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Li JL, Gan CD, Du XY, Yuan XY, Zhong WL, Yang MQ, Liu R, Li XY, Wang H, Liao YL, Wang Z, Xu MC, Yang JY. Distribution, risk evaluation, and source allocation of cesium and strontium in surface soil in a mining city. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:270. [PMID: 38954122 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Radioactive nuclides cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) possess long half-lives, with 135Cs at approximately 2.3 million years and 87Sr at about 49 billion years. Their persistent accumulation can result in long-lasting radioactive contamination of soil ecosystems. This study employed geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (PEPI), health risk assessment model (HRA), and Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the pollution and health risks of Cs and Sr in the surface soil of different functional areas in a typical mining city in China. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was used to elucidate the potential sources of Cs and Sr and the respective contribution rates of natural and anthropogenic sources. The findings indicate that soils in the mining area exhibited significantly higher levels of Cs and Sr pollution compared to smelting factory area, agricultural area, and urban residential area. Strontium did not pose a potential ecological risk in any studied functional area. The non-carcinogenic health risk of Sr to the human body in the study area was relatively low. Because of the lack of parameters for Cs, the potential ecological and human health risks of Cs was not calculated. The primary source of Cs in the soil was identified as the parent material from which the soil developed, while Sr mainly originated from associated contamination caused by mining activities. This research provides data for the control of Cs and Sr pollution in the surface soil of mining city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Chun-Dan Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Xin-Yue Du
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Xue-Ying Yuan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wen-Lin Zhong
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Meng-Qi Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Haerbin, 150000, China
| | - Yu-Liang Liao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mu-Cheng Xu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China.
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Li J, Cui D, Yang Z, Ma J, Liu J, Yu Y, Huang X, Xiang P. Health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in road dust via dermal exposure pathway from a low latitude plateau provincial capital city: The importance of toxicological verification. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118890. [PMID: 38615791 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The human health risk assessment through the dermal exposure of metal (loid)s in dust from low latitude and high geological background plateau cities was largely unknown. In this study, the road dust samples were harvested from a typical low-latitude plateau provincial capital city Kunming, Southwest China. The total concentration and dermal bioaccessibility of heavy metal (loid)s in road dust were determined, and their health risks as well as cytotoxicity on human skin keratinocytes were also assessed. The average concentrations of As (28.5 mg/kg), Cd (2.65 mg/kg), Mn (671 mg/kg), and Zn (511 mg/kg) exceeded the soil background values. Arsenic had the highest bioaccessibility after 2 h (3.79%), 8 h (4.24%), and 24 h (16.6%) extraction. The dermal pathway when bioaccessibility is considered has a higher hazard quotient than the conventional method using total metal(loid)s in the dust. In addition, toxicological verification suggested that the dust extracts suppressed the cell viability, increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and DNA damage, and eventually activated the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway, evidenced by the upregulation of Caspase-3/9, Bax, and Bak-1. Cadmium was positively correlated with the mRNA expression of Bax. Taken together, our data indicated that both dermal bioaccessibility and cytotoxicity should be considered for accurate human skin health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in road dust, which may provide new insight for accurate human health risk assessment and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Li
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Daolei Cui
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Ziyue Yang
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Jiaoyang Ma
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianfeng Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Cai N, Wang X, Zhu H, Hu Y, Zhang X, Wang L. Isotopic insights and integrated analysis for heavy metal levels, ecological risks, and source apportionment in river sediments of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118626. [PMID: 38467358 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The research was carried out to examine the pollution characteristics, ecological risk, and origins of seven heavy metals (Hg, As, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Ni) in 51 sediment samples gathered from 8 rivers located on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) in China. The contents of Hg and Cd were 5.0 and 1.1 times higher than their background values, respectively. The mean levels of other measured heavy metals were below those found naturally in the local soil. The enrichment factor showed that the study area exhibited significantly enriched Hg with 70.6% sampling sites. The Cd contents at 19.6% of sampling sites were moderately enriched. The other sampling sites were at a less enriched level. The sediments of all the rivers had a medium level of potential ecological risk. Hg was the major ecological risk factor in all sampling sites, followed by Cd. The findings from the positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis shown agricultural activities, industrial activities, traffic emissions, and parent material were the major sources. The upper, middle, and low reaches of the Quanji river had different Hg isotope compositions, while sediments near the middle reaches were similar to the δ202Hg of the industrial source. At the upstream sampling sites, the Hg isotope content was very close to the background level. The results of this research can establish a strong scientific sound to improve the safety of the natural circumstances of rivers on the QTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cai
- Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes, Xining, 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes, Xining, 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Qaidam Comprehensive Geological and Mineral Exploration Institute of Qinghai Province, Golmud, 816099, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Exploration and Research of Salt Lake Resources in Qaidam Basin, Golmud, 816099, China
| | - Xiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes, Xining, 810008, China.
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Chen L, Fang L, Yang X, Luo X, Qiu T, Zeng Y, Huang F, Dong F, White JC, Bolan N, Rinklebe J. Sources and human health risks associated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in urban dust: A global perspective. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108708. [PMID: 38703447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to urban dust containing potentially toxic elements (PTEs) poses detrimental impacts on human health. However, studies estimating human health risks in urban dusts from a global perspective are scarce. We evaluated data for twelve PTEs in urban dusts across 59 countries from 463 published articles, including their concentrations, input sources, and probabilistic risks to human health. We found that 34.1 and 60.3% of those investigated urban dusts have been heavily contaminated with As and Cd, respectively. The input of PTEs was significantly correlated with economic structure due to emissions of industrial activities and traffic emissions being the major sources. Based on the Monte Carlo simulation, we found that the mean hazard index below the safe threshold (1.0) could still cause non-negligible risks to human health. Arsenic and Cr were the major PTEs threatening human health, and relatively high risk levels were observed in cities in China, Korea, Chile, Malaysia, and Australia. Importantly, our analysis suggested that PTEs threaten the health of approximately 92 million adults and 280 million children worldwide. Overall, our study provides important foundational understanding and guidance for policy decision-making to reduce the potential risks associated with PTE exposure and to promote sustainable development of urban economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Linchuan Fang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xing Yang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Xiaosan Luo
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Tianyi Qiu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fengyu Huang
- College of Environment and Resource, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China; College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Faqin Dong
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, University of Wuppertal, Pauluskirchstraße 7, Wuppertal 42285, Germany
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5
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Birch G. Review and assessment of road-derived metals as a major contributor of metallic contaminants to urban stormwater and the estuarine environment (Sydney estuary, Australia). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133096. [PMID: 38061125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Sydney Harbour (Australia). is one of the most metal-contaminated in the world and sediments are toxic over large areas. The major source of metals is stormwater, however there remains considerable debate regarding the source of metals in water entering the estuary. The current review and critical assessment of a large source of data accumulated from over three decades of research, supplemented by global studies, identified road-derived metals (RDMs) as the chief contributor of metals to stormwater and consequently to pollution of the estuary. Roads comprise almost 25% of a typical urban catchment and generate a considerable metal load from highly effective impervious surfaces and RDM is transported directly to the adjacent receiving basin with enhanced connectivity. In Sydney, industrial waste is delivered to the sewage system and is disposed of offshore, leaving RDM as a major contributor of metals to the stormwater system and estuarine environment. RDMs are modelled to be hazardous to the ecology and human health (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic diseases) in the catchment environment driven by high metal concentrations, small size and elevated bioavailability. Remediation of RDMs is complex, requiring extensive knowledge and an experienced management team. The enormous potential for water re-use is often neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Birch
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, Sydney University, NSW 2006, Australia.
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6
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Du H, Lu X, Han X. Spatial distribution characteristics and source apportionment of heavy metal(loid)s in park dust in the Mianyang urban area, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:104. [PMID: 38438597 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Park dust is a carrier of heavy metal pollutants and could potentially harm the health of urban residents. The concentrations of 10 heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) in park dust from the Mianyang urban area were analysed via X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Based on ArcGIS spatial analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, the spatial distribution and sources of HMs in park dust were studied. The average contents of Zn, Co, Cu, Cr, Pb, and Ba in park dust were 185.0, 33.7, 38.7, 178.7, 51.0, and 662.1 mg/kg, respectively, which are higher than the reference values. The 10 HMs exhibited obvious spatial distribution and local spatial agglomeration patterns. High concentrations of As and Pb were primarily concentrated in the eastern part of the Mianyang urban area. High concentrations of Zn, Cr, and Cu were largely distributed in parks near the Changjiang River and Fujiang River. A high concentration of Co was concentrated in the northern region. The high-value areas of Mn, Ba, V, and Ni occurred far from the city centre and were located in the southwestern region. We found that Pb and As primarily originated from mixed traffic and natural sources; Zn, Cr, and Cu mainly originated from industrial activities; Co largely originated from building sources; and Ba, Ni, Mn, and V were mostly derived from natural sources. Mixed, industrial, building, and natural sources accounted for 24.5%, 24.8%, 24.7%, and 26.0%, respectively, of the HM sources. Co, Cu, Cr, and Zn in the Mianyang urban area were obviously influenced by human activities and should receive close attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Du
- School of Resource and Environment Engineering, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - Xiufeng Han
- College of Resources and Environment, Baotou Normal College, Baotou, 014030, China
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Yang ZY, Liu H, Li JY, Bao YB, Yang J, Li L, Zhao ZY, Zheng QX, Xiang P. Road dust exposure and human corneal damage in a plateau high geological background provincial capital city: Spatial distribution, sources, bioaccessibility, and cytotoxicity of dust heavy metals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169140. [PMID: 38070561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Ocular surface diseases are common in the plateau city, Kunming China, the continued daily exposure to heavy metals in dust may be an important inducement. In this study, the 150 road dust samples from five functional areas in Kunming were collected. The concentrations, distribution, possible sources, and bioaccessibility of heavy metals were analyzed. The adverse effects of dust extracts on human corneal epithelial cells and the underlying mechanisms were also assessed. The concentrations (mg·kg-1) of As (19.1), Cd (2.67), Cr (90.5), Cu (123), Pb (78.4), and Zn (389) in road dust were higher than the soil background, with commercial and residential areas showing the highest pollution. Their bioaccessibility in artificial tears was As (6.59 %) > Cu (5.11 %) > Ni (1.47 %) > Cr (1.17 %) > Mn (0.84 %) > Cd (0.76 %) > Zn (0.50 %) > Pb (0.31 %). The two main sources of heavy metals included tire and mechanical abrasion (24.5 %) and traffic exhaust (21.6 %). All dust extracts induced cytotoxicity, evidenced by stronger inhibition of cell viability, higher production of ROS, and altered mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes and cell cycle-related genes, with commercial- areas-2 (CA2)-dust extract showing the greatest oxidative damage and cell cycle arrest. Our data may provide new evidence that dust exposure in high geological background cities could trigger human cornea damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yue Yang
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Eye Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jing-Ya Li
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Ya-Bo Bao
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Eye Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Li Li
- Precious Metal Testing Co. LTD of Yunnan Gold Mining Group, Kunming 650215, China
| | - Zi-Yu Zhao
- Precious Metal Testing Co. LTD of Yunnan Gold Mining Group, Kunming 650215, China
| | - Qin-Xiang Zheng
- The Affiliated Ningbo Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo 315040, China.
| | - Ping Xiang
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
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Yan J, Guo X, He M, Niu Z, Xu M, Peng B, Yang Y, Jin Z. Metals and microorganisms in a Maar lake sediment core indicating the anthropogenic impact over last 800 years. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168392. [PMID: 37956839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
A closed Maar lake, receiving mostly atmospheric deposition, offers a unique setting for investigating the impact of human activities on the environment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the historical record of metals in core sediments of Maar Lake in Huguangyan (HGY), Southeast China, and elucidate the possible microbial responses to anthropogenic metal stress. Five stages were divided according to the historical record of metals and corresponding distribution of microbial community, among which Pb and Sn showed a peak value around 1760 CE, indicating the ancient mining and smelting activities. Since the 1980s, a substantial enrichment of metals such as Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, and Pb was observed, due to the rapid industrial growth in China. In terms of microorganisms, Chloroflexi phylum, particularly dominated by Anaerolineales, showed significant correlations with Pb and Sn, and could potentially serve as indicator species for mining and smelting-related contamination. Desulfarculales and Desulfobacterales were found to be more prevalent in recent period and exhibited positive correlations with anthropogenic metals. Moreover, according to the multivariate regression modeling and variance decomposition analysis, Pb and Sn could regulate Anaerolineales and further pose impact on the carbon cycle; while sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) could response to anthropogenic metals and influence sulfur cycle. These findings provide new insights into the interaction between metals and microbial communities over human history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xingpan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Maoyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zuoshun Niu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Zhangdong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
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Li Y, Tian F, Zhong R, Zhao H. Source characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in surface soils of Shenyang, China: A comparison of two receptor models combined with Monte Carlo simulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132805. [PMID: 37871439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The surface soil concentrations of 16 PAHs and 15 PCBs were simultaneously determined by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 21 locations of urban areas of Shenyang. The average concentrations of PAHs and PCBs were 26.40 ± 34.68 mg/kg and 48.03 ± 27.47 μg/kg, respectively. Factor analysis with nonnegative constraints (FA-NNC) and absolute principal component score with multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model were used to explore and evaluate the sources of PAHs and PCBs in the study area. The results of FA-NNC showed that PAHs in soils were mainly from traffic emissions (49.64%), coal combustion (46.88%) and petrogenic source (3.49%). The PCBs in soils were mainly from commercial and high temperature combustion mixed sources (20.3%), combustion and industry emission mixed sources (21.1%), electrical equipment sources (22.2%) and traffic emission sources (36.4%). The results of APCS-MLR were consistent with those of FA-NNC. The uncertainty of FA-NNC and APCS-MLR model was analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation method. The results revealed the reliability of the two receptor models on source apportionment. The estimated carcinogenic risks indicated that the risks of PAHs in soils exceed the acceptable range (10-6-10-4), while the risks of PCBs were below the acceptable risk level of 10-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China; School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Fulin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China; School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China.
| | - Rui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China; School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Liaoning Academy of Analytical Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China
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Zhang Z, Liang W, Zheng X, Zhong Q, Hu H, Huo X. Kindergarten dust heavy metal(loid) exposure associates with growth retardation in children. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:118341-118351. [PMID: 37910347 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination from electronic waste recycling sites is present in dust found in indoor kindergartens located in e-waste recycling areas, and its potential impact on child health is a significant concern. The association between heavy metal(loid)s and the child developmental indicators is still unclear. In 2019 and 2020, we enrolled 325 and 319 children in an e-waste recycling town, respectively. Corresponding 61 and 121 dust samples were collected from roads, houses, and kindergartens in the two years. The median concentrations of metals, including Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb exceeded the allowable limits. The highest amount of cumulative enrichment (cEF) was observed in indoor kindergarten dust (cEF = 112.3400), followed by house dust (cEF = 76.6950) and road dust (cEF = 39.7700). Children residing in the e-waste town had below-average height and weight compared to their Chinese peers. Based on linear regression analysis, the daily intake of Cd, V, Mn, and Pb in indoor kindergarten dust was found to be negatively associated with head circumference (HeC) (P < 0.05). Similarly, the daily intake of As, Cd, and Ba in indoor kindergarten dust was found to be negatively associated with chest circumference (ChC) (P < 0.05). In addition, the daily intake of As, Cd, and Ba in indoor kindergarten dust was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), as per the results of the study (P < 0.05). Cross-product term analysis revealed a negative correlation between daily intake of heavy metal(loid)s and HeC, ChC, and BMI, with age and sex serving as influencing factors. In conclusion, exposure to heavy metal(loid)s in indoor kindergarten dust increases the risk of growth retardation and developmental delay in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanting Liang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangbin Zheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongfei Hu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China.
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Yang F, Mamun AA, Cheng I, Qiu X, Zhang L. Contributions of the oil sands sources to the ambient concentrations and deposition of particulate elements in the Canadian Athabasca oil sands region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165519. [PMID: 37451466 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, model sensitivity tests were conducted to investigate the relative contributions between emission sources of oil sands (OS) activities and other sources to the ambient concentrations and deposition of 29 particulate elements in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) of Canada. Element emission sources from a recently developed emission database were grouped into three source sectors for elements in PM2.5 (OS-Industrial, OS-Dust, and Non-OS) and two source sectors for elements in PM2.5-10 (OS-All and Non-OS). The OS-Dust and OS-Industrial sectors (combined as one sector for PM2.5-10; OS-All) included element sources linked to dust and other industrial activities from the OS activities, respectively, whereas the Non-OS sector included remaining sources in the region, unrelated to the OS activities. The OS-Industrial, OS-Dust, and Non-OS emissions (tonnes/year) of all elements in PM2.5 were 326, 1430, and 562, respectively. The OS-All and Non-OS emissions (tonnes/year) of all elements in PM2.5-10 were 5890 and 2900, respectively. The element concentrations were simulated by the CALPUFF dispersion model. The sum of the domain averaged annual mean concentrations of all elements in PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 from all sources were 57.3 ng/m3 and 30.4 ng/m3, respectively. Except for Co (PM2.5 and PM2.5-10), Sb (PM2.5-10), and Sn (PM2.5-10), major proportions (≥ 59 %) of the ambient concentrations of the individual elements were linked to the OS source sector. Overall, the OS sector was responsible for 78 % and 68 % of the sum of the mean ambient concentrations of all elements in PM2.5 and PM2.5-10, respectively, which are close to the corresponding emission contributions (76 % and 67 %, respectively). Likewise, the bulk proportion (∼74 %) of the sum of the total atmospheric deposition of all elements was also associated with the OS sources. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks associated with inhalation exposure to airborne elements were below the recommended threshold risk levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Yang
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada; SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd, 100 Stone Road West, Suite 201, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5L3, Canada
| | - Abdulla Al Mamun
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Irene Cheng
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Xin Qiu
- SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd, 100 Stone Road West, Suite 201, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5L3, Canada
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada.
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Das M, Proshad R, Chandra K, Islam M, Abdullah Al M, Baroi A, Idris AM. Heavy metals contamination, receptor model-based sources identification, sources-specific ecological and health risks in road dust of a highly developed city. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8633-8662. [PMID: 37682507 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study quantified Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, As, Zn, and Fe levels in road dust collected from a variety of sites in Tangail, Bangladesh. The goal of this study was to use a matrix factorization model to identify the specific origin of these components and to evaluate the ecological and health hazards associated with each potential origin. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, As, Zn, Cd, and Fe. The average concentrations of these elements were found to be 30.77 ± 8.80, 25.17 ± 6.78, 39.49 ± 12.53, 28.74 ± 7.84, 1.90 ± 0.79, 158.30 ± 28.25, 2.42 ± 0.69, and 18,185.53 ± 4215.61 mg/kg, respectively. Compared to the top continental crust, the mean values of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd were 1.09, 1.69, 2.36, and 26.88 times higher, respectively. According to the Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI), pollution load index (PLI), Nemerow integrated risk index (NIRI), and potential ecological risk (PER), 84%, 42%, 30%, and 16% of sampling areas, respectively, which possessed severe contamination. PMF model revealed that Cu (43%), Fe (69.3%), and Cd (69.2%) were mainly released from mixed sources, natural sources, and traffic emission, respectively. Traffic emission posed high and moderate risks for modified NIRI and potential ecological risks. The calculated PMF model-based health hazards indicated that the cancer risk value for traffic emission, natural, and mixed sources had been greater than (1.0E-04), indicating probable cancer risks and that traffic emission posed 38% risk to adult males where 37% for both adult females and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Das
- Department of Zoology, Government Saadat College, Tangail, 1903, Bangladesh
| | - Ram Proshad
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Krishno Chandra
- Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Maksudul Islam
- Department of Environmental Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Mamun Abdullah Al
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Aquatic Eco-Health Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Artho Baroi
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, 62529, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, 62529, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Lv D, Liu Y, Ren L, Huo J, Zhao J, Lu R, Huang Y, Duan L. Assessment of atmospheric heavy metal pollution in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Using mosses as biomonitor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132181. [PMID: 37536154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric heavy metal (HM) pollution may pose a significant threat to the fragile ecosystem of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). To investigate potential atmospheric HM pollution within the QTP region of China, mosses, along with other higher plants and soil, were collected from 33 sites for heavy metal measurement. The concentration ranges of Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu in mosses were 6.07-69.9, 5.36-23.9, 0.60-1.05, and 14.4-50.5 mg·kg-1 (dry weight), respectively, significantly higher than those in other higher plants, except for Zn. The spatial distribution of relative concentrations (RCs; moss to top soil) of HMs varied considerably, indicating distinct differences in atmospheric Zn and Cu pollution levels between the northern and southern QTP. This study first reported that moderate regional atmospheric Cu pollution, primarily due to large-scale mining in recent years, had occurred, particularly in southern QTP. Pb also presented slight pollution due to anthropogenic activities. However, Cd showed almost no atmospheric pollution, while Zn concentrations were relatively high in southern QTP. Although less severe than atmospheric pollution levels in Chinese inland or coastal cities, the atmospheric pollution of Pb and Cu in QTP indicated by mosses were far more severe than global background areas, or even worse than most European cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Lv
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Ren
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaxuan Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruijie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yongmei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lei Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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14
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Wang Z, Lu X, Yu B, Yang Y, Wang L, Lei K. Ascertaining priority control pollution sources and target pollutants in toxic metal risk management of a medium-sized industrial city. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 887:164022. [PMID: 37172841 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Re-suspended surface dust (RSD) often poses higher environmental risks due to its specific physical characteristics. To ascertain the priority pollution sources and pollutants for the risk control of toxic metals (TMs) in RSD of medium-sized industrial cities, this study took Baotou City, a representative medium-sized industrial city in North China, as an example to systematically study TMs pollution in RSD. The levels of Cr (242.6 mg kg-1), Pb (65.7 mg kg-1), Co (54.0 mg kg-1), Ba (1032.4 mg kg-1), Cu (31.8 mg kg-1), Zn (81.7 mg kg-1), and Mn (593.8 mg kg-1) in Baotou RSD exceeded their soil background values. Co and Cr exhibited significant enrichment in 94.0 % and 49.4 % of samples, respectively. The comprehensive pollution of TMs in Baotou RSD was very high, mainly caused by Co and Cr. The main sources of TMs in the study area were industrial emissions, construction, and traffic activities, accounting for 32.5, 25.9, and 41.6 % of the total TMs respectively. The overall ecological risk in the study area was low, but 21.5 % of samples exhibited moderate or higher risk. The carcinogenic risks of TMs in the RSD to local residents and their non-carcinogenic risks to children cannot be ignored. Industrial and construction sources were priority pollution sources for eco-health risks, with Cr and Co being the target TMs. The south, north and west of the study area were the priority control areas for TMs pollution. The probabilistic risk assessment method combining of Monte Carlo simulation and source analysis can effectively identify the priority pollution sources and pollutants. These findings provide scientific basis for TMs pollution control in Baotou and constitute a reference for environmental management and protection of residents' health in other similar medium-sized industrial cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenze Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Kai Lei
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China
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