1
|
Blümke A, Simon J, Leber E, Scatena M, Giachelli CM. Differentiation and Characterization of Osteoclasts from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Vis Exp 2024:10.3791/66527. [PMID: 38587386 PMCID: PMC11108805 DOI: 10.3791/66527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This protocol details the propagation and passaging of human iPSCs and their differentiation into osteoclasts. First, iPSCs are dissociated into a single-cell suspension for further use in embryoid body induction. Following mesodermal induction, embryoid bodies undergo hematopoietic differentiation, producing a floating hematopoietic cell population. Subsequently, the harvested hematopoietic cells undergo a macrophage colony-stimulating factor maturation step and, finally, osteoclast differentiation. After osteoclast differentiation, osteoclasts are characterized by staining for TRAP in conjunction with a methyl green nuclear stain. Osteoclasts are observed as multinucleated, TRAP+ polykaryons. Their identification can be further supported by Cathepsin K staining. Bone and mineral resorption assays allow for functional characterization, confirming the identity of bona fide osteoclasts. This protocol demonstrates a robust and versatile method to differentiate human osteoclasts from iPSCs and allows for easy adoption in applications requiring large quantities of functional human osteoclasts. Applications in the areas of bone research, cancer research, tissue engineering, and endoprosthesis research could be envisioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Blümke
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington; Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University
| | - Jessica Simon
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Elizabeth Leber
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Marta Scatena
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Cecilia M Giachelli
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thongsa-Ad U, Wongpan A, Wongkummool W, Chaiwijit P, Uppakara K, Chaiyakitpattana G, Singpant P, Tong-Ngam P, Chukhan A, Pabuprappap W, Wongniam S, Suksamrarn A, Hongeng S, Anurathapan U, Kulkeaw K, Tubsuwan A, Bhukhai K. Improving hematopoietic differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells by the modulation of Hippo signaling with a diarylheptanoid derivative. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:60. [PMID: 38433217 PMCID: PMC10910864 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03686-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diarylheptanoid ASPP 049 has improved the quality of adult hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) expansion ex vivo through long-term reconstitution in animal models. However, its effect on hematopoietic regeneration from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is unknown. METHOD We utilized a defined cocktail of cytokines without serum or feeder followed by the supplementation of ASPP 049 to produce hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Flow cytometry and trypan blue exclusion analysis were used to identify nonadherent and adherent cells. Nonadherent cells were harvested to investigate the effect of ASPP 049 on multipotency using LTC-IC and CFU assays. Subsequently, the mechanism of action was explored through transcriptomic profiles, which were validated by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence analysis. RESULT The supplementation of ASPP 049 increased the number of phenotypically defined primitive HSPCs (CD34+CD45+CD90+) two-fold relative to seeded hiPSC colonies, indicating enhanced HSC derivation from hiPSCs. Under ASPP 049-supplemented conditions, we observed elevated HSPC niches, including CD144+CD73- hemogenic- and CD144+CD73+ vascular-endothelial progenitors, during HSC differentiation. Moreover, harvested ASPP 049-treated cells exhibited improved self-renewal and a significantly larger proportion of different blood cell colonies with unbiased lineages, indicating enhanced HSC stemness properties. Transcriptomics and KEGG analysis of sorted CD34+CD45+ cells-related mRNA profiles revealed that the Hippo signaling pathway is the most significant in responding to WWTR1/TAZ, which correlates with the validation of the protein expression. Interestingly, ASPP 049-supplemented HSPCs upregulated 11 genes similarly to umbilical cord blood-derived HSPCs. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that ASPP 049 can improve HSC-generating protocols with proliferative potentials, self-renewal ability, unbiased differentiation, and a definable mechanism of action for the clinical perspective of hematopoietic regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umnuaychoke Thongsa-Ad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Anongnat Wongpan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Wasinee Wongkummool
- Stem Cell Research Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Phaewa Chaiwijit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Kwanchanok Uppakara
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand
| | | | - Passanan Singpant
- Stem Cell Research Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Pirut Tong-Ngam
- Stem Cell Research Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Amnat Chukhan
- Prima Scientific, 147/170-171 Baromrajchonnee, Arunamarin, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Wachirachai Pabuprappap
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Sirapope Wongniam
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation and Platform Services Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Usanarat Anurathapan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Kasem Kulkeaw
- Siriraj Integrative Center for Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Alisa Tubsuwan
- Stem Cell Research Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kanit Bhukhai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Blümke A, Ijeoma E, Simon J, Wellington R, Purwaningrum M, Doulatov S, Leber E, Scatena M, Giachelli CM. Comparison of osteoclast differentiation protocols from human induced pluripotent stem cells of different tissue origins. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:319. [PMID: 37936199 PMCID: PMC10631132 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ever since their discovery, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been extensively differentiated into a large variety of cell types. However, a limited amount of work has been dedicated to differentiating iPSCs into osteoclasts. While several differentiation protocols have been published, it remains unclear which protocols or differentiation methods are preferable regarding the differentiation of osteoclasts. METHODS In this study, we compared the osteoclastogenesis capacity of a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived iPSC line to a fibroblast-derived iPSC line in conjunction with either embryoid body-based or monolayer-based differentiation strategies. Both cell lines and differentiation protocols were investigated regarding their ability to generate osteoclasts and their inherent robustness and ease of use. The ability of both cell lines to remain undifferentiated while propagating using a feeder-free system was assessed using alkaline phosphatase staining. This was followed by evaluating mesodermal differentiation and the characterization of hematopoietic progenitor cells using flow cytometry. Finally, osteoclast yield and functionality based on resorptive activity, Cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression were assessed. The results were validated using qRT-PCR throughout the differentiation stages. RESULTS Embryoid body-based differentiation yielded CD45+, CD14+, CD11b+ subpopulations which in turn differentiated into osteoclasts which demonstrated TRAP positivity, Cathepsin K expression and mineral resorptive capabilities. This was regardless of which iPSC line was used. Monolayer-based differentiation yielded lower quantities of hematopoietic cells that were mostly CD34+ and did not subsequently differentiate into osteoclasts. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of this study demonstrates the successful differentiation of osteoclasts from iPSCs in conjunction with the embryoid-based differentiation method, while the monolayer-based method did not yield osteoclasts. No differences were observed regarding osteoclast differentiation between the PBMC and fibroblast-derived iPSC lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Blümke
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Erica Ijeoma
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jessica Simon
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Rachel Wellington
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Medania Purwaningrum
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sergei Doulatov
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Leber
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Marta Scatena
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Cecilia M Giachelli
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Ding J, Araki D, Zou J, Larochelle A. Modulation of WNT, Activin/Nodal, and MAPK Signaling Pathways Increases Arterial Hemogenic Endothelium and Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Formation During Human iPSC Differentiation. Stem Cells 2023; 41:685-697. [PMID: 37220178 PMCID: PMC10346406 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Several differentiation protocols enable the emergence of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), yet optimized schemes to promote the development of HSPCs with self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and engraftment potential are lacking. To improve human iPSC differentiation methods, we modulated WNT, Activin/Nodal, and MAPK signaling pathways by stage-specific addition of small-molecule regulators CHIR99021, SB431542, and LY294002, respectively, and measured the impact on hematoendothelial formation in culture. Manipulation of these pathways provided a synergy sufficient to enhance formation of arterial hemogenic endothelium (HE) relative to control culture conditions. Importantly, this approach significantly increased production of human HSPCs with self-renewal and multilineage differentiation properties, as well as phenotypic and molecular evidence of progressive maturation in culture. Together, these findings provide a stepwise improvement in human iPSC differentiation protocols and offer a framework for manipulating intrinsic cellular cues to enable de novo generation of human HSPCs with functionality in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Li
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jianyi Ding
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daisuke Araki
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andre Larochelle
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Blümke A, Ijeoma E, Simon J, Wellington R, Purwaningrum M, Doulatov S, Leber E, Scatena M, Giachelli CM. Comparison of osteoclast differentiation protocols from human induced pluripotent stem cells of different tissue origins. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3089289. [PMID: 37461708 PMCID: PMC10350192 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3089289/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Ever since their discovery, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been extensively differentiated into a large variety of cell types. However, a limited amount of work has been dedicated to differentiating iPSCs into osteoclasts. While several differentiation protocols have been published, it remains unclear which protocols or differentiation methods are preferrable regarding the differentiation of osteoclasts. Methods In this study we compare the osteoclastogenesis capacity of a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived iPSC line to a fibroblast-derived iPSC line in conjunction with either embryoid body-based or monolayer-based differentiation strategies. Both cell lines and differentiation protocols were investigated regarding their ability to generate osteoclasts and their inherent robustness and ease of use. The ability of both cell lines to remain undifferentiated while propagating using a feeder-free system was assessed using alkaline phosphatase staining. This was followed by evaluating mesodermal differentiation and the characterization of hematopoietic progenitor cells using flow cytometry. Finally, osteoclast yield and functionality based on resorptive activity, Cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression were assessed. Results were validated using qRT-PCR throughout the differentiation stages. Results Embryoid-body based differentiation yielded CD45+, CD14+, CD11b+ subpopulations which in turn differentiated into osteoclasts which demonstrated TRAP positivity, Cathepsin K expression and mineral resorptive capabilities. This was regardless of which iPSC line was used. Monolayer-based differentiation yielded lower quantities of hematopoietic cells that were mostly CD34+ and did not subsequently differentiate into osteoclasts. Conclusions The outcome of this study demonstrates the successful differentiation of osteoclasts from iPSCs in conjunction with the embryoid-based differentiation method, while the monolayer-based method did not yield osteoclasts. No differences were observed regarding osteoclast differentiation between the PBMC and fibroblast-derived iPSC lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica Ijeoma
- University of Washington Department of Bioengineering
| | - Jessica Simon
- University of Washington Department of Bioengineering
| | | | | | | | | | - Marta Scatena
- University of Washington Department of Bioengineering
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Ding J, Araki D, Zou J, Larochelle A. Modulation of WNT, Activin/Nodal and MAPK Signaling Pathways Increases Arterial Hemogenic Endothelium and Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Formation During Human iPSC Differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.21.529379. [PMID: 36865308 PMCID: PMC9980074 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.21.529379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Several differentiation protocols enable the emergence of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), yet optimized schemes to promote the development of HSPCs with self-renewal, multilineage differentiation and engraftment potential are lacking. To improve human iPSC differentiation methods, we modulated WNT, Activin/Nodal and MAPK signaling pathways by stage-specific addition of small molecule regulators CHIR99021, SB431542 and LY294002, respectively, and measured the impact on hematoendothelial formation in culture. Manipulation of these pathways provided a synergy sufficient to enhance formation of arterial hemogenic endothelium (HE) relative to control culture conditions. Importantly, this approach significantly increased production of human HSPCs with self-renewal and multilineage differentiation properties, as well as phenotypic and molecular evidence of progressive maturation in culture. Together, these findings provide a stepwise improvement in human iPSC differentiation protocols and offer a framework for manipulating intrinsic cellular cues to enable de novo generation of human HSPCs with functionality in vivo . Significance Statement The ability to produce functional HSPCs by differentiation of human iPSCs ex vivo holds enormous potential for cellular therapy of human blood disorders. However, obstacles still thwart translation of this approach to the clinic. In keeping with the prevailing arterial-specification model, we demonstrate that concurrent modulation of WNT, Activin/Nodal and MAPK signaling pathways by stage-specific addition of small molecules during human iPSC differentiation provides a synergy sufficient to promote arterialization of HE and production of HSPCs with features of definitive hematopoiesis. This simple differentiation scheme provides a unique tool for disease modeling, in vitro drug screening and eventual cell therapies.
Collapse
|
7
|
De Novo Generation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cellular Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020321. [PMID: 36672255 PMCID: PMC9857267 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to manufacture human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the laboratory holds enormous promise for cellular therapy of human blood diseases. Several differentiation protocols have been developed to facilitate the emergence of HSCs from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Most approaches employ a stepwise addition of cytokines and morphogens to recapitulate the natural developmental process. However, these protocols globally lack clinical relevance and uniformly induce PSCs to produce hematopoietic progenitors with embryonic features and limited engraftment and differentiation capabilities. This review examines how key intrinsic cues and extrinsic environmental inputs have been integrated within human PSC differentiation protocols to enhance the emergence of definitive hematopoiesis and how advances in genomics set the stage for imminent breakthroughs in this field.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rao I, Crisafulli L, Paulis M, Ficara F. Hematopoietic Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells: Hope and Promise for the Treatment of Inherited Blood Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030557. [PMID: 35159366 PMCID: PMC8834203 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited blood disorders comprise a large spectrum of diseases due to germline mutations in genes with key function in the hematopoietic system; they include immunodeficiencies, anemia or metabolic diseases. For most of them the only curative treatment is bone marrow transplantation, a procedure associated to severe complications; other therapies include red blood cell and platelet transfusions, which are dependent on donor availability. An alternative option is gene therapy, in which the wild-type form of the mutated gene is delivered into autologous hematopoietic stem cells using viral vectors. A more recent therapeutic perspective is gene correction through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, that overcomes safety concerns due to insertional mutagenesis and allows correction of base substitutions in large size genes difficult to incorporate into vectors. However, applying this technique to genomic disorders caused by large gene deletions is challenging. Chromosomal transplantation has been proposed as a solution, using a universal source of wild-type chromosomes as donor, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as acceptor. One of the obstacles to be addressed for translating PSC research into clinical practice is the still unsatisfactory differentiation into transplantable hematopoietic stem or mature cells. We provide an overview of the recent progresses in this field and discuss challenges and potential of iPSC-based therapies for the treatment of inherited blood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Rao
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (I.R.); (L.C.); (M.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Laura Crisafulli
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (I.R.); (L.C.); (M.P.)
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Paulis
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (I.R.); (L.C.); (M.P.)
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ficara
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (I.R.); (L.C.); (M.P.)
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deng J, Lancelot M, Jajosky R, Deng Q, Deeb K, Saakadze N, Gao Y, Jaye D, Liu S, Stowell SR, Cheng L, Roback JD. Erythropoietic properties of human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived red blood cells in immunodeficient mice. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:194-202. [PMID: 34779029 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) is a life-saving intervention for anemic patients. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have the capability to expand and differentiate into RBCs (iPSC-RBCs). Here we developed a murine model to investigate the in vivo properties of human iPSC-RBCs. iPSC lines were produced from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by transient expression of plasmids containing OCT4, SOX2, MYC, KLF4, and BCL-XL genes. Human iPSC-RBCs were generated in culture supplemented with human platelet lysate, and were CD34- CD235a+ CD233+ CD49dlow CD71low ; about 13% of iPSC-RBCs were enucleated before transfusion. Systemic administration of clodronate liposomes (CL) and cobra venom factor (CVF) to NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice markedly promoted the circulatory survival of human iPSC-RBCs following transfusion. While iPSC-RBCs progressively decreased with time, 90% of circulating iPSC-RBCs were enucleated 1 day after transfusion (CD235a+ CD233+ CD49d- CD71- ). Surprisingly, human iPSC-RBCs reappeared in the peripheral circulation at 3 weeks after transfusion at levels more than 8-fold higher than at 1 h after transfusion. Moreover, a substantial portion of the transfused nucleated iPSC-RBCs preferentially homed to the bone marrow, and were detectable at 24 days after transfusion. These results suggest that nucleated human iPSC-derived cells that homed to the bone marrow of NSG mice retained the capability to complete differentiation into enucleated erythrocytes and egress the bone marrow into peripheral blood. The results offer a new model using human peripheral blood-derived iPSC and CL/CVF-treated NSG mice to investigate the development and circulation of human erythroid cells in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiusheng Deng
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Moira Lancelot
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Ryan Jajosky
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Qiaomei Deng
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Kristin Deeb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Natia Saakadze
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Yongxing Gao
- Division of Hematology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - David Jaye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Senquan Liu
- Division of Hematology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Sean R. Stowell
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Linzhao Cheng
- Division of Hematology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - John D. Roback
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Boonkaew B, Suwanpitak S, Pattanapanyasat K, Sermsathanasawadi N, Wattanapanitch M. Efficient generation of endothelial cells from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a patient with peripheral arterial disease. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 388:89-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
11
|
Weijts B, Yvernogeau L, Robin C. Recent Advances in Developmental Hematopoiesis: Diving Deeper With New Technologies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:790379. [PMID: 34899758 PMCID: PMC8652083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The journey of a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) involves the passage through successive anatomical sites where HSCs are in direct contact with their surrounding microenvironment, also known as niche. These spatial and temporal cellular interactions throughout development are required for the acquisition of stem cell properties, and for maintaining the HSC pool through balancing self-renewal, quiescence and lineage commitment. Understanding the context and consequences of these interactions will be imperative for our understanding of HSC biology and will lead to the improvement of in vitro production of HSCs for clinical purposes. The aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region is in this light of particular interest since this is the cradle of HSC emergence during the embryonic development of all vertebrate species. In this review, we will focus on the developmental origin of HSCs and will discuss the novel technological approaches and recent progress made to identify the cellular composition of the HSC supportive niche and the underlying molecular events occurring in the AGM region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Weijts
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Laurent Yvernogeau
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Catherine Robin
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Assessment of the Hematopoietic Differentiation Potential of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in 2D and 3D Culture Systems. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112858. [PMID: 34831080 PMCID: PMC8616232 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro methods for hematopoietic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) are a matter of priority for the in-depth research into the mechanisms of early embryogenesis. So-far, published results regarding the generation of hematopoietic cells come from studies using either 2D or 3D culture formats, hence, it is difficult to discern their particular contribution to the development of the concept of a unique in vitro model in close resemblance to in vivo hematopoiesis. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess using the same culture conditions and the same time course, the potential of each of these two formats to support differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to primitive hematopoiesis without exogenous activation of Wnt signaling. METHODS We used in parallel 2D and 3D formats, the same culture environment and assay methods (flow cytometry, IF, qPCR) to investigate stages of commitment and specification of mesodermal, and hemogenic endothelial cells to CD34 hematopoietic cells and evaluated their clonogenic capacity in a CFU system. RESULTS We show an adequate formation of mesoderm, an efficient commitment to hemogenic endothelium, a higher number of CD34 hematopoietic cells, and colony-forming capacity potential only in the 3D format-supported differentiation. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the 3D but not the 2D format ensures the induction and realization by endogenous mechanisms of human pluripotent stem cells' intrinsic differentiation program to primitive hematopoietic cells. We propose that the 3D format provides an adequate level of upregulation of the endogenous Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Collapse
|
13
|
Expression of RUNX1-JAK2 in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hematopoietic Cells Activates the JAK-STAT and MYC Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147576. [PMID: 34299194 PMCID: PMC8304339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A heterogeneous genetic subtype of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia is driven by constitutive kinase-activation, including patients with JAK2 fusions. In our study, we model the impact of a novel JAK2 fusion protein on hematopoietic development in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). We insert the RUNX1-JAK2 fusion into one endogenous RUNX1 allele through employing in trans paired nicking genome editing. Tagging of the fusion with a degron facilitates protein depletion using the heterobifunctional compound dTAG-13. Throughout in vitro hematopoietic differentiation, the expression of RUNX1-JAK2 is driven by endogenous RUNX1 regulatory elements at physiological levels. Functional analysis reveals that RUNX1-JAK2 knock-in cell lines yield fewer hematopoietic progenitors, due to RUNX1 haploinsufficiency. Nevertheless, these progenitors further differentiate toward myeloid lineages to a similar extent as wild-type cells. The expression of the RUNX1-JAK2 fusion protein only elicits subtle effects on myeloid differentiation, and is unable to transform early hematopoietic progenitors. However, phosphoprotein and transcriptome analyses reveal that RUNX1-JAK2 constitutively activates JAK-STAT signaling in differentiating hiPSCs and at the same time upregulates MYC targets—confirming the interaction between these pathways. This proof-of-principle study indicates that conditional expression of oncogenic fusion proteins in combination with hematopoietic differentiation of hiPSCs may be applicable to leukemia-relevant disease modeling.
Collapse
|
14
|
Euchner J, Sprissler J, Cathomen T, Fürst D, Schrezenmeier H, Debatin KM, Schwarz K, Felgentreff K. Natural Killer Cells Generated From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Mature to CD56 brightCD16 +NKp80 +/- In-Vitro and Express KIR2DL2/DL3 and KIR3DL1. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640672. [PMID: 34017328 PMCID: PMC8129508 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into T and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes opens novel possibilities for developmental studies of immune cells and in-vitro generation of cell therapy products. In particular, iPSC-derived NK cells gained interest in adoptive anti-cancer immunotherapies, since they enable generation of homogenous populations of NK cells with and without genetic engineering that can be grown at clinical scale. However, the phenotype of in-vitro generated NK cells is not well characterized. NK cells derive in the bone marrow and mature in secondary lymphoid tissues through distinct stages from CD56brightCD16- to CD56dimCD16+ NK cells that represents the most abandoned population in peripheral blood. In this study, we efficiently generated CD56+CD16+CD3- NK lymphocytes from hiPSC and characterized NK-cell development by surface expression of NK-lineage markers. Hematopoietic priming of hiPSC resulted in 31.9% to 57.4% CD34+CD45+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) that did not require enrichment for NK lymphocyte propagation. HPC were further differentiated into NK cells on OP9-DL1 feeder cells resulting in high purity of CD56brightCD16- and CD56brightCD16+ NK cells. The output of generated NK cells increased up to 40% when OP9-DL1 feeder cells were inactivated with mitomycine C. CD7 expression could be detected from the first week of differentiation indicating priming towards the lymphoid lineage. CD56brightCD16-/+ NK cells expressed high levels of DNAM-1, CD69, natural killer cell receptors NKG2A and NKG2D, and natural cytotoxicity receptors NKp46, NKp44, NKp30. Expression of NKp80 on 40% of NK cells, and a perforin+ and granzyme B+ phenotype confirmed differentiation up to stage 4b. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor KIR2DL2/DL3 and KIR3DL1 were found on up to 3 and 10% of mature NK cells, respectively. NK cells were functional in terms of cytotoxicity, degranulation and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Euchner
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jasmin Sprissler
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Fürst
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kerstin Felgentreff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qanash H, Li Y, Smith RH, Linask K, Young-Baird S, Hakami W, Keyvanfar K, Choy JS, Zou J, Larochelle A. Eltrombopag Improves Erythroid Differentiation in a Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Model of Diamond Blackfan Anemia. Cells 2021; 10:734. [PMID: 33810313 PMCID: PMC8065708 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a congenital macrocytic anemia associated with ribosomal protein haploinsufficiency. Ribosomal dysfunction delays globin synthesis, resulting in excess toxic free heme in erythroid progenitors, early differentiation arrest, and pure red cell aplasia. In this study, DBA induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines were generated from blood mononuclear cells of DBA patients with inactivating mutations in RPS19 and subjected to hematopoietic differentiation to model disease phenotypes. In vitro differentiated hematopoietic cells were used to investigate whether eltrombopag, an FDA-approved mimetic of thrombopoietin with robust intracellular iron chelating properties, could rescue erythropoiesis in DBA by restricting the labile iron pool (LIP) derived from excessive free heme. DBA iPSCs exhibited RPS19 haploinsufficiency, reduction in the 40S/60S ribosomal subunit ratio and early erythroid differentiation arrest in the absence of eltrombopag, compared to control isogenic iPSCs established by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated correction of the RPS19 point mutation. Notably, differentiation of DBA iPSCs in the presence of eltrombopag markedly improved erythroid maturation. Consistent with a molecular mechanism based on intracellular iron chelation, we observed that deferasirox, a clinically licensed iron chelator able to permeate into cells, also enhanced erythropoiesis in our DBA iPSC model. In contrast, erythroid maturation did not improve substantially in DBA iPSC differentiation cultures supplemented with deferoxamine, a clinically available iron chelator that poorly accesses LIP within cellular compartments. These findings identify eltrombopag as a promising new therapeutic to improve anemia in DBA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Husam Qanash
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.Q.); (Y.L.); (R.H.S.); (W.H.)
- Department of Biology, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, The University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yongqin Li
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.Q.); (Y.L.); (R.H.S.); (W.H.)
| | - Richard H. Smith
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.Q.); (Y.L.); (R.H.S.); (W.H.)
| | - Kaari Linask
- iPSC Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Sara Young-Baird
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Waleed Hakami
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.Q.); (Y.L.); (R.H.S.); (W.H.)
- Department of Biology, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA;
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Clinical Flow Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - John S. Choy
- Department of Biology, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA;
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Andre Larochelle
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.Q.); (Y.L.); (R.H.S.); (W.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu S, Wu M, Lancelot M, Deng J, Gao Y, Roback JD, Chen T, Cheng L. BMI1 enables extensive expansion of functional erythroblasts from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1918-1932. [PMID: 33484967 PMCID: PMC8116606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) from ABO-matched but genetically unrelated donors is commonly used for treating anemia and acute blood loss. Increasing demand and insufficient supply for donor RBCs, especially those of universal blood types or free of known and unknown pathogens, has called for ex vivo generation of functional RBCs by large-scale cell culture. However, generating physiological numbers of transfusable cultured RBCs (cRBCs) ex vivo remains challenging, due to our inability to either extensively expand primary RBC precursors (erythroblasts) or achieve efficient enucleation once erythroblasts have been expanded and induced to differentiation and maturation. Here, we report that ectopic expression of the human BMI1 gene confers extensive expansion of human erythroblasts, which can be derived readily from adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells of either healthy donors or sickle cell patients. These extensively expanded erythroblasts (E3s) are able to proliferate exponentially (>1 trillion-fold in 2 months) in a defined culture medium. Expanded E3 cells are karyotypically normal and capable of terminal maturation with approximately 50% enucleation. Additionally, E3-derived cRBCs can circulate in a mouse model following transfusion similar to primary human RBCs. Therefore, we provide a facile approach of generating physiological numbers of human functional erythroblasts ex vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senquan Liu
- Blood and Cell Therapy Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mengyao Wu
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Division of Hematology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Moira Lancelot
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jiusheng Deng
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yongxing Gao
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John D Roback
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Tong Chen
- Division of Hematology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Linzhao Cheng
- Blood and Cell Therapy Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Demirci S, Haro-Mora JJ, Leonard A, Drysdale C, Malide D, Keyvanfar K, Essawi K, Vizcardo R, Tamaoki N, Restifo NP, Tisdale JF, Uchida N. Definitive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from human embryonic stem cells through serum/feeder-free organoid-induced differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:493. [PMID: 33234163 PMCID: PMC7688003 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ex vivo production of hematopoietic stem/precursor cells (HSPCs) represents a promising versatile approach for blood disorders. Methods To derive definitive HSPCs from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we differentiated mesodermally specified embryoid bodies (EBs) on gelatin-coated plates in serum/feeder-free conditions. Results Seven-day EB maturation followed by an 8-day differentiation period on OP9 cells provided the highest number of definitive (CD34+ CD235a−, 69%, p < 0.01) and lowest number of primitive (CD34− CD235a+, 1.55%, p < 0.01) precursor cells along with the highest colony-forming units (149.8 ± 11.6, p < 0.01) in feeder-free conditions. Maximal HSPC fraction (CD34+ CD38− CD45RA− CD49f+ CD90+) was 7.6–8.9% after 10 days of hematopoietic differentiation with 14.5% adult β-globin expression following RBC differentiation. Myeloid and erythroid colonies were restricted strictly to the CD34+ CD43+ fraction (370.5 ± 65.7, p < 0.001), while the CD34− CD43+ fraction produced only a small number of colonies (21.6 ± 11.9). In addition, we differentiated the CD34+ CD43+ cells towards T-lymphocytes using the OP9/DLL1 co-culture system demonstrating double-positive T cells (CD4+ CD8+) with CD3+ expression displaying a broad T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Confocal imaging of organoid-like structures revealed a close association of CD31+ cells with CD34+ and CD43+ cells, suggesting a potential emergence of HSPCs through endothelial to hematopoietic transition. Furthermore, fluorescently labeled organoids exhibited the emergence of spherical non-attached cells from rare progenitors at the border of the organoid center. Conclusions In summary, definitive HSPCs can be derived from ESCs through a dynamic cellular process from an organoid-like structure, where erythroid progeny are capable of producing adult hemoglobin and lymphoid progeny shows a diverse TCR repertoire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selami Demirci
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Juan J Haro-Mora
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alexis Leonard
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Claire Drysdale
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniela Malide
- Light Microscopy Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Khaled Essawi
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Raul Vizcardo
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naritaka Tamaoki
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas P Restifo
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John F Tisdale
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ebrahimi M, Forouzesh M, Raoufi S, Ramazii M, Ghaedrahmati F, Farzaneh M. Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into erythroid cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:483. [PMID: 33198819 PMCID: PMC7667818 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last years, several strategies have been made to obtain mature erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBC) from the bone marrow or umbilical cord blood (UCB). However, UCB-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are a limited source and in vitro large-scale expansion of RBC from HSC remains problematic. One promising alternative can be human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) that provide an unlimited source of cells. Human PSCs, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are self-renewing progenitors that can be differentiated to lineages of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Several previous studies have revealed that human ESCs can differentiate into functional oxygen-carrying erythrocytes; however, the ex vivo expansion of human ESC-derived RBC is subjected to ethical concerns. Human iPSCs can be a suitable therapeutic choice for the in vitro/ex vivo manufacture of RBCs. Reprogramming of human somatic cells through the ectopic expression of the transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c-MYC, LIN28, and NANOG) has provided a new avenue for disease modeling and regenerative medicine. Various techniques have been developed to generate enucleated RBCs from human iPSCs. The in vitro production of human iPSC-derived RBCs can be an alternative treatment option for patients with blood disorders. In this review, we focused on the generation of human iPSC-derived erythrocytes to present an overview of the current status and applications of this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ebrahimi
- Neonatal and Children's Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Forouzesh
- Legal Medicine Organization of Iran, Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Raoufi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramazii
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Beauchemin H, Möröy T. Multifaceted Actions of GFI1 and GFI1B in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Lineage Commitment. Front Genet 2020; 11:591099. [PMID: 33193732 PMCID: PMC7649360 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.591099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factor independence 1 (GFI1) and the closely related protein GFI1B are small nuclear proteins that act as DNA binding transcriptional repressors. Both recognize the same consensus DNA binding motif via their C-terminal zinc finger domains and regulate the expression of their target genes by recruiting chromatin modifiers such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) and demethylases (LSD1) by using an N-terminal SNAG domain that comprises only 20 amino acids. The only region that is different between both proteins is the region that separates the zinc finger domains and the SNAG domain. Both proteins are co-expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and, to some extent, in multipotent progenitors (MPPs), but expression is specified as soon as early progenitors and show signs of lineage bias. While expression of GFI1 is maintained in lymphoid primed multipotent progenitors (LMPPs) that have the potential to differentiate into both myeloid and lymphoid cells, GFI1B expression is no longer detectable in these cells. By contrast, GFI1 expression is lost in megakaryocyte precursors (MKPs) and in megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs), which maintain a high level of GFI1B expression. Consequently, GFI1 drives myeloid and lymphoid differentiation and GFI1B drives the development of megakaryocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes. How such complementary cell type- and lineage-specific functions of GFI1 and GFI1B are maintained is still an unresolved question in particular since they share an almost identical structure and very similar biochemical modes of actions. The cell type-specific accessibility of GFI1/1B binding sites may explain the fact that very similar transcription factors can be responsible for very different transcriptional programming. An additional explanation comes from recent data showing that both proteins may have additional non-transcriptional functions. GFI1 interacts with a number of proteins involved in DNA repair and lack of GFI1 renders HSCs highly susceptible to DNA damage-induced death and restricts their proliferation. In contrast, GFI1B binds to proteins of the beta-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway and lack of GFI1B leads to an expansion of HSCs and MKPs, illustrating the different impact that GFI1 or GFI1B has on HSCs. In addition, GFI1 and GFI1B are required for endothelial cells to become the first blood cells during early murine development and are among those transcription factors needed to convert adult endothelial cells or fibroblasts into HSCs. This role of GFI1 and GFI1B bears high significance for the ongoing effort to generate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells de novo for the autologous treatment of blood disorders such as leukemia and lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Demirci S, Leonard A, Tisdale JF. Hematopoietic stem cells from pluripotent stem cells: Clinical potential, challenges, and future perspectives. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1549-1557. [PMID: 32725882 PMCID: PMC7695636 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is an active and promising area of research; however, generating engraftable HSCs remains a major obstacle. Ex vivo HSC derivation from renewable sources such as iPSCs offers an experimental tool for studying developmental hematopoiesis, disease modeling, and drug discovery, and yields tremendous therapeutic potential for malignant and nonmalignant hematological disorders. Although initial attempts mostly recapitulated yolk sac primitive/definitive hematopoiesis with inability to engraft, recent advances suggest the feasibility of engraftable HSC derivation from iPSCs utilizing ectopic transcription factor expression. Strategic development for de novo HSC generation includes further investigations of HSC ontogeny, and elucidation of critical signaling pathways, epigenetic modulations, HSC and iPSC microenvironment, and cell‐cell interactions that contribute to stem cell biology and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selami Demirci
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexis Leonard
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John F Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Doulgkeroglou MN, Di Nubila A, Niessing B, König N, Schmitt RH, Damen J, Szilvassy SJ, Chang W, Csontos L, Louis S, Kugelmeier P, Ronfard V, Bayon Y, Zeugolis DI. Automation, Monitoring, and Standardization of Cell Product Manufacturing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:811. [PMID: 32766229 PMCID: PMC7381146 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although regenerative medicine products are at the forefront of scientific research, technological innovation, and clinical translation, their reproducibility and large-scale production are compromised by automation, monitoring, and standardization issues. To overcome these limitations, new technologies at software (e.g., algorithms and artificial intelligence models, combined with imaging software and machine learning techniques) and hardware (e.g., automated liquid handling, automated cell expansion bioreactor systems, automated colony-forming unit counting and characterization units, and scalable cell culture plates) level are under intense investigation. Automation, monitoring and standardization should be considered at the early stages of the developmental cycle of cell products to deliver more robust and effective therapies and treatment plans to the bedside, reducing healthcare expenditure and improving services and patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meletios-Nikolaos Doulgkeroglou
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Science Foundation Ireland, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alessia Di Nubila
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Science Foundation Ireland, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Niels König
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert H Schmitt
- Production Engineering Cluster, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jackie Damen
- STEMCELL Technologies Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Wing Chang
- STEMCELL Technologies Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Csontos
- STEMCELL Technologies Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Louis
- STEMCELL Technologies Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Vincent Ronfard
- College System of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States.,Cutiss AG, Zurich, Switzerland.,HairClone, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yves Bayon
- Medtronic - Sofradim Production, Trévoux, France
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Science Foundation Ireland, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Haro-Mora JJ, Uchida N, Demirci S, Wang Q, Zou J, Tisdale JF. Biallelic correction of sickle cell disease-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) confirmed at the protein level through serum-free iPS-sac/erythroid differentiation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:590-602. [PMID: 32034898 PMCID: PMC7180291 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
New technologies of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and genome editing have emerged, allowing for the development of autologous transfusion therapies. We previously demonstrated definitive β‐globin production from human embryonic stem cell (hESC)‐derived erythroid cell generation via hemangioblast‐like ES‐sacs. In this study, we demonstrated normal β‐globin protein production from biallelic corrected sickle cell disease (SCD) iPSCs. We optimized our ES/iPS‐sac method for feeder cell‐free hESC maintenance followed by serum‐free ES‐sac generation, which is preferred for electroporation‐based genome editing. Surprisingly, the optimized protocol improved yields of ES‐sacs (25.9‐fold), hematopoietic‐like spherical cells (14.8‐fold), and erythroid cells (5.8‐fold), compared with our standard ES‐sac generation. We performed viral vector‐free gene correction in SCD iPSCs, resulting in one clone with monoallelic and one clone with biallelic correction, and using this serum‐free iPS‐sac culture, corrected iPSC‐generated erythroid cells with normal β‐globin, confirmed at DNA and protein levels. Our serum‐free ES/iPS‐sac protocol with gene correction will be useful to develop regenerative transfusion therapies for SCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Haro-Mora
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Selami Demirci
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Qi Wang
- iPS Cell Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPS Cell Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John F Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|