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Stanciu SM, Jinga M, Miricescu D, Stefani C, Nica RI, Stanescu-Spinu II, Vacaroiu IA, Greabu M, Nica S. mTOR Dysregulation, Insulin Resistance, and Hypertension. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1802. [PMID: 39200267 PMCID: PMC11351979 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent serious health problems associated with unhealthy diet and sedentarism. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR) and hypertension. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase with key roles in glucose and lipid metabolism, cell growth, survival and proliferation. mTOR hyperactivation disturbs glucose metabolism, leading to hyperglycemia and further to IR, with a higher incidence in the Western population. Metformin is one of the most used hypoglycemic drugs, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumoral properties, having also the capacity to inhibit mTOR. mTOR inhibitors such as rapamycin and its analogs everolimus and temsirolimus block mTOR activity, decrease the levels of glucose and triglycerides, and reduce body weight. The link between mTOR dysregulation, IR, hypertension and mTOR inhibitors has not been fully described. Therefore, the main aim of this narrative review is to present the mechanism by which nutrients, proinflammatory cytokines, increased salt intake and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) dysregulation induce mTOR overactivation, associated further with IR and hypertension development, and also mTOR inhibitors with higher potential to block the activity of this protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviu Marcel Stanciu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Mariana Jinga
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Daniela Miricescu
- Discipline of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Constantin Stefani
- Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Base, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Remus Iulian Nica
- Surgery Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
- Discipline of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanotari Blvd, 054474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu
- Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Adela Vacaroiu
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria Greabu
- Discipline of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Silvia Nica
- Emergency Discipline, University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Emergency and First Aid, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Su R, Shao Y, Huang M, Liu D, Yu H, Qiu Y. Immunometabolism in cancer: basic mechanisms and new targeting strategy. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:236. [PMID: 38755125 PMCID: PMC11099033 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Maturing immunometabolic research empowers immune regulation novel approaches. Progressive metabolic adaptation of tumor cells permits a thriving tumor microenvironment (TME) in which immune cells always lose the initial killing capacity, which remains an unsolved dilemma even with the development of immune checkpoint therapies. In recent years, many studies on tumor immunometabolism have been reported. The development of immunometabolism may facilitate anti-tumor immunotherapy from the recurrent crosstalk between metabolism and immunity. Here, we discuss clinical studies of the core signaling pathways of immunometabolism and their inhibitors or agonists, as well as the specific functions of these pathways in regulating immunity and metabolism, and discuss some of the identified immunometabolic checkpoints. Understanding the comprehensive advances in immunometabolism helps to revise the status quo of cancer treatment. An overview of the new landscape of immunometabolism. The PI3K pathway promotes anabolism and inhibits catabolism. The LKB1 pathway inhibits anabolism and promotes catabolism. Overactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and IDO, IL4I1, ACAT, Sirt2, and MTHFD2 promote immunosuppression of TME formation, as evidenced by increased Treg and decreased T-cell proliferation. The LKBI-AMPK pathway promotes the differentiation of naive T cells to effector T cells and memory T cells and promotes anti-tumor immunity in DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Su
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Manru Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Donghui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yuling Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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3
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Nicolás-Morala J, Alonso-Juarranz M, Barahona A, Terrén S, Cabezas S, Falahat F, Gilaberte Y, Gonzalez S, Juarranz A, Mascaraque M. Comparative response to PDT with methyl-aminolevulinate and temoporfin in cutaneous and oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7025. [PMID: 38528037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous and Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC, HNSCC) are among the most prevalent cancers. Both types of cancer can be treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) by using the photosensitizer Temoporfin in HNSCC and the prodrug methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL) in CSCC. However, PDT is not always effective. Therefore, it is mandatory to correctly approach the therapy according to the characteristics of the tumour cells. For this reason, we have used cell lines of CSCC (A431 and SCC13) and HNSCC (HN5 and SCC9). The results obtained indicated that the better response to MAL-PDT was related to its localization in the plasma membrane (A431 and HN5 cells). However, with Temoporfin all cell lines showed lysosome localization, even the most sensitive ones (HN5). The expression of mesenchymal markers and migratory capacity was greater in HNSCC lines compared to CSCC, but no correlation with PDT response was observed. The translocation to the nucleus of β-catenin and GSK3β and the activation of NF-κβ is related to the poor response to PDT in the HNSCC lines. Therefore, we propose that intracellular localization of GSK3β could be a good marker of response to PDT in HNSCC. Although the molecular mechanism of response to PDT needs further elucidation, this work shows that the most MAL-resistant line of CSCC is more sensitive to Temoporfin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nicolás-Morala
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Alonso-Juarranz
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Barahona
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Terrén
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Cabezas
- Oncology Service, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Falahat
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Gilaberte
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
| | - S Gonzalez
- Department of Experimental Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Juarranz
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Experimental Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Mascaraque
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Experimental Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
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Uehara M, Domoto T, Takenaka S, Takeuchi O, Shimasaki T, Miyashita T, Minamoto T. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β: the nexus of chemoresistance, invasive capacity, and cancer stemness in pancreatic cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:4. [PMID: 38318525 PMCID: PMC10838383 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The treatment of pancreatic cancer remains a significant clinical challenge due to the limited number of patients eligible for curative (R0) surgery, failures in the clinical development of targeted and immune therapies, and the pervasive acquisition of chemotherapeutic resistance. Refractory pancreatic cancer is typified by high invasiveness and resistance to therapy, with both attributes related to tumor cell stemness. These malignant characteristics mutually enhance each other, leading to rapid cancer progression. Over the past two decades, numerous studies have produced evidence of the pivotal role of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β in the progression of over 25 different cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. In this review, we synthesize the current knowledge on the pathological roles of aberrant GSK3β in supporting tumor cell proliferation and invasion, as well as its contribution to gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. Importantly, we discuss the central role of GSK3β as a molecular hub that mechanistically connects chemoresistance, tumor cell invasion, and stemness in pancreatic cancer. We also discuss the involvement of GSK3β in the formation of desmoplastic tumor stroma and in promoting anti-cancer immune evasion, both of which constitute major obstacles to successful cancer treatment. Overall, GSK3β has characteristics of a promising therapeutic target to overcome chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Uehara
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Takahiro Domoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Satoshi Takenaka
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Toyama City Hospital, Toyama 939-8511, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Biomedical Laboratory, Department of Research, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan
| | - Takeo Shimasaki
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Miyashita
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Toyama City Hospital, Toyama 939-8511, Japan
| | - Toshinari Minamoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
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Lai S, Wang P, Gong J, Zhang S. New insights into the role of GSK-3β in the brain: from neurodegenerative disease to tumorigenesis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16635. [PMID: 38107562 PMCID: PMC10722984 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine kinase widely expressed in various tissues and organs. Unlike other kinases, GSK-3 is active under resting conditions and is inactivated upon stimulation. In mammals, GSK-3 includes GSK-3 α and GSK-3β isoforms encoded by two homologous genes, namely, GSK3A and GSK3B. GSK-3β is essential for the control of glucose metabolism, signal transduction, and tissue homeostasis. As more than 100 known proteins have been identified as GSK-3β substrates, it is sometimes referred to as a moonlighting kinase. Previous studies have elucidated the regulation modes of GSK-3β. GSK-3β is involved in almost all aspects of brain functions, such as neuronal morphology, synapse formation, neuroinflammation, and neurological disorders. Recently, several comparatively specific small molecules have facilitated the chemical manipulation of this enzyme within cellular systems, leading to the discovery of novel inhibitors for GSK-3β. Despite these advancements, the therapeutic significance of GSK-3β as a drug target is still complicated by uncertainties surrounding the potential of inhibitors to stimulate tumorigenesis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate mechanisms of this enzyme and evaluates the existing evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of GSK-3β in brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, mood disorders, and glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenjin Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingru Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Wang C, Cui Y, Xu T, Zhou Y, Yang R, Wang T. New insights into glycogen synthase kinase-3: A common target for neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115923. [PMID: 37981175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a highly conserved protein serine/threonine kinase that plays a central role in a wide variety of cellular processes to coordinate catabolic and anabolic pathways and regulate cell growth and fate. There is increasing evidence showing that abnormal glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of many disorders, such as cancer, diabetes, psychiatric diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings about the regulatory role of GSK-3 in the occurrence and development of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, mainly focusing on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The aim of this study is to provide new insight into the shared working mechanism of GSK-3 as a therapeutic target of multiple neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Institute of Brain Sciences and Related Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, The Affiliated Qingdao Third People's Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Institute of Brain Sciences and Related Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, The Affiliated Qingdao Third People's Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China; Department of Health and Life Science, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China.
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, The Affiliated Qingdao Third People's Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
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Jeanmard N, Bissanum R, Sriplung H, Charoenlappanit S, Roytrakul S, Navakanitworakul R. Proteomic profiling of urinary extracellular vesicles differentiates breast cancer patients from healthy women. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291574. [PMID: 37922300 PMCID: PMC10624262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) reflect the biological conditions of the producing cells. The protein profiling of uEVs allow us to better understand cancer progression in several cancers such as bladder cancer, prostate cancer and kidney cancer but has not been reported in breast cancer. We have, herein, aimed at quantifying the concentration and at generating the proteomic profile of uEVs in patients with breast cancer (BC) as compared to that of healthy controls (CT). Urine samples were collected from 29 CT and 47 patients with BC. uEVs were isolated by using differential ultracentrifugation, and were then characterized by Western blotting and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, a nanoparticle tracking analysis was used in order to measure the concentration and the size distribution of urine particles and uEVs. The proteomic profiling of the uEVs was facilitated through LC-MS/MS. The uEV concentration was not significantly different between the assessed groups. The undertaken proteomic analysis revealed 15,473 and 11,278 proteins in the BC patients' group and the CT group, respectively. Furthermore, a heat map analysis revealed a differential protein expression, while a principal component analysis highlighted two clusters. The volcano plot indicated 259 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs; 155 up- and 104 down-regulated proteins) in patients with BC compared with CT. The up-regulated proteins from BC-derived uEVs were enriched in pathways related to cancer progression (i.e., cell proliferation, cell survival, cell cycle, cell migration, carbohydrate metabolism, and angiogenesis). Moreover, we verified the expression of the upregulated DEPs using UALCAN for web-based validation. Remarkably, the results indicated that 6 of 155 up-regulated proteins (POSTN, ATAD2, BCAS4, GSK3β, HK1, and Ki-67) were overexpressed in BC compared with normal samples. Since these six proteins often act as markers of cell proliferation and progression, they may be potential biomarkers for BC screening and diagnosis. However, this requires validation in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilobon Jeanmard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Rassanee Bissanum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Hutcha Sriplung
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Sawanya Charoenlappanit
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Raphatphorn Navakanitworakul
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Li J, Wu X, Ji XB, He C, Xu S, Xu X. Biphasic function of GSK3β in gefitinib‑resistant NSCLC with or without EGFR mutations. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:488. [PMID: 37745038 PMCID: PMC10515113 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as gefitinib, are effective in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR mutations. However, the mechanism underlying acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs remains largely unknown. Therefore, the present study generated gefitinib-resistant PC-9 (PC-9G) cells, which were revealed to be more resistant to gefitinib-induced reductions in proliferation, migration and invasion, and increases in apoptosis, and had no detectable EGFR mutations compared with the control PC-9 cell line. In addition, the present study performed genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed genes between PC-9 and PC-9G cell lines. Cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, migration and flow cytometry analyses were also performed. The genome-wide transcriptomic analysis revealed that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) was downregulated in PC-9G cells compared with that in PC-9 cells. Furthermore, GSK3β overexpression increased the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC-9 and H1975 gefitinib-resistant cells. Conversely, overexpression of GSK3β suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC-9G cells. Furthermore, AKT inhibition reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced the apoptosis of PC-9, PC-9G and H1975 cells, the effects of which were reversed following AKT activation; notably, the tumor suppressor function of GSK3β was inconsistent with the tumor promotor role of the AKT pathway in PC-9G cells without EGFR mutation. The present study may provide novel insights into the distinctive role of GSK3β in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC with or without EGFR mutations, suggesting that a more detailed investigation on GSK3β as a therapeutic target for gefitinib-resistant NSCLC may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570312, P.R. China
| | - Xiayu Wu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570312, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Bo Ji
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570312, P.R. China
| | - Changhao He
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570312, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570312, P.R. China
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Xianhua Xu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570312, P.R. China
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Lagal DJ, López-Grueso MJ, Pedrajas JR, Leto TL, Bárcena JA, Requejo-Aguilar R, Padilla CA. Loss of PRDX6 Aborts Proliferative and Migratory Signaling in Hepatocarcinoma Cell Lines. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1153. [PMID: 37371884 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), the only mammalian 1-Cys member of the peroxiredoxin family, has peroxidase, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) acyltransferase (LPCAT) activities. It has been associated with tumor progression and cancer metastasis, but the mechanisms involved are not clear. We constructed an SNU475 hepatocarcinoma cell line knockout for PRDX6 to study the processes of migration and invasiveness in these mesenchymal cells. They showed lipid peroxidation but inhibition of the NRF2 transcriptional regulator, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic reprogramming, an altered cytoskeleton, down-regulation of PCNA, and a diminished growth rate. LPC regulatory action was inhibited, indicating that loss of both the peroxidase and PLA2 activities of PRDX6 are involved. Upstream regulators MYC, ATF4, HNF4A, and HNF4G were activated. Despite AKT activation and GSK3β inhibition, the prosurvival pathway and the SNAI1-induced EMT program were aborted in the absence of PRDX6, as indicated by diminished migration and invasiveness, down-regulation of bottom-line markers of the EMT program, MMP2, cytoskeletal proteins, and triggering of the "cadherin switch". These changes point to a role for PRDX6 in tumor development and metastasis, so it can be considered a candidate for antitumoral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Lagal
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María J López-Grueso
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José R Pedrajas
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Institute of Research in Olive Groves and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Thomas L Leto
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - J Antonio Bárcena
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raquel Requejo-Aguilar
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Alicia Padilla
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Balboni B, Masi M, Rocchia W, Girotto S, Cavalli A. GSK-3β Allosteric Inhibition: A Dead End or a New Pharmacological Frontier? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087541. [PMID: 37108703 PMCID: PMC10139115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Most kinase inhibitors are designed to bind to highly homologous ATP-binding sites, which leads to promiscuity and possible off-target effects. Allostery is an alternative approach to pursuing selectivity. However, allostery is difficult to exploit due to the wide variety of underlying mechanisms and the potential involvement of long-range conformational effects that are difficult to pinpoint. GSK-3β is involved in several pathologies. This critical target has an ATP-binding site that is highly homologous with the orthosteric sites of other kinases. Unsurprisingly, there is also great similarity between the ATP-binding sites of GSK-3β and its isomer, which is not redundant and thus would benefit from selective inhibition. Allostery would also allow for a moderate and tunable inhibition, which is ideal for GSK-3β, because this target is involved in multiple pathways, some of which must be preserved. However, despite considerable research efforts, only one allosteric GSK-3β inhibitor has reached the clinic. Moreover, unlike other kinases, there are no X-ray structures of GSK-3β in complex with allosteric inhibitors in the PDB data bank. This review aims to summarize the state of the art in allosteric GSK-3β inhibitor investigations, highlighting the aspects that make this target challenging for an allosteric approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Balboni
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Mirco Masi
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Walter Rocchia
- Computational mOdelling of NanosCalE and bioPhysical sysTems (CONCEPT) Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83, 16152 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Girotto
- Structural Biophysics and Translational Pharmacology Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
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11
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Han Y, He Y, Jin X, Xie J, Yu P, Gao G, Chang S, Zhang J, Chang YZ. CHIR99021 Maintenance of the Cell Stemness by Regulating Cellular Iron Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020377. [PMID: 36829936 PMCID: PMC9952287 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CHIR99021 is an aminopyrimidine derivative, which can efficiently inhibit the activity of glycogen synthesis kinase 3α (GSK-3α) and GSK-3β. As an essential component of stem cell culture medium, it plays an important role in maintaining cell stemness. However, the mechanism of its role is not fully understood. In the present study, we first found that removal of CHIR99021 from embryonic stem cell culture medium reduced iron storage in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). CHIR99021-treated Neuro-2a cells led to an upregulation of ferritin expression and an increase in intracellular iron levels, along with GSK3β inhibition and Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway activation. In addition, iron treatment activated the classical Wnt pathway by affecting the expression of β-catenin in the Neuro-2a cells. Our data link the role of iron in the maintenance of cell stemness via the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, and identify intermediate molecules, including Steap1, Bola2, and Kdm6bos, which may mediate the upregulation of ferritin expression by CHIR99021. These findings reveal novel mechanisms of the maintenance of cell stemness and differentiation and provide a theoretical basis for the development of new strategies in stem cell treatment in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Yong He
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiaofang Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Jiayi Xie
- Department of Automatic, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Guofen Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Shiyang Chang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.-Z.C.); Tel./Fax: +86-311-80787539 (Y.-Z.C.)
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.-Z.C.); Tel./Fax: +86-311-80787539 (Y.-Z.C.)
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.-Z.C.); Tel./Fax: +86-311-80787539 (Y.-Z.C.)
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12
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Zhang Y, Chen S, Peng C. GSK-3β phosphorylation of DHX33 leads to its ubiquitination mediated protein degradation. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110526. [PMID: 36403931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
DHX33 is a member of DEAD/H box protein family, and is involved in both RNA and DNA metabolism. It plays diverse roles in multiple cellular activities. DHX33 overexpression has been found to promote the development of many human cancers. However, the underlying mechanism to explain its high expression in cancer cells remains incompletely resolved. In this study, with both human cancer cell lines and normal fibroblasts, we found glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) regulates DHX33 protein stability. This is through its direct phosphorylation of DHX33 on T482, which triggers ubiquitination mediate protein degradation. We further identified one of the major ubiquitination sites of DHX33 to be on its N-terminal K94, a critical residue previously found to be important and highly conserved for ATP binding and helicase activity. Our study for the first time reveals an important upstream regulator, GSK-3β, as a critical kinase to phosphorylate DHX33 at the post-translational level leading to its degradation. Moreover, cancer cells have frequent GSK3β deactivation to disrupt this signaling cascade. Therefore, DHX33 is stabilized in many cancer cells as compared to normal cells. Our study unveils an important post-translational regulation of DHX33 in cells and further unveils a novel mechanism for DHX33 overexpression in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Zhang
- Shenzhen KeYe Life Technologies, Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China.
| | - Shiyun Chen
- Shenzhen KeYe Life Technologies, Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China; Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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13
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Peng M, Fan S, Li J, Zhou X, Liao Q, Tang F, Liu W. Programmed death-ligand 1 signaling and expression are reversible by lycopene via PI3K/AKT and Raf/MEK/ERK pathways in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. GENES & NUTRITION 2022; 17:3. [PMID: 35164673 PMCID: PMC8903509 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-022-00705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer therapy targeting programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1 or CD279) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1 or CD274) gives hope to Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma (TSCC) treatment. However, the tumor-intrinsic mechanism of PD-L1 is not fully elucidated in TSCC. On the other hand, lycopene showed antitumor effects and chemotherapy/radiotherapy-enhancing effects by mechanisms closely correlated with PD-L1. Purpose We aimed to explore whether the mechanisms of PD-L1 signaling and regulation are reversible by lycopene treatment in TSCC. Methods We collected TSCC tissues and normal tissues for assessment of PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemical technique and western blotting. We measured the expression of PD-L1 in three TSCC cell lines and constructed cell lines with knockdown and overexpression of PD-L1. Then, we measured the proliferation by CCK-8 assay, migration and invasion by Transwell assay, and apoptosis by TUNEL assay in five groups with treatment of blank control, negative control with vector transfection, PD-L1 knockdown/overexpression, 4 μM lycopene, and combined 4 μM lycopene and PD-L1 knockdown/overexpression. We also systematically analyzed the PD-L1 constitutive signaling pathways and their effect EMT pathways. In order to bring out the mechanism underlying PI3K/AKT depressing Raf/MEK/ERK, we used PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Results We detected significant PD-L1 upregulation in biopsies by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Our study demonstrated that PD-L1 upregulation elevated IGF-1R to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway but inactivated the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in TSCC cell line CAL27, while PD-L1 knockdown decreased IGF-1R to inactivate both PI3K/AKT and Raf/MEK/ERK pathways in cell line SCC9, to increase/decrease p-FOXOs and decrease/increase p-GSK-3β, producing further changes in EMT, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Lycopene reversed PD-L1 signaling and expression by mechanisms opposite to PD-L1 upregulation but similar to PD-L1 knockdown. Conclusion Taken together, this study firstly confirmed PD-L1 expression and signaling are reversible by lycopene via PI3K/AKT and Raf/MEK/ERK pathways in TSCC. Our study provides a sounder basis for comprehending PD-L1 signaling and expression and prevention and treatment of TSCC.
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14
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Huang H, Xue J, Xie T, Xie ML. Osthole increases the radiosensitivity of hepatoma cells by inhibiting GSK-3β/AMPK/mTOR pathway-controlled glycolysis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 396:683-692. [PMID: 36445387 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osthole is a natural coumarin substance that has an inhibitory effect on hepatic cancer, but its radiosensitization effect on hepatoma cells has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the effect of osthole. Human HCC-LM3 and SK-Hep-1 hepatoma cells were used and treated with or without osthole, irradiation, or their combination; the cell survival, migration, colony formation, DNA damage repair, intracellular lactic acid content, and glycolysis-related glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), p-GSK-3β, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p-AMPK, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), GLUT-3, and pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) protein expressions were determined. Compared with the irradiation group, the osthole plus irradiation group could further decrease the survival rate, migration, colony formation, and DNA damage repair of both hepatoma cells, indicating a synergistic effect of the combination treatment. Moreover, the combination of osthole and irradiation could decrease the content of intracellular lactic acid, ratios of intracellular p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β and p-mTOR/mTOR proteins, and expressions of intracellular GLUT-1/3 and PKM2 proteins, and increase the ratio of intracellular p-AMPK/AMPK proteins. Osthole can increase the radiosensitivity of hepatoma cells, and its radiosensitization mechanisms may be related to glycolytic inhibition by attenuating the GSK-3β/AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Xue
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Mei-Lin Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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15
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Elmadbouh OHM, Pandol SJ, Edderkaoui M. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β: A True Foe in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14133. [PMID: 36430630 PMCID: PMC9696080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) is a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in multiple normal and pathological cell functions, including cell signalling and metabolism. GSK-3β is highly expressed in the onset and progression of multiple cancers with strong involvement in the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, and chemoresistance. Multiple studies showed pro- and anti-cancer roles of GSK-3β creating confusion about the benefit of targeting GSK-3β for treating cancer. In this mini-review, we focus on the role of GSK-3β in pancreatic cancer. We demonstrate that the proposed anti-cancer roles of GSK-3β are not relevant to pancreatic cancer, and we argue why GSK-3β is, indeed, a very promising therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer H. M. Elmadbouh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mouad Edderkaoui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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16
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Das A, Bhattacharya B, Roy S. Decrypting a path based approach for identifying the interplay between PI3K and GSK3 signaling cascade from the perspective of cancer. Genes Dis 2022; 9:868-888. [PMID: 35685456 PMCID: PMC9170611 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of those leading diseases worldwide, which takes millions of lives every year. Researchers are continuously looking for specific approaches to eradicate the deadly disease, ensuring minimal adverse effects along with more therapeutic significance. Targeting of different aberrantly regulated signaling pathways, involved in cancer, is surely one of the revolutionary chemotherapeutic approach. In this instance, GSK3 and PI3K signaling cascades are considered as important role player for both the oncogenic activation and inactivation which further leads to cancer proliferation and metastasis. In this review, we have discussed the potential role of GSK3 and PI3K signaling in cancer, and we further established the crosstalk between PI3K and GSK3 signaling, through showcasing their cross activation, cross inhibition and convergence pathways in association with cancer. We also exhibited the effect of GSK3 on the efficacy of PI3K inhibitors to overcome the drug resistance and preventing the cell proliferation, metastasis in a combinatorial way with GSK3 inhibitors for a better treatment strategy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Das
- Department of Pharmacology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata- Group of Institutions, Kolkata 700053, India
| | - Barshana Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata- Group of Institutions, Kolkata 700053, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata- Group of Institutions, Kolkata 700053, India
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17
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Fan L, Yang X, Zheng M, Yang X, Ning Y, Gao M, Zhang S. Regulation of SUMOylation Targets Associated With Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:943683. [PMID: 35847921 PMCID: PMC9280480 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.943683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a delicate and complex signal transduction pathway mediated by multiple signaling molecules, which plays a significant role in regulating human physiology and pathology. Abnormally activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in promoting malignant tumor occurrence, development, recurrence, and metastasis, particularly in cancer stem cells. Studies have shown that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway controls cell fate and function through the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of omics networks. Therefore, precise regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a cancer-targeting strategy may contribute to the treatment of some malignancies. SUMOylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that has been found to play a major role in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Here, we review the complex regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by SUMOylation and discuss the potential targets of SUMOylation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Fan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Tianjin Rehabilitation Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yidi Ning
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Shiwu Zhang,
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Pathobiology and Therapeutic Relevance of GSK-3 in Chronic Hematological Malignancies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111812. [PMID: 35681507 PMCID: PMC9180032 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is an evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes. GSK-3 comprises two isoforms (α and β) which were originally discovered in 1980 as enzymes involved in glucose metabolism via inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase. Differently from other proteins kinases, GSK-3 isoforms are constitutively active in resting cells, and their modulation mainly involves inhibition through upstream regulatory networks. In the early 1990s, GSK-3 isoforms were implicated as key players in cancer cell pathobiology. Active GSK-3 facilitates the destruction of multiple oncogenic proteins which include β-catenin and Master regulator of cell cycle entry and proliferative metabolism (c-Myc). Therefore, GSK-3 was initially considered to be a tumor suppressor. Consistently, GSK-3 is often inactivated in cancer cells through dysregulated upstream signaling pathways. However, over the past 10–15 years, a growing number of studies highlighted that in some cancer settings GSK-3 isoforms inhibit tumor suppressing pathways and therefore act as tumor promoters. In this article, we will discuss the multiple and often enigmatic roles played by GSK-3 isoforms in some chronic hematological malignancies (chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas) which are among the most common blood cancer cell types. We will also summarize possible novel strategies targeting GSK-3 for innovative therapies of these disorders.
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GNG2 acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer through stimulating MRAS signaling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:260. [PMID: 35322009 PMCID: PMC8943035 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
G-protein gamma subunit 2 (GNG2) is involved in several cell signaling pathways, and is essential for cell proliferation and angiogenesis. However, the role of GNG2 in tumorigenesis and development remains unclear. In this study, 1321 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in breast cancer (BC) tissues were screened using the GEO and TCGA databases. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that most of the enriched genes were part of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. We identified GNG2 from the first five DEGs, its expression was markedly reduced in all BC subtype tissues. Cox regression analysis showed that GNG2 was independently associated with overall survival in patients with luminal A and triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). GNG2 over-expression could significantly block the cell cycle, inhibit proliferation, and promote apoptosis in BC cells in vitro. In animal studies, GNG2 over-expression inhibited the growth of BC cells. Further, we found that GNG2 significantly inhibited the activity of ERK and Akt in an MRAS-dependent manner. Importantly, GNG2 and muscle RAS oncogene homolog (MRAS) were co-localized in the cell membrane, and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiment revealed that they had direct interaction. In conclusion, the interaction between GNG2 and MRAS likely inhibits Akt and ERK activity, promoting apoptosis and suppressing proliferation in BC cells. Increasing GNG2 expression or disrupting the GNG2-MRAS interaction in vivo could therefore be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat BC.
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Boonyarat C, Boonput P, Tongloh N, Kaewamatawong R, Chaiwiwatrakul S, Yenjai C, Waiwut P. Nordentatin Inhibits Neuroblastoma Cell Proliferation and Migration through Regulation of GSK-3 Pathway. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1062-1074. [PMID: 35723293 PMCID: PMC8947271 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by abnormal cell changes leading to uncontrolled cell growth. The specific characteristics of cancer cells, including the loss of apoptotic control and the ability to migrate into and invade the surrounding tissue, result in cancer cell metastasis to other parts of the body. Therefore, the inhibition of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells are the principal goals in the treatment of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory activity of nordentatin, a coumarin derivative isolated from Clausena harmandiana, regarding the proliferation and migration of human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Nordentatin at a concentration of 100 µM showed cell cytotoxicity toward SH-SY5Y that was significantly different from that of the control group (p < 0.01) at 24, 48, and 72 h. Moreover, nordentatin inhibited SH-SY5Y proliferation by inhibiting the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, leading to the cleavage of caspase-3 and resulting in the inhibition of a migratory protein, MMP-9, through the GSK-3 pathway (compared with cells treated with a GSK inhibitor). These results suggest that nordentatin inhibited the proliferation and migration of neuroblastoma cells through the GSK-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantana Boonyarat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Panatchakorn Boonput
- Faculty of pharmaceutical sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (P.B.); (N.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Nantakorn Tongloh
- Faculty of pharmaceutical sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (P.B.); (N.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Rawiwun Kaewamatawong
- Faculty of pharmaceutical sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (P.B.); (N.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Suchada Chaiwiwatrakul
- Department of English, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand;
| | - Chavi Yenjai
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Pornthip Waiwut
- Faculty of pharmaceutical sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (P.B.); (N.T.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-8089-55511
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Karati D, Shaoo KK, Mahadik K, Kumr D. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitors as a novel promising target in the treatment of cancer: Medicinal chemistry perspective. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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22
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Leelawat S, Leelawat K, Wannakup T, Saingam W, Khamthong N, Madaka F, Maha A, Pathompak P, Sueree L, Songsak T. Anticancer activity of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol in vitro and in human lung cancer xenograft. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.350180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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23
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Abdel-Rafei MK, Thabet NM, Rashed LA, Moustafa EM. Canagliflozin, a SGLT-2 inhibitor, relieves ER stress, modulates autophagy and induces apoptosis in irradiated HepG2 cells: Signal transduction between PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways; in vitro. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:1404-1418. [PMID: 34916371 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_963_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Metabolic shifting from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis characterizes malignant cells from its normal counterparts and is attributed to overactivation of oncogenic signaling pathways. Hence, this study intended to investigate the influence of canagliflozin (CAN) and/or γ-irradiation (γ-IR) on HepG2 cell proliferation, crosstalk between phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase-3-β (GSK3-β)/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, and their regulation of diverse processes, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, and apoptosis. Materials and Methods HepG2 cells were treated with different doses of CAN and then exposed to different doses of γ-IR to achieve optimization that was based on cytotoxicity and clonogenic assays, respectively. The effects of CAN and/or γ-IR on glycolytic metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, oxidative stress, ER stress and autophagy biomarkers, expression of PI3K/AKT/GSK3-β/mTOR and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathways, and apoptotic markers were monitored. Results CAN enhanced the antitumor potential of γ-IR as displayed by a significant inhibition of clonogenic survival in HepG2 cells via inhibition of glucose uptake, lactate release, and modulation of ER stress-mediated autophagy; switched it to apoptosis; as well as disabled signaling pathways which contribute to metabolic reprogramming and tumor progression induced by γ-IR that confer radioresistance and treatment failure. Conclusion Our study sheds light on the effective combination of CAN and γ-IR in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment and necessitates CAN treatment prior to γ-IR to overcome metabolic reprogramming-associated radioresistance and improve curative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Khairy Abdel-Rafei
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noura Magdy Thabet
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Jemal M, Molla TS, Asmamaw Dejenie T. Ketogenic Diets and their Therapeutic Potential on Breast Cancer: A Systemic Review. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:9147-9155. [PMID: 34934359 PMCID: PMC8684375 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s339970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in women, and there is still a lack of complementary approaches to significantly improve the efficacy of standard therapies. For many kinds of cancers, the usual standard care is the combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. However, this standard therapy is not effective alone. Therefore, new approaches that increase therapeutic effectiveness are urgently needed. The ketogenic diet is a novel therapeutic approach for certain types of cancers, as indicated by several preclinical and clinical evidences. The ketogenic diet, which consists of a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet with adequate protein, appears to sensitize most cancers to standard therapy by utilizing the reprogrammed metabolism of cancer cells, making it a promising candidate for adjuvant cancer treatment. The majority of preclinical and clinical studies argue that the use of a ketogenic diet in combination with standard therapies is based on its potential to improve the antitumor effects of conventional chemotherapy, its overall good safety and tolerability, and quality of life improvement. According to new evidence, a ketogenic diet lowers the level of glucose and insulin in the blood, which are necessary for tumor growth. Thus, the ketogenic diet has emerged as a potential treatment option for a variety of cancers, including breast cancer. Besides, implementation of a Ketogenic diet in the clinic could improve progression-free and overall survival for patients with breast cancer. This review summarizes the composition and metabolism of ketogenic diets and their potential mechanisms in breast carcinogenesis in addition to their therapeutic potential on breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Jemal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Shibabaw Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Asmamaw Dejenie
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
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Piazzi M, Bavelloni A, Cenni V, Faenza I, Blalock WL. Revisiting the Role of GSK3, A Modulator of Innate Immunity, in Idiopathic Inclusion Body Myositis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113255. [PMID: 34831477 PMCID: PMC8625526 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic or sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the leading age-related (onset >50 years of age) autoimmune muscular pathology, resulting in significant debilitation in affected individuals. Once viewed as primarily a degenerative disorder, it is now evident that much like several other neuro-muscular degenerative disorders, IBM has a major autoinflammatory component resulting in chronic inflammation-induced muscle destruction. Thus, IBM is now considered primarily an inflammatory pathology. To date, there is no effective treatment for sporadic inclusion body myositis, and little is understood about the pathology at the molecular level, which would offer the best hopes of at least slowing down the degenerative process. Among the previously examined potential molecular players in IBM is glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3, whose role in promoting TAU phosphorylation and inclusion bodies in Alzheimer’s disease is well known. This review looks to re-examine the role of GSK3 in IBM, not strictly as a promoter of TAU and Abeta inclusions, but as a novel player in the innate immune system, discussing some of the recent roles discovered for this well-studied kinase in inflammatory-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Piazzi
- “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza” Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (V.C.)
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Bavelloni
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Sperimentale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Vittoria Cenni
- “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza” Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (V.C.)
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche and Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - William L. Blalock
- “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza” Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (V.C.)
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
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GSK-3β manipulates ferroptosis sensitivity by dominating iron homeostasis. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:334. [PMID: 34732689 PMCID: PMC8566589 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly characterized form of non-apoptotic-programmed cell death, which is driven by the lethal accumulation of iron-catalyzed lipid peroxides. Uncontrolled ferroptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of a group of human diseases, while targeted induction of ferroptosis provides a potent therapeutic design for cancers. During the past decade, the fundamental regulatory circuits of ferroptosis have been identified. In this study, we show that the multifaceted Ser/Thr protein kinase GSK-3β acts as a positive modulator of the ferroptosis program. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β by selective inhibitor LY2090314 or genetic KD of GSK-3β by shRNA potently promotes ferroptotic resistance. GSK-3β KD antagonizes the expression of iron metabolic components including DMT1, FTH1, and FTL, leading to the disruption of iron homeostasis and decline in intracellular labile free iron level. Taken together, our findings elaborate an indispensable role of GSK-3β in determining ferroptotic sensitivity by dominating cellular iron metabolism, which provides further insight into GSK-3β as a target for cancer chemotherapy.
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Zhang Y, Ding J, Liu C, Luo S, Gao X, Wu Y, Wang J, Wang X, Wu X, Shen W, Zhu J. Genetics Responses to Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Stress in Larimichthys crocea Revealed via Transcriptome Analysis and Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113021. [PMID: 34827754 PMCID: PMC8614329 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypoxia, which occurs frequently in aquaculture, can cause serious harm to all aspects of the growth, reproduction and metabolism of cultured fish. Due to the intolerance of Larimichthys crocea to hypoxia, Larimichthys crocea often floats head or even dies under hypoxic environment. However, the molecular mechanism of hypoxia tolerance in Larimichthys crocea has not been fully described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the hub regulatory genes under hypoxic stress environment by transcriptome analysis of three key tissues (liver, blood and gill) in Larimichthys crocea. We identified a number of important genes that exercise different regulatory functions. Overall, this study will provide important clues to the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance in Larimichthys crocea. Abstract The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is an important marine economic fish in China; however, its intolerance to hypoxia causes widespread mortality. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia tolerance in L. crocea, the transcriptome gene expression profiling of three different tissues (blood, gills, and liver) of L. crocea exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation stress were performed. In parallel, the gene relationships were investigated based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Accordingly, the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that several pathways (e.g., energy metabolism, signal transduction, oxygen transport, and osmotic regulation) may be involved in the response of L. crocea to hypoxia and reoxygenation stress. In addition, also, four key modules (darkorange, magenta, saddlebrown, and darkolivegreen) that were highly relevant to the samples were identified by WGCNA. Furthermore, some hub genes within the association module, including RPS16, EDRF1, KCNK5, SNAT2, PFKL, GSK-3β, and PIK3CD, were found. This is the first study to report the co-expression patterns of a gene network after hypoxia stress in marine fish. The results provide new clues for further research on the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia tolerance in L. crocea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 169 South Qixing Road, Ningbo 315832, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (Y.W.); (J.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Juxian Road, Ningbo 315103, China; (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Jie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 169 South Qixing Road, Ningbo 315832, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (Y.W.); (J.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Juxian Road, Ningbo 315103, China; (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 169 South Qixing Road, Ningbo 315832, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (Y.W.); (J.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Juxian Road, Ningbo 315103, China; (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Shengyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 169 South Qixing Road, Ningbo 315832, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (Y.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Xinming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 169 South Qixing Road, Ningbo 315832, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (Y.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Yuanjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 169 South Qixing Road, Ningbo 315832, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (Y.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jingqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 169 South Qixing Road, Ningbo 315832, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (Y.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Xuelei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Juxian Road, Ningbo 315103, China; (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiongfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Juxian Road, Ningbo 315103, China; (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Weiliang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Juxian Road, Ningbo 315103, China; (X.W.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-153-8137-7660 (W.S.); +86-139-5784-1679 (J.Z.)
| | - Junquan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 169 South Qixing Road, Ningbo 315832, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (Y.W.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-153-8137-7660 (W.S.); +86-139-5784-1679 (J.Z.)
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Russi S, Sgambato A, Bochicchio AM, Zoppoli P, Aieta M, Capobianco AML, Ruggieri V, Zifarone E, Falco G, Laurino S. CHIR99021, trough GSK-3β Targeting, Reduces Epithelioid Sarcoma Cell Proliferation by Activating Mitotic Catastrophe and Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11147. [PMID: 34681807 PMCID: PMC8538073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a rare disease representing <1% of soft tissue sarcomas. Current therapies are based on anthracycline alone or in combination with ifosfamide or other cytotoxic drugs. ES is still characterized by a poor prognosis with high rates of recurrence. Indeed, for years, ES survival rates have remained stagnant, suggesting that conventional treatments should be revised and improved. New therapeutic approaches are focused to target the key regulators of signaling pathways, the causative markers of tumor pathophysiology. To this end, we selected, among the drugs to which an ES cell line is highly sensitive, those that target signaling pathways known to be dysregulated in ES. In particular, we found a key role for GSK-3β, which results in up-regulation in tumor versus normal tissue samples and associated to poor prognosis in sarcoma patients. Following this evidence, we evaluated CHIR99021, a GSK-3 inhibitor, as a potential drug for use in ES therapy. Our data highlight that, in ES cells, CHIR99021 induces cell cycle arrest, mitotic catastrophe (MC) and autophagic response, resulting in reduced cell proliferation. Our results support the potential efficacy of CHIR99021 in ES treatment and encourage further preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Russi
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Anna Maria Bochicchio
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Pietro Zoppoli
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Michele Aieta
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Alba Maria Lucia Capobianco
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Vitalba Ruggieri
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
- UOC Clinical Pathology, Altamura Hospital, 70022 Altamura, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zifarone
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Geppino Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy
- Biogem—Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Simona Laurino
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
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Transcriptome Analysis of Cells Exposed to Actinomycin D and Nutlin-3a Reveals New Candidate p53-Target Genes and Indicates That CHIR-98014 Is an Important Inhibitor of p53 Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011072. [PMID: 34681730 PMCID: PMC8538697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-treatment with actinomycin D and nutlin-3a (A + N) strongly activates p53. Previously we reported that CHIR-98014 (GSK-3 kinase inhibitor), acting in cells exposed to A + N, prevents activation of TREM2-an innate immunity and p53-regulated gene associated with Alzheimer’s disease. In order to find novel candidate p53-target genes and genes regulated by CHIR-98014, we performed RNA-Seq of control A549 cells and the cells exposed to A + N, A + N with CHIR-98014 or to CHIR-98014. We validated the data for selected genes using RT-PCR and/or Western blotting. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology we generated p53-deficient cells. These tools enabled us to identify dozens of candidate p53-regulated genes. We confirmed that p53 participates in upregulation of BLNK, APOE and IRF1. BLNK assists in activation of immune cells, APOE codes for apolipoprotein associated with Alzheimer’s disease and IRF1 is activated by interferon gamma and regulates expression of antiviral genes. CHIR-98014 prevented or inhibited the upregulation of a fraction of genes stimulated by A + N. Downregulation of GSK-3 did not mimic the activity of CHIR-98014. Our data generate the hypothesis, that an unidentified kinase inhibited by CHIR-98014, participates in modification of p53 and enables it to activate a subset of its target genes, e.g., the ones associated with innate immunity.
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Shen C, He Y, Chen Q, Feng H, Williams TM, Lu Y, He Z. Narrative review of emerging roles for AKT-mTOR signaling in cancer radioimmunotherapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1596. [PMID: 34790802 PMCID: PMC8576660 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the roles of AKT-mTOR signaling in the regulation of the DNA damage response and PD-L1 expression in cancer cells, and propose a novel strategy of targeting AKT-mTOR signaling in combination with radioimmunotherapy in the era of cancer immunotherapy. BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has greatly improved the clinical outcomes of many cancer patients and has changed the landscape of cancer patient management. However, only a small subgroup of cancer patients (~20-30%) benefit from immune checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy. The current challenge is to find biomarkers to predict the response of patients to immunotherapy and strategies to sensitize patients to immunotherapy. METHODS Search and review the literature which were published in PUBMED from 2000-2021 with the key words mTOR, AKT, drug resistance, DNA damage response, immunotherapy, PD-L1, DNA repair, radioimmunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS More than 50% of cancer patients receive radiotherapy during their course of treatment. Radiotherapy has been shown to reduce the growth of locally irradiated tumors as well as metastatic non-irradiated tumors (abscopal effects) by affecting systemic immunity. Consistently, immunotherapy has been demonstrated to enhance radiotherapy with more than one hundred clinical trials of radiation in combination with immunotherapy (radioimmunotherapy) across cancer types. Nevertheless, current available data have shown limited efficacy of trials testing radioimmunotherapy. AKT-mTOR signaling is a major tumor growth-promoting pathway and is upregulated in most cancers. AKT-mTOR signaling is activated by growth factors as well as genotoxic stresses including radiotherapy. Importantly, recent advances have shown that AKT-mTOR is one of the main signaling pathways that regulate DNA damage repair as well as PD-L1 levels in cancers. These recent advances clearly suggest a novel cancer therapy strategy by targeting AKT-mTOR signaling in combination with radioimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxian Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuqi He
- Monash School of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haihua Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Terence M. Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuanzhi Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengfu He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhu Z, Cui L, Yang J, Vong CT, Hu Y, Xiao J, Chan G, He Z, Zhong Z. Anticancer effects of asiatic acid against doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells via an AMPK-dependent pathway in vitro. PHYTOMEDICINE 2021; 92:153737. [PMID: 34560519 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Asiatic acid is one of the active compounds isolated from Centella asiatica and has been used to treat many diseases, including hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, and cancer. It exhibits anticancer effects in many cancers, such as ovarian, lung and colon cancer; however, its anticancer effects in breast cancer and the underlying mechanism are not fully understood. Chemoresistance is often induced after the use of chemotherapy, and it is a challenging problem in cancer therapy. The effects of asiatic acid on chemoresistance in breast cancer have never been studied. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the anticancer effects of asiatic acid in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer MCF-7 cells. METHODS The cells were incubated with asiatic acid at 0-160 μM for 2-24 h. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were evaluated by 3-[4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Florescent images were taken using a confocal microscope. P-gp function and apoptosis assays were performed using flow cytometry. Caspase activity was measured with the Caspase-Glo™ Assay System. The phosphorylation and expression of relevant proteins were assessed by western blots. Molecular docking was performed and scored by AutoDock. Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) was applied for experimental valuation. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that asiatic acid induced cell death in multiple ways, including reactive oxygen species production, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content reduction, and adaptive immunity balance via intrinsic apoptosis, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and indirect nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) transcriptional pathways, using experimental validation and in silico analysis. Moreover, asiatic acid also enhanced the sensitivity of doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 cells to doxorubicin by improving P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that asiatic acid has strong anticancer effects to reverse multidrug resistance and could be developed as a promising adjuvant drug for the treatment of chemoresistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhu
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Ging Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Zhiwei He
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
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Nath N, Rana A, Nagini S, Mishra R. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β inactivation promotes cervical cancer progression, invasion, and drug resistance. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1929-1941. [PMID: 34554598 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection-dependent cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological cancers and often becomes aggressive, with rapid proliferation, invasion/migration, and drug resistance. Here, 135 fresh human cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) tissue specimens, comprising 21 adjacent normal (AN), 30 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1-3 ), 45 CSCC, and 39 drugs (chemo-radiation)-resistant cervical tumor (DRCT) tissues were included. HPV-positive (HeLa, SiHa), HPV-negative (C33A), and cisplatin-resistant (CisR-HeLa/-SiHa/-C33A) cell lines were used for in vitro studies. HPV16/18 oncoproteins E6/E7, pERK1/2, and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-9/-2 were assessed using immunohistochemistry, WB, and gelatin zymography. HPV16/18 infection was observed in 16.7% of the CIN1-3 , 77.8% of the CSCC, and 89.7% of DRCT samples. Total and inactive GSK3β expressions were associated with overall CSCC progression (p = 0.039 and p = 0.024, respectively) and chemoresistance (p = 0.004 and p = 0.014, respectively). Positive correlations were observed, between the expression of E6 and pGSK3β expression (p = 0.013); E6 and CSCC progression (p < 0.0001)/drug resistance (p = 0.0001). CisR-HeLa/-SiHa was more dependent on pGSK3β, and activation of GSK3 by SMIs (iAkt), treatment with nimbolide, or knockdown of E6/E7 reduced cisplatin resistance and promoted apoptosis. Hence, the activation of GSK3β with nimbolide and iAkt can be exploited for therapeutic interventions of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Nath
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ajay Rana
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajakishore Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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33
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Pecoraro C, Faggion B, Balboni B, Carbone D, Peters GJ, Diana P, Assaraf YG, Giovannetti E. GSK3β as a novel promising target to overcome chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 58:100779. [PMID: 34461526 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence and poor prognosis due to its late diagnosis and intrinsic chemoresistance. Most pancreatic cancer patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease characterized by inherent resistance to chemotherapy. These features pose a series of therapeutic challenges and new targets are urgently needed. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase, which regulates key cellular processes including cell proliferation, DNA repair, cell cycle progression, signaling and metabolic pathways. GSK3β is implicated in non-malignant and malignant diseases including inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer. GSK3β recently emerged among the key factors involved in the onset and progression of pancreatic cancer, as well as in the acquisition of chemoresistance. Intensive research has been conducted on key oncogenic functions of GSK3β and its potential as a druggable target; currently developed GSK3β inhibitors display promising results in preclinical models of distinct tumor types, including pancreatic cancer. Here, we review the latest findings about GSK-3β biology and its role in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, we discuss therapeutic agents targeting GSK3β that could be administered as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs to surmount chemoresistance. Several studies are also defining potential gene signatures to identify patients who might benefit from GSK3β-based therapeutic intervention. This detailed overview emphasizes the urgent need of additional molecular studies on the impact of GSK3β inhibition as well as structural analysis of novel compounds and omics studies of predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pecoraro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Beatrice Faggion
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Beatrice Balboni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy, and Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Via Ferruccio Giovannini 13, 56017 San Giuliano Terme (Pisa), Italy.
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34
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Sun C, Xiao Y, Li J, Ge B, Chen X, Liu H, Zheng T. Nonenzymatic function of DPP4 in diabetes-associated mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:966-987. [PMID: 34374497 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) has been proven to exert its functions by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways. The nonenzymatic function of DPP4 in diabetes-associated cognitive impairment remains unexplored. We determined DPP4 protein concentrations or its enzymatic activity in type 2 diabetic patients and db/db mice and tested the impact of the non-enzymatic function of DPP4 on mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment both in vivo and in vitro. The results show that increased DPP4 activity was an independent risk factor for incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in type 2 diabetic patients. In addition, DPP4 was highly expressed in the hippocampus of db/db mice and contributed to mitochondria dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Mechanistically, DPP4 might bind to PAR2 in the hippocampus and trigger GSK-3β activation, which downregulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha expression and leads to mitochondria dysfunction, thereby promoting cognitive impairment in diabetes. Our findings indicate that the nonenzymatic function of DPP4 might promote mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunwei Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Bo Ge
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Tianpeng Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
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35
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Jung S, Kim Y, Kim M, Seo M, Kim S, Kim S, Lee S. Exercise Pills for Drug Addiction: Forced Moderate Endurance Exercise Inhibits Methamphetamine-Induced Hyperactivity through the Striatal Glutamatergic Signaling Pathway in Male Sprague Dawley Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158203. [PMID: 34360969 PMCID: PMC8348279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise reduces the extent, duration, and frequency of drug use in drug addicts during the drug initiation phase, as well as during prolonged addiction, withdrawal, and recurrence. However, information about exercise-induced neurobiological changes is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of forced moderate endurance exercise training on methamphetamine (METH)-induced behavior and the associated neurobiological changes. Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to the administration of METH (1 mg/kg/day, i.p.) and/or forced moderate endurance exercise (treadmill running, 21 m/min, 60 min/day) for 2 weeks. Over the two weeks, endurance exercise training significantly reduced METH-induced hyperactivity. METH and/or exercise treatment increased striatal dopamine (DA) levels, decreased p(Thr308)-Akt expression, and increased p(Tyr216)-GSK-3β expression. However, the phosphorylation levels of Ser9-GSK-3β were significantly increased in the exercise group. METH administration significantly increased the expression of NMDAr1, CaMKK2, MAPKs, and PP1 in the striatum, and exercise treatment significantly decreased the expression of these molecules. Therefore, it is apparent that endurance exercise inhibited the METH-induced hyperactivity due to the decrease in GSK-3β activation by the regulation of the striatal glutamate signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sooyeun Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-580-6651; Fax: +82-53-580-5164
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36
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Mahmood I, Azfaralariff A, Mohamad A, Airianah OB, Law D, Dyari HRE, Lim YC, Fazry S. Mutated Shiitake extracts inhibit melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells in zebrafish embryo. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 245:109033. [PMID: 33737223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of natural extracts to inhibit melanocyte activity is of great interest to researchers. This study evaluates and explores the ability of mutated Shiitake (A37) and wildtype Shiitake (WE) extract to inhibit this activity. Several properties such as total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, effect on cell and component profiling were conducted. While having no significant differences in total phenolic content, mutation resulted in A37 having a TFC content (1.04 ± 0.7 mg/100 ml) compared to WE (0.86 ± 0.9 mg/100 ml). Despite that, A37 extract has lower antioxidant activity (EC50, A37 = 549.6 ± 2.70 μg/ml) than WE (EC50 = 52.8 ± 1.19 μg/ml). Toxicity tests on zebrafish embryos show that both extracts, stop the embryogenesis process when the concentration used exceeds 900 μg/ml. Although both extracts showed pigmentation reduction in zebrafish embryos, A37 extract showed no effect on embryo heartbeat. Cell cycle studies revealed that WE significantly affect the cell cycle while A37 not. Further tests found that these extracts inhibit the phosphorylation of Glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (pGSK3β) in HS27 cell line, which may explain the activation of apoptosis in melanin-producing cells. It was found that from 19 known compounds, 14 compounds were present in both WE and A37 extracts. Interestingly, the presence of decitabine in A37 extract makes it very potential for use in the medical application such as treatment of melanoma, skin therapy and even cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Mahmood
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Azfaralariff
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azhar Mohamad
- Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Othman B Airianah
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Tasik Chini Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Innovative Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Douglas Law
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Herryawan Ryadi Eziwar Dyari
- Tasik Chini Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yi Chieh Lim
- Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Strand boulevard 49, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Shazrul Fazry
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Tasik Chini Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Innovative Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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37
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Huang S, Wang J, Men H, Tan Y, Lin Q, Gozal E, Zheng Y, Cai L. Cardiac metallothionein overexpression rescues diabetic cardiomyopathy in Akt2-knockout mice. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6828-6840. [PMID: 34053181 PMCID: PMC8278119 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To efficiently prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), we have explored and confirmed that metallothionein (MT) prevents DCM by attenuating oxidative stress, and increasing expression of proteins associated with glucose metabolism. To determine whether Akt2 expression is critical to MT prevention of DCM, mice with either global Akt2 gene deletion (Akt2-KO), or cardiomyocyte-specific overexpressing MT gene (MT-TG) or both combined (MT-TG/Akt2-KO) were used. Akt2-KO mice exhibited symptoms of DCM (cardiac remodelling and dysfunction), and reduced expression of glycogen and glucose metabolism-related proteins, despite an increase in total Akt (t-Akt) phosphorylation. Cardiac MT overexpression in MT-TG/Akt2-KO mice prevented DCM and restored glucose metabolism-related proteins expression and baseline t-Akt phosphorylation. Furthermore, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 increased in the heart of MT-TG/Akt2-KO mice, compared with Akt2-KO mice. As ERK1/2 has been implicated in the regulation of glucose transport and metabolism this increase could potentially underlie MT protective effect in MT-TG/Akt2-KO mice. Therefore, these results show that although our previous work has shown that MT preserving Akt2 activity is sufficient to prevent DCM, in the absence of Akt2 MT may stimulate alternative or downstream pathways protecting from DCM in a type 2 model of diabetes, and that this protection may be associated with the ERK activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseaseThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jiqun Wang
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseaseThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hongbo Men
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseaseThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yi Tan
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Evelyne Gozal
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseaseThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
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38
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Martelli AM, Evangelisti C, Paganelli F, Chiarini F, McCubrey JA. GSK-3: a multifaceted player in acute leukemias. Leukemia 2021; 35:1829-1842. [PMID: 33811246 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) consists of two isoforms (α and β) that were originally linked to glucose metabolism regulation. However, GSK-3 is also involved in several signaling pathways controlling many different key functions in healthy cells. GSK-3 is a unique kinase in that its isoforms are constitutively active, while they are inactivated mainly through phosphorylation at Ser residues by a variety of upstream kinases. In the early 1990s, GSK-3 emerged as a key player in cancer cell pathophysiology. Since active GSK-3 promotes destruction of multiple oncogenic proteins (e.g., β-catenin, c-Myc, Mcl-1) it was considered to be a tumor suppressor. Accordingly, GSK-3 is frequently inactivated in human cancer via aberrant regulation of upstream signaling pathways. More recently, however, it has emerged that GSK-3 isoforms display also oncogenic properties, as they up-regulate pathways critical for neoplastic cell proliferation, survival, and drug-resistance. The regulatory roles of GSK-3 isoforms in cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA repair, tumor metabolism, invasion, and metastasis reflect the therapeutic relevance of these kinases and provide the rationale for combining GSK-3 inhibitors with other targeted drugs. Here, we discuss the multiple and often conflicting roles of GSK-3 isoforms in acute leukemias. We also review the current status of GSK-3 inhibitor development for innovative leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Paganelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza" Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza" Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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39
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Tsai CL, Jung SM, Chi LM, Tsai CN, Lin CY, Chao A, Lee YS. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β)-mediated phosphorylation of ETS1 promotes progression of ovarian carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13739-13763. [PMID: 34023818 PMCID: PMC8202891 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ETS1 - an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes - is overexpressed in several malignancies, including ovarian cancer. Most studies on ETS1 expression have been focused on the transcriptional and RNA levels, with post-translational control mechanisms remaining relatively unexplored in the pathogenesis of malignancies. Here, we show that ETS1 forms a complex with glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). Specifically, GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation of ETS1 at threonine 265 and serine 269 promoted protein stability, induced the transcriptional activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and increased cell migration. In vivo experiments revealed that a GSK3β inhibitor was able to suppress both endogenous ETS1 expression and induction of MMP-9 expression. Upon generation of a specific antibody against phosphorylated ETS1, we demonstrated that phospho-ETS1 immunohistochemical expression in ovarian cancer specimens was correlated with that of MMP-9. Notably, the cumulative overall survival of patients with low phospho-ETS1 histoscores was significantly longer than that of those showing higher scores. We conclude that the GSK3β/ETS1/MMP-9 axis may regulate the biological aggressiveness of ovarian cancer and can serve as a prognostic factor in patients with this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lung Tsai
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Jung
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lang-Ming Chi
- Clinical Proteomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Neu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yun Lin
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Angel Chao
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shien Lee
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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40
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Wang F, Qian H, Kong L, Wang W, Wang X, Xu Z, Chai Y, Xu J, Kang Q. Accelerated Bone Regeneration by Astragaloside IV through Stimulating the Coupling of Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1821-1836. [PMID: 33994865 PMCID: PMC8120474 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.57681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both osteoblasts and preosteoclasts contribute to the coupling of osteogenesis and angiogenesis, regulating bone regeneration. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a glycoside of cycloartane-type triterpene derived from the Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus, exhibits various biological activities, including stimulating angiogenesis and attenuating ischemic-hypoxic injury. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of AS-IV in osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and bone regeneration remain poorly understood. In the present study, we found that AS-IV treatment inhibited osteoclastogenesis, preserved preosteoclasts, and enhanced platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced angiogenesis. Additionally, AS-IV promoted cell viability, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenic gene expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The activation of AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling was found to contribute to the effects of AS-IV on osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis. Furthermore, AS-IV accelerated bone regeneration during distraction osteogenesis (DO), as evidenced from the improved radiological and histological manifestations and biomechanical parameters, accompanied by enhanced angiogenesis within the distraction zone. In summary, AS-IV accelerates bone regeneration during DO, by enhancing osteogenesis and preosteoclast-induced angiogenesis simultaneously, partially through AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling. These findings reveal that AS-IV may serve as a potential bioactive molecule for promoting the coupling of osteogenesis and angiogenesis, and imply that AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling may be a promising therapeutic target for patients during DO treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Huijuan Qian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Lingchi Kong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Ze Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Qinglin Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
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41
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Mangangcha IR, Brojen Singh RK, Lebeche D, Ali S. Xanthone glucoside 2-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one binds to the ATP-binding pocket of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and inhibits its activity: implications in prostate cancer and associated cardiovascular disease risk. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:7868-7884. [PMID: 33769184 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1902857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a serine/threonine kinase which in the presence of ATP in its ATP-binding pocket transfers a phosphate to a primed substrate. GSK3β is an isoform of GSK3 which has been projected as a potent therapeutic target in human diseases including cancers and metabolic syndrome. Incidentally, cardiovascular disease is a common cause of non-cancer related deaths in prostate cancer (PCa) patients, mainly due to the effects of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), a mainstay for PCa treatment. Several small molecular inhibitors of GSK3 are either ATP-competitive (bind to the ATP-binding pocket), or non-ATP-competitive inhibitors (binding to the substrate-binding site of the enzyme). In this study, 2-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one (βDGT), a natural xanthonoid present in many plant species, is reported to bind to the ATP-binding pocket of GSK3β and inhibit its activity, as demonstrated by the molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analysis and experimental validation in vitro. A comparison of the binding affinities with five known ATP-competitive inhibitors of GSK3β suggested similarity in binding site residues in the ATP-binding pocket of the enzyme. The optimum inhibitory concentration of the xanthonoid as determined by the luminescent kinase assay was 200 µM. The study envisages the use of βDGT as a natural ATP-competitive inhibitor of GSK3β and implicates its use in PCa patients on ADT, a cardiovascular disease risk, and other pathological conditions where GSK3 inhibition may be clinically important. HighlightsGSK3β is a multifaceted kinase known for its role in cancers, cardiovascular, and other diseases.In this study, βDGT, a xanthonoid, is reported to bind to the ATP-binding pocket of GSK3β.A comparison of βDGT binding with 5 known ATP-competitive inhibitors of GSK3β suggested the involvement of residues at the ATP binding site.The binding site analysis suggested an ATP-competitive mechanism of enzyme inhibition.Study envisages the use of βDGT as a natural ATP-competitive inhibitor of GSK3β and implicates its use in prostate cancer patients on androgen-deprivation therapy, a cardiovascular disease risk, and other pathological conditions.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irengbam Rocky Mangangcha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), Delhi, India.,School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), Delhi, India.,Bioinformatics Center, BIF, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), Delhi, India.,Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar Brojen Singh
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shakir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), Delhi, India.,School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), Delhi, India.,Bioinformatics Center, BIF, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), Delhi, India
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42
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Nagini S, Nivetha R, Palrasu M, Mishra R. Nimbolide, a Neem Limonoid, Is a Promising Candidate for the Anticancer Drug Arsenal. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3560-3577. [PMID: 33739088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nimbolide, a major limonoid constituent of Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, has attracted increasing research attention owing to its wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, predominantly anticancer activity. Nimbolide is reported to exert potent antiproliferative effects on a myriad cancer cell lines and chemotherapeutic efficacy in preclinical animal tumor models. The potentiality of nimbolide to circumvent multidrug resistance and aid in targeted protein degradation broaden its utility in enhancing therapeutic modalities and outcome. Accumulating evidence indicates that nimbolide prevents the acquisition of cancer hallmarks such as sustained proliferation, apoptosis evasion, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and inflammation by modulating kinase-driven oncogenic signaling networks. Nimbolide has been demonstrated to abrogate aberrant activation of cellular signaling by influencing the subcellular localization of transcription factors and phosphorylation of kinases in addition to influencing the epigenome. Nimbolide, with its ever-expanding repertoire of molecular targets, is a valuable addition to the anticancer drug arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India
| | - Ramesh Nivetha
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India
| | - Manikandan Palrasu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Rosenstiel Medical Sciences Building, Suite 4116, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Rajakishore Mishra
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835205, India
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43
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Chang C, Wang SH, Xu LN, Su XL, Zeng YF, Wang P, Zhang LR, Han SN. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inhibitor SB216763 improves Kir2.1 expression after myocardia infraction in rats. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2021; 63:239-248. [PMID: 33611692 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-021-00963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal ion channel currents caused by myocardial electrical remodeling is one of the main causes of malignant arrhythmias. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is the main therapeutic target following ischemia as it regulates nerve cell channels. However, few studies have investigated its role in myocardial electrical remodeling. The present study aimed to investigate the role of GSK-3β in a rat myocardial infarction (MI)-induced electrical remodeling and potential effects on cardiac ionic channels including KCNJ2/Kir2.1/IK1. METHODS Ligation of the left anterior descending artery in rats was performed to establish a MI model. The rats were randomly divided into three groups, the sham, MI, and MI + SB group. The animals in the latter group were administered SB216763 (GSK-3β inhibitor) at a dose of 0.6 mg·kg-1·day-1. The ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography, electrocardiography, and histological analysis 7 days post-surgery. Serum was collected to measure lactate dehydrogenase and cardiac troponin I levels, and the mRNA and protein levels of the KCNJ2/Kir2.1/IK1 channel in the heart tissues were assessed. H9c2 cells were cultured to examine the effects of SB216763 on the protein expression of Kir2.1 channel under hypoxic conditions. RESULTS The results revealed that SB216763 ameliorated acute cardiac injury and improved myocardial dysfunction. Moreover, SB216763 increased the mRNA and protein expression of Kir2.1 during MI. Furthermore, SB216763 treatment abrogated the decreased expression of Kir2.1 in H9c2 cells under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSIONS GSK-3β inhibition upregulates Kir2.1 expression in a rat model of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shu-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Li-Na Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xue-Ling Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Basic Medical Department, School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Sheng-Na Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Glibo M, Serman A, Karin-Kujundzic V, Bekavac Vlatkovic I, Miskovic B, Vranic S, Serman L. The role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in cancer with emphasis on ovarian cancer development and progression: A comprehensive review. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:5-18. [PMID: 32767962 PMCID: PMC7861620 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.5036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a monomeric serine-threonine kinase discovered in 1980 in a rat skeletal muscle. It has been involved in various cellular processes including embryogenesis, immune response, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, wound healing, neurodegeneration, and carcinogenesis. GSK3 exists in two different isoforms, GSK3α and GSK3β, both containing seven antiparallel beta-plates, a short linking part and an alpha helix, but coded by different genes and variously expressed in human tissues. In the current review, we comprehensively appraise the current literature on the role of GSK3 in various cancers with emphasis on ovarian carcinoma. Our findings indicate that the role of GSK3 in ovarian cancer development cannot be decisively determined as the currently available data support both prooncogenic and tumor-suppressive effects. Likewise, the clinical impact of GSK3 expression on ovarian cancer patients and its potential therapeutic implications are also limited. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the pathophysiological and clinical implications of GSK3 activity in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mislav Glibo
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alan Serman
- Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Karin-Kujundzic
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivanka Bekavac Vlatkovic
- Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Berivoj Miskovic
- Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ljiljana Serman
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Li Q, Yu D, Yu Z, Gao Q, Chen R, Zhou L, Wang R, Li Y, Qian Y, Zhao J, Rosell R, Tao M, Xie Y, Xu C. TIPE3 promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression via the protein kinase B/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-glycogen synthase kinase 3β-β-catenin/Snail axis. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:936-954. [PMID: 33718034 PMCID: PMC7947417 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like 3 (TNFAIP8L3, also called TIPE3) has been shown to activate PI3K-AKT and MEK-ERK pathways. However, the roles of TIPE3 in progression of lung cancer are largely unknown. Methods Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were carried out to analyze the expression of TIPE3 in lung cancer clinical tissues and cells. TIPE3-overexpressing and knock-down NSCLC cell lines were established by transfer of TIPE3 coding sequence and shRNA, respectively. In vitro functional assays were performed to assess the effects of TIPE3 on proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells. Tumor xenograft mouse model was used to examine the roles of TIPE3 in growth of NSCLC cells in vivo. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were conducted to evaluate the association of TIPE3 and molecules related to AKT/ERK1/2-GSK3β-β-catenin/Snail pathway. PI3K, MEK, or GSK3β kinase and proteasome inhibition assays as well as β-Trcp and STUB1 siRNA assays were employed to determine the contribution of AKT/ERK1/2-GSK3β signaling and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to the regulatory effects of TIPE3 on expression of β-catenin, Snail1, and Slug. Results We demonstrated that TIPE3 was elevated in lung cancer tissues and cells. The expression level of TIPE3 was positively correlated with malignant clinicopathological characteristics of lung cancer patients, such as tumor size, pathologic stage, and lymph node metastasis. Knockdown of TIPE3 suppressed the proliferation and growth of NSCLC cells as well as their migration and invasion ability, whereas TIPE3 overexpression facilitated these biological processes. Mechanistic data showed that TIPE3 promoted AKT and ERK1/2 signaling, inactivated GSK3β activity, and enhanced the expression and transcriptional activity of β-catenin, Snail1, and Slug in NSCLC cells. Kinase or proteasome inhibition and β-Trcp or STUB1 knockdown assays further revealed that TIPE3 upregulated β-catenin, Snail1, and Slug via the AKT/ERK1/2-GSK3β pathway, in an ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent manner. More importantly, clinical data demonstrated that the expression level of TIPE3 was positively associated with the activation of AKT/ERK1/2-GSK3β-β-catenin/Snail pathway in lung cancer. Conclusions Our findings indicate that upregulation of TIPE3 promotes the progression of human NSCLC considerably by activating β-catenin, Snail1, and Slug transcriptional signaling via the AKT/ERK1/2-GSK3β axis. Therefore, TIPE3 may represent a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengyuan Yu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruifang Chen
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yulan Qian
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona, Spain.,Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program of the Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Xie
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Racaud-Sultan C, Vergnolle N. GSK3β, a Master Kinase in the Regulation of Adult Stem Cell Behavior. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020225. [PMID: 33498808 PMCID: PMC7911451 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult stem cells, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β) is at the crossroad of signaling pathways controlling survival, proliferation, adhesion and differentiation. The microenvironment plays a key role in the regulation of these cell functions and we have demonstrated that the GSK3β activity is strongly dependent on the engagement of integrins and protease-activated receptors (PARs). Downstream of the integrin α5β1 or PAR2 activation, a molecular complex is organized around the scaffolding proteins RACK1 and β-arrestin-2 respectively, containing the phosphatase PP2A responsible for GSK3β activation. As a consequence, a quiescent stem cell phenotype is established with high capacities to face apoptotic and metabolic stresses. A protective role of GSK3β has been found for hematopoietic and intestinal stem cells. Latters survived to de-adhesion through PAR2 activation, whereas formers were protected from cytotoxicity through α5β1 engagement. However, a prolonged activation of GSK3β promoted a defect in epithelial regeneration and a resistance to chemotherapy of leukemic cells, paving the way to chronic inflammatory diseases and to cancer resurgence, respectively. In both cases, a sexual dimorphism was measured in GSK3β-dependent cellular functions. GSK3β activity is a key marker for inflammatory and cancer diseases allowing adjusted therapy to sex, age and metabolic status of patients.
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Zou Y, Fineberg S, Pearlman A, Feinman RD, Fine EJ. The effect of a ketogenic diet and synergy with rapamycin in a mouse model of breast cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233662. [PMID: 33270630 PMCID: PMC7714189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of diet in cancer, in general, and breast cancer in particular, are not well understood. Insulin inhibition in ketogenic, high fat diets, modulate downstream signaling molecules and are postulated to have therapeutic benefits. Obesity and diabetes have been associated with higher incidence of breast cancer. Addition of anti-cancer drugs together with diet is also not well studied. METHODS Two diets, one ketogenic, the other standard mouse chow, were tested in a spontaneous breast cancer model in 34 mice. Subgroups of 3-9 mice were assigned, in which the diet were implemented either with or without added rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor and potential anti-cancer drug. RESULTS Blood glucose and insulin concentrations in mice ingesting the ketogenic diet (KD) were significantly lower, whereas beta hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels were significantly higher, respectively, than in mice on the standard diet (SD). Growth of primary breast tumors and lung metastases were inhibited, and lifespans were longer in the KD mice compared to mice on the SD (p<0.005). Rapamycin improved survival in both mouse diet groups, but when combined with the KD was more effective than when combined with the SD. CONCLUSIONS The study provides proof of principle that a ketogenic diet a) results in serum insulin reduction and ketosis in a spontaneous breast cancer mouse model; b) can serve as a therapeutic anti-cancer agent; and c) can enhance the effects of rapamycin, an anti-cancer drug, permitting dose reduction for comparable effect. Further, the ketogenic diet in this model produces superior cancer control than standard mouse chow whether with or without added rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Zou
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Susan Fineberg
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Alexander Pearlman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Feinman
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Eugene J. Fine
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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MiRNAs directly targeting the key intermediates of biological pathways in pancreatic cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 189:114357. [PMID: 33279497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic Cancer (PC) is a severe form of malignancy all over the world. Delayed diagnosis and chemoresistance are the major factors contributing to its poor prognosis and high mortality rate. The genetic and epigenetic regulations of biological pathways further complicate the progression and chemotherapy response to this cancer. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) involvement has been observed in all types of cancers including PC. The understanding and categorization of miRNAs according to their specific targets are very important to develop early diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The current review, emphasizing recent research findings, has categorized miRNAs that directly target the potential onco-factors that act as central converging signal-nodes in five major cancer-related pathways i.e., MAPK/ERK, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, AKT/mTOR, and TGFβ in PC. The therapeutic perspectives of miRNAs in PC have also been discussed. This will help to understand the interplay of various miRNAs within foremost signaling pathways and develop a multifactorial approach to treat difficult-to-treat PC.
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Uehara M, Domoto T, Takenaka S, Bolidong D, Takeuchi O, Miyashita T, Minamoto T. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β participates in acquired resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4405-4416. [PMID: 32986894 PMCID: PMC7734171 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of resistance to gemcitabine is a challenging clinical and biological hallmark property of refractory pancreatic cancer. Here, we investigated whether glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, an emerging therapeutic target in various cancer types, is mechanistically involved in acquired resistance to gemcitabine in human pancreatic cancer. This study included 3 gemcitabine-sensitive BxPC-3 cell-derived clones (BxG30, BxG140, BxG400) that acquired stepwise resistance to gemcitabine and overexpressed ribonucleotide reductase (RR)M1. Treatment with GSK3β-specific inhibitor alone attenuated the viability and proliferation of the gemcitabine-resistant clones, while synergistically enhancing the efficacy of gemcitabine against these clones and their xenograft tumors in rodents. The gemcitabine-resensitizing effect of GSK3β inhibition was associated with decreased expression of RRM1, reduced phosphorylation of Rb protein, and restored binding of Rb to the E2 transcription factor (E2F)1. This was followed by decreased E2F1 transcriptional activity, which ultimately suppressed the expression of E2F1 transcriptional targets including RRM1, CCND1 encoding cyclin D1, thymidylate synthase, and thymidine kinase 1. These results suggested that GSK3β participates in the acquisition of gemcitabine resistance by pancreatic cancer cells via impairment of the functional interaction between Rb tumor suppressor protein and E2F1 pro-oncogenic transcription factor, thereby highlighting GSK3β as a promising target in refractory pancreatic cancer. By providing insight into the molecular mechanism of gemcitabine resistance, this study identified a potentially novel strategy for pancreatic cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Uehara
- Division of Translational and Clinical OncologyCancer Research InstituteKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Takahiro Domoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical OncologyCancer Research InstituteKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Satoshi Takenaka
- Division of Translational and Clinical OncologyCancer Research InstituteKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Dilireba Bolidong
- Division of Translational and Clinical OncologyCancer Research InstituteKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Biomedical LaboratoryDepartment of ResearchKitasato University Kitasato Institute HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoharu Miyashita
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
- Department of Surgical OncologyKanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawaJapan
| | - Toshinari Minamoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical OncologyCancer Research InstituteKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
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50
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Delgado ILS, Carmona B, Nolasco S, Santos D, Leitão A, Soares H. MOB: Pivotal Conserved Proteins in Cytokinesis, Cell Architecture and Tissue Homeostasis. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120413. [PMID: 33255245 PMCID: PMC7761452 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The MOB family proteins are constituted by highly conserved eukaryote kinase signal adaptors that are often essential both for cell and organism survival. Historically, MOB family proteins have been described as kinase activators participating in Hippo and Mitotic Exit Network/ Septation Initiation Network (MEN/SIN) signaling pathways that have central roles in regulating cytokinesis, cell polarity, cell proliferation and cell fate to control organ growth and regeneration. In metazoans, MOB proteins act as central signal adaptors of the core kinase module MST1/2, LATS1/2, and NDR1/2 kinases that phosphorylate the YAP/TAZ transcriptional co-activators, effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway. More recently, MOBs have been shown to also have non-kinase partners and to be involved in cilia biology, indicating that its activity and regulation is more diverse than expected. In this review, we explore the possible ancestral role of MEN/SIN pathways on the built-in nature of a more complex and functionally expanded Hippo pathway, by focusing on the most conserved components of these pathways, the MOB proteins. We discuss the current knowledge of MOBs-regulated signaling, with emphasis on its evolutionary history and role in morphogenesis, cytokinesis, and cell polarity from unicellular to multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês L. S. Delgado
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal or (I.L.S.D.); or (S.N.); (D.S.); (A.L.)
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Carmona
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal; or
- Centro de Química Estrutural–Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Nolasco
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal or (I.L.S.D.); or (S.N.); (D.S.); (A.L.)
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal; or
| | - Dulce Santos
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal or (I.L.S.D.); or (S.N.); (D.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Alexandre Leitão
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal or (I.L.S.D.); or (S.N.); (D.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Helena Soares
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal; or
- Centro de Química Estrutural–Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: or
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