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Zhou L, Wang Y, Li D, Zhang J, Zhu X. Efficient degradation of phenanthrene by biochar-supported nano zero-valent iron activated persulfate: performance evaluation and mechanism insights. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:125731-125740. [PMID: 38001289 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Biochar-supported nano zero-valent iron (BC@nZVI) is a novel and efficient non-homogeneous activator for persulfate (PS). This study aimed to identify the primary pathways, the degradation mechanism and the performance of phenanthrene (PHE) with PS activated by BC@nZVI (BC@nZVI/PS). BC@nZVI as an activator for PS was prepared by liquid phase reduction method. BC@nZVI was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of the iron-carbon mass ratio and BC@nZVI dosage were investigated, and a pseudo-first-order kinetic model was used to evaluate the PHE degradation. The results showed that BC supported nZVI and inhibited the agglomeration of nZVI, improving PS's activation efficiency. The optimal iron-carbon mass ratio was determined to be 1:4, accompanied by a dosage of 0.6 g/L of BC@nZVI. During PS activation, nZVI was transformed to Fe2+ and Fe3+, with the majority being Fe3+. The reducibility of nZVI in BC@nZVI enabled the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ to activate PS. Radical quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) revealed that the oxidative radicals in the BC@nZVI/PS system were mainly SO4-· and ·OH, where SO4-· was the primary free radical under acidic and neutral conditions and ·OH in alkaline conditions. Additionally, BC@nZVI adsorption had a limited role in PHE removal. This study can provide mechanism insights of PHE degradation in water with BC@nZVI activation of the Na2S2O8 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration, Ministry of Education, Xuzhou City, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
- China University of Mining and Technology, School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, Xuzhou City, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration, Ministry of Education, Xuzhou City, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
- China University of Mining and Technology, School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, Xuzhou City, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Danqiong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration, Ministry of Education, Xuzhou City, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
- China University of Mining and Technology, School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, Xuzhou City, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiehui Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration, Ministry of Education, Xuzhou City, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
- China University of Mining and Technology, School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, Xuzhou City, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xueqiang Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration, Ministry of Education, Xuzhou City, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China.
- China University of Mining and Technology, School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, Xuzhou City, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Liu M, Ye Y, Xu L, Gao T, Zhong A, Song Z. Recent Advances in Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI)-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): Applications, Mechanisms, and Future Prospects. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2830. [PMID: 37947676 PMCID: PMC10647831 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The fast rise of organic pollution has posed severe health risks to human beings and toxic issues to ecosystems. Proper disposal toward these organic contaminants is significant to maintain a green and sustainable development. Among various techniques for environmental remediation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) can non-selectively oxidize and mineralize organic contaminants into CO2, H2O, and inorganic salts using free radicals that are generated from the activation of oxidants, such as persulfate, H2O2, O2, peracetic acid, periodate, percarbonate, etc., while the activation of oxidants using catalysts via Fenton-type reactions is crucial for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), i.e., •OH, •SO4-, •O2-, •O3CCH3, •O2CCH3, •IO3, •CO3-, and 1O2. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), with a core of Fe0 that performs a sustained activation effect in AOPs by gradually releasing ferrous ions, has been demonstrated as a cost-effective, high reactivity, easy recovery, easy recycling, and environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst of AOPs. The combination of nZVI and AOPs, providing an appropriate way for the complete degradation of organic pollutants via indiscriminate oxidation of ROS, is emerging as an important technique for environmental remediation and has received considerable attention in the last decade. The following review comprises a short survey of the most recent reports in the applications of nZVI participating AOPs, their mechanisms, and future prospects. It contains six sections, an introduction into the theme, applications of persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, and other oxidants-based AOPs catalyzed with nZVI, and conclusions about the reported research with perspectives for future developments. Elucidation of the applications and mechanisms of nZVI-based AOPs with various oxidants may not only pave the way to more affordable AOP protocols, but may also promote exploration and fabrication of more effective and sustainable nZVI materials applicable in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- Engineering Research Center of Recycling & Comprehensive Utilization of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Waste of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Yuyuan Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Linli Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Ting Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Aiguo Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Zhenjun Song
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
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Wei J, Wang X, Tu C, Long T, Bu Y, Wang H, Jeyakumar P, Jiang J, Deng S. Remediation technologies for neonicotinoids in contaminated environments: Current state and future prospects. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108044. [PMID: 37364306 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEOs) are synthetic insecticides with broad-spectrum insecticidal activity and outstanding efficacy. However, their extensive use and persistence in the environment have resulted in the accumulation and biomagnification of NEOs, posing significant risks to non-target organisms and humans. This review provides a summary of research history, advancements, and highlighted topics in NEOs remediation technologies and mechanisms. Various remediation approaches have been developed, including physiochemical, microbial, and phytoremediation, with microbial and physicochemical remediation being the most extensively studied. Recent advances in physiochemical remediation have led to the development of innovative adsorbents, photocatalysts, and optimized treatment processes. High-efficiency degrading strains with well-characterized metabolic pathways have been successfully isolated and cultured for microbial remediation, while many plant species have shown great potential for phytoremediation. However, significant challenges and gaps remain in this field. Future research should prioritize isolating, domesticating or engineering high efficiency, broad-spectrum microbial strains for NEO degradation, as well as developing synergistic remediation techniques to enhance removal efficiency on multiple NEOs with varying concentrations in different environmental media. Furthermore, a shift from pipe-end treatment to pollution prevention strategies is needed, including the development of green and economically efficient alternatives such as biological insecticides. Integrated remediation technologies and case-specific strategies that can be applied to practical remediation projects need to be developed, along with clarifying NEO degradation mechanisms to improve remediation efficiency. The successful implementation of these strategies will help reduce the negative impact of NEOs on the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Land Resource, Guangdong Technology and Equipment Research Center for Soil and Water Pollution Control, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Tao Long
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanqing Bu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Sciences Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jinlin Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaopo Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhang R, Zhang R, Zimmerman AR, Wang H, Gao B. Applications, impacts, and management of biochar persistent free radicals: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121543. [PMID: 37019262 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a promising environmental contaminant remediation agent because of its adsorptive and catalytic properties. However, the environmental effects of persistent free radicals (PFRs) produced by biomass pyrolysis (biochar production) are still poorly understood, though they have received increasing research attention in recent years. Although PFRs both directly and indirectly mediate biochar's removal of environmental pollutants, they also have the potential to cause ecological damage. In order to support and sustain biochar applications, effective strategies are needed to control the negative effects of biochar PFRs. Yet, there has been no systematic evaluation of the environmental behavior, risks, or management techniques of biochar PFRs. Thus, this review: 1) outlines the formation mechanisms and types of biochar PFRs, 2) evaluates their environmental applications and potential risks, 3) summarizes their environmental migration and transformation, and 4) explores effective management strategies for biochar PFRs during both production and application phases. Finally, future research directions are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China; School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China; School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Andrew R Zimmerman
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Zhang T, Wu S, Li N, Chen G, Hou L. Applications of vacancy defect engineering in persulfate activation: Performance and internal mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 449:130971. [PMID: 36805443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The vacancy defects in heterogeneous catalysts have received extensive attention for persulfate (PS) activation. Vacancy defects can tune the electronic structure of metal oxides and generate unsaturated coordination sites. Meanwhile, the adsorption energy of reactants on catalyst surface is optimized. Thereby, the reaction energy barrier between catalysts and PS decreases, which could promote catalytic activation and accelerate pollutants degradation. Nowadays, oxygen vacancy (OV), nitrogen vacancy (NV), sulfur vacancy (SV), selenium vacancy (SeV) and titanium vacancy (TiV) have been widely studied with great potential for water remediation. So far, no review was reported regarding the vacancy activated persulfate systems. This paper summarized the types, preparation, mechanism and applications of vacancy in PS systems systematically. In addition, we put forward possible development of vacancy engineering in PS activation systems. It is expected that this review will contribute to the controllable synthesis and applications of vacancies in catalysts for PS activation and contaminants removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Li'an Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; 96911 Unit, Beijing 100011, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang S. Recent advances in the removal of emerging contaminants from water by novel molecularly imprinted materials in advanced oxidation processes-A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163702. [PMID: 37105485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a global focus on effectively treating emerging contaminants (ECs) in water bodies. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are the primary technology used for ECs removal. However, the low concentrations of ECs make it difficult to overcome the interference of background substances in complex water quality, which limits the practical application of AOPs. To address this limitation, many researchers are developing new catalysts with preferential adsorption. Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) combined with conventional catalysts has been found to effectively enhance the selectivity of catalysts for the targeted catalytic degradation of pollutants. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the progress made in research on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in the selective oxidation of ECs in water. The preparation methods, principles, and control points of novel MIP catalysts are discussed. Furthermore, the performance and mechanism of the catalysts in photocatalytic oxidation, electrocatalytic oxidation, and persulfate activation are analyzed with examples. The possible ecotoxicological risks of MIP catalysts are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of applying MIP catalysts in AOP are presented along with proposed solutions. This review provides a better understanding of using MIP catalysts in AOPs to target the degradation of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Shuguang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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Zhou Z, Liu X, Ma J, Huang J, Lin C, He M, Ouyang W. Activation of persulfate by vanadium oxide modified carbon nanotube for 17β-estradiol degradation in soil: Mechanism, application and ecotoxicity assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159760. [PMID: 36306855 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones in the environment have attracted public attention because of their high endocrine-disrupting activity even at rather low exposure level. Excessive hormones in the soil from the pollutant discharge of intensive farming would pose a potential threat to the ecology and the human health. Vanadium oxide modified carbon nanotube (VOX-CNT) was synthesized and applied as persulfate (PDS) activator to reduce17β-estrogen (17β-E2) in soil. 86.06 % 17β-E2 could be degraded within 12 h. Process of materials exchange during oxidation was interfered by soil, resulting in insufficient degradation of 17β-E2, but the active species involved in 17β-E2 degradation would also be enriched by it. 17β-E2 was adsorbed on the VOX-CNT surface and directly degraded mainly by the active species generated on the catalyst surface, and •OH dominated the degradation of 17β-E2 in VOX-CNT/PDS system. CO, defective sites and vanadium oxides on the surface of VOX-CNT contributed to the generation of activate species. Oxidizer dosage, catalyst dosage, water-soil ratio and soil properties would affect the degradation of 17β-E2. The ecotoxicological impact on soil caused by VOX-CNT/PDS was acceptable, and would be weakened with time. Additionally, a rapid decrease in the concentration of 17β-E2 and the promotion of maize growth were observed with VOX-CNT/PDS in situ pilot-scale remediation. Those results reveal that VOX-CNT/PDS is a potential technology to remove excessive steroid hormone from soil around large-scale livestock and poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- North China Power Engineering Co., Ltd of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Beijing 100120, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Development Research Center of the Ministry of Water Resources of P.R.China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mengchang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Chen K, Liang J, Xu X, Zhao L, Qiu H, Wang X, Cao X. Roles of soil active constituents in the degradation of sulfamethoxazole by biochar/persulfate: Contrasting effects of iron minerals and organic matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158532. [PMID: 36075408 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The biochar/persulfate (BC/PS) has been extensively applied in the degradation of organic contaminants in the aqueous solutions. However, much less work has been done on the degradation of organic contaminants in soil by BC/PS, especially on the unclear roles of soil active constituents in the degradation. This study was conducted to investigate the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in two soils through PS oxidation activated by biochar. Biochar was produced via the pyrolysis of peanut shell at 400 °C and 700 °C, which was denoted as BC400 and BC700, respectively. Two soils used were red soil and paddy soil, mainly differing in iron minerals and organic matter. Both biochar promoted SMX degradation (42.6 %-90.7 %) in two soils, compared to PS alone (20.9 %-41.7 %). In BC400/PS system, the free radicals were the dominant reactive species for SMX degradation, while the electron transfer pathway played a vital role in the SMX degradation by BC700/PS. Higher SMX degradation was observed in red soil (41.7 %-97.8 %) than that in paddy soil (20.3 %-94.8 %), which was ascribed to the promotion of iron minerals in red soil yet the inhibition of organic matter in paddy soil. Specifically, the reaction between ≡Fe(III)/≡Fe(II) and PS on the surface of iron minerals in red soil generated more SO4•- and •OH, resulting in the enhanced SMX degradation. However, the consumption of free radicals and suppression of electron transfer pathway by organic matter in paddy soil inhibited SMX degradation. As the comparative carbonaceous materials to biochar, graphite exerted no obvious degradation effect, whereas activated carbon exhibited the comparable promoting efficacy to BC700. Both biochar, especially BC700, significantly (p < 0.05) alleviated the adverse effects of PS treatment on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth. Overall, this study demonstrates that biochar/persulfate was effective in SMX degradation in soil and the degradation was affected by soil iron minerals and organic matter, which should be paid more attention in the persulfate remediation of organic contaminated soils at a specific site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinbing Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; National Field Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem, Yunnan 671000, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Zhu J, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Wu S, Fang X, Yao Y. Progress in the Preparation and Modification of Zinc Ferrites Used for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10710. [PMID: 36078426 PMCID: PMC9518589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zinc ferrite is a type of photocatalytic material with high physicochemical stability, narrow band gap, high carrier separation efficiency, high porosity, and paramagnetism, which makes it easy to recover. Thus, zinc ferrite is widely used as a photocatalyst in water treatment. In this paper, the preparation principles as well as the advantages and disadvantages of typical methods used to prepare zinc ferrite including hydrothermal, co-precipitation, sol-gel, and other novel methods such as biosynthesis have been summarized. Modification methods such as elemental doping, composite formation, and morphological modification have been highlighted. Using these modification methods, the catalytic activity of zinc ferrite toward the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water has been enhanced. Biosynthesis is regarded as a promising preparation method that uses biological materials instead of chemical materials to achieve the large-scale preparation of zinc ferrite using low cost, energy efficient, and environmentally friendly processes. Meanwhile, the combination of multiple modification techniques to enhance the photocatalytic performance of zinc ferrite will be an important research trend in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Zhu
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Sijia Wu
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaojian Fang
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yan Yao
- College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Li M, Li P, Zhou Q, Lee SLJ. A Mini Review on Persulfate Activation by Sustainable Biochar for the Removal of Antibiotics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5832. [PMID: 36079215 PMCID: PMC9456675 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic contamination in water bodies poses ecological risks to aquatic organisms and humans and is a global environmental issue. Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PS-AOPs) are efficient for the removal of antibiotics. Sustainable biochar materials have emerged as potential candidates as persulfates (Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and Peroxydisulfate (PDS)) activation catalysts to degrade antibiotics. In this review, the feasibility of pristine biochar and modified biochar (non-metal heteroatom-doped biochar and metal-loaded biochar) for the removal of antibiotics in PS-AOPs is evaluated through a critical analysis of recent research. The removal performances of biochar materials, the underlying mechanisms, and active sites involved in the reactions are studied. Lastly, sustainability considerations for future biochar research, including Sustainable Development Goals, technical feasibility, toxicity assessment, economic and life cycle assessment, are discussed to promote the large-scale application of biochar/PS technology. This is in line with the global trends in ensuring sustainable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Peng Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Qi Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Stephanie Ling Jie Lee
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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