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Zhou X, Li Z, Chen H, Jiao M, Zhou C, Li H. Relevance Analysis of TPM2 and Clinicopathological Characteristics in Breast Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:59-74. [PMID: 38221941 PMCID: PMC10788065 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s442004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The function of tropomyosin 2 (TPM2) in breast cancer is still far understudied. In this study, we aim to explore the roles of TPM2 in breast cancer progression. Methods This research included 155 breast cancer tissues. The expression of TPM2 was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and grading. The mRNA expression of TPM2 in pan-cancer was analyzed with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data plate form. The differential expression of TPM2 protein and the differential promoter methylation level of TPM2 between breast cancer tissues and normal breast tissues were analyzed by the UALCAN online database. The relationship between TPM2 and signaling pathways was interpreted by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) pathway enrichment analyses. The survival curve of TPM2 was analyzed across the Kaplan-Meier plotter online database. Furthermore, the relationship between TPM2 expression and infiltrating macrophages was validated through in vitro co-culture experiments. Results TPM2 expression was significantly down-regulated in breast cancer samples. In addition, TPM2 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and high-grade histopathological morphology. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that TPM2 expression could well distinguish between normal breast tissue and breast cancer tissue. TPM2 may have potential value in breast cancer diagnosis. Bioinformatics analysis illustrated that TPM2 was mainly involved in extracellular matrix organization, collagen fibril organization, cell junction assembly, focal adhesion, cAMP signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and adaptive immune system. TPM2 expression was correlated with immune infiltrating cells and immune checkpoint molecules. Our in vitro co-culture experiments showed that the M2 macrophages could upregulate the expression of TPM2. Conclusion TPM2 may play key roles in breast cancer occurrence and development, especially in cancer metastasis. TPM2 may be a potential biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhishuang Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Jiao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengjun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
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How Actin Tracks Affect Myosin Motors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1239:183-197. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38062-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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3
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Qu B, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Gao Z, Zhang S. Characterization of a novel protein identified by proteomics analysis as a modulator of inflammatory networks in amphioxus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 96:97-106. [PMID: 31805412 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory response is an innate host defense mechanism, and its regulation is essential for the host to get rid of harm by the excessive reactions. We first utilized proteomics approach to identify amphioxus humoral fluid proteins in response to LPS-induced inflammation. A total of 26 differentially expressed proteins, mainly involved in energy metabolism and cytoskeleton rearrangement processes, were identified between LPS-treated and control animals. Furthermore, we found a single uncharacterized protein (termed BjIM1) out of the most up-regulated ones, and examined its role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. BjIM1 is predominantly expressed in the hepatic caecum, and its promoter sequence includes many binding sites for immune-relevant transcription factors. Importantly, recombinant BjIM1 (rBjIM1) is able to inhibit LPS-induced up-regulation of TLR pathway genes, such as MyD88, IKK, NF-κB1, Rel, p38, JNK and AP-1, indicating that BjIM1 may negatively regulate the TLR signaling pathway in amphioxus. Moreover, rBjIM1 also modulates the expression of genes involved in the interaction network of inflammation, energy metabolism and cytoskeleton rearrangement, including SIRT1, Rac1 and NOX2, in the LPS-induced inflammatory response in amphioxus. Collectively, our studies suggest that BjIM1 is an uncharacterized protein functioning as a modulator of inflammatory networks in amphioxus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Qu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zengyu Ma
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Gajbhiye R, Bendigeri T, Ghuge A, Bhusane K, Begum S, Warty N, Sawant R, Padte K, Humane A, Dasmahapatra P, Chauhan A, Khan S. Panel of Autoimmune Markers for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Minimal–Mild Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:413-420. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116657190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gajbhiye
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Trupti Bendigeri
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Arun Ghuge
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Kashmira Bhusane
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Shahina Begum
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Neeta Warty
- Sanjivani Diagnostic Centre and General Maternity Home, Mumbai, India
| | - Raj Sawant
- Sanjivani Diagnostic Centre and General Maternity Home, Mumbai, India
| | - Kedar Padte
- Dr Kedar’s Maternity, Infertility, and Surgical Hospital, Endoscopy and IVF Center, Goa, India
| | - Anil Humane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Anahita Chauhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seth G. S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Shagufta Khan
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
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5
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Sun BO, Fang Y, Li Z, Chen Z, Xiang J. Role of cellular cytoskeleton in epithelial-mesenchymal transition process during cancer progression. Biomed Rep 2015; 3:603-610. [PMID: 26405532 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, cancer metastases remain a major clinical problem that highlights the importance of recognition of the metastatic process in cancer diagnosis and treatment. A critical process associated with the metastasis process is the transformation of epithelial cells toward the motile mesenchymal state, a process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Increasing evidence suggests the crucial role of the cytoskeleton in the EMT process. The cytoskeleton is composed of the actin cytoskeleton, the microtubule network and the intermediate filaments that provide structural design and mechanical strength that is necessary for the EMT. The dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is a prerequisite for the morphology, migration and invasion of cancer cells. The microtubule network is the cytoskeleton that provides the driving force during cell migration. Intermediate filaments are significantly rearranged, typically switching from cytokeratin-rich to vimentin-rich networks during the EMT process, accompanied by a greatly enhanced cell motility capacity. In the present review, the recent novel insights into the different cytoskeleton underlying EMT are summarized. There are numerous advances in our understanding of the fundamental role of the cytoskeleton in cancer cell invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yantian Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zongyou Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jianbin Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Khaitlina SY. Tropomyosin as a Regulator of Actin Dynamics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 318:255-91. [PMID: 26315888 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tropomyosin is a major regulatory protein of contractile systems and cytoskeleton, an actin-binding protein that positions laterally along actin filaments and modulates actin-myosin interaction. About 40 tropomyosin isoforms have been found in a variety of cytoskeleton systems, not necessarily connected with actin-myosin interaction and contraction. Involvement of specific tropomyosin isoforms in the regulation of key cell processes was shown, and specific features of tropomyosin genes and protein structure have been investigated with molecular biology and genetics approaches. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of tropomyosin on cytoskeleton dynamics are still unclear. As tropomyosin is primarily an F-actin-binding protein, it is important to understand how it interacts both with actin and actin-binding proteins functioning in muscles and cytoskeleton to regulate actin dynamics. This review focuses on biochemical data on the effects of tropomyosin on actin assembly and dynamics, as well as on the modulation of these effects by actin-binding proteins. The data indicate that tropomyosin can efficiently regulate actin dynamics via allosteric conformational changes within actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Yu Khaitlina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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Schevzov G, Kee AJ, Wang B, Sequeira VB, Hook J, Coombes JD, Lucas CA, Stehn JR, Musgrove EA, Cretu A, Assoian R, Fath T, Hanoch T, Seger R, Pleines I, Kile BT, Hardeman EC, Gunning PW. Regulation of cell proliferation by ERK and signal-dependent nuclear translocation of ERK is dependent on Tm5NM1-containing actin filaments. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:2475-90. [PMID: 25971798 PMCID: PMC4571302 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-10-1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin Tm5NM1 regulates cell proliferation and organ size. It mediates this effect by regulating the interaction of pERK and Imp7, leading to the regulation of pERK nuclear translocation. This demonstrates a role for a specific population of actin filaments in regulating a critical step in the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. ERK-regulated cell proliferation requires multiple phosphorylation events catalyzed first by MEK and then by casein kinase 2 (CK2), followed by interaction with importin7 and subsequent nuclear translocation of pERK. We report that genetic manipulation of a core component of the actin filaments of cancer cells, the tropomyosin Tm5NM1, regulates the proliferation of normal cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking Tm5NM1, which have reduced proliferative capacity, are insensitive to inhibition of ERK by peptide and small-molecule inhibitors, indicating that ERK is unable to regulate proliferation of these knockout (KO) cells. Treatment of wild-type MEFs with a CK2 inhibitor to block phosphorylation of the nuclear translocation signal in pERK resulted in greatly decreased cell proliferation and a significant reduction in the nuclear translocation of pERK. In contrast, Tm5NM1 KO MEFs, which show reduced nuclear translocation of pERK, were unaffected by inhibition of CK2. This suggested that it is nuclear translocation of CK2-phosphorylated pERK that regulates cell proliferation and this capacity is absent in Tm5NM1 KO cells. Proximity ligation assays confirmed a growth factor–stimulated interaction of pERK with Tm5NM1 and that the interaction of pERK with importin7 is greatly reduced in the Tm5NM1 KO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Schevzov
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anthony J Kee
- Cellular and Genetic Medicine Unit, University of New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bin Wang
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vanessa B Sequeira
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jeff Hook
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jason D Coombes
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Christine A Lucas
- Cellular and Genetic Medicine Unit, University of New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Justine R Stehn
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Musgrove
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Alexandra Cretu
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Richard Assoian
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Thomas Fath
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tamar Hanoch
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rony Seger
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Irina Pleines
- Cancer and Hematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- Cancer and Hematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Edna C Hardeman
- Cellular and Genetic Medicine Unit, University of New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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8
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Couderc C, Bollard J, Couté Y, Massoma P, Poncet G, Lepinasse F, Hervieu V, Gadot N, Sanchez JC, Scoazec JY, Diaz JJ, Roche C. Mechanisms of local invasion in enteroendocrine tumors: identification of novel candidate cytoskeleton-associated proteins in an experimental mouse model by a proteomic approach and validation in human tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 399:154-63. [PMID: 25224486 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Small-intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) are defined as locally invasive only after extension to the muscularis propria. To gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms, we applied a proteomic approach to an orthotopic xenograft model to identify candidate proteins evaluable in human SI-NETs. After grafting STC-1 neuroendocrine tumor cells on the caecum of nude mice, comparative proteomic studies were performed between the pre-invasive and the invasive stages, respectively 2 and 8 weeks after grafting. We identified 24 proteins displaying at least a 1.5-fold differential expression between 2 and 8 week-stages. Most were cytoskeleton-associated proteins, among which five showed decreasing expression levels (CRMP2, TCP1ε, TPM2, vimentin, desmin) and two increasing expression levels (14-3-3γ, CK8). Changes for CRMP2, TCP1ε, TPM2 and 14-3-3γ were confirmed in experimental tumors and in a series of 28 human SI-NETs. In conclusion, our results underline the relevance of proteomics to identify novel biomarkers of tissue invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Couderc
- INSERM, U1052, CNRS, UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Equipe «Différenciation Endocrine et Tumorigenèse», Faculté Laënnec, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69372, France
| | - Julien Bollard
- INSERM, U1052, CNRS, UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Equipe «Différenciation Endocrine et Tumorigenèse», Faculté Laënnec, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69372, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- INSERM, U1038, CEA iRTSV, Biologie à Grande Echelle, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38054, France
| | - Patrick Massoma
- INSERM, U1052, CNRS, UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Equipe «Différenciation Endocrine et Tumorigenèse», Faculté Laënnec, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69372, France
| | - Gilles Poncet
- INSERM, U1052, CNRS, UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Equipe «Différenciation Endocrine et Tumorigenèse», Faculté Laënnec, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69372, France; Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon F-69437, France
| | - Florian Lepinasse
- Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service Central d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon F-69437, France
| | - Valérie Hervieu
- INSERM, U1052, CNRS, UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Equipe «Différenciation Endocrine et Tumorigenèse», Faculté Laënnec, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69372, France; Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service Central d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon F-69437, France
| | - Nicolas Gadot
- Fédération de Recherche Santé Lyon-Est, Plateforme Anipath, Faculté Laënnec, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69372, France
| | - Jean-Charles Sanchez
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Bioinformatique, Biomedical Proteomics Research Group, Centre Médical Universitaire, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Yves Scoazec
- INSERM, U1052, CNRS, UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Equipe «Différenciation Endocrine et Tumorigenèse», Faculté Laënnec, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69372, France; Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service Central d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon F-69437, France; Fédération de Recherche Santé Lyon-Est, Plateforme Anipath, Faculté Laënnec, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69372, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Diaz
- INSERM, U1052, CNRS, UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Equipe «Domaines Nucléaires et Pathologies», Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69373, France
| | - Colette Roche
- INSERM, U1052, CNRS, UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Equipe «Différenciation Endocrine et Tumorigenèse», Faculté Laënnec, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69372, France.
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9
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Desouza M, Gunning PW, Stehn JR. The actin cytoskeleton as a sensor and mediator of apoptosis. BIOARCHITECTURE 2014; 2:75-87. [PMID: 22880146 PMCID: PMC3414384 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.20975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an important biological process required for the removal of unwanted or damaged cells. Mounting evidence implicates the actin cytoskeleton as both a sensor and mediator of apoptosis. Studies also suggest that actin binding proteins (ABPs) significantly contribute to apoptosis and that actin dynamics play a key role in regulating apoptosis signaling. Changes in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton has been attributed to the process of malignant transformation and it is hypothesized that remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton may enable tumor cells to evade normal apoptotic signaling. This review aims to illuminate the role of the actin cytoskeleton in apoptosis by systematically analyzing how actin and ABPs regulate different apoptosis pathways and to also highlight the potential for developing novel compounds that target tumor-specific actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Desouza
- Oncology Research Unit; School of Medical Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Sydney, Australia
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10
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Sun Z, Jiang Q, Wang L, Zhou Z, Wang M, Yi Q, Song L. The comparative proteomics analysis revealed the modulation of inducible nitric oxide on the immune response of scallop Chlamys farreri. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 40:584-94. [PMID: 25149594 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important gasotransmitter which plays a key role on the modulation of immune response in all vertebrates and invertebrates. In the present study, the modulation of inducible NO on immune response of scallop Chlamys farreri was investigated via proteomic analysis. Total proteins from hepatopancreas of scallops treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or the inhibitor of vertebrate inducible NO synthase (S-methylisothiourea sulfate, SMT) for 12 h were analyzed via 2-D PAGE and ImageMaster 2D Platinum. There were 890, 1189 and 1046 protein spots detected in the groups treated by phosphate buffered saline (PBS), LPS and LPS+SMT, respectively, and 26 differentially expressed protein spots were identified among them. These proteins were annotated with binding or catalytic activity, and most of them were involved in metabolic or cellular processes. Some immune-related or antioxidant-related molecules such as single Ig IL-1-related receptor, guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-like protein and peroxiredoxin were identified, and the changes of their expression levels in LPS group were intensified significantly after adding SMT. The decreased expression level of tyrosinase and increased level of glutathione S-transferase 4 in LPS group were diametrically reversed by appending SMT. Moreover, interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20-like protein and copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase were only induced by LPS+SMT stimulation but not by LPS stimulation. These data indicated that NO could modulate many immunity processes in scallop, such as NF-κB transactivation, cytoskeleton reorganization and other pivotal processes, and it was also involved in the energy metabolism, posttranslational modification, detoxification and redox balance during the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiufen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qilin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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11
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Stehn JR, Haass NK, Bonello T, Desouza M, Kottyan G, Treutlein H, Zeng J, Nascimento PRBB, Sequeira VB, Butler TL, Allanson M, Fath T, Hill TA, McCluskey A, Schevzov G, Palmer SJ, Hardeman EC, Winlaw D, Reeve VE, Dixon I, Weninger W, Cripe TP, Gunning PW. A novel class of anticancer compounds targets the actin cytoskeleton in tumor cells. Cancer Res 2014; 73:5169-82. [PMID: 23946473 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is a potentially vulnerable property of cancer cells, yet chemotherapeutic targeting attempts have been hampered by unacceptable toxicity. In this study, we have shown that it is possible to disrupt specific actin filament populations by targeting isoforms of tropomyosin, a core component of actin filaments, that are selectively upregulated in cancers. A novel class of anti-tropomyosin compounds has been developed that preferentially disrupts the actin cytoskeleton of tumor cells, impairing both tumor cell motility and viability. Our lead compound, TR100, is effective in vitro and in vivo in reducing tumor cell growth in neuroblastoma and melanoma models. Importantly, TR100 shows no adverse impact on cardiac structure and function, which is the major side effect of current anti-actin drugs. This proof-of-principle study shows that it is possible to target specific actin filament populations fundamental to tumor cell viability based on their tropomyosin isoform composition. This improvement in specificity provides a pathway to the development of a novel class of anti-actin compounds for the potential treatment of a wide variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine R Stehn
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia
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12
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McMichael BK, Scherer KF, Franklin NC, Lee BS. The RhoGAP activity of myosin IXB is critical for osteoclast podosome patterning, motility, and resorptive capacity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87402. [PMID: 24466350 PMCID: PMC3900720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage that generate specialized substrate adhesion complexes to facilitate their function as bone-degrading cells. The patterning and function of these actin-based complexes, podosomes and sealing zones, are regulated by the small GTPase Rho. Myosin IXB (Myo9b) is a unique actin-based motor protein that contains a RhoGAP domain, which, like other RhoGAPs, is inhibitory to Rho signaling. In this study, Myo9b is shown to be expressed in osteoclasts and act as a critical regulator of podosome patterning and osteoclast function. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of Myo9b results in increased activity of Rho but not Rac in osteoclasts. Knockdown in osteoclasts on glass results in altered podosome patterning and decreased motility, and this effect is reversed by addition of a Rho inhibitor. SiRNA-mediated suppression of Myo9b expression in osteoclasts on bone results in a dramatic loss of resorptive capacity even though sealing zones appear normal. This loss of resorption is also reversible with addition of a Rho inhibitor. Cells with diminished Myo9b levels display mislocalization and suppressed activation of Src, a tyrosine kinase with critical effects on osteoclast actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and function. In addition, siRNA-treated cells display poorly formed microtubule networks and a lack of tubulin acetylation, a marker of microtubule stability. However, short-term addition of TNFα to cells with suppressed Myo9b levels overcomes or circumvents these defects and causes increased sealing zone size and resorptive capacity. These results indicate that the RhoGAP activity of Myo9b plays a key role in regulating the actin-based structures necessary for osteoclast motility and resorption, and confirms that Myo9b can act as a motorized signaling molecule that links Rho signaling to the dynamic actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke K. McMichael
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Katharine F. Scherer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nicole C. Franklin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Beth S. Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kabbage M, Trimeche M, Ben Nasr H, Hammann P, Kuhn L, Hamrita B, Chahed K. Tropomyosin-4 correlates with higher SBR grades and tubular differentiation in infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas: an immunohistochemical and proteomics-based study. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:3593-602. [PMID: 23812729 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate tropomyosin-4 (TM4) expression in infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas (IDCAs), as well as its prognostic significance. Using a 2-DE/MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry investigation coupled with an immunohistochemical approach, we have assessed the expression of TM4 in IDCAs, as well as in other types of breast tumors. Proteomic analyses revealed an increased expression of tropomyosin-4 in IDCA tumors. Using immunohistochemistry, overexpression of tropomyosin-4 was confirmed in 51 additional tumor specimens. Statistical analyses revealed, however, no significant correlations between tropomyosin-4 expression and clinicopathological parameters of the disease including tumor stage, patient age, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, and lymph node metastasis occurrence. A significant association was found, however, with a high Scarf-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) grade, a known marker of tumor severity. Additionally, the SBR component showing a correlation with TM4 expression was the tubular differentiation status. This study demonstrates the upregulation of tropomyosin-4 in IDCA tissues, which may highlight its involvement in breast cancer development. Our findings also support a link between tropomyosin-4 expression and aggressiveness of IDCA tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kabbage
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Oncologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, Al Munastir, Tunisia
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14
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Abstract
Ca(2+)-mediated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton is a dynamic process that regulates cell motility through the modulation of rho guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) signaling. Kidney podocytes are unique, pericyte-like cells with a complex cellular organization consisting of a cell body, major processes, and foot processes (FPs). The FPs form a characteristic interdigitating pattern with FPs of neighboring podocytes, leaving in between filtration slits that are covered by the slit diaphragm (SD). The actin-based FP and the SD form the final barrier to proteinuria. Mutations affecting several podocyte proteins cause disruption of the filtration barrier and rearrangement of the highly dynamic podocyte actin cytoskeleton. Proteins regulating the plasticity of the podocyte actin cytoskeleton are therefore of critical importance for sustained kidney barrier function. Dynamic regulation of the actin-based contractile apparatus in podocyte FPs is essential for sustained kidney filter function. Thus, the podocyte represents an excellent model system to study calcium signaling and actin dynamics in a physiologic context. Here, we discuss the regulation of podocyte actin dynamics by angiotensin or bradykinin-mediated calcium influx and downstream Rho GTPase signaling pathways and how these pathways are operative in other cells including fibroblasts and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Greka
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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15
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Grantham J, Lassing I, Karlsson R. Controlling the cortical actin motor. PROTOPLASMA 2012; 249:1001-1015. [PMID: 22526202 PMCID: PMC3459087 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Actin is the essential force-generating component of the microfilament system, which powers numerous motile processes in eukaryotic cells and undergoes dynamic remodeling in response to different internal and external signaling. The ability of actin to polymerize into asymmetric filaments is the inherent property behind the site-directed force-generating capacity that operates during various intracellular movements and in surface protrusions. Not surprisingly, a broad variety of signaling pathways and components are involved in controlling and coordinating the activities of the actin microfilament system in a myriad of different interactions. The characterization of these processes has stimulated cell biologists for decades and has, as a consequence, resulted in a huge body of data. The purpose here is to present a cellular perspective on recent advances in our understanding of the microfilament system with respect to actin polymerization, filament structure and specific folding requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Grantham
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Lassing
- Department of Cell Biology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger Karlsson
- Department of Cell Biology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Yamashiro S, Gokhin DS, Kimura S, Nowak RB, Fowler VM. Tropomodulins: pointed-end capping proteins that regulate actin filament architecture in diverse cell types. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2012; 69:337-70. [PMID: 22488942 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tropomodulins are a family of four proteins (Tmods 1-4) that cap the pointed ends of actin filaments in actin cytoskeletal structures in a developmentally regulated and tissue-specific manner. Unique among capping proteins, Tmods also bind tropomyosins (TMs), which greatly enhance the actin filament pointed-end capping activity of Tmods. Tmods are defined by a TM-regulated/Pointed-End Actin Capping (TM-Cap) domain in their unstructured N-terminal portion, followed by a compact, folded Leucine-Rich Repeat/Pointed-End Actin Capping (LRR-Cap) domain. By inhibiting actin monomer association and dissociation from pointed ends, Tmods regulate actin dynamics and turnover, stabilizing actin filament lengths and cytoskeletal architecture. In this review, we summarize the genes, structural features, molecular and biochemical properties, actin regulatory mechanisms, expression patterns, and cell and tissue functions of Tmods. By understanding Tmods' functions in the context of their molecular structure, actin regulation, binding partners, and related variants (leiomodins 1-3), we can draw broad conclusions that can explain the diverse morphological and functional phenotypes that arise from Tmod perturbation experiments in vitro and in vivo. Tmod-based stabilization and organization of intracellular actin filament networks provide key insights into how the emergent properties of the actin cytoskeleton drive tissue morphogenesis and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Yamashiro
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Zhou Z, Zhou J, Du Y. Estrogen receptor alpha interacts with mitochondrial protein HADHB and affects beta-oxidation activity. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:M111.011056. [PMID: 22375075 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.011056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that estrogen receptors can function as nuclear receptors and transcription factors in the nucleus and as signaling molecules in the plasma membrane. In addition, the localization of the receptors in mitochondria suggests that they may play important roles in mitochondria. In order to identify novel proteins that are involved in ERα-mediated actions of estrogens, we used a proteomic method that integrated affinity purification, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry to isolate and identify cellular proteins that interact with ERα. One of the proteins identified was trifunctional protein β-subunit (HADHB), a mitochondrial protein that is required for β-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria. We have verified the interaction between ERα and HADHB by coimmunoprecipitation and established that ERα directly binds to HADHB by performing an in vitro binding assay. In addition, we have shown that ERα colocalizes with HADHB in the mitochondria by confocal microscopy, and the two proteins interact with each other within mitochondria by performing coimmunoprecipitation using purified mitochondria as starting materials. We have demonstrated that the expression of ERα affects HADHB activity, and a combination of 17β-estrodiol and tamoxifen affects the activity of HADHB prepared from human breast cancer cells that express ERα but not from the cells that are ERα deficient. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that 17β-estrodiol plus tamoxifen affects the association of ERα with HADHB in human cell extract. Our results suggest that HADHB is a functional molecular target of ERα in the mitochondria, and the interaction may play an important role in the estrogen-mediated lipid metabolism in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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Schevzov G, Curthoys NM, Gunning PW, Fath T. Functional diversity of actin cytoskeleton in neurons and its regulation by tropomyosin. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 298:33-94. [PMID: 22878104 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394309-5.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurons comprise functionally, molecularly, and spatially distinct subcellular compartments which include the soma, dendrites, axon, branches, dendritic spines, and growth cones. In this chapter, we detail the remarkable ability of the neuronal cytoskeleton to exquisitely regulate all these cytoplasmic distinct partitions, with particular emphasis on the microfilament system and its plethora of associated proteins. Importance will be given to the family of actin-associated proteins, tropomyosin, in defining distinct actin filament populations. The ability of tropomyosin isoforms to regulate the access of actin-binding proteins to the filaments is believed to define the structural diversity and dynamics of actin filaments and ultimately be responsible for the functional outcome of these filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Schevzov
- Oncology Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
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Rescue of tropomyosin deficiency in Drosophila and human cancer cells by synaptopodin reveals a role of tropomyosin α in RhoA stabilization. EMBO J 2011; 31:1028-40. [PMID: 22157816 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosins are widespread actin-binding proteins that influence numerous cellular functions including actin dynamics, cell migration, tumour suppression, and Drosophila oocyte development. Synaptopodin is another actin-binding protein with a more restricted expression pattern in highly dynamic cell compartments such as kidney podocyte foot processes, where it promotes RhoA signalling by blocking the Smurf1-mediated ubiquitination of RhoA. Here, we show that synaptopodin has a shorter half-life but shares functional properties with the highly stable tropomyosin. Transgenic expression of synaptopodin restores oskar mRNA localization in Drosophila oocytes mutant for TmII, thereby rescuing germline differentiation and fertility. Synaptopodin restores stress fibres in tropomyosin-deficient human MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells and TPMα-depleted fibroblasts. Gene silencing of TPMα but not TPMβ causes loss of stress fibres by promoting Smurf1-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of RhoA. Functionally, overexpression of synaptopodin or RhoA(K6,7R) significantly reduces MDA-MB 231 cell migration. Our findings elucidate RhoA stabilization by structurally unrelated actin-binding proteins as a conserved mechanism for regulation of stress fibre dynamics and cell motility in a cell type-specific fashion.
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20
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Zare M, Jazii FR, Soheili ZS, Moghanibashi MM. Downregulation of tropomyosin-1 in squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus, the role of Ras signaling and methylation. Mol Carcinog 2011; 51:796-806. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.20847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Wang M, Li W, Chang GQ, Ye CS, Ou JS, Li XX, Liu Y, Cheang TY, Huang XL, Wang SM. MicroRNA-21 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell function via targeting tropomyosin 1 in arteriosclerosis obliterans of lower extremities. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:2044-53. [PMID: 21817107 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.229559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine the expression signature and the potential role of microRNAs in human arteries with arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO). METHODS AND RESULTS The expression profiles of microRNAs in human arteries with ASO and in normal control arteries were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction array. Among the 617 detected microRNAs, multiple microRNAs were aberrantly expressed in arteries with ASO. Some of these dysregulated microRNAs were further verified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Among them, microRNA-21 (miR-21) was mainly located in arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) and was increased by more than 7-fold in ASO that was related to hypoxia inducible factor 1-α. In cultured human ASMCs, cell proliferation and migration were significantly decreased by inhibition of miR-21. 3'-Untranslated region luciferase assay confirmed that tropomyosin 1 was a target of miR-21 that was involved in miR-21-mediated cellular effects, such as cell shape modulation. CONCLUSION The results suggest that miR-21 is able to regulate ASMC function by targeting tropomyosin 1. The hypoxia inducible factor-1 α/miR-21/tropomyosin 1 pathway may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ASO. These findings might provide a new therapeutic target for human ASO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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22
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Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is indispensable for normal cellular function. In particular, several actin-based structures coordinate cellular motility, a process hijacked by tumor cells in order to facilitate their propagation to distant sites. The actin cytoskeleton, therefore, represents a point for chemotherapeutic intervention. The challenge in disrupting the actin cytoskeleton is in preserving actin-driven contraction of cardiac and skeletal muscle. By targeting actin-binding proteins with altered expression in malignancy, it may be possible to achieve tumor-specific toxicity. A number of actin-binding proteins act cooperatively and synergistically to regulate actin structures required for motility. The actin cytoskeleton is characterized by a significant degree of plasticity. Targeting specific actin-binding proteins for chemotherapy will only be successful if no other compensatory mechanisms exist.
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Shi J, Sun M, Vogt PK. Smooth muscle α-actin is a direct target of PLZF: effects on the cytoskeleton and on susceptibility to oncogenic transformation. Oncotarget 2011; 1:9-21. [PMID: 20634973 PMCID: PMC2903758 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in cell morphology and rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton are common features accompanying cell transformation induced by various oncogenes. In this study, we show that promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) binds to the promoter of smooth muscle α-actin, reducing mRNA and protein levels encoded by this gene and resulting in a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. In cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF), this effect on α-actin expression is correlated with a change in cellular phenotype from spindle shaped to polygonal and flattened. This morphological change is dependent on Ras function. The polygonal, flattened CEF show a high degree of resistance to the transforming activity of several oncoproteins. Our results support the conclusion that reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in tumor suppression by PLZF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shi
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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24
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Chen CI, Bergsagel PL, Paul H, Xu W, Lau A, Dave N, Kukreti V, Wei E, Leung-Hagesteijn C, Li ZH, Brandwein J, Pantoja M, Johnston J, Gibson S, Hernandez T, Spaner D, Trudel S. Single-agent lenalidomide in the treatment of previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2010; 29:1175-81. [PMID: 21189385 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.29.8133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lenalidomide is an oral immunomodulatory drug with multiple effects on the immune system and tumor cell microenvironment leading to inhibition of malignant cell growth. Based on encouraging reports of lenalidomide in relapsed and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we investigated the first-line use of single-agent lenalidomide in CLL. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using a starting dose of lenalidomide 10 mg/d for 21 days of a 28-day cycle and weekly 5-mg dose escalations to a target of 25 mg, we encountered severe toxicities (tumor lysis, fatal sepsis) in the first two patients enrolled. The study was halted and the protocol amended to a more conservative regimen: starting dose of lenalidomide 2.5 mg with monthly escalations to a target dose of 10 mg, and extended tumor lysis prophylaxis and monitoring. Gene expression profiles from patient samples before and after 7 days of lenalidomide were performed. RESULTS Twenty-five patients were enrolled on the amended protocol. No further tumor lysis events were reported. Tumor flare was common (88%) but mild. Grade 3 to 4 neutropenia occurred in 72% of patients, with only five episodes of febrile neutropenia. The overall response rate was 56% (no complete responses). Although rapid peripheral lymphocyte reductions were observed, rebound lymphocytoses during the week off-therapy were common. Lenalidomide-induced molecular changes enriched for cytoskeletal and immune-related genes were identified. CONCLUSION Lenalidomide is clinically active as first-line CLL therapy and is well-tolerated if a conservative approach with slow dose escalation is used. A lenalidomide-induced molecular signature provides insights into its immunomodulatory mechanisms of action in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine I Chen
- Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Texada MJ, Simonette RA, Deery WJ, Beckingham KM. Tropomyosin is an interaction partner of the Drosophila coiled coil protein yuri gagarin. Exp Cell Res 2010; 317:474-87. [PMID: 21126519 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Drosophila gene yuri gagarin is a complex locus encoding three protein isoform classes that are ubiquitously expressed in the organism. Mutations to the gene affect processes as diverse as gravitactic behavior and spermatogenesis. The larger Yuri isoforms contain extensive coiled-coil regions. Our previous studies indicate that one of the large isoform classes (Yuri-65) is required for formation of specialized F-actin-containing structures generated during spermatogenesis, including the so-called actin "cones" that mediate spermatid individualization. We used the tandem affinity purification of a tagged version of Yuri-65 (the TAP-tagging technique) to identify proteins associated with Yuri-65 in the intact organism. Tropomyosin, primarily as the 284-residue isoform derived from the ubiquitously expressed Tropomyosin 1 gene was thus identified as a major Yuri interaction partner. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed this interaction. We have established that the stable F-actin cones of spermatogenesis contain Tropomyosin 1 (Tm1) and that in mutant yuri(F64), failure of F-actin cone formation is associated with failure of Tm1 to accumulate at the cone initiation sites. In investigating possible interactions of Tm1 and Yuri in other tissues, we discovered that Tm1 and Yuri frequently colocalize with the endoplasmic reticulum. Tropomyosin has been implicated in actin-mediated membrane trafficking activity in other systems. Our findings suggest that Yuri-Tm1 complexes participate in related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Texada
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, MS-140, 6100 Main Street, Houston TX 77005, USA
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Creed SJ, Desouza M, Bamburg JR, Gunning P, Stehn J. Tropomyosin isoform 3 promotes the formation of filopodia by regulating the recruitment of actin-binding proteins to actin filaments. Exp Cell Res 2010; 317:249-61. [PMID: 21036167 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tropomyosins are believed to function in part by stabilizing actin filaments. However, accumulating evidence suggests that fundamental differences in function exist between tropomyosin isoforms, which contributes to the formation of functionally distinct filament populations. We investigated the functions of the high-molecular-weight isoform Tm3 and examined the molecular properties of Tm3-containing actin filament populations. Overexpression of the Tm3 isoform specifically induced the formation of filopodia and changes in actin solubility. We observed alterations in actin-binding protein recruitment to filaments, co-incident with changes in expression levels, which can account for this functional outcome. Tm3-associated filaments recruit active actin depolymerizing factor and are bundled into filopodia by fascin, which is both up-regulated and preferentially associated with Tm3-containing filaments in the Tm3 overexpressing cells. This study provides further insight into the isoform-specific roles of different tropomyosin isoforms. We conclude that variation in the tropomyosin isoform composition of microfilaments provides a mechanism to generate functionally distinct filament populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Creed
- Oncology Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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27
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Imperlini E, Mancini A, Spaziani S, Martone D, Alfieri A, Gemei M, Vecchio LD, Buono P, Orrù S. Androgen receptor signaling induced by supraphysiological doses of dihydrotestosterone in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Proteomics 2010; 10:3165-75. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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New aspects of tropomyosin-regulated neuritogenesis revealed by the deletion of Tm5NM1 and 2. Eur J Cell Biol 2010; 89:489-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Mesenchymal migration as a therapeutic target in glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2010:430142. [PMID: 20652056 PMCID: PMC2905941 DOI: 10.1155/2010/430142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Extensive infiltration of the surrounding healthy brain tissue is a cardinal feature of glioblastomas, highly lethal brain tumors. Deep infiltration by the glioblastoma cells renders complete surgical excision difficult and contemporary adjuvant therapies have had little impact on long-term survival. Thus, deep infiltration and resistance to irradiation and chemotherapy remain a major cause of patient mortality. Modern therapies specifically targeted to this unique aspect of glioblastoma cell biology hold significant promise to substantially improve survival rates for glioblastoma patients. In the present paper, we focus on the role of adhesion signaling molecules and the actin cytoskeleton in the mesenchymal mode of motility that characterizes invading glioblastoma cells. We then review current approaches to targeting these elements of the glioblastoma cell migration machinery and discuss other aspects of cell migration that may improve the treatment of infiltrating glioblastoma.
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30
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Olk S, Turchinovich A, Grzendowski M, Stühler K, Meyer HE, Zoidl G, Dermietzel R. Proteomic analysis of astroglial connexin43 silencing uncovers a cytoskeletal platform involved in process formation and migration. Glia 2010; 58:494-505. [PMID: 19795503 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most abundant gap junction protein of the brain, where it is predominantly expressed in astrocytes. Recent studies imply a role of Cx43 in the regulation of important cellular processes, including migration, proliferation, and shape formation. These processes are assumed to be reflected by the proteome of the Cx43 expressing cells. To analyze the influence of Cx43 on the astrocytic proteome, we used RNA interference to downregulate the expression of this connexin in cultures of mouse astrocytes. We applied difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) to compare silenced astrocytes with control cells. The differential proteome analysis revealed 15 significantly regulated proteins (between 1.2- and 1.6-fold), of which six are known to belong to a group of cytoskeletal proteins involved in cortical platform formation. Astrocytes treated with Cx43 small interfering (si)RNA showed an increased expression of the cytoskeletal proteins: actin, tropomyosin, microtubule-associated protein RP/EB1, transgelin, and GFAP, and a decreased expression of cofilin-1. Quantitative immunocytochemistry and Western blotting revealed similar results showing an upregulation of actin, tubulin, tropomyosin, EB1, transgelin and GFAP, and a downregulation of Ser-3-phosphorylated cofilin. Furthermore, Cx43 silencing led to phenotypical changes in cell morphology, migratory activity, and cell adhesion. Our results provide mechanistic clues for an understanding of Cx43 interaction with cellular motor activities such as migration and process formation in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Olk
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
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31
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Wang CLA, Coluccio LM. New insights into the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by tropomyosin. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 281:91-128. [PMID: 20460184 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(10)81003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is regulated by a variety of actin-binding proteins including those constituting the tropomyosin family. Tropomyosins are coiled-coil dimers that bind along the length of actin filaments. In muscles, tropomyosin regulates the interaction of actin-containing thin filaments with myosin-containing thick filaments to allow contraction. In nonmuscle cells where multiple tropomyosin isoforms are expressed, tropomyosins participate in a number of cellular events involving the cytoskeleton. This chapter reviews the current state of the literature regarding tropomyosin structure and function and discusses the evidence that tropomyosins play a role in regulating actin assembly.
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O'Neill GM. The coordination between actin filaments and adhesion in mesenchymal migration. Cell Adh Migr 2009; 3:355-7. [PMID: 19684475 DOI: 10.4161/cam.3.4.9468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal cell motility is characterized by a polarized distribution of actin filaments, with a network of short branched actin filaments at the leading edge, and polymers of actin filaments arranged into distinct classes of actin stress fibers behind the leading edge. Importantly, the distinct actin filaments are characteristically associated with discrete adhesion structures and both the adhesions and the actin filaments are co-ordinately regulated during cell migration. While it has long been known that these macromolecular structures are intimately linked in cells, precisely how they are co-ordinately regulated is presently unknown. Live imaging data now suggests that the focal adhesions may act as sites of actin polymerization resulting in the generation of tension-bearing actin bundles of actin filaments (stress fibers). Moreover, a picture is emerging to suggest that the tropomyosin family of proteins that can determine actin filament dynamics may also play a key role in determining the transition between adhesion states. Molecules such as the tropomyosins are therefore tantalizing candidates to orchestrate the coordination of actin and adhesion dynamics during mesenchymal cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine M O'Neill
- Focal Adhesion Biology Group, Oncology Research Unit, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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Salas-Leiton E, Cánovas-Conesa B, Zerolo R, López-Barea J, Cañavate JP, Alhama J. Proteomics of juvenile senegal sole (Solea senegalensis) affected by gas bubble disease in hyperoxygenated ponds. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2009; 11:473-487. [PMID: 19101763 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-008-9168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Solea senegalensis is a commercial flat fish traditionally farmed in earth ponds in coastal wetlands that might also become important to more intensive aquaculture. Gas bubble disease (GBD) is a potential risk for outdoor fish farming, particularly in certain periods of the year, related to improper management leading to macroalgae blooms. Physical-chemical conditions inducing hyperoxia, including radiation, temperature, and high levels of dissolved oxygen, have been monitored in fish affected by GBD together with observed symptoms. Exophthalmia, subcutaneous emphysemas, obstruction of gill lamellae, hemorrhages, and anomalous swimming were the main effects of oxygen supersaturation. A proteomic study was carried out for the first time under aquaculture conditions and protein expression changes are described for fish that were subject to hyperoxic conditions. Proteins identified in gill of GBD-affected fish are related to oxidative alteration of cytoskeleton structure/function (beta-tubulin, beta-actin), motility (light myosin chain, alpha-tropomyosin), or regulatory pathways (calmodulin, Raf kinase inhibitor protein), reflecting the central role of gill in oxygen exchange. Hepatic proteins identified are related to protein oxidative damages (beta-globin, FABPs), protection from oxidative stress (DCXR, GNMT), and inflammatory response (C3), in agreement with the predominant metabolic role of liver. Comparison of protein expression patterns and protein identification are suggested as potentially specific hyperoxia biomarkers that would facilitate prevention of GBD outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Salas-Leiton
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
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Proteomic analysis of the anti-cancer effect of 20S-ginsenoside Rg3 in human colon cancer cell lines. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2009; 73:811-6. [PMID: 19352032 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng is a well known herbal medicine in Asia, and ginsenoside Rg3 has anti-cancer and various pharmacological effects. In particular, 20S-ginsenoside Rg3 may increase the anti-proliferative effects of chemotherapy. The authors investigated the mechanism of the anti-proliferative effect of 20S-Rg3 at the protein level in HT29 colon cancer cells. MTT, caspase-3 assays, and flow cytometry analysis were performed to determine cytotoxicity and apoptosis, and proteomic analysis was performed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, and a database was used to identify protein changes in 20S-Rg3 treated HT29 cells. The proteins identified included down-regulated Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor, up-regulated tropomyosin1, and annexin5 and glutathione s-transferase p1, which are apoptosis associated proteins. The anti-proliferative mechanism of 20S-Rg3 was found to be involved in mitotic inhibition, DNA replication, and repair and growth factor signaling. The findings of this study suggest that the cytotoxicity of 20S-Rg3 in colon cancer is dependent on several mechanisms, including apoptosis.
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Nazeer K, Janech MG, Lin JJC, Ryan KJ, Arthur JM, Budisavljevic MN. Changes in protein profiles during course of experimental glomerulonephritis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 296:F186-93. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90222.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Better characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying glomerular cell proliferation may improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis and yield disease-specific markers. We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) to generate expression profiles of glomerular proteins in the course of anti-Thy-1 nephritis. Glomeruli were isolated from Wistar rats by sieving, and proteins were separated by 2DE. In preliminary studies using normal rats, we identified known glomerular proteins from microfilaments [tropomyosin (Tm)] and intermediate filaments (vimentin and lamin A), proteins involved in assembly (α-actinin-4, F-actin capping protein) and membrane cytoskeletal linking (ezrin), as well as several enzymes (protein disulfide isomerase, ATP synthase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase). Comparison of glomerular protein abundance between normal rats and rats in the early phase of anti-Thy-1 nephritis yielded 28 differentially expressed protein spots. MS analysis identified 16 differentially expressed proteins including Tm. Altered Tm abundance in the course of anti-Thy-1 nephritis was confirmed, and specific isoforms were characterized by Western blotting. We demonstrated a complex change in Tm isoform abundance in the course of anti-Thy-1 nephritis. The early mesangiolytic phase of the disease was characterized by decreased abundance of low-molecular-weight isoforms Tm5a/5b and increased abundance of high-molecular-weight isoforms Tm6, Tm1, Tm2, and Tm3. The late proliferative phase of the disease was associated with increased abundance of isoforms Tm5a/5b, Tm6, and Tm1 and decreased abundance of Tm3. Isoforms Tm4 and Tm5 remained unchanged in the course of this model of experimental glomerulonephritis. Characterization of Tm isoform abundance in the course of clinical glomerulonephritis may identify disease-specific markers.
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Grenklo S, Hillberg L, Zhao Rathje LS, Pinaev G, Schutt CE, Lindberg U. Tropomyosin assembly intermediates in the control of microfilament system turnover. Eur J Cell Biol 2008; 87:905-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Tropomyosin isoforms define distinct microfilament populations with different drug susceptibility. Eur J Cell Biol 2008; 87:709-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2007] [Revised: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Richier S, Rodriguez-Lanetty M, Schnitzler CE, Weis VM. Response of the symbiotic cnidarian Anthopleura elegantissima transcriptome to temperature and UV increase. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2008; 3:283-9. [PMID: 20494848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Elevated temperature and solar radiation, including ultraviolet radiation, are now recognized as the primary environmental stresses that lead to mass cnidarian bleaching. This study takes a functional genomics approach to identifying genes that change expression soon after exposure to these stressors in the temperate sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima that harbors Symbiodinium, the same genus of symbionts found in reef-building corals. Symbiotic anemones were subjected to elevated temperature or UV over a 24 h period. cDNA from these animals was hybridized to a 10,000-feature cDNA microarray of A. elegantissima. Overall 2.7% of the 10,000 features were found to be differentially expressed as a function of temperature or UV stress. Of the 86 features sequenced, 45% displayed significant homology to sequences in GenBank. There are 27 features that were differentially expressed in both stress conditions. Gene ontology analysis placed the differentially expressed genes in a wide range of categories including cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis, protein biosynthesis, cell proliferation, apoptosis and transport. This suggests that the early stress response to elevated temperature and UV involves essentially all aspects of host cellular regulation and machinery and that downstream cnidarian bleaching is a complex cellular response in host tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Richier
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA; Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, 06234 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
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Tropomyosin Gene Expression in Vivo and in Vitro. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-85766-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Gunning P. Emerging Issues for Tropomyosin Structure, Regulation, Function and Pathology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 644:293-8. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-85766-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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