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Zhao HX, Zhang S, Zhang TY, Zhu YP, Pan RJ, Xu MY, Zheng ZX, Hu CY, Tang YL, Xu B. Comparison of four pre-oxidants coupled powdered activated carbon adsorption for odor compounds and algae removal: Kinetics, process optimization, and formation of disinfection byproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168920. [PMID: 38029977 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Pre-oxidation and powdered activate carbon (PAC) are usually used to remove algae and odorants in drinking waterworks. However, the influence of interaction between oxidants and PAC on the treatment performance are scarcely known. This study systematically investigated the combination schemes of four oxidants (KMnO4, NaClO, ClO2, and O3) and PAC on the inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa cells and removal of four frequently detected odorants in raw water (diethyl disulfide (DEDS), 2,2'-oxybis(1chloropropane) (DCIP), 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM)). O3 showed highest pseudo-first-order removal rate for all four compounds and NaClO exhibited highest inactivation rates for the cell viability and Chlorophyll a (Chl-a). The Freundlich model fitted well for the adsorption of DEDS and DCIP by PAC. When treated by combined oxidation/PAC, the removal ratio of algae cells and odorants were lower (at least 1.6 times) than the sum of removal ratios obtained in oxidation or PAC adsorption alone. Among these four oxidants, the highest synchronous control efficiency of odorants (52 %) and algae (66 %) was achieved by NaClO/PAC. Prolonging the dosage time interval promoted the removal rates. The pre-PAC/post-oxidation processes possessed comparable efficiency for the removal of odorants and algae cells comparing with pre-oxidation/post-PAC process, but significantly inhibited formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), especially for the formation of C-DBPs (for NaClO and ClO2), bromate (for O3) and chlorate/chlorite (for ClO2). This study could provide a better understanding of improving in-situ operation of the combined pre-treatments of oxidation and PAC for source water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Xuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Tian-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Yi-Ping Zhu
- Shanghai Chengtou Raw Water Limited Company, Shanghai 200125, PR China
| | - Ren-Jie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Meng-Yuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zheng-Xiong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Chen-Yan Hu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Assefa E, Jabasingh A, Mulugeta E, Dessalegne M, Teju E. Impact of source water quality on total organic carbon and trihalomethane removal efficiency in a water treatment plant: A case study of Upper Awash, Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2024; 22:337-349. [PMID: 38421628 PMCID: wh_2024_276 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses the limited understanding of factors affecting the efficiency of water treatment plants in reducing trihalomethane (THM) formation through total organic carbon (TOC) removal, highlighting significant challenges in improving treatment effectiveness. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of water quality on the efficiency of water treatment plants to remove TOC and reduce THM formation. Linear regression and correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between water quality parameters and THM concentrations. The results showed that there was a negative relationship between turbidity, metals, and TOC concentration with TOC removal efficiency. Positive correlations were found between parameters and the formation of THMs in water. Of these parameters, water temperature was observed to have relatively less influence on THM formation. It was observed that seasonal variations in water quality affect the efficiency of TOC removal and THM content in treated water. THM levels in chlorinated water were found to be within the permissible range of the World Health Organization's drinking water quality guidelines. However, it is still important to maintain continuous monitoring and take measures to reduce THMs. The model demonstrated a strong correlation (R2 = 0.906) between predicted and measured THM values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeru Assefa
- Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia E-mail:
| | - Anuradha Jabasingh
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eyobel Mulugeta
- Bio and Emerging Technology Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Dessalegne
- Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Endale Teju
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
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Rocha MF, Vieira Magalhães-Ghiotto GA, Bergamasco R, Gomes RG. Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in the environment and water intakes: Reports, diversity of congeners, detection by mass spectrometry and their impact on health. Toxicon 2024; 238:107589. [PMID: 38160739 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are aquatic microorganisms of high interest for research due to the production of secondary metabolites, among which the most popular are cyanotoxins, responsible for causing severe poisoning in humans and animals through ingestion or contact with contaminated water bodies. Monitoring the number of cyanobacteria in water and concentrations of secreted cyanotoxins with the aid of sensitive and reliable methods is considered the primary action for evaluating potentially toxic blooms. There is a great diversity of methods to detect and identify these types of micro contaminants in water, differing by the degree of sophistication and information provided. Mass Spectrometry stands out for its accuracy and sensitivity in identifying toxins, making it possible to identify and characterize toxins produced by individual species of cyanobacteria, in low quantities. In this review, we seek to update some information about cyanobacterial peptides, their effects on biological systems, and the importance of the main Mass Spectrometry methods used for detection, extraction, identification and monitoring of cyanotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fernandes Rocha
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Grace Anne Vieira Magalhães-Ghiotto
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Bergamasco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technology Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel Guttierres Gomes
- Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
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4
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Elnahas M, Elawwad A, Ghallab A, Ettouney R, El-Rifai M. An integrated MDC-FO membrane configuration for simultaneous desalination, wastewater treatment and energy recovery. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17038-17050. [PMID: 37288372 PMCID: PMC10243461 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel microbial desalination cell (MDC) configuration was developed by introducing a forward osmosis (FO) membrane, separating the cathode chamber from a fourth extra chamber. Wastewater is treated using a sequential anode-cathode feed. The new chamber then serves as a FO draw chamber, where a saline solution is used to recover freshwater from the adjacent cathode chamber. The diluted saline solution then goes to the MDC middle chamber for further desalination. Three identical cells were constructed and operated in cyclic-batch-flow mode at different initial wastewater and saline solution concentrations. Up to 84.8 ± 1.7% of the wastewater was recovered as freshwater. Freshwater recovery decreases at lower salt concentrations and higher wastewater COD concentrations due to the lower osmotic pressure difference. Salinity of saline water was decreased by up to 69.57 ± 3.85% at the highest initial salinity. COD removal up to 94.42 ± 4.15% was reached. COD removal rates were higher at higher COD concentrations. Polarization curves show the effect of COD on the internal resistance, where cells operated at lower COD experienced higher internal resistance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed the extent of fouling on the ion exchange membrane and biofilm formation on the FO membranes and the electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Elnahas
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Cairo University St. Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Abdelsalam Elawwad
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Cairo University St. Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Ayat Ghallab
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Cairo University St. Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Reem Ettouney
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Cairo University St. Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Rifai
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Cairo University St. Giza 12613 Egypt
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5
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Wang X, Qian Y, Chen Y, Liu F, An D, Yang G, Dai R. Application of fluorescence spectra and molecular weight analysis in the identification of algal organic matter-based disinfection by-product precursors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163589. [PMID: 37087012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Algal organic matter (AOM) is considered to be threatening for the consumption of disinfectants and the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during the disinfection process. Incompatible parameters in the conventional pretreatment of algal-laden water will lead to counterproductive results, such as AOM release. Therefore, the generation of AOM and its conversion to DBPs during pretreatment should be observed. The characteristics of DBPs from extracellular organic matter (EOM) and intracellular organic matter (IOM) were epitomized and simulation experiments were conducted in deionized (DI) water and source water under pretreatment conditions. Differences in DBP formation between the different backgrounds during chlorination and powdered activated carbon (PAC) treatment were investigated. Instead of monotonous excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra, molecular weight (MW) fractionation was simultaneously applied to elucidate the mechanisms of chlorination and PAC adsorption on AOM-based DBPs. The fluorescence regional integration (FRI) EEM results showed a clear correlation between the fluorescent properties and MW distribution of AOM. A decreasing trend was observed after a rapid increase in fluorescence intensity during the chlorination and PAC treatment of water samples in the simulation experiments in deionized (DI) water and source water. The DBP formation potential (FP) in the source water was consistent with the change in AOM during chlorination and PAC adsorption. In addition, EEM showed decent predictability of AOM-based trihalomethanes (THM) FPs (R2 = 0.77-0.99) invoking a combination with MW fractionation. Macromolecular protein compounds were highly correlated with the formation of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) (R2 = 0.89-0.98). These post-mortems results imply that EEM spectra are a useful tool for identifying AOM-based precursors to reveal the accurate environmental fate and risk assessments of AOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, PR China
| | - Yunkun Qian
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, PR China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, PR China; Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Dong An
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Guodong Yang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, PR China
| | - Ruihua Dai
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, PR China
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Yang S, Cheng Q, Hu L, Gu Y, Wang Y, Liu Z. Study on the Adsorption Properties of Oxalic Acid-Modified Cordierite Honeycomb Ceramics for Neutral Red Dyes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11457-11466. [PMID: 37008113 PMCID: PMC10061635 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Removal of organic dyes from water by monolithic adsorbents is considered as an efficient and no-secondary pollution method. Herein, for the first time cordierite honeycomb ceramics (COR) treated with oxalic acid (CORA) were synthesized. This CORA exhibits outstanding removal efficiency toward the azo neutral red dyes (NR) from water. After optimizing the reaction conditions, the highest adsorption capacity of 7.35 mg·g-1 and a removal rate of 98.89% could be achieved within 300 min. Furthermore, investigation of the adsorption kinetics indicated this adsorption process could be described as a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with k 2 and q e of 0.0114 g·mg-1·min-1 and 6.94 mg·g-1, respectively. According to the fitting calculation, the adsorption isotherm could also be described as the Freundlich isotherm model. The removal efficiency could be maintained above 50% after 4 cycles, negating the need for toxic organic solvent extraction, offering a method for bringing the technology one step closer to industrial application and giving CORA promising potential in practical water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Yang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Qingyan Cheng
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Liangyan Hu
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yunhan Gu
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yanji Wang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Zhenfa Liu
- Institute
of Energy Sources, Hebei Academy of Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050081, China
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7
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Yin J, Fang K, Li J, Du N, Hu D, Cao D, Tian R, Deng L, Li K. Competitive adsorption mechanisms of pigments in sugarcane juice on starch-based magnetic nanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123134. [PMID: 36657548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The pigments in sugarcane result the crystallised sucrose appears unsatisfactorily yellow. In this study, cationic tapioca starch (CTS)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (CTS@Fe3O4) were synthesized and used as adsorbents for the removal of undesirable pigments. The adsorption properties of CTS@Fe3O4 were investigated by a sugarcane juice colorant model consisting of caffeic acid (CA), gallic acid (GA) and melanoidin (ME). The equilibrium adsorption capacities of CTS@Fe3O4 for CA, GA, and ME were 185, 160 and 580 mg g-1 at the optimal conditions (60, 60 and 180 mg L-1 initial concentrations, respectively; 0.3 mg mL-1 CTS@Fe3O4 dosage, 313 K temperature, and pH value of 7). The adsorption process was described well by second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models with a high fitting correlation coefficient approaching 1, suggesting that the pigments formed a surface monolayer with a homogenously distributed adsorption energy and was mainly dominated by chemisorption. The thermodynamic parameters (Gibbs free energy <0, enthalpy >0, and entropy >0) revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. For the binary system, the competitive adsorption between pigments was primarily antagonistic. The speed of adsorption was the main factor affecting competitive adsorption, and the additional adsorption force reduced the effects of coexisting adsorbates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyu Yin
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kun Fang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metallic and Featured Materials Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Nan Du
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Dongbin Hu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Danyu Cao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Run Tian
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ligao Deng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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8
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Zhou H, Tian L, Ni M, Zhu S, Zhang R, Wang L, Wang M, Wang Z. Effect of dissolved organic matter and its fractions on disinfection by-products formation upon karst surface water. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136324. [PMID: 36084825 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, disinfection by-products (DBP) formation from dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its fractions, including both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, were investigated at a typical karst surface water. The subsequent DBP formation potential was evaluated by deducing chemical characteristics of DOM fractions and representative algal organic matter (Chlorella sp. AOM) under the influence of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) via spectra analysis. Both terrigenous and autochthonous DOM performed as critical DBP precursors, and DBP formation patterns were tightly correlated to organic matter chemical variations. DBP formation was significantly higher in drought period compared to that in wet period (P < 0.05). Particularly, trichloromethane (TCM) and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) showed distinct formation patterns compared to the scenarios in non-karst water. For DOM fractions, hydrophobic components showed higher DBP formation compared to hydrophilic counterparts, hydrophilic neutral enriched more reactive organic nitrogen for N-DBPs production. It was preferable to enrich humic-like substances after Ca2+ and Mg2+complexation in Chlorella sp. AOM, TCM formation increased whereas DCAN production remained unchanged in the presence of divalent ions. This study innovatively provided a linkage between chemical characteristics of DOM and understanding of DBP formation in karst surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Liye Tian
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Maofei Ni
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Sixi Zhu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Runyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550009, China
| | - Liying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550009, China
| | - Ming Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhikang Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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9
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Zhu J, Stuetz RM, Hamilton L, Power K, Crosbie ND, Tamburic B. Management of biogenic taste and odour: From source water, through treatment processes and distribution systems, to consumers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116225. [PMID: 36115245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic taste and odour (T&O) have become a global concern for water utilities, due to the increasing frequency of algal blooms and other microbial events arising from the combined effects of climate change and eutrophication. Microbially-produced T&O compounds impact source waters, drinking water treatment plants, and drinking water distribution systems. It is important to manage across the entire biogenic T&O pathway to identify key risk factors and devise strategies that will safeguard the quality of drinking water in a changing world, since the presence of T&O impacts consumer confidence in drinking water safety. This study provides a critical review of current knowledge on T&O-causing microbes and compounds for proactive management, including the identification of abiotic risk factors in source waters, a discussion on the effectiveness of existing T&O barriers in drinking water treatment plants, an analysis of risk factors for biofilm growth in water distribution systems, and an assessment of the impacts of T&O on consumers. The fate of biogenic T&O in drinking water systems is tracked from microbial production pathways, through the release of intracellular T&O by cell lysis, to the treatment of microbial cells and dissolved T&O. Based on current knowledge, five impactful research and management directions across the T&O pathway are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhu
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard M Stuetz
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Kaye Power
- Sydney Water Corporation, Parramatta, NSW, 2150, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Crosbie
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia; Melbourne Water Corporation, Docklands, VIC, 3008, Australia
| | - Bojan Tamburic
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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10
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Pressurized liquid extraction coupled in-line with SPE and on-line with HPLC (PLE-SPExHPLC) for the recovery and purification of anthocyanins from SC-CO2 semi-defatted Açaí (Euterpe oleracea). Food Res Int 2022; 160:111711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Wang Q, Luo L, Huang N, Wang W, Rong Y, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Xu A, Xiong J, Wu Q, Hu H. Evolution of low molecular weight organic compounds during ultrapure water production process: A pilot-scale study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154713. [PMID: 35337873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the evolution of low molecular weight organic compounds in ultrapure water (UPW) production using a pilot-scale UPW production system and an ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis (UF-RO) system. During UPW production, a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiency of 99.4% was achieved with a feedwater DOC level of 1.42 mg/L. The pretreatment, make-up, and polishing stages accounted for 85.3%, 13.7%, and 0.4% of DOC removal, respectively. Urea, trichloromethane, and dibromochloromethane persisted throughout UPW production process, contributing 24.7%, 9.2%, and 22.6%, respectively, to the final effluent DOC level of 8.1 μg/L. The pretreatment and make-up stages of the UPW production process could remove N-nitrosodimethylamine, chloral hydrate, dichloroacetonitrile, and tribromomethane. The UF-RO system could remove approximately 90% of DOC. However, the proportion of halogenated disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the DOC increased by 1.4-4.5 times in the RO effluents. RO could completely reject haloacetaldehydes. However, RO could not completely remove trichloromethane, tribromomethane, bromodichloromethane, and dibromoacetonitrile, which remained the main halogenated DBPs in the RO effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liwei Luo
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuzhou Rong
- China Electronics System Engineering NO. 2 Construction Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, Wuxi 214135, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ao Xu
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Jiangsu, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Jianglei Xiong
- China Electronics System Engineering NO. 2 Construction Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, Wuxi 214135, China
| | - Qianyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Adsorbents Used for Microcystin Removal from Water Sources: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria in water sources, driven by climate change and eutrophication, is of great concern worldwide today. Cyanobacterial blooms can negatively affect water bodies and generate harmful secondary metabolites, namely microcystins (MCs), which significantly impair water quality. Various adsorbents used for MC removal from water sources were assessed in this investigation. Activated carbon constitutes the most widely used adsorbent for treating contaminated waters due to its high affinity for adsorbing MCs. Alternative adsorbents have also been proposed and reported to provide higher efficiency, but the studies carried out so far in this regard are still insufficient. The mechanisms implicated in MC adsorption upon different adsorbents should be further detailed for a better optimization of the adsorption process. Certainly, adsorbent characteristics, water pH and temperature are the main factors influencing the adsorption of MCs. In this context, optimization studies must be performed considering the effectiveness, economic aspects associated with each adsorbent. This review provides guidelines for more practical field applications of the adsorption in the treatment of waters actually contaminated with MCs.
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13
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Phinyothanmakorn N, Prasert T, Ngernyen Y, Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi S, Phungsai P. Characterization of molecular dissolved organic matter removed by modified eucalyptus-based biochar and disinfection by-product formation potential using Orbitrap mass spectrometric analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153299. [PMID: 35074379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is an alternative adsorbent, with similar characteristics to activated carbon, that can be applied to water treatment to remove dissolved organic matter (DOM) as disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors with comparable efficiency and better cost-effectiveness and sustainability relative to commercial alternatives. We applied non-targeted analysis with Orbitrap mass spectrometry to investigate changes in molecular DOM and DBP formation after treating DOM-containing water with biochar. Two surface water sources, Phong River (PR) in Khon Kaen, Thailand and Suwannee river (SR), USA, were tested using three types of eucalyptus-derived biochar (i.e., KOH-modified, calcined, and both) were selected as adsorbents and compared to commercial coconut-based activated carbon (ccAC). The results showed that calcination increased the surface area, pore volume, and functional groups of biochar responsible for adsorption. The calcined biochar achieved higher DOC removal efficiencies for both rivers than other adsorbents. PR contains more adsorbable DOM as over 800 molecules with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO) features that were decreased or totally removed by all adsorbents. In contrast, for SR treatment, KOH-modified and calcined biochar was found to decrease over 800 CHO features, compared to around 500 and 400 CHO features for calcined biochar and ccAC, respectively. However, numerous background CHO features with reduced character (i.e., low degree of oxidation) were found after water treatment by calcined biochar, resulting in higher DBP formation after chlorination compared to the other adsorbents. The results of this study have important implications for future preparation of biochar for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruemon Phinyothanmakorn
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thirawit Prasert
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Yuvarat Ngernyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sumana Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Phanwatt Phungsai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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14
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Chantarasrisuriyawong T, Prasert T, Yuthawong V, Phungsai P. Changes in molecular dissolved organic matter and disinfection by-product formation during granular activated carbon filtration by unknown screening analysis with Orbitrap mass spectrometry. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:118039. [PMID: 34999315 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The minimization of disinfection by-product (DBP) formation by the removal of its precursors before water disinfection is a highly effective approach. Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration is widely used for water treatment, but our understanding of molecular dissolved organic matter (DOM) remains insufficient. This research investigates the removal of DOM and the minimization of DBP formation by pilot-scale coal- and coconut-based granular activated carbon filtrations (coAC and ccAC, respectively) using unknown screening analysis with Orbitrap mass spectrometry. DOM adsorption rates by both GACs were fitted with pseudo-second order models with initial adsorption rates of 0.005 mg g-1 min-1 and 0.022 mg g-1 min-1 for ccAC and coAC, respectively. Based on observations, ccAC was more effective in the removal of dissolved organic carbon and prolonged adsorption longer than coAC, as the breakthrough of coAC was found on Day 10. ccAC removed compounds with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO features) with a wide range of oxidation states, as indicated by the carbon oxidation state (Cos), and a wide range of unsaturation, as indicated by oxygen subtracted double bond equivalent per carbon ([DBE-O]/C), while coAC selectively removed only those CHO features with less oxidized characters. Less oxidized compounds (low Cos) were preferentially removed with less contact time, while more oxidized compounds needed more contact time to adsorb on the GACs. A biofilm was developed on Day 60, and many CHO features were found to have increased after GAC treatment on Day 60, indicating the formation of microbial products. Chlorination resulted in a decrease in many CHO and CHO with Cl atom (CHOCl) features and the formation of CHOCl DBPs more than CHO DBP features. ccAC was effective in the minimization of trihalomethane (THM) and CHOCl DBP feature formations on Day 10 and Day 60, while coAC was found to be much less effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thirawit Prasert
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Vitharuch Yuthawong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Phanwatt Phungsai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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15
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Zhao Z, Sun W, Ray MB. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics for the removal of algal organic matter by granular activated carbon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150885. [PMID: 34634354 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal algal blooms in surface water release a significant amount of algal organic matter (AOM), which alters the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM). AOM affects the drinking water treatment processes and finished water quality. In this study, the relative removal efficiency of AOM and humic acid by granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption was determined. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the adsorption capacity of GAC, which varied from 4.235-31.45 mg/g for AOM originated from different algae. Freundlich isotherm models fitted the adsorption equilibrium data, and the adsorption kinetics data were fitted well using a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The calculated thermodynamics parameters (∆G0, ∆H0 and ∆S0) indicated that GAC adsorption for DOM removal was endothermic and spontaneous in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Zhao
- Luoyang R&D Center of Technology, SINOPEC Engineering (Group) Co., Ltd, Henan 471003, China; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Wenjun Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Madhumita B Ray
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada.
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