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Wang W, Zhang J, Li L, Zheng T. Evaluation of packing materials for thermophilic biofilter by refined evaluation scheme and application in the treatment of SO 2 with high temperature. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119265. [PMID: 37837765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The selection of packing materials is essential to maintaining biofilter performance in waste gas treatment. In this study, 12 types of packing materials were evaluated to determine the most suitable for the SO2 removal by a thermophilic biofilter. Scanning electron microscopy and the Baunauer-Emmett-Teller equation were utilized to identify the texture of the tested packing materials, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were applied to analyze the surface functional groups and crystal structures, respectively. Characteristics were accompanied by economic considerations. Results showed that the polyurethane sponge had better porous structure and water retention than other packing materials. In terms of microbial growth and carrier economy, it was chosen for the biofilter used to treat SO2. The performance of a full-scale thermophilic biofilter with polyurethane sponge as the packing material was investigated for the purification of SO2-containing gases at an inlet temperature of 55 °C. The biofilter effectively removed SO2 at an average removal rate of 93.36%. Thermophilic bacteria and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, e.g., Bacillus thermophilus, could attached growth on the surface of selected packing materials and exhibited degradation activity. This study provides an effective and feasible method of packing material selection for biological waste gas treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Tianlong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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2
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Chen S, Sun X, Tian X, Jiang W, Dong X, Li L. Influence of ammonia nitrogen management strategies on microbial communities in biofloc-based aquaculture systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166159. [PMID: 37572910 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Controlling ammonia nitrogen is very important in intensive aquaculture. This study evaluated how different management strategies, i.e., chemoautotrophic (control), heterotrophic bacterial enhancement using carbon in glucose or polyhydroxy butyrate-hydroxy valerate (PHBV), and mature biofloc application, affect water quality and microbial community structure and composition. The management strategies were examined during the domestication and fish culture stages. In the domestication stage, the average NO2--N concentration, pH, and DO in the glucose-added groups were significantly lower than those in the control and PHBV groups. All water quality parameters differed significantly among treatment groups in the culture stage. Carbon additions decreased both bacterial richness and diversity in the fish culture stage. Both principal coordinate analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the 33 bacteria community samples from the two stages into four clusters, which were closely related to management strategy. The dominant taxa of the clusters were identified using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). The biomarkers of Cluster I included Marinomonas, Photobacterium, and Vibrio. Porticoccus and Clade-1a were identified as the biomarkers of Cluster II. Marivia, Leucothrix, and Phaeodactylibacter were identified as the biomarkers of Cluster IV. The Cluster I biomarkers were positively correlated with NO2--N, while those of Cluster IV were positively correlated with NO3--N. The redundancy analysis showed that the bacterial communities and biomarkers were influenced by water quality parameters. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed significant differences in the abundances of the amoA and nxrB genes among treatments and between the two stages. The abundance of the amoA gene was higher in the control group than in the carton-added treatments at the ends of both stages. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the selection of efficient ammonia nitrogen control strategies in aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xueqian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xiangli Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wenwen Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Xuan Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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3
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Miao L, Chai W, Luo D, Adyel TM, Wu J, Kong M, Wang W, Hou J. Effects of released organic components of solid carbon sources on denitrification performance and the related mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 389:129805. [PMID: 37769975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Here, a hybrid scaffold of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate (PVA/SA) was used to prepare solid carbon sources (SCSs) for treating low carbon/nitrogen wastewater. The four SCSs were divided into two groups, biodegradable polymers group (including polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate (PS) and PS-PHBV (PP), and blended SCSs (PS-PHBV-wood chips (PPW) and PS-PHBV-wheat straw (PPS)). After the leaching experiments, no changes occurred in elemental composition and functional groups of the SCSs, and the released dissolved organic matter showed a lower degree of humification and higher content of labile molecules in the blended SCSs groups using EEM and FT-ICR-MS. The denitrification performance of the blended SCSs was higher, with nitrate removal efficiency over 84%. High-throughput sequencing confirmed PPW had the highest alpha-diversity, and the microbial community structure significantly varied among SCSs. Results of functional enzymes and genes show the released carbon components directly affect the NADH level and electron transfer efficiency, ultimately influencing denitrification performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wenyun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Tibet Research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, No. 26, Jinzhu Middle Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa 850030, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | | | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Wanzhong Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Si C, Wang S, Chen Z, Hu G, Zhao X, Sun P, Zhang Q, Jiang W. Enhanced denitrification using high-molecular-weight poly(lactic acid) blended with lactide as an effective carbon source. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129542. [PMID: 37482201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of wasted Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as low-cost carbon sources in solid-phase denitrification is hindered by its low biodegradability, which can be attributed to its high molecular weight. This study presents a new approach by blending high-molecular-weight PLA with a small amount of ʟ-lactide (PLA/LAx) to treat nitrate-contaminated wastewater. The addition of ʟ-lactide enhanced the release of carbon from high-molecular-weight PLA. An impressive denitrification efficiency of 96.7% was achieved, accompanied by extremely low levels of accumulated NO2--N (0.1 mg/L) and NH4+-N (0.4 mg/L). The quantity of ʟ-lactide used significantly impacted the bacterial community structure. A high abundance of the phyla Bacteroidota and Chloroflexi associated with polymer degradation was observed. The most dominant denitrifier was the genus unclassified_f__Rhodocyclaceae belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria. This study demonstrates that blending PLA with just 5 wt% lactide can transform it into a highly effective solid-phase carbon source to eliminate nitrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Si
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guoming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuanying Zhao
- Jiangsu Nanda Huaxing Science and Technology of Environmental Protection Co. Ltd, Yancheng 224001, China
| | - Ping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Quanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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5
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Zhu X, Liu X, Wang B, Wang X. Sodium hydroxide or tetramethylammonium hydroxide modified corncob combined with biodegradable polymers to prepare slow-release carbon source for wastewater denitrification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 384:129304. [PMID: 37311524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed a method to improve the bioavailability of artificially prepared carbon sources for the purpose of wastewater denitrification. This carbon source (named SPC) was prepared by mixing corncobs with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), where the corncobs were pretreated by NaOH or TMAOH. The results of compositional analysis and FTIR showed that both NaOH and TMAOH degraded lignin, hemicellulose and their connection bonds in corncob, thus increased the cellulose content from 39% to 53% and 55%, respectively. The cumulative carbon release from SPC was about 9.3 mg/g and was consistent with both the first-order kinetic and Ritger-Peppas equation. The released organic matters contained low concentration of refractory components. Correspondingly, it showed excellent denitrification performance in simulated wastewater, and the total nitrogen (TN) removal rate was above 95% (influent NO3--N was 40 mg/L) and effluent residual chemical oxygen demand (COD) was less than 50 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobiao Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinting Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Qinhuangdao Bohai Biological Research Institute, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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6
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Chen Z, Zuo Q, Liu C, Li L, Deliz Quiñones KY, He Q. Insights into solid phase denitrification in wastewater tertiary treatment: the role of solid carbon source in carbon biodegradation and heterotrophic denitrification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128838. [PMID: 36898568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The practical application of solid phase denitrification (SPD) was hindered by either poor water quality from natural plant-like materials or high cost of pure synthetic biodegradable polymers. In this study, by combining polycaprolactone (PCL) with new natural materials (peanut shell, sugarcane bagasse), two novel economical solid carbon sources (SCSs) named as PCL/PS and PCL/SB were developed. Pure PCL and PCL/TPS (PCL with thermal plastic starch) were supplied as controls. During the 162-day operation, especially in the shortest HRT (2 h), higher NO3--N removal was achieved by PCL/PS (87.60%±0.06%) and PCL/SB (87.93%±0.05%) compared to PCL (83.28%±0.07%) and PCL/TPS (81.83%±0.05%). The predicted abundance of functional enzymes revealed the potential metabolism pathways of major components of SCSs. The natural components entered the glycolytic cycle by enzymatical generation of intermediates, while biopolymers being converted into small molecule products under specific enzyme activities (i.e., carboxylesterase, aldehyde dehydrogenase), together providing electrons and energy for denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Qingyang Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Caihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Katherine Y Deliz Quiñones
- Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure & Environment (ESSIE), Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6580, USA
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
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7
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Zhang H, Li H, Ma M, Ma B, Liu H, Niu L, Zhao D, Ni T, Yang W, Yang Y. Nitrogen reduction by aerobic denitrifying fungi isolated from reservoirs using biodegradation materials for electron donor: Capability and adaptability in the lower C/N raw water treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161064. [PMID: 36565869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological denitrification was considered an efficient and environmentally friendly way to remove the nitrogen in the water body. However, biological denitrification showed poor nitrogen removal performance due to the lack of electron donors in the low C/N water. In this study, three novel aerobic denitrifying fungi (Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., and Fusarium sp.) were isolated and enhanced the performance of aerobic denitrification of fungi in low C/N water bodies combined with polylactic acid/polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PLA/PBAT). In this work, the aerobic denitrifying fungi seed were added to denitrifying liquid medium and mixed with PLA/PBAT. The result showed that Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., and Fusarium sp. could reduce 89.93 %, 89.20 %, and 87.76 % nitrate. Meanwhile, the nitrate removal efficiency adding PLA/PBAT exceeded 1.40, 1.68, and 1.46 times that of none. The results of material characterization suggested that aerobic denitrifying fungi have different abilities to secrete proteases or lipases to catalyze ester bonds in PLA/PBAT and utilize it as nutrients in denitrification, especially in Penicillium brasiliensis D6. Besides, the electron transport system activity and the intracellular ATP concentration were increased significantly after adding PLA/PBAT, especially in Penicillium brasiliensis D6. Finally, the highest removal efficiency of total nitrogen in landscape water by fungi combined with PLA/PBAT was >80 %. The findings of this work provide new insight into the possibility of nitrogen removal by fungi in low C/N and the recycling of degradable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Haiyun Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; An De College, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710311, China
| | - Manli Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Ben Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Hanyan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Limin Niu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Daijuan Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Tongchao Ni
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Wanqiu Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yansong Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Wu H, Li A, Yang X, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhan G. The research progress, hotspots, challenges and outlooks of solid-phase denitrification process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159929. [PMID: 36356784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen pollution is one of the main reasons for water eutrophication. The difficulty of nitrogen removal in low-carbon wastewater poses a huge potential threat to the ecological environment and human health. As a clean biological nitrogen removal process, solid-phase denitrification (SPD) was proposed for long-term operation of low-carbon wastewater. In this paper, the progress, hotspots, and challenges of the SPD process based on different solid carbon sources (SCSs) are reviewed. Compared with synthetic SCS and natural SCS, blended SCSs have more application potential and have achieved pilot-scale application. Differences in SCSs will lead to changes in the enrichment of hydrolytic microorganisms and hydrolytic genes, which indirectly affect denitrification performance. Moreover, the denitrification performance of the SPD process is also affected by the physical and chemical properties of SCSs, pH of wastewater, hydraulic retention time, filling ratio, and temperature. In addition, the strengthening of the SPD process is an inevitable trend. The strengthening measures including SCSs modification and coupled electrochemical technology are regarded as the current research hotspots. It is worth noting that the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has led to the increase of disinfection by-products and antibiotics in wastewater, which makes the SPD process face challenges. Finally, this review proposes prospects to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the efficient application of the SPD process and coping with the challenge of the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China; College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Anjie Li
- College of Grassland and Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xu Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jingting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yiliang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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9
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Zhu S, Zhang L, Ye Z, Zhao J, Liu G. Denitrification performance and bacterial ecological network of a reactor using biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) as an electron donor for nitrate removal from aquaculture wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159637. [PMID: 36280055 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate accumulation is a common phenomenon in aquaculture that can lead to eutrophication of surrounding water bodies. This study used poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) as a carbon source and substrate and performed a microbial co-occurrence network ecological analysis to elucidate the denitrification processes in two packed-bed reactors with different salinities. The denitrification rate reached maximum values of 0.438 and 0.446 kg m-3 d-1 in reactor I (salinity 0 ‰) and reactor II (salinity 20 ‰), respectively. Although ammonia was formed in both systems based on dissimilation nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA), the concentration was very low (2.47 ± 1.99 and 2.84 ± 1.79 mg L-1); moreover, the nitrite content was average (1.01 ± 0.87 and 0.96 ± 0.86 mg L-1). These results suggested that denitrification dominated in both reactors. PHBV generally presented a stable release of DOC, although a sharp increase was observed in the start-up period of reactor II. 16S rRNA results showed that reactor I had richer microbial diversity than reactor II. Among the top ten taxa, Betaproteobacteria was the dominant class in reactor I while Gammaproteobacteria was the dominant class in reactor II. In the stable period, Thauera and Denitromonas was the most abundant genera in reactor I and reactor II, respectively. In addition, the bacterial co-occurrence network showed that reactor I had a more complex node and edge network and faster start-up time compared to reactor II; however, reactor II had a more stable nitrogen removal capacity. Higher expression of NorB and NosZ genes in reactor II indicated higher efficient denitrification in seawater system. The SEM and FTIR showed bacterial development and materials surface erosion. These findings verified the denitrification performance and niche differences between freshwater and seawater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songming Zhu
- College of Bio-systems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, PR China
| | - Leping Zhang
- College of Bio-systems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhangying Ye
- College of Bio-systems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, PR China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Bio-systems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, PR China.
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10
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Fang C, Shao T, Ji X, Wang F, Zhang H, Xu J, Miao W, Wang Z. High mechanical property and antibacterial poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/functional enzymatically-synthesized cellulose biodegradable composite. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:776-785. [PMID: 36403771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable materials with antibacterial properties are highly promising. A novel antimicrobial nanocellulose (ECP) was synthesized in one-step by enzyme-catalyzed method to improve the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(HB-co-HV)]. The biodegradable nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending and the performance analysis results show that the nanocomposites display enhanced mechanical performances and antibacterial activities. Compared with the neat P(HB-co-HV), the P(HB-co-HV) doped with 0.5 wt%-ECP shows the highest mechanical properties with yield strength/elongation at break of 29.3 MPa, 7.63 %, respectively, an increase of 38 %/59 %, and a clear inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) of approximately 3.0 mm. As a heterogeneous nucleation agent, ECP optimizes nucleation, and the interfacial interaction between phenol group and matrix promotes the compatibility and dispersion of ECP, resulting in superior mechanical properties of ECP-based composites. The P(HB-co-HV)/ECP nanocomposites have great potential in biomedical materials especially for the bone defect filling material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Fang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Taoran Shao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xingxiang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Weijun Miao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Zongbao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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11
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Feng Y, Wang L, Yin Z, Cui Z, Qu K, Wang D, Wang Z, Zhu S, Cui H. Comparative investigation on heterotrophic denitrification driven by different biodegradable polymers for nitrate removal in mariculture wastewater: Organic carbon release, denitrification performance, and microbial community. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1141362. [PMID: 36891393 PMCID: PMC9986267 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1141362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotrophic denitrification is widely studied to purify freshwater wastewater, but its application to seawater wastewater is rarely reported. In this study, two types of agricultural wastes and two types of synthetic polymers were selected as solid carbon sources in denitrification process to explore their effects on the purification capacity of low-C/N marine recirculating aquaculture wastewater (NO3 --N 30 mg/L, salinity 32‰). The surface properties of reed straw (RS), corn cob (CC), polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly3-hydroxybutyrate-hydroxypropionate (PHBV) were evaluated by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Scanning electron microscope and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Short-chain fatty acids, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) equivalents were used to analyze the carbon release capacity. Results showed that agricultural waste had higher carbon release capacity than PCL and PHBV. The cumulative DOC and COD of agricultural waste were 0.56-12.65 and 1.15-18.75 mg/g, respectively, while those for synthetic polymers were 0.07-1.473 and 0.045-1.425 mg/g, respectively. The removal efficiency of nitrate nitrogen (NO3 --N) was CC 70.80%, PCL 53.64%, RS 42.51%, and PHBV 41.35%. Microbial community analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most abundant phyla in agricultural wastes and biodegradable natural or synthetic polymers. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated the conversion from nitrate to nitrogen was achieved in all four carbon source systems, and all six genes had the highest copy number in CC. The contents of medium nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase and nitrous oxide reductase genes in agricultural wastes were higher than those in synthetic polymers. In summary, CC is an ideal carbon source for denitrification technology to purify low C/N recirculating mariculture wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Feng
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Aquatic Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Marine Life Research Center, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhendong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengguo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Marine Life Research Center, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Keming Qu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Marine Life Research Center, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Aquatic Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhanying Wang
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Aquatic Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengmin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongwu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Marine Life Research Center, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
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12
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Xu B, Yang X, Li Y, Yang K, Xiong Y, Yuan N. Pyrite-Based Autotrophic Denitrifying Microorganisms Derived from Paddy Soils: Effects of Organic Co-Substrate Addition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11763. [PMID: 36142037 PMCID: PMC9517464 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of organic co-substrate in groundwater and soils is inevitable, and much remains to be learned about the roles of organic co-substrates during pyrite-based denitrification. Herein, an organic co-substrate (acetate) was added to a pyrite-based denitrification system, and the impact of the organic co-substrate on the performance and bacterial community of pyrite-based denitrification processes was evaluated. The addition of organic co-substrate at concentrations higher than 48 mg L-1 inhibited pyrite-based autotrophic denitrification, as no sulfate was produced in treatments with high organic co-substrate addition. In contrast, both competition and promotion effects on pyrite-based autotrophic denitrification occurred with organic co-substrate addition at concentrations of 24 and 48 mg L-1. The subsequent validation experiments suggested that competition had a greater influence than promotion when organic co-substrate was added, even at a low concentration. Thiobacillus, a common chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing denitrifier, dominated the system with a relative abundance of 13.04% when pyrite served as the sole electron donor. With the addition of organic co-substrate, Pseudomonas became the dominant genus, with 60.82%, 61.34%, 70.37%, 73.44%, and 35.46% abundance at organic matter concentrations of 24, 48, 120, 240, and 480 mg L-1, respectively. These findings provide an important theoretical basis for the cultivation of pyrite-based autotrophic denitrifying microorganisms for nitrate removal in soils and groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokun Xu
- Agricultural Water Conservancy Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of River Regulation and Flood Control of Ministry of Water Resources, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Chongqing Water Resources Bureau, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yalong Li
- Agricultural Water Conservancy Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Kejun Yang
- School of Law, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
- Agricultural and Rural Department of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yujiang Xiong
- Agricultural Water Conservancy Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Niannian Yuan
- Agricultural Water Conservancy Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
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13
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Li T, Gao Y, Tang Y, Xu Y, Ren H, Huang H. A new LDH based sustained-release carbon source filter media to achieve advanced denitrogenation of low C/N wastewater at low temperature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156488. [PMID: 35671857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Advanced denitrogenation of wastewater is now facing major challenges brought by low C/N ratio and low temperature. The development of sustained-release materials with good and stable carbon release properties was an effective countermeasure. FeNi-Layered double-metal hydroxides (LDH)- sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) filter media and its potential use in heterotrophic and sulfur-based mixotrophic denitrification biological filter (DNBF), was firstly reported. It demonstrated stable structure and good carbon release performance with a mass transfer coefficient (K) of 4.40 mg·L-1·s-1. When the influent NO3--N of 50 mg/L with the C/N ratio of 3 at 10 °C, the maximum nitrogen loading rate of 0.22 kg·N/(m3·d) and effluent TN close to 5 mg/L (nitrogen removal of almost 90 %) could be achieved. The slowly released carbon source and the leached iron increased the abundance of denitrifying bacteria and functional genes, and the augmentation of Sulfuritalea and the secretion of biofilm protein stimulated by sulfur also played a synergistic role. This study provided a new potentially effective strategy to enhance advanced denitrification of wastewater of low C/N wastewater at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yilin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yingying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yujin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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14
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Zhou Q, Sun H, Jia L, Wu W, Wang J. Simultaneous biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plants by advanced treatment: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:134054. [PMID: 35202664 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement of water ecological protection and water control standard, it is the general trend to upgrade the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus is the key to improve the water quality of secondary effluent of WWTPs to prevent the eutrophication. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the applicable technologies for simultaneous biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from secondary effluent. In this review, the composition of secondary effluent from municipal WWTPs were briefly introduced firstly, then the three main treatment processes for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal, i.e., the enhanced denitrifying phosphorus removal filter, the pyrite-based autotrophic denitrification and the microalgae biological treatment system were summarized, their performances and mechanisms were analyzed. The influencing factors and microbial community structure were discussed. The advanced removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by different technologies were also compared and summarized in terms of performance, operational characteristics, disadvantage and cost. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus technologies for secondary effluent were proposed. This review will deepen to understand the principles and applications of the advanced removal of nitrogen and phosphorus and provide some valuable information for upgrading the treatment process of WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
| | - Haimeng Sun
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
| | - Lixia Jia
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
| | - Weizhong Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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15
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Pang Y, Hu L, Wang J. Mixotrophic denitrification using pyrite and biodegradable polymer composite as electron donors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127011. [PMID: 35307522 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The denitrification performance of a novel mixotrophic system using pyrite (FeS2) and biodegradable polymer composite (PLA/PHBV/rice hulls, PPRH) as electron donors was investigated. After 12-day operation, the average nitrate removal rate (16.3-40.6 mg-N/L/d) in the mixotrophic system was 37% higher than the combined rate in the single heterotrophic and autotrophic system. The XPS analysis identified the formation of SO42-, S2- and Fe(Ш) on the pyrite surface during mixotrophic operation. The predicted microbial function analysis by PICRUSt2 revealed that the genes involved in S-oxidation, denitrification and carbon fixation were notably enriched in the mixotrophic system, indicating the increasing contribution of autotrophic S-oxidizing denitrification to total nitrate removal. Moreover, network analysis suggested the synergistic interactions among heterotrophic denitrifiers, S-oxidizing denitrifiers, sulfate reducers, Fe(II)-oxidizing denitrifiers and Fe(Ш) reducers. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism of C, N, S and Fe cycle in the pyrite/PPRH based mixotrophic denitrification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmeng Pang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Liang Hu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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16
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Gibert O, Abenza M, Reig M, Vecino X, Sánchez D, Arnaldos M, Cortina JL. Removal of nitrate from groundwater by nano-scale zero-valent iron injection pulses in continuous-flow packed soil columns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152300. [PMID: 34896509 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Injection of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) into aquifers has gained increasing attention of researchers for in-situ treatment of NO3--contaminated groundwater. nZVI has proved efficient in chemically reducing NO3- and, according to recent research efforts, in supporting biological denitrification under favoured conditions. Given the scarce research on nZVI pulsed injection in continuous-flow systems, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nZVI pulses on the removal of NO3- from groundwater in packed soil columns and, more particularly, to elucidate whether or not biotic NO3- removal processes were promoted by nZVI. Three identical columns were filled with aquifer soil samples and fed with the same nitrate polluted groundwater but operated under different conditions: (A) with application of nZVI pulses and biocide spiked in groundwater, (B) without application of nZVI pulses and (C) with application of nZVI pulses. Results showed that the application of nZVI (at 30 mg/L and 78 mg/L doses) resulted in an immediate and sharp removal of NO3- (88-94%), accompanied by an increase in pH (from 7.0 to 9.0-10.0), a drop in redox potential (Eh) (from +420 mV to <100 mV) and a release of Fe(II) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in the effluent (to 200 mg/L and 150-200 mg/L, respectively). The released TOC came from the organic polymer used as stabilizer of the nZVI particles. Comparison against the sterilized control column revealed that, under the experimental conditions, no biological denitrification developed and that the removal of NO3- was due to chemical reduction by nZVI. The main by-product of the NO3- removal was NH4+, which at the prevailing pH was partially converted to NH3, which dissipated from the aqueous solution resulting in a net removal of total dissolved N. A mass balance of Fe permitted to quantify the percentage of injected nZVI trapped in the column (>98%) and the NO3- retention capacity of the nZVI particles (13.2-85.5 mg NO3-/g nZVI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Gibert
- Chemical Engineering Department, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain.
| | - Misael Abenza
- Chemical Engineering Department, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Mònica Reig
- Chemical Engineering Department, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Xanel Vecino
- Chemical Engineering Department, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Damián Sánchez
- Cetaqua-Water Technology Centre, c/ Severo Ochoa 7, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Marina Arnaldos
- Cetaqua-Water Technology Centre, Carretera d'Esplugues 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | - José Luis Cortina
- Chemical Engineering Department, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Cetaqua-Water Technology Centre, Carretera d'Esplugues 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
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