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Cocoa Extract Provides Protection against 6-OHDA Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Dopaminergic Neurons by Targeting PERK. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082009. [PMID: 36009556 PMCID: PMC9405838 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) represents one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by a dopamine (DA) deficiency in striatal synapses and misfolded toxic α-synuclein aggregates with concomitant cytotoxicity. In this regard, the misfolded proteins accumulation in neurodegenerative disorders induces a remarkable perturbations of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis leading to persistent ER stress, which in turn, effects protein synthesis, modification, and folding quality control. A large body of evidence suggests that natural products target the ER stress signaling pathway, exerting a potential action in cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to assess the neuroprotective effect of cocoa extract and its purified fractions against a cellular model of Parkinson’s disease represented by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, the ability of cocoa to specifically targets PERK sensor, with significant antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities as both crude and fractioning extracts. In addition, cocoa also showed antiapoptotic properties in 3D cell model and a notable ability to inhibit the accumulation of α-synuclein in 6-OHDA-induced cells. Overall, these results indicate that cocoa exerts neuroprotective effects suggesting a novel possible strategy to prevent or, at least, mitigate neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD.
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2
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SNX-2112, an Hsp90 inhibitor, suppresses cervical cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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3
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TUDCA attenuates intestinal injury and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated intestinal cell apoptosis in necrotizing enterocolitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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4
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Vitale M, Bakunts A, Orsi A, Lari F, Tadè L, Danieli A, Rato C, Valetti C, Sitia R, Raimondi A, Christianson JC, van Anken E. Inadequate BiP availability defines endoplasmic reticulum stress. eLife 2019; 8:41168. [PMID: 30869076 PMCID: PMC6417858 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
How endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress leads to cytotoxicity is ill-defined. Previously we showed that HeLa cells readjust homeostasis upon proteostatically driven ER stress, triggered by inducible bulk expression of secretory immunoglobulin M heavy chain (μs) thanks to the unfolded protein response (UPR; Bakunts et al., 2017). Here we show that conditions that prevent that an excess of the ER resident chaperone (and UPR target gene) BiP over µs is restored lead to µs-driven proteotoxicity, i.e. abrogation of HRD1-mediated ER-associated degradation (ERAD), or of the UPR, in particular the ATF6α branch. Such conditions are tolerated instead upon removal of the BiP-sequestering first constant domain (CH1) from µs. Thus, our data define proteostatic ER stress to be a specific consequence of inadequate BiP availability, which both the UPR and ERAD redeem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Vitale
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anush Bakunts
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Orsi
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Lari
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Tadè
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Danieli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Rato
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Valetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - John C Christianson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eelco van Anken
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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5
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De Marchis F, Colanero S, Klein EM, Mainieri D, Prota VM, Bellucci M, Pagliuca G, Zironi E, Gazzotti T, Vitale A, Pompa A. Expression of CLAVATA3 fusions indicates rapid intracellular processing and a role of ERAD. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 271:67-80. [PMID: 29650159 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The 12 amino acid peptide derived from the Arabidopsis soluble secretory protein CLAVATA3 (CLV3) acts at the cell surface in a signalling system that regulates the size of apical meristems. The subcellular pathway involved in releasing the peptide from its precursor is unknown. We show that a CLV3-GFP fusion expressed in transfected tobacco protoplasts or transgenic tobacco plants has very short intracellular half-life that cannot be extended by the secretory traffic inhibitors brefeldin A and wortmannin. The fusion is biologically active, since the incubation medium of protoplasts from CLV3-GFP-expressing tobacco contains the CLV3 peptide and inhibits root growth. The rapid disappearance of intact CLV3-GFP requires the signal peptide and is inhibited by the proteasome inhibitor MG132 or coexpression with a mutated CDC48 that inhibits endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD). The synthesis of CLV3-GFP is specifically supported by the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone endoplasmin in an in vivo assay. Our results indicate that processing of CLV3 starts intracellularly in an early compartment of the secretory pathway and that ERAD could play a regulatory or direct role in the active peptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Marchis
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Colanero
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eva M Klein
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Mainieri
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Viviana M Prota
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Bellucci
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pagliuca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Elisa Zironi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Teresa Gazzotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy.
| | - Andrea Pompa
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Perugia, Italy.
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6
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Alasiri G, Fan LYN, Zona S, Goldsbrough IG, Ke HL, Auner HW, Lam EWF. ER stress and cancer: The FOXO forkhead transcription factor link. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 462:67-81. [PMID: 28572047 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle with central roles in maintaining proteostasis due to its involvement in protein synthesis, folding, quality control, distribution and degradation. The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER lumen causes 'ER stress' and threatens overall cellular proteostasis. To restore ER homeostasis, cells evoke an evolutionarily conserved adaptive signalling and gene expression network collectively called the 'unfolded protein response (UPR)', a complex biological process which aims to restore proteostasis. When ER stress is overwhelming and beyond rectification, the normally pro-survival UPR can shift to induce cell termination. Emerging evidence from mammalian, fly and nematode worm systems reveals that the FOXO Forkhead proteins integrate upstream ER stress and UPR signals with the transcriptional machinery to decrease translation, promote cell survival/termination and increase the levels of ER-resident chaperones and of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) components to restore ER homeostasis. The high rates of protein synthesis/translation associated with cancer cell proliferation and metabolism, as well as mutations resulting in aberrant proteins, also induce ER stress and the UPR. While the pro-survival side of the UPR underlies its ability to sustain and promote cancers, its apoptotic functions can be exploited for cancer therapies by offering the chance to 'flick the proteostatic switch'. To this end, further studies are required to fully reevaluate the roles and regulation of these UPR signalling molecules, including FOXO proteins and their targets, in cancer initiation and progression as well as the effects on inhibiting their functions in cancer cells. This information will help to establish these UPR signalling molecules as possible therapeutic targets and putative biomarkers in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glowi Alasiri
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lavender Yuen-Nam Fan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stefania Zona
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Hui-Ling Ke
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Holger Werner Auner
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Eric Wing-Fai Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK.
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7
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Bakunts A, Orsi A, Vitale M, Cattaneo A, Lari F, Tadè L, Sitia R, Raimondi A, Bachi A, van Anken E. Ratiometric sensing of BiP-client versus BiP levels by the unfolded protein response determines its signaling amplitude. eLife 2017; 6:27518. [PMID: 29251598 PMCID: PMC5792092 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore homeostasis. Yet, how the UPR achieves ER homeostatic readjustment is poorly investigated, as in most studies the ER stress that is elicited cannot be overcome. Here we show that a proteostatic insult, provoked by persistent expression of the secretory heavy chain of immunoglobulin M (µs), is well-tolerated in HeLa cells. Upon µs expression, its levels temporarily eclipse those of the ER chaperone BiP, leading to acute, full-geared UPR activation. Once BiP is in excess again, the UPR transitions to chronic, submaximal activation, indicating that the UPR senses ER stress in a ratiometric fashion. In this process, the ER expands about three-fold and becomes dominated by BiP. As the UPR is essential for successful ER homeostatic readjustment in the HeLa-µs model, it provides an ideal system for dissecting the intricacies of how the UPR evaluates and alleviates ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anush Bakunts
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Orsi
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Vitale
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federica Lari
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Tadè
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Eelco van Anken
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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8
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Roles of N-glycans in the polymerization-dependent aggregation of mutant Ig-μ chains in the early secretory pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41815. [PMID: 28157181 PMCID: PMC5291101 DOI: 10.1038/srep41815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymeric structure of secretory IgM allows efficient antigen binding and complement fixation. The available structural models place the N-glycans bound to asparagines 402 and 563 of Ig-μ chains within a densely packed core of native IgM. These glycans are found in the high mannose state also in secreted IgM, suggesting that polymerization hinders them to Golgi processing enzymes. Their absence alters polymerization. Here we investigate their role following the fate of aggregation-prone mutant μ chains lacking the Cμ1 domain (μ∆). Our data reveal that μ∆ lacking 563 glycans (μ∆5) form larger intracellular aggregates than μ∆ and are not secreted. Like μ∆, they sequester ERGIC-53, a lectin previously shown to promote polymerization. In contrast, μ∆ lacking 402 glycans (μ∆4) remain detergent soluble and accumulate in the ER, as does a double mutant devoid of both (μ∆4–5). These results suggest that the two C-terminal Ig-μ glycans shape the polymerization-dependent aggregation by engaging lectins and acting as spacers in the alignment of individual IgM subunits in native polymers.
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9
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Abstract
Professional secretory cells produce and release abundant proteins. Particularly in case of mutations and/or insufficient chaperoning, these can aggregate and become toxic within or amongst cells. Immunoglobulins (Ig) are no exception. In the extracellular space, certain Ig-L chains form fibrils causing systemic amyloidosis. On the other hand, Ig variants lacking the first constant domain condense in dilated cisternae of the early secretory compartment, called Russell Bodies (RB), frequently observed in plasma cell dyscrasias, autoimmune diseases and chronic infections. RB biogenesis can be recapitulated in lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells by expressing mutant Ig-μ, providing powerful models to investigate the pathophysiology of endoplasmic reticulum storage disorders. Here we analyze the aggregation propensity and the biochemical features of the intra- and extra-cellular Ig deposits in human cells, revealing β-aggregated features for RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Mossuto
- Unit of Protein Transport and Secretion, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Diletta Ami
- 1] Department of Physics, University of Milano-Bicocca [2] Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Tiziana Anelli
- 1] Unit of Protein Transport and Secretion, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy [2] Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Fagioli
- Unit of Protein Transport and Secretion, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Maria Doglia
- 1] Department of Physics, University of Milano-Bicocca [2] Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Roberto Sitia
- 1] Unit of Protein Transport and Secretion, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy [2] Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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10
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Mossuto MF, Sannino S, Mazza D, Fagioli C, Vitale M, Yoboue ED, Sitia R, Anelli T. A dynamic study of protein secretion and aggregation in the secretory pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108496. [PMID: 25279560 PMCID: PMC4184786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise coordination of protein biogenesis, traffic and homeostasis within the early secretory compartment (ESC) is key for cell physiology. As a consequence, disturbances in these processes underlie many genetic and chronic diseases. Dynamic imaging methods are needed to follow the fate of cargo proteins and their interactions with resident enzymes and folding assistants. Here we applied the Halotag labelling system to study the behavior of proteins with different fates and roles in ESC: a chaperone, an ERAD substrate and an aggregation-prone molecule. Exploiting the Halo property of binding covalently ligands labelled with different fluorochromes, we developed and performed non-radioactive pulse and chase assays to follow sequential waves of proteins in ESC, discriminating between young and old molecules at the single cell level. In this way, we could monitor secretion and degradation of ER proteins in living cells. We can also follow the biogenesis, growth, accumulation and movements of protein aggregates in the ESC. Our data show that protein deposits within ESC grow by sequential apposition of molecules up to a given size, after which novel seeds are detected. The possibility of using ligands with distinct optical and physical properties offers a novel possibility to dynamically follow the fate of proteins in the ESC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Sannino
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, IT
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, IT
| | - Davide Mazza
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, IT
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, IT
| | - Claudio Fagioli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, IT
| | - Milena Vitale
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, IT
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, IT
| | - Edgar Djaha Yoboue
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, IT
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, IT
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, IT
| | - Tiziana Anelli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, IT
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, IT
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11
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Iannotti MJ, Figard L, Sokac AM, Sifers RN. A Golgi-localized mannosidase (MAN1B1) plays a non-enzymatic gatekeeper role in protein biosynthetic quality control. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11844-11858. [PMID: 24627495 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.552091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformation-based disorders are manifested at the level of protein structure, necessitating an accurate understanding of how misfolded proteins are processed by the cellular proteostasis network. Asparagine-linked glycosylation plays important roles for protein quality control within the secretory pathway. The suspected role for the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1, also known as ER mannosidase I, is to function within the ER similar to the yeast ortholog Mns1p, which removes a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal. However, we recently discovered that MAN1B1 localizes to the Golgi complex in human cells and uncovered its participation in ERAD substrate retention, retrieval to the ER, and subsequent degradation from this organelle. The objective of the current study was to further characterize the contribution of MAN1B1 as part of a Golgi-based quality control network. Multiple lines of experimental evidence support a model in which neither the mannosidase activity nor catalytic domain is essential for the retention or degradation of the misfolded ERAD substrate Null Hong Kong. Instead, a highly conserved, vertebrate-specific non-enzymatic decapeptide sequence in the luminal stem domain plays a significant role in controlling the fate of overexpressed Null Hong Kong. Together, these findings define a new functional paradigm in which Golgi-localized MAN1B1 can play a mannosidase-independent gatekeeper role in the proteostasis network of higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Iannotti
- Interdepartmental Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Lauren Figard
- Interdepartmental Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Anna M Sokac
- Interdepartmental Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Richard N Sifers
- Interdepartmental Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.
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12
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Mainieri D, Morandini F, Maîtrejean M, Saccani A, Pedrazzini E, Alessandro V. Protein body formation in the endoplasmic reticulum as an evolution of storage protein sorting to vacuoles: insights from maize γ-zein. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:331. [PMID: 25076952 PMCID: PMC4097401 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The albumin and globulin seed storage proteins present in all plants accumulate in storage vacuoles. Prolamins, which are the major proteins in cereal seeds and are present only there, instead accumulate within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen as very large insoluble polymers termed protein bodies. Inter-chain disulfide bonds play a major role in polymerization and insolubility of many prolamins. The N-terminal domain of the maize prolamin 27 kD γ-zein is able to promote protein body formation when fused to other proteins and contains seven cysteine residues involved in inter-chain bonds. We show that progressive substitution of these amino acids with serine residues in full length γ-zein leads to similarly progressive increase in solubility and availability to traffic from the ER along the secretory pathway. Total substitution results in very efficient secretion, whereas the presence of a single cysteine is sufficient to promote partial sorting to the vacuole via a wortmannin-sensitive pathway, similar to the traffic pathway of vacuolar storage proteins. We propose that the mechanism leading to accumulation of prolamins in the ER is a further evolutionary step of the one responsible for accumulation in storage vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vitale Alessandro
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Vitale, Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy e-mail:
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13
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Stoops J, Byrd S, Hasegawa H. Russell body inducing threshold depends on the variable domain sequences of individual human IgG clones and the cellular protein homeostasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:1643-57. [PMID: 22728328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Russell bodies are intracellular aggregates of immunoglobulins. Although the mechanism of Russell body biogenesis has been extensively studied by using truncated mutant heavy chains, the importance of the variable domain sequences in this process and in immunoglobulin biosynthesis remains largely unknown. Using a panel of structurally and functionally normal human immunoglobulin Gs, we show that individual immunoglobulin G clones possess distinctive Russell body inducing propensities that can surface differently under normal and abnormal cellular conditions. Russell body inducing predisposition unique to each immunoglobulin G clone was corroborated by the intrinsic physicochemical properties encoded in the heavy chain variable domain/light chain variable domain sequence combinations that define each immunoglobulin G clone. While the sequence based intrinsic factors predispose certain immunoglobulin G clones to be more prone to induce Russell bodies, extrinsic factors such as stressful cell culture conditions also play roles in unmasking Russell body propensity from immunoglobulin G clones that are normally refractory to developing Russell bodies. By taking advantage of heterologous expression systems, we dissected the roles of individual subunit chains in Russell body formation and examined the effect of non-cognate subunit chain pair co-expression on Russell body forming propensity. The results suggest that the properties embedded in the variable domain of individual light chain clones and their compatibility with the partnering heavy chain variable domain sequences underscore the efficiency of immunoglobulin G biosynthesis, the threshold for Russell body induction, and the level of immunoglobulin G secretion. We propose that an interplay between the unique properties encoded in variable domain sequences and the state of protein homeostasis determines whether an immunoglobulin G expressing cell will develop the Russell body phenotype in a dynamic cellular setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Stoops
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA 98119, USA
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14
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Amodio G, Moltedo O, Monteleone F, D’Ambrosio C, Scaloni A, Remondelli P, Zambrano N. Proteomic Signatures in Thapsigargin-Treated Hepatoma Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1215-22. [DOI: 10.1021/tx200109y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Amodio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84034 Fisciano-Salerno, Italy
| | - Ornella Moltedo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84034 Fisciano-Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Chiara D’Ambrosio
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Remondelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84034 Fisciano-Salerno, Italy
| | - Nicola Zambrano
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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McLaughlin M, Vandenbroeck K. The endoplasmic reticulum protein folding factory and its chaperones: new targets for drug discovery? Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:328-45. [PMID: 20942857 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic heat shock proteins have received significant attention as emerging therapeutic targets. Much of this excitement has been triggered by the discovery that HSP90 plays a central role in the maintenance and stability of multifarious oncogenic membrane receptors and their resultant tyrosine kinase activity. Numerous studies have dealt with the effects of small molecules on chaperone- and stress-related pathways of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, unlike cytosolic chaperones, relatively little emphasis has been placed upon translational avenues towards targeting of the ER for inhibition of folding/secretion of disease-promoting proteins. Here, we summarise existing small molecule inhibitors and potential future targets of ER chaperone-mediated inhibition. Client proteins of translational relevance in disease treatment are outlined, alongside putative future disease treatment modalities based on ER-centric targeted therapies. Particular attention is paid to cancer and autoimmune disorders via the effects of the GRP94 inhibitor geldanamycin and its population of client proteins, overloading of the unfolded protein response, and inhibition of members of the IL-12 family of cytokines by celecoxib and non-coxib analogues.
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Bouchecareilh M, Balch WE. Proteostasis: a new therapeutic paradigm for pulmonary disease. PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY 2011; 8:189-95. [PMID: 21543800 PMCID: PMC3131838 DOI: 10.1513/pats.201008-055ms] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Among lung pathologies, α1AT, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and asthma are diseases triggered by local environmental stress in the airway that we refer to herein collectively as airway stress diseases (ASDs). A deficiency of α-1-antitrypsin (α1AT) is an inherited genetic disorder that is a consequence of the misfolding of α1AT during protein synthesis in liver hepatocytes, reducing secretion to the plasma and delivery to the lung. Deficiency of α1AT in the lung triggers a similar pathological phenotype to other ASDs. Moreover, the loss of α1AT in the lung is a well-known environmental risk factor for COPD/emphysema. To date there are no effective therapeutic approaches to address ASDs, which reflects a general lack of understanding of their cellular basis. Herein, we propose that ASDs are disorders of proteostasis. That is, they are initiated and propagated by a common theme-a challenge to protein folding capacity maintained by the proteostasis network (PN) (see Balch et al., Science 2008;319:916-919). The PN is a network of chaperones and degradative components that generates and manages protein folding pathways responsible for normal human physiology. In ASD, we suggest that the PN system fails to respond to the increased burden of unfolded proteins due to genetic and environmental stresses, thus triggering pulmonary pathophysiology. We introduce the enabling concept of proteostasis regulators (PRs), small molecules that regulate signaling pathways that control the composition and activity of PN components, as a new and general approach for therapeutic management of ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Bouchecareilh
- Department of Cell Biology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical Physiology and the Institute for Childhood and Neglected Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - William E. Balch
- Department of Cell Biology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical Physiology and the Institute for Childhood and Neglected Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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Cenci S, van Anken E, Sitia R. Proteostenosis and plasma cell pathophysiology. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2010; 23:216-22. [PMID: 21169004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasma cells differentiate from B lymphocytes to sustain antibody production. As professional secretors, they allow dissecting proteostasis in the exocytic compartment, the stresses that protein production entails and their possible roles in signaling. Most plasma cells are short-lived to limit antibody responses. After a few days of intense immunoglobulin production, they undergo apoptosis, offering a unique model of cellular senescence. Recent observations reveal that proteotoxic stresses physiologically contribute to regulate their biogenesis, function and lifespan, explaining partly the sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells to proteasome inhibitors. This essay summarizes these plasma cell lessons, and their general implications for the regulation of proteostasis, cell senescence and cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cenci
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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