of the groundwater systems. Groundwater in ~37.45-38.42% of the total area was moderate to extremely poor for human consumption where 10.40-12.14%, 9.09-12.40%, 21.18-22.35%, 15.20-19.93% and 6.48-8.80% samples from the Ajay (Nw = 175), Brahmani (Nw = 175), Dwarka (Nw = 180), Kopai (Nw = 350) and Mayurakshi (Nw = 220) river basins exhibited unfit to drink water quality. The sensitivity of the water quality model was analyzed to identify the influences of the individual parameters which revealed that the outcome does not depend solely on one parameter. The study recommends adaptation of the treatment techniques to ensure clean drinking water for the residents. Managed aquifer recharge techniques might also improve the groundwater quality in certain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Mukherjee
- Integrated Science Education and Research Centre (ISERC), Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, Birbhum 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Umesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya 824236, Bihar, India.
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20
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Mukherjee I, Singh UK. Exploring a variance decomposition approach integrated with the Monte Carlo method to evaluate groundwater fluoride exposure on the residents of a typical fluorosis endemic semi-arid tract of India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111697. [PMID: 34358509 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study appraised the groundwater fluoride (F-) endemicity and the exposure levels under the Central Tendency Exposure (CTE) condition and the Reasonable Maximum Exposure (RME) condition on the residents of the semi-arid parts of the Birbhum district of Peninsular India using a Variance Decomposition (Sobol Sensitivity Indices) approach combined with Monte Carlo Simulations. The study finds the national scale drinking water standard limit for F- (1.5 mg L-1) is inappropriate for the present survey area where F- concentration in groundwater varied between 0.26 and 11.82 mg L-1 and ~54.5% of the samples (N = 400) exceeded this limit. Therefore, estimated the optimum F- concentration of 0.733 mg L-1 for the region using the method recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to calculate the optimum F- limit at a regional scale. The average value of F- concentrations for this region (1.71 mg L-1) is considerably higher than the estimated optimum concentration or even the maximum permissible limits recommended for the subtropical regions (0.5-0.7 mg L-1). The exposure analysis revealed the infants and children as potentially vulnerable populations compared to adolescents and adults of the study area for CTE and RME scenarios. The multi-exposure pathways indicated oral intake as the main exposure pathway whereas exposure through dermal contact was insignificant for the residents of all age groups of this region. Based on the first, second and total order Sobol Sensitivity Indices, F- concentration (C) in groundwater, the groundwater ingestion rate and their combined interaction are the greatest significant parameters for the oral exposure model whereas C and its interaction effects with the proportion of the skin surface area in contact with groundwater as the utmost sensitive variables for the dermal health risks assessment model. The present study insists the inhabitants to intake defluoridated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Mukherjee
- Integrated Science Education and Research Centre (ISERC), Institute of Science, Visva- Bharati, Santiniketan-731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
| | - Umesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India.
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21
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Wang C, Zhou H, Kuang X, Hao Y, Shan J, Chen J, Li L, Feng Y, Zou Y, Zheng Y. Water quality and health risk assessment of the water bodies in the Yamdrok-tso basin, southern Tibetan Plateau. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113740. [PMID: 34530362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water resources in good quality guarantee the primary condition for the maintenance and development of the natural ecosystem and human society. Water quality status and health risk of the lake water bodies in the national nature reserve, the Yamdrok-tso basin, in the southern Tibetan Plateau are assessed by 25 water parameters including 12 heavy metal(loid)s. Results reveal that the lake water bodies possess relatively high pH (9.68), high concentrations of F (1.66 mg/L), Cu (13.92 μg/L), As (41.60 μg/L), Pb (26.69 μg/L), and U (19.53 μg/L), and a low value of dissolved oxygen (19.30%). The pollution indices (heavy metal pollution index of 0.88-22.88, heavy metal evaluation index of 0.18-3.75, and the degree of contamination of -8.82 to -5.25) demonstrate that the lake water bodies are in a low pollution level with respect to heavy metal(loid)s. The evaluation of water quality based on the fuzzy comprehensive assessment method suggests that 75.56% of the water samples meet the regulation of the China National Standard for water resources in national nature reserves. Health risk assessment shows that potential hazards exist on this region when the residents under long-term exposure to the lake water through oral and dermal pathways, of which children and adults are mostly exposed to As and F for non-carcinogenic and As for carcinogenic risks, especially for children. Results of this study contribute to targeted water resources management in the national nature reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingxing Kuang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Municipal Engineering Lab of Environmental IoT Technologies, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yinlei Hao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jipeng Shan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling'en Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiguang Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Municipal Engineering Lab of Environmental IoT Technologies, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
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