1
|
Trevisan R, Mello DF. Redox control of antioxidants, metabolism, immunity, and development at the core of stress adaptation of the oyster Crassostrea gigas to the dynamic intertidal environment. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:85-106. [PMID: 37952585 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
This review uses the marine bivalve Crassostrea gigas to highlight redox reactions and control systems in species living in dynamic intertidal environments. Intertidal species face daily and seasonal environmental variability, including temperature, oxygen, salinity, and nutritional changes. Increasing anthropogenic pressure can bring pollutants and pathogens as additional stressors. Surprisingly, C. gigas demonstrates impressive adaptability to most of these challenges. We explore how ROS production, antioxidant protection, redox signaling, and metabolic adjustments can shed light on how redox biology supports oyster survival in harsh conditions. The review provides (i) a brief summary of shared redox sensing processes in metazoan; (ii) an overview of unique characteristics of the C. gigas intertidal habitat and the suitability of this species as a model organism; (iii) insights into the redox biology of C. gigas, including ROS sources, signaling pathways, ROS-scavenging systems, and thiol-containing proteins; and examples of (iv) hot topics that are underdeveloped in bivalve research linking redox biology with immunometabolism, physioxia, and development. Given its plasticity to environmental changes, C. gigas is a valuable model for studying the role of redox biology in the adaptation to harsh habitats, potentially providing novel insights for basic and applied studies in marine and comparative biochemistry and physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Trevisan
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, UMR 6539, LEMAR, Plouzané, 29280, France
| | - Danielle F Mello
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, UMR 6539, LEMAR, Plouzané, 29280, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cavalieri V, Spinelli G. Early asymmetric cues triggering the dorsal/ventral gene regulatory network of the sea urchin embryo. eLife 2014; 3:e04664. [PMID: 25457050 PMCID: PMC4273433 DOI: 10.7554/elife.04664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dorsal/ventral (DV) patterning of the sea urchin embryo relies on a ventrally-localized organizer expressing Nodal, a pivotal regulator of the DV gene regulatory network. However, the inceptive mechanisms imposing the symmetry-breaking are incompletely understood. In Paracentrotus lividus, the Hbox12 homeodomain-containing repressor is expressed by prospective dorsal cells, spatially facing and preceding the onset of nodal transcription. We report that Hbox12 misexpression provokes DV abnormalities, attenuating nodal and nodal-dependent transcription. Reciprocally, impairing hbox12 function disrupts DV polarity by allowing ectopic expression of nodal. Clonal loss-of-function, inflicted by blastomere transplantation or gene-transfer assays, highlights that DV polarization requires Hbox12 action in dorsal cells. Remarkably, the localized knock-down of nodal restores DV polarity of embryos lacking hbox12 function. Finally, we show that hbox12 is a dorsal-specific negative modulator of the p38-MAPK activity, which is required for nodal expression. Altogether, our results suggest that Hbox12 function is essential for proper positioning of the DV organizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cavalieri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Spinelli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
House SH. Epigenetics in adaptive evolution and development: the interplay between evolving species and epigenetic mechanisms: extract from Trygve Tollefsbol (ed.) (2011) Handbook of epigenetics--the new molecular and medical genetics. Chapter 26. Amsterdam, USA: Elsevier, pp. 423-446. Nutr Health 2014; 22:105-31. [PMID: 25178658 DOI: 10.1177/0260106014537160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
By comparing epigenetics of current species with fossil records across evolutionary transitions, we can gauge the moment of emergence of some novel mechanisms in evolution, and recognize that epigenetic mechanisms have a bearing on mutation. Understanding the complexity and changeability of these mechanisms, as well as the changes they can effect, is both fascinating and of vital practical benefit. Our most serious pandemics of so-called 'non-communicable' diseases - mental and cardiovascular disorders, obesity and diabetes, rooted in the 'metabolic syndrome' - are evidently related to effects on our evolutionary mechanisms of agricultural and food industrialization, modern lifestyle and diet. Pollution affects us directly as well as indirectly by its destruction of ecologically essential biosystems. Evidently such powerful conditions of existence have epigenetic effects on both our health and our continuing evolution. Such effects are most profound during reproductive and developmental processes, when levels of hormones, as affected by stress particularly, may be due to modern cultures in childbearing such as excessive intervention, separation, maternal distress and disruption of bonding. Mechanisms of genomic imprinting seem likely to throw light on problems in assisted reproductive technology, among other transgenerational effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon H House
- MA Natural Sciences and Theology, Peterhouse, Cambridge UK; Chair, McCarrison Society of Nutrition & Health Natural Sciences and Theology, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Paula WBM, Agip ANA, Missirlis F, Ashworth R, Vizcay-Barrena G, Lucas CH, Allen JF. Female and male gamete mitochondria are distinct and complementary in transcription, structure, and genome function. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 5:1969-77. [PMID: 24068653 PMCID: PMC3814205 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evt147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory electron transport in mitochondria is coupled to ATP synthesis while generating mutagenic oxygen free radicals. Mitochondrial DNA mutation then accumulates with age, and may set a limit to the lifespan of individual, multicellular organisms. Why is this mutation not inherited? Here we demonstrate that female gametes—oocytes—have unusually small and simple mitochondria that are suppressed for DNA transcription, electron transport, and free radical production. By contrast, male gametes—sperm—and somatic cells of both sexes transcribe mitochondrial genes for respiratory electron carriers and produce oxygen free radicals. This germ-line division between mitochondria of sperm and egg is observed in both the vinegar fruitfly and the zebrafish—species spanning a major evolutionary divide within the animal kingdom. We interpret these findings as an evidence that oocyte mitochondria serve primarily as genetic templates, giving rise, irreversibly and in each new generation, to the familiar energy-transducing mitochondria of somatic cells and male gametes. Suppressed mitochondrial metabolism in the female germ line may therefore constitute a mechanism for increasing the fidelity of mitochondrial DNA inheritance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson B M de Paula
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fetterman JL, Pompilius M, Westbrook DG, Uyeminami D, Brown J, Pinkerton KE, Ballinger SW. Developmental exposure to second-hand smoke increases adult atherogenesis and alters mitochondrial DNA copy number and deletions in apoE(-/-) mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66835. [PMID: 23825571 PMCID: PMC3692512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. While many studies have focused upon the effects of adult second-hand smoke exposure on cardiovascular disease development, disease development occurs over decades and is likely influenced by childhood exposure. The impacts of in utero versus neonatal second-hand smoke exposure on adult atherosclerotic disease development are not known. The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of in utero versus neonatal exposure to a low dose (1 mg/m(3) total suspended particulate) of second-hand smoke on adult atherosclerotic lesion development using the apolipoprotein E null mouse model. Consequently, apolipoprotein E null mice were exposed to either filtered air or second-hand smoke: (i) in utero from gestation days 1-19, or (ii) from birth until 3 weeks of age (neonatal). Subsequently, all animals were exposed to filtered air and sacrificed at 12-14 weeks of age. Oil red-O staining of whole aortas, measures of mitochondrial damage, and oxidative stress were performed. Results show that both in utero and neonatal second-hand smoke exposure significantly increased adult atherogenesis in mice compared to filtered air controls. These changes were associated with changes in aconitase and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activities consistent with increased oxidative stress in the aorta, changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number and deletion levels. These studies show that in utero or neonatal exposure to second-hand smoke significantly influences adult atherosclerotic lesion development and results in significant alterations to the mitochondrion and its genome that may contribute to atherogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Fetterman
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Melissa Pompilius
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - David G. Westbrook
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Dale Uyeminami
- University of California at Davis, Center for Health and Environment, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jamelle Brown
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kent E. Pinkerton
- University of California at Davis, Center for Health and Environment, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Scott W. Ballinger
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, 535 BMR2, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adult body weight is programmed by a redox-regulated and energy-dependent process during the pronuclear stage in mouse. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29388. [PMID: 22216268 PMCID: PMC3247262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals fertilization triggers a series of Ca(2+) oscillations that not only are essential for events of egg activation but also stimulate oxidative phosphorylation. Little is known, however, about the relationship between quantitative changes in egg metabolism and specific long-term effects in offspring. This study assessed whether post-natal growth is modulated by early transient changes in NAD(P)H and FAD(2+) in zygotes. We report that experimentally manipulating the redox potential of fertilized eggs during the pronuclear (PN) stage affects post-natal body weight. Exogenous pyruvate induces NAD(P)H oxidation and stimulates mitochondrial activity with resulting offspring that are persistently and significantly smaller than controls. Exogenous lactate stimulates NAD(+) reduction and impairs mitochondrial activity, and produces offspring that are smaller than controls at weaning but catch up after weaning. Cytosolic alkalization increases NAD(P)(+) reduction and offspring of normal birth-weight become significantly and persistently larger than controls. These results constitute the first report that post-natal growth rate is ultimately linked to modulation of NAD(P)H and FAD(2+) concentration as early as the PN stage.
Collapse
|
7
|
Holland LZ, Onai T. Early development of cephalochordates (amphioxus). WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2011; 1:167-83. [PMID: 23801434 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Phylum Chordata includes three groups--Vertebrata, Tunicata, and Cephalochordata. In cephalochordates, commonly called amphioxus or lancelets, which are basal in the Chordata, the eggs are small and relatively non-yolky. As in vertebrates, cleavage is indeterminate with cell fates determined gradually as development proceeds. The oocytes are attached to the ovarian follicle at the animal pole, where the oocyte nucleus is located. The cytoplasm at the opposite side of the egg, the vegetal pole, contains the future germ plasm or pole plasm, which includes determinants of the germline. After fertilization, additional asymmetries are established by movements of the egg and sperm nuclei, resulting in a concentration of mitochondria at one side of the animal hemisphere. This may be related to establishment of the dorsal/ventral axis. Patterning along the embryonic axes is mediated by secreted signaling proteins. Dorsal identity is specified by Nodal/Vg1 signaling, while during the gastrula stage, opposition between Nodal/Vg1 and BMP signaling establishes dorsal/anterior (i.e., head) and ventral/posterior (i.e., trunk/tail) identities, respectively. Wnt/β-catenin signaling specifies posterior identity while retinoic acid signaling specifies positions along the anterior/posterior axis. These signals are further modulated by a number of secreted antagonists. This fundamental patterning mechanism is conserved, with some modifications, in vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Z Holland
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Klymkowsky M. Mitochondrial activity, embryogenesis, and the dialogue between the big and little brains of the cell. Mitochondrion 2011; 11:814-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
9
|
|
10
|
Schiffmann Y. Turing-Child field underlies spatial periodicity in Drosophila and planarians. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 105:258-69. [PMID: 21187110 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The regular spatial periodicity manifested in Drosophila gene expression has been considered as a test case for the involvement of a Turing system in biology. It was expected--if such involvement exists--to find a spatially periodic protein distribution where the proteins are Turing morphogens. The failure to find such a periodic distribution of Turing proteins, and the experimental findings of the involvement of different combinations of regulatory proteins and different binding sites for the different stripes of a periodic gene expression, has resulted in the dismissal of the involvement of a Turing system in Drosophila periodicity and segmentation. But if one is willing to allow a Turing system in the level of post-translational modification of proteins instead of in the protein level, one can explain the regular spatial periodicity of gene expression. The source of the spatial periodicity of gene expression does not lie in the regulatory proteins, but in the spatially periodic post-translational modification of these broadly distributed upstream regulatory proteins. The post-translational modification provides the missing spatial information for the regular pattern of 14 stripes. We report that such a field with segmental spatial periodicity that can affect downstream proteins and modify them post-translationally and periodically has been observed. This is the Turing-Child (TC) field. We explain the recent observation in Drosophila of phosphorylated transcription factor distributed with segmental periodicity, the disappearance of the spatially periodic gene expression when the regulatory protein loses its normal ability to be phosphorylated, and the spatially periodic segmental groove formation. Just as the reduction of Turing wavelength causes the appearance of 14 stripes in Drosophila so it causes the appearance of bipolar 2-headed Planaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Schiffmann
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematica Sciences, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Van Blerkom J. Mitochondrial function in the human oocyte and embryo and their role in developmental competence. Mitochondrion 2010; 11:797-813. [PMID: 20933103 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria as a nexus of developmental regulation in mammalian oogenesis and early embryogenesis is emerging from basic research in model species and from clinical studies in infertility treatments that require in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. Here, mitochondrial bioenergetic activities and roles in calcium homeostasis, regulation of cytoplasmic redox state, and signal transduction are discussed with respect to outcome in general, and as possible etiologies of chromosomal defects, maturation and fertilization failure in human oocytes, and as causative factors in early human embryo demise. At present, the ability of mitochondria to balance ATP supply and demand is considered the most critical factor with respect to fertilization competence for the oocyte and developmental competence for the embryo. mtDNA copy number, the timing of mtDNA replication during oocyte maturation, and the numerical size of the mitochondrial complement in the oocyte are evaluated with respect to their relative contribution to the establishment of developmental competence. Rather than net cytoplasmic bioenergetic capacity, the notion of functional compartmentalization of mitochondria is presented as a means by which ATP may be differentially supplied and localized within the cytoplasm by virtue of stage-specific changes in mitochondrial density and potential (ΔΨm). Abnormal patterns of calcium release and sequestration detected at fertilization in the human appear to have coincident effects on levels of mitochondrial ATP generation. These aberrations are not uncommon in oocytes obtained after ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization. The possibility that defects in mitochondrial calcium regulation or bioenergetic homeostasis could have negative downstream development consequences, including imprinting disorders, is discussed in the context of signaling pathways and cytoplasmic redox state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Van Blerkom
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Opposing Nodal/Vg1 and BMP signals mediate axial patterning in embryos of the basal chordate amphioxus. Dev Biol 2010; 344:377-89. [PMID: 20488174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The basal chordate amphioxus resembles vertebrates in having a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, a notochord and somites. However, it lacks extensive gene duplications, and its embryos are small and gastrulate by simple invagination. Here we demonstrate that Nodal/Vg1 signaling acts from early cleavage through the gastrula stage to specify and maintain dorsal/anterior development while, starting at the early gastrula stage, BMP signaling promotes ventral/posterior identity. Knockdown and gain-of-function experiments show that these pathways act in opposition to one another. Signaling by these pathways is modulated by dorsally and/or anteriorly expressed genes including Chordin, Cerberus, and Blimp1. Overexpression and/or reporter assays in Xenopus demonstrate that the functions of these proteins are conserved between amphioxus and vertebrates. Thus, a fundamental genetic mechanism for axial patterning involving opposing Nodal and BMP signaling is present in amphioxus and probably also in the common ancestor of amphioxus and vertebrates or even earlier in deuterostome evolution.
Collapse
|