1
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Driscoll CS, Kim J, Knott JG. The explosive discovery of TNT in early mouse embryos. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:852-855. [PMID: 38789683 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Chad S Driscoll
- Developmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- Developmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jason G Knott
- Developmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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2
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Zhu M, Meglicki M, Lamba A, Wang P, Royer C, Turner K, Jauhar MA, Jones C, Child T, Coward K, Na J, Zernicka-Goetz M. Tead4 and Tfap2c generate bipotency and a bistable switch in totipotent embryos to promote robust lineage diversification. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:964-976. [PMID: 38789684 PMCID: PMC11189297 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The mouse and human embryo gradually loses totipotency before diversifying into the inner cell mass (ICM, future organism) and trophectoderm (TE, future placenta). The transcription factors TFAP2C and TEAD4 with activated RHOA accelerate embryo polarization. Here we show that these factors also accelerate the loss of totipotency. TFAP2C and TEAD4 paradoxically promote and inhibit Hippo signaling before lineage diversification: they drive expression of multiple Hippo regulators while also promoting apical domain formation, which inactivates Hippo. Each factor activates TE specifiers in bipotent cells, while TFAP2C also activates specifiers of the ICM fate. Asymmetric segregation of the apical domain reconciles the opposing regulation of Hippo signaling into Hippo OFF and the TE fate, or Hippo ON and the ICM fate. We propose that the bistable switch established by TFAP2C and TEAD4 is exploited to trigger robust lineage diversification in the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhu
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maciej Meglicki
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adiyant Lamba
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peizhe Wang
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Christophe Royer
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karen Turner
- Oxford Fertility, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Oxford, UK
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Jauhar
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Celine Jones
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Level 3, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim Child
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Level 3, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Coward
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Level 3, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jie Na
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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3
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Ko CI, Biesiada J, Zablon HA, Zhang X, Medvedovic M, Puga A. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor directs the differentiation of murine progenitor blastomeres. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1657-1676. [PMID: 36029422 PMCID: PMC10425484 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Key regulatory decisions during cleavage divisions in mammalian embryogenesis determine the fate of preimplantation embryonic cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing of early-stage-2-cell, 4-cell, and 8-cell-blastomeres show that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), traditionally considered as an environmental sensor, directs blastomere differentiation. Disruption of AHR functions in Ahr knockout embryos or in embryos from dams exposed to dioxin, the prototypic xenobiotic AHR agonist, significantly impairs blastocyst formation, causing repression and loss of transcriptional heterogeneity of OCT4 and CDX2 and incidence of nonspecific downregulation of pluripotency. Trajectory-the path of differentiation-and gene variability analyses further confirm that deregulation of OCT4 functions and changes of transcriptional heterogeneity resulting from disruption of AHR functions restrict the emergence of differentiating blastomeres in 4-cell embryos. It appears that AHR directs the differentiation of progenitor blastomeres and that disruption of preimplantation AHR functions may significantly perturb embryogenesis leading to long-lasting conditions at the heart of disease in offspring's adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-I Ko
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Jacek Biesiada
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Center for Biostatistics, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Hesbon A Zablon
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Genomics, Epigenomics, and Sequencing Core, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Center for Biostatistics, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Alvaro Puga
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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4
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Lamba A, Zernicka-Goetz M. The role of polarization and early heterogeneities in the mammalian first cell fate decision. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 154:169-196. [PMID: 37100517 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The first cell fate decision is the process by which cells of an embryo take on distinct lineage identities for the first time, representing the beginning of patterning during development. In mammals, this process separates an embryonic inner cell mass lineage (future new organism) from an extra-embryonic trophectoderm lineage (future placenta), and in the mouse, this is classically attributed to the consequences of apical-basal polarity. The mouse embryo acquires this polarity at the 8-cell stage, indicated by cap-like protein domains on the apical surface of each cell; those cells which retain polarity over subsequent divisions are specified as trophectoderm, and the rest as inner cell mass. Recent research has advanced our knowledge of this process - this review will discuss mechanisms behind the establishment of polarity and distribution of the apical domain, different factors affecting the first cell fate decision including heterogeneities between cells of the very early embryo, and the conservation of developmental mechanisms across species, including human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiyant Lamba
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States.
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5
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She J, Tan K, Liu J, Cao S, Li Z, Peng Y, Xiao Z, Diao R, Wang L. The Alteration of m 6A Modification at the Transcriptome-Wide Level in Human Villi During Spontaneous Abortion in the First Trimester. Front Genet 2022; 13:861853. [PMID: 35754822 PMCID: PMC9215105 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.861853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have demonstrated that N6 methyladenine (m6A) acts as an important role in the pathogenesis of reproductive diseases. Therefore, it is essential to profile the genome-wide m6A modifications such as in spontaneous abortion. In this study, due to the trace of human villi during early pregnancy, we performed high-throughput sequencing in villous tissues from spontaneous abortion (SA group) and controls with induced abortion (normal group) in the first trimester. Based on meRIP-seq data, 18,568 m6A peaks were identified. These m6A peaks were mainly located in the coding region near the stop codon and were mainly characterized by AUGGAC and UGGACG motif. Compared with normal group, the SA group had 2,159 significantly upregulated m6A peaks and 281 downregulated m6A peaks. Biological function analyses revealed that differential m6A-modified genes were mainly involved in the Hippo and Wnt signaling pathways. Based on the conjoint analysis of meRIP-seq and RNA-seq data, we identified thirty-five genes with differentially methylated m6A peaks and synchronously differential expression. And these genes were mainly involved in the Wnt signaling pathway, phosphatase activity regulation, protein phosphatase inhibitor activity, and transcription inhibitor activity. This study is the first to profile the transcriptome-wide m6A methylome in spontaneous abortion during early pregnancy, which provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of spontaneous abortion in the first trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie She
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Reproductive Medicine Centre, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaifen Tan
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Cao
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengguang Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - You Peng
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoyu Xiao
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiying Diao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Reproductive Medicine Centre, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Reproductive Medicine Centre, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Ding B, Gao D, Wang X, Liu L, Sun J, Liang M, Wu F, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Li W. Maternal DDB1 regulates apoptosis and lineage differentiation in porcine preimplantation embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 34:844-854. [PMID: 35724990 DOI: 10.1071/rd22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Maternal-effect genes (MEGs) play a critical role in modulating both cellular and molecular biology events in preimplantation embryonic development. Damage-specific DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1) is a gene that participates in meiotic resumption, ovulation, and embryonic stem cell maintenance. Its function in preimplantation development is not well-studied. AIMS We aimed to explore the expression pattern, genomic heritage, and potential molecular mechanisms of DDB1 in preimplantation embryos in porcine. METHODS In this study, RNA interference, microinjection, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence staining and single-cell RNA sequencing were used to explore the molecular function of DDB1 in porcine preimplantation embryos. KEY RESULTS DDB1 was found to be expressed in germinal vesicle (GV) and Meiosis II (MII) oocytes and in preimplantation embryos. We confirmed it is a MEG. DDB1-deficient blastocysts had a significantly reduced number of trophectoderm cells, an increased apoptotic cell number and increased apoptosis index. According to a next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis, 236 genes (131 upregulated and 105 downregulated) significantly changed in the DDB1-deficient morula. The myeloid leukaemia factor 1 (MLF1) and yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) expressions were significantly upregulated and downregulated respectively, in the DDB1-deficient morula. In combination with the decreased expression of TEAD4, CDX2, GATA3, OCT4, and NANOG and the increased expression of SOX2 in the blastocyst, DDB1 may play a role in determining lineage differentiation and pluripotency maintenance. CONCLUSIONS DDB1 is a MEG and it plays a crucial role in porcine preimplantation embryonic development. IMPLICATIONS This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of preimplantation embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Ding
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Di Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xuegu Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Junpei Sun
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Meng Liang
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Fengrui Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Wenyong Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China
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7
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Tsume-Kajioka M, Kimura-Yoshida C, Mochida K, Ueda Y, Matsuo I. BET proteins are essential for the specification and maintenance of the epiblast lineage in mouse preimplantation embryos. BMC Biol 2022; 20:64. [PMID: 35264162 PMCID: PMC8905768 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During mammalian preimplantation development, as the fertilized egg develops and differentiates, three cell lineages become specified: trophectoderm (TE), epiblast, and primitive endoderm (PrE). Through two steps of cell fate decisions, 16-cell blastomeres develop into TE and an inner cell mass (ICM), and thereafter, the latter differentiates into pluripotent epiblast and PrE. Although bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins, such as BRD4, are necessary for the transcriptional activation of genes involved in the maintenance of mouse embryonic stem cells by occupying their enhancers, their roles in the development of mouse preimplantation are unknown. Results To evaluate the effect of BET protein deficiency on cell lineage formation, we cultured preimplantation embryos in the presence of JQ1, which blocks the binding of BET bromodomains to acetylated-histones. We found BET inhibition blocked the transcriptional activation of genes, such as Nanog, Otx2, and Sox2, important for the formation of the epiblast lineage in blastocysts. Expression studies with lineage-specific markers in morulae and blastocysts revealed BET proteins were essential for the specification and maintenance of the epiblast lineage but were dispensable for the formation of primarily extraembryonic TE and PrE lineages. Additional Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and expression studies with a transcriptionally active form of signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (STAT3) suggested BET-dependent activation was partly associated with the STAT3-dependent pathway to maintain the epiblast lineage. To identify BET proteins involved in the formation of the epiblast lineage, we analyzed mutant embryos deficient in Brd4, Brd2, and double mutants. Abolishment of NANOG-positive epiblast cells was only evident in Brd4/Brd2 double-deficient morulae. Thus, the phenotype of JQ1-treated embryos is reproduced not by a Brd4- or Brd2-single deficiency, but only Brd4/Brd2-double deficiency, demonstrating the redundant roles of BRD2 and BRD4 in the specification of the epiblast lineage. Conclusions BET proteins are essential to the specification and maintenance of the epiblast lineage by activating lineage-specific core transcription factors during mouse preimplantation development. Among BET proteins, BRD4 plays a central role and BRD2 a complementary role in the specification and maintenance of epiblast lineages. Additionally, BET-dependent maintenance of the epiblast lineage may be partly associated with the STAT3-dependent pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01251-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Tsume-Kajioka
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Chiharu Kimura-Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Kyoko Mochida
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Yoko Ueda
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Isao Matsuo
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan. .,Department of Pediatric and Neonatal-Perinatal Research, Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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8
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Cell fate determination and Hippo signaling pathway in preimplantation mouse embryo. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:423-444. [PMID: 34586506 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
First cell fate determination plays crucial roles in cell specification during early phases of embryonic development. Three classical concepts have been proposed to explain the lineage specification mechanism of the preimplantation embryo: inside-outside, pre-patterning, and polarity models. Transcriptional effectors of the Hippo signal pathway are YAP and TAZ activators that can create a shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Despite different localizations of YAP in the cell, it determines the fate of ICM and TE. How the decisive cue driving factors that determine YAP localization are coordinated remains a central unanswered question. How can an embryonic cell find its position? The objective of this review is to summarize the molecular and mechanical aspects in cell fate decision during mouse preimplantation embryonic development. The findings will reveal the relationship between cell-cell adhesion, cell polarity, and determination of cell fate during early embryonic development in mice and elucidate the inducing/inhibiting mechanisms that are involved in cell specification following zygotic genome activation and compaction processes. With future studies, new biophysical and chemical cues in the cell fate determination will impart significant spatiotemporal effects on early embryonic development. The achieved knowledge will provide important information to the development of new approaches to be used in infertility treatment and increase the success of pregnancy.
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9
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Zhu M, Shahbazi M, Martin A, Zhang C, Sozen B, Borsos M, Mandelbaum RS, Paulson RJ, Mole MA, Esbert M, Titus S, Scott RT, Campbell A, Fishel S, Gradinaru V, Zhao H, Wu K, Chen ZJ, Seli E, de Los Santos MJ, Zernicka Goetz M. Human embryo polarization requires PLC signaling to mediate trophectoderm specification. eLife 2021; 10:65068. [PMID: 34569938 PMCID: PMC8514238 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Apico-basal polarization of cells within the embryo is critical for the segregation of distinct lineages during mammalian development. Polarized cells become the trophectoderm (TE), which forms the placenta, and apolar cells become the inner cell mass (ICM), the founding population of the fetus. The cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to polarization of the human embryo and its timing during embryogenesis have remained unknown. Here, we show that human embryo polarization occurs in two steps: it begins with the apical enrichment of F-actin and is followed by the apical accumulation of the PAR complex. This two-step polarization process leads to the formation of an apical domain at the 8-16 cell stage. Using RNA interference, we show that apical domain formation requires Phospholipase C (PLC) signaling, specifically the enzymes PLCB1 and PLCE1, from the eight-cell stage onwards. Finally, we show that although expression of the critical TE differentiation marker GATA3 can be initiated independently of embryo polarization, downregulation of PLCB1 and PLCE1 decreases GATA3 expression through a reduction in the number of polarized cells. Therefore, apical domain formation reinforces a TE fate. The results we present here demonstrate how polarization is triggered to regulate the first lineage segregation in human embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhu
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, Boston, United States
| | - Marta Shahbazi
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Francis Crick Avenue, Biomedical Campus., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Angel Martin
- IVIRMA Valencia, IVI Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Chuanxin Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Berna Sozen
- Developmental Plasticity and Self-Organization Group, California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, United States.,Yale School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mate Borsos
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering,, Pasadena, United States
| | - Rachel S Mandelbaum
- USC Fertility, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Paulson
- USC Fertility, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo A Mole
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marga Esbert
- IVIRMA New Jersey, Basking Ridge, NJ, United States
| | - Shiny Titus
- IVIRMA New Jersey, Basking Ridge, NJ, United States
| | | | - Alison Campbell
- CARE Fertility Group, John Webster House, 6 Lawrence Drive, Nottingham Business Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Fishel
- CARE Fertility Group, John Webster House, 6 Lawrence Drive, Nottingham Business Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Francis Crick Avenue, Biomedical Campus., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Han Zhao
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Keliang Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Emre Seli
- IVIRMA New Jersey, Basking Ridge, NJ, United States.,Yale School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Magdalena Zernicka Goetz
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Developmental Plasticity and Self-Organization Group, California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, United States
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10
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Forsyth JE, Al-Anbaki AH, de la Fuente R, Modare N, Perez-Cortes D, Rivera I, Seaton Kelly R, Cotter S, Plusa B. IVEN: A quantitative tool to describe 3D cell position and neighbourhood reveals architectural changes in FGF4-treated preimplantation embryos. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001345. [PMID: 34310594 PMCID: PMC8341705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Architectural changes at the cellular and organism level are integral and necessary to successful development and growth. During mammalian preimplantation development, cells reduce in size and the architecture of the embryo changes significantly. Such changes must be coordinated correctly to ensure continued development of the embryo and, ultimately, a successful pregnancy. However, the nature of such transformations is poorly defined during mammalian preimplantation development. In order to quantitatively describe changes in cell environment and organism architecture, we designed Internal Versus External Neighbourhood (IVEN). IVEN is a user-interactive, open-source pipeline that classifies cells into different populations based on their position and quantifies the number of neighbours of every cell within a dataset in a 3D environment. Through IVEN-driven analyses, we show how transformations in cell environment, defined here as changes in cell neighbourhood, are related to changes in embryo geometry and major developmental events during preimplantation mammalian development. Moreover, we demonstrate that modulation of the FGF pathway alters spatial relations of inner cells and neighbourhood distributions, leading to overall changes in embryo architecture. In conjunction with IVEN-driven analyses, we uncover differences in the dynamic of cell size changes over the preimplantation period and determine that cells within the mammalian embryo initiate growth phase only at the time of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Forsyth
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (FBMH), Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Mathematics, Alan Turing Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ali H. Al-Anbaki
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (FBMH), Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto de la Fuente
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (FBMH), Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Nikkinder Modare
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (FBMH), Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Perez-Cortes
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (FBMH), Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Rivera
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (FBMH), Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rowena Seaton Kelly
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (FBMH), Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Cotter
- School of Mathematics, Alan Turing Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Berenika Plusa
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (FBMH), Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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11
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Pojer JM, Saiful Hilmi AJ, Kondo S, Harvey KF. Crumbs and the apical spectrin cytoskeleton regulate R8 cell fate in the Drosophila eye. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009146. [PMID: 34097697 PMCID: PMC8211197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an important regulator of organ growth and cell fate. In the R8 photoreceptor cells of the Drosophila melanogaster eye, the Hippo pathway controls the fate choice between one of two subtypes that express either the blue light-sensitive Rhodopsin 5 (Hippo inactive R8 subtype) or the green light-sensitive Rhodopsin 6 (Hippo active R8 subtype). The degree to which the mechanism of Hippo signal transduction and the proteins that mediate it are conserved in organ growth and R8 cell fate choice is currently unclear. Here, we identify Crumbs and the apical spectrin cytoskeleton as regulators of R8 cell fate. By contrast, other proteins that influence Hippo-dependent organ growth, such as the basolateral spectrin cytoskeleton and Ajuba, are dispensable for the R8 cell fate choice. Surprisingly, Crumbs promotes the Rhodopsin 5 cell fate, which is driven by Yorkie, rather than the Rhodopsin 6 cell fate, which is driven by Warts and the Hippo pathway, which contrasts with its impact on Hippo activity in organ growth. Furthermore, neither the apical spectrin cytoskeleton nor Crumbs appear to regulate the Hippo pathway through mechanisms that have been observed in growing organs. Together, these results show that only a subset of Hippo pathway proteins regulate the R8 binary cell fate decision and that aspects of Hippo signalling differ between growing organs and post-mitotic R8 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Pojer
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abdul Jabbar Saiful Hilmi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shu Kondo
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kieran F. Harvey
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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12
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Marikawa Y, Menor M, Deng Y, Alarcon VB. Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and trophectoderm lineage specification by the mevalonate pathway in the mouse preimplantation embryo. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6156636. [PMID: 33677573 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early embryos are vulnerable to environmental insults, such as medications taken by the mother. Due to increasing prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, more women of childbearing potential are taking cholesterol-lowering medications called statins. Previously, we showed that inhibition of the mevalonate pathway by statins impaired mouse preimplantation development, by modulating HIPPO signaling, a key regulator for trophectoderm (TE) lineage specification. Here, we further evaluated molecular events that are altered by mevalonate pathway inhibition during the timeframe of morphogenesis and cell lineage specification. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed that statin treatment dysregulated gene expression underlying multiple processes, including cholesterol biosynthesis, HIPPO signaling, cell lineage specification and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. We explored mechanisms that link the mevalonate pathway to ER stress, because of its potential impact on embryonic health and development. Upregulation of ER stress-responsive genes was inhibited when statin-treated embryos were supplemented with the mevalonate pathway product, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). Inhibition of geranylgeranylation was sufficient to upregulate ER stress-responsive genes. However, ER stress-responsive genes were not upregulated by inhibition of ras homolog family member A (RHOA), a geranylgeranylation target, although it interfered with TE specification and blastocyst cavity formation. In contrast, inhibition of Rac family small GTPase 1 (RAC1), another geranylgeranylation target, upregulated ER stress-responsive genes, while it did not impair TE specification or cavity formation. Thus, our study suggests that the mevalonate pathway regulates cellular homeostasis (ER stress repression) and differentiation (TE lineage specification) in preimplantation embryos through GGPP-dependent activation of two distinct small GTPases, RAC1 and RHOA, respectively. Translation of the findings to human embryos and clinical settings requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Marikawa
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Mark Menor
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Vernadeth B Alarcon
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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13
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Sharma J, Antenos M, Madan P. A Comparative Analysis of Hippo Signaling Pathway Components during Murine and Bovine Early Mammalian Embryogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:281. [PMID: 33669396 PMCID: PMC7920285 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The time required for successful blastocyst formation varies among multiple species. The formation of a blastocyst is governed by numerous molecular cell signaling pathways, such as the Hippo signaling pathway. The Hippo signaling pathway is initiated by increased cell-cell contact and via apical polarity proteins (AMOT, PARD6, and NF2) during the period of preimplantation embryogenesis. Cell-cell contact and cell polarity activate (phosphorylates) the core cascade components of the pathway (mammalian sterile twenty like 1 and 2 (MST1/2) and large tumor suppressor 1 and 2 (LATS1/2)), which in turn phosphorylate the downstream effectors of the pathway (YAP1/TAZ). The Hippo pathway remains inactive with YAP1 (Yes Associated protein 1) present inside the nucleus in the trophectoderm (TE) cells (polar blastomeres) of the mouse blastocyst. In the inner cell mass (ICM) cells (apolar blastomeres), the pathway is activated with p-YAP1 present in the cytoplasm. On the contrary, during bovine embryogenesis, p-YAP1 is exclusively present in the nucleus in both TE and ICM cells. Contrary to mouse embryos, transcription co activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) (also known as WWTR1) is also predominantly present in the cytoplasm in all the blastomeres during bovine embryogenesis. This review outlines the major differences in the localization and function of Hippo signaling pathway components of murine and bovine preimplantation embryos, suggesting significant differences in the regulation of this pathway in between the two species. The variance observed in the Hippo signaling pathway between murine and bovine embryos confirms that both of these early embryonic models are quite distinct. Moreover, based on the similarity of the Hippo signaling pathway between bovine and human early embryo development, bovine embryos could be an alternate model for understanding the regulation of the Hippo signaling pathway in human embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pavneesh Madan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.S.); (M.A.)
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14
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Hu Y, Huang K, Zeng Q, Feng Y, Ke Q, An Q, Qin LJ, Cui Y, Guo Y, Zhao D, Peng Y, Tian D, Xia K, Chen Y, Ni B, Wang J, Zhu X, Wei L, Liu Y, Xiang P, Liu JY, Xue Z, Fan G. Single-cell analysis of nonhuman primate preimplantation development in comparison to humans and mice. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:974-985. [PMID: 33449399 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic programs underlying preimplantation development and early lineage segregation are highly conserved across mammals. It has been suggested that nonhuman primates would be better model organisms for human embryogenesis, but a limited number of studies have investigated the monkey preimplantation development. In this study, we collect single cells from cynomolgus monkey preimplantation embryos for transcriptome profiling and compare with single-cell RNA-seq data derived from human and mouse embryos. RESULTS By weighted gene-coexpression network analysis, we found that cynomolgus gene networks have greater conservation with human embryos including a greater number of conserved hub genes than that of mouse embryos. Consistently, we found that early ICM/TE lineage-segregating genes in monkeys exhibit greater similarity with human when compared to mouse, so are the genes in signaling pathways such as LRP1 and TCF7 involving in WNT pathway. Last, we tested the role of one conserved pre-EGA hub gene, SIN3A, using a morpholino knockdown of maternal RNA transcripts in monkey embryos followed by single-cell RNA-seq. We found that SIN3A knockdown disrupts the gene-silencing program during the embryonic genome activation transition and results in developmental delay of cynomolgus embryos. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study provided new insight into evolutionarily conserved and divergent transcriptome dynamics during mammalian preimplantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun-Ye-Sat University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin Huang
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Qiao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Ke
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering Ministry of Education, Zhongshan College of Medicine, Sun-Ye-Sat University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin An
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lian-Ju Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - YuGui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dicheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Birth Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Birth Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jinmei Wang
- Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences & Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianmin Zhu
- Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences & Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun-Ye-Sat University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun-Ye-Sat University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering Ministry of Education, Zhongshan College of Medicine, Sun-Ye-Sat University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Fan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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15
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Sharma J, Madan P. Characterisation of the Hippo signalling pathway during bovine preimplantation embryo development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:392-401. [PMID: 31718770 DOI: 10.1071/rd18320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastocyst formation is an important milestone during preimplantation embryo development. During murine preimplantation embryogenesis, the Hippo signalling pathway is known to play a significant role in lineage segregation and henceforth the formation of blastocysts. However, the role of this cell signalling pathway during bovine embryogenesis remains unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study was to characterise the Hippo signalling pathway during bovine preimplantation embryo development. mRNA transcripts of Hippo signalling pathway constituents (i.e. crumbs cell polarity complex component 3 (CRB3), mammalian sterile 20-like 1 (MST1), mammalian sterile 20-like 2 (MST2), Yes associated protein 1 (YAP1), transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ)) were observed during all stages of bovine preimplantation embryo development. To evaluate the localisation of Hippo pathway components, bovine embryos at timed stages of development were stained using specific antibodies and observed under a laser confocal microscope. Although MST1/2 proteins were in the cytoplasm during various stages of bovine embryonic development, TAZ and phosphorylated (p-) YAP were detected in the nucleus during the blastocyst stages. Localisation of TAZ and p-YAP proteins was distinct in the bovine compared with mouse model, suggesting that the Hippo signalling pathway is regulated differently in early bovine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Pavneesh Madan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; and Corresponding author.
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16
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Li T, Greenblatt EM, Shin ME, Brown TJ, Chan C. Cargo small non-coding RNAs of extracellular vesicles isolated from uterine fluid associate with endometrial receptivity and implantation success. Fertil Steril 2020; 115:1327-1336. [PMID: 33272614 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To optimize a method of isolating extracellular vesicles (EVs) from uterine fluid and to characterize small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) from the EVs, with the goal of identifying novel receptivity-associated biomarkers. DESIGN Longitudinal study comparing sncRNA expression profiles from endometrial EVs. SETTING University-affiliated, hospital-based fertility clinic. PATIENT(S) Healthy volunteers with no history of infertility (Group A) and women receiving controlled ovarian stimulation (COS)-in vitro fertilization treatment (Group B). INTERVENTIONS(S) In Group A, EVs were isolated from uterine fluid obtained on luteinizing hormone (LH)+2 and LH+7 in one natural menstrual cycle. In Group B, EVs were isolated from uterine fluid obtained on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)+2 and hCG+7 in one COS cycle. RNAs extracted from EVs were profiled using next-generation sequencing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Differential EV-sncRNAs between LH+2 and LH+7 (Group A), between hCG+2 and hCG+7 (Group B), and between pregnant and nonpregnant in vitro fertilization cycles (Group B). RESULT(S) Ultracentrifugation was validated as the most efficient method to isolate EVs from uterine fluid. We identified 12 endometrial EV-sncRNAs (11 microRNAs and 1 piwi-interacting RNA) as receptivity-associated transcripts conserved in both natural and COS cycles. These sncRNAs were associated strongly with biological functions related to immune response, extracellular matrix, and cell junction. Within COS cycles, we also identified a group of EV-sncRNAs that exhibited differential expression in patients who conceived versus those who did not, with hsa-miR-362-3p most robustly overexpressed in the nonpregnant patients. CONCLUSION(S) This study is the first to profile comprehensively sncRNAs in endometrial EVs from uterine fluid and identify sncRNA biomarkers of endometrial receptivity and implantation success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ellen M Greenblatt
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Mount Sinai Fertility, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Theodore J Brown
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Crystal Chan
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Mount Sinai Fertility, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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17
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Abstract
Gene regulatory networks and tissue morphogenetic events drive the emergence of shape and function: the pillars of embryo development. Although model systems offer a window into the molecular biology of cell fate and tissue shape, mechanistic studies of our own development have so far been technically and ethically challenging. However, recent technical developments provide the tools to describe, manipulate and mimic human embryos in a dish, thus opening a new avenue to exploring human development. Here, I discuss the evidence that supports a role for the crosstalk between cell fate and tissue shape during early human embryogenesis. This is a critical developmental period, when the body plan is laid out and many pregnancies fail. Dissecting the basic mechanisms that coordinate cell fate and tissue shape will generate an integrated understanding of early embryogenesis and new strategies for therapeutic intervention in early pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta N Shahbazi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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18
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Barzegari A, Gueguen V, Omidi Y, Ostadrahimi A, Nouri M, Pavon‐Djavid G. The role of Hippo signaling pathway and mechanotransduction in tuning embryoid body formation and differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5072-5083. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Barzegari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Virginie Gueguen
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular BioengineeringUniversité Paris 13 Paris France
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical NanotechnologyTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research CenterTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Graciela Pavon‐Djavid
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular BioengineeringUniversité Paris 13 Paris France
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19
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Cobbaut M, Karagil S, Bruno L, Diaz de la Loza MDC, Mackenzie FE, Stolinski M, Elbediwy A. Dysfunctional Mechanotransduction through the YAP/TAZ/Hippo Pathway as a Feature of Chronic Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010151. [PMID: 31936297 PMCID: PMC7016982 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to ascertain their external environment, cells and tissues have the capability to sense and process a variety of stresses, including stretching and compression forces. These mechanical forces, as experienced by cells and tissues, are then converted into biochemical signals within the cell, leading to a number of cellular mechanisms being activated, including proliferation, differentiation and migration. If the conversion of mechanical cues into biochemical signals is perturbed in any way, then this can be potentially implicated in chronic disease development and processes such as neurological disorders, cancer and obesity. This review will focus on how the interplay between mechanotransduction, cellular structure, metabolism and signalling cascades led by the Hippo-YAP/TAZ axis can lead to a number of chronic diseases and suggest how we can target various pathways in order to design therapeutic targets for these debilitating diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Cobbaut
- Protein Phosphorylation Lab, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK;
| | - Simge Karagil
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK; (S.K.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Lucrezia Bruno
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK; (S.K.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK;
| | | | - Francesca E Mackenzie
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK;
| | - Michael Stolinski
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK; (S.K.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Ahmed Elbediwy
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK; (S.K.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Maternal Yes-Associated Protein Participates in Porcine Blastocyst Development via Modulation of Trophectoderm Epithelium Barrier Function. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121606. [PMID: 31835702 PMCID: PMC6952962 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of a functional trophectoderm (TE) epithelium is an essential prerequisite for blastocyst formation and placentation. Transcription coactivator yes-associated protein (YAP), a downstream effector of the hippo signaling pathway, is required for specification of both the TE and epiblast lineages in mice. However, the biological role of YAP in porcine blastocyst development is not known. Here, we report that maternally derived YAP protein is localized to both the cytoplasm and nuclei prior to the morula stage and is then predominantly localized to the TE nuclei in blastocysts. Functionally, maternal YAP knockdown severely impeded blastocyst formation and perturbed the allocation of the first two lineages. The treatment of embryos with verteporfin, a pharmacological inhibitor of YAP, faithfully recapitulated the phenotype observed in YAP deleted embryos. Mechanistically, we found that maternal YAP regulates multiple genes which are important for lineage commitment, tight junction assembly, and fluid accumulation. Consistent with the effects on tight junction gene expression, a permeability assay revealed that paracellular sealing was defective in the trophectoderm epithelium. Lastly, YAP knockdown in a single blastomere at the 2-cell stage revealed that the cellular progeny of the YAP+ blastomere were sufficient to sustain blastocyst formation via direct complementation of the defective trophectoderm epithelium. In summary, these findings demonstrate that maternal YAP facilitates porcine blastocyst development through transcriptional regulation of key genes that are essential for lineage commitment, tight junction assembly, and fluid accumulation.
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21
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Midic U, Vincent KA, Wang K, Lokken A, Severance AL, Ralston A, Knott JG, Latham KE. Novel key roles for structural maintenance of chromosome flexible domain containing 1 (Smchd1) during preimplantation mouse development. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 85:635-648. [PMID: 29900695 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Structural maintenance of chromosome flexible domain containing 1 (Smchd1) is a chromatin regulatory gene for which mutations are associated with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy and arhinia. The contribution of oocyte- and zygote-expressed SMCHD1 to early development was examined in mice ( Mus musculus) using a small interfering RNA knockdown approach. Smchd1 knockdown compromised long-term embryo viability, with reduced embryo nuclear volumes at the morula stage, reduced blastocyst cell number, formation and hatching, and reduced viability to term. RNA sequencing analysis of Smchd1 knockdown morulae revealed aberrant increases in expression of a small number of trophectoderm (TE)-related genes and reduced expression of cell proliferation genes, including S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 ( Skp2). Smchd1 expression was elevated in embryos deficient for Caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2 ( Cdx2, a key regulator of TE specification), indicating that Smchd1 is normally repressed by CDX2. These results indicate that Smchd1 plays an important role in the preimplantation embryo, regulating early gene expression and contributing to long-term embryo viability. These results extend the known functions of SMCHD1 to the preimplantation period and highlight important function for maternally expressed Smchd1 messenger RNA and protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uros Midic
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Kailey A Vincent
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Alyson Lokken
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Ashley L Severance
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Amy Ralston
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jason G Knott
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Keith E Latham
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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22
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Xu S, Pang L, Liu Y, Lian X, Mo K, Lv R, Zhu H, Lv C, Lin J, Sun J, Xu L, Wang S. Akt plays indispensable roles during the first cell lineage differentiation of mouse. J Mol Histol 2019; 50:369-374. [PMID: 31190160 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The first cell lineage differentiation occurs during the development of mouse 8-cell embryo to blastocyst. Akt is a potent kinase whose role during blastocyst formation has not been elucidated. In the present study, immunofluorescence results showed that the Akt protein was specifically localized to the outer cells of the morula. Akt-specific inhibitor MK2206 significantly inhibited mouse blastocyst formation and resulted in decreased expression of the trophectoderm marker Cdx2 and led to granular distribution of ERα in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, knockdown of ERα by siRNA microinjection can also lead to a decrease in the development rate of mouse blastocysts, accompanied by a decrease in the expression level of Yap protein. We conclude that Akt may be indispensable for the first cell lineage differentiation of mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Pang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Lian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaien Mo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruimin Lv
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Zhu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Lv
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Lin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiandong Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixuan Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Menchero S, Rollan I, Lopez-Izquierdo A, Andreu MJ, Sainz de Aja J, Kang M, Adan J, Benedito R, Rayon T, Hadjantonakis AK, Manzanares M. Transitions in cell potency during early mouse development are driven by Notch. eLife 2019; 8:42930. [PMID: 30958266 PMCID: PMC6486152 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway plays fundamental roles in diverse developmental processes in metazoans, where it is important in driving cell fate and directing differentiation of various cell types. However, we still have limited knowledge about the role of Notch in early preimplantation stages of mammalian development, or how it interacts with other signalling pathways active at these stages such as Hippo. By using genetic and pharmacological tools in vivo, together with image analysis of single embryos and pluripotent cell culture, we have found that Notch is active from the 4-cell stage. Transcriptomic analysis in single morula identified novel Notch targets, such as early naïve pluripotency markers or transcriptional repressors such as TLE4. Our results reveal a previously undescribed role for Notch in driving transitions during the gradual loss of potency that takes place in the early mouse embryo prior to the first lineage decisions. We start life as a single cell, which immediately begins to divide to form an embryo that will eventually contain all the different kinds of cells found in the adult body. During the first few rounds of cell division, embryonic cells can become any type of adult cells, but also form the placenta, the organ that sustains the embryo while in the womb. As cells keep on dividing, they lose this ability, called potency, and they take on more specific and inflexible roles. The first choice embryonic cells must make is whether to become part of the placenta or part of the future body. These types of decisions are controlled by molecular cascades known as signalling pathways, which relay information from the cells surface to its control centre. There, specific genes get turned on or off in response to an outside signal. Previous research showed that two signalling pathways, Hippo and Notch, help separate placenta cells from those that will form the rest of the body. However, it was not known whether the two pathways worked independently, or if they were overlapping. Menchero et al. therefore wanted to find out when exactly the Notch pathway started to be active, and examine how it helped cells to either become the placenta or part of the future body. Experiments with developing mouse embryos showed that the Notch pathway was activated after the very first two cell divisions, when the embryo consists of only four cells. Genetic manipulations combined with drug treatments that changed the activity of the Notch pathway confirmed that Notch and Hippo acted independently at this stage. Further, larger-scale analysis of gene activity in these embryos also revealed that Notch signalling was working in a previously unknown way: it turned off the genes that maintain potency, pushing the cells to become more specialised. Ultimately, identifying this new mode of action for the Notch pathway in the early embryo may help to understand how the signalling cascade acts in other types of processes. This knowledge could be useful, for example, to push embryonic cells grown in the laboratory towards a desired fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Menchero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Rollan
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maria Jose Andreu
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Sainz de Aja
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Minjung Kang
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, United States
| | - Javier Adan
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rui Benedito
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Rayon
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Manzanares
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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24
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Filimonow K, Saiz N, Suwińska A, Wyszomirski T, Grabarek JB, Ferretti E, Piliszek A, Plusa B, Maleszewski M. No evidence of involvement of E-cadherin in cell fate specification or the segregation of Epi and PrE in mouse blastocysts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212109. [PMID: 30735538 PMCID: PMC6368326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During preimplantation mouse development stages, emerging pluripotent epiblast (Epi) and extraembryonic primitive endoderm (PrE) cells are first distributed in the blastocyst in a "salt-and-pepper" manner before they segregate into separate layers. As a result of segregation, PrE cells become localised on the surface of the inner cell mass (ICM), and the Epi is enclosed by the PrE on one side and by the trophectoderm on the other. During later development, a subpopulation of PrE cells migrates away from the ICM and forms the parietal endoderm (PE), while cells remaining in contact with the Epi form the visceral endoderm (VE). Here, we asked: what are the mechanisms mediating Epi and PrE cell segregation and the subsequent VE vs PE specification? Differences in cell adhesion have been proposed; however, we demonstrate that the levels of plasma membrane-bound E-cadherin (CDH1, cadherin 1) in Epi and PrE cells only differ after the segregation of these lineages within the ICM. Moreover, manipulating E-cadherin levels did not affect lineage specification or segregation, thus failing to confirm its role during these processes. Rather, we report changes in E-cadherin localisation during later PrE-to-PE transition which are accompanied by the presence of Vimentin and Twist, supporting the hypothesis that an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process occurs in the mouse peri-implantation blastocyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Filimonow
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, The University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36a, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Nestor Saiz
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Aneta Suwińska
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, The University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wyszomirski
- Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, The University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna B. Grabarek
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- The Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anna Piliszek
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36a, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Berenika Plusa
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MM); (BP)
| | - Marek Maleszewski
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, The University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (MM); (BP)
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25
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De Caluwé J, Tosenberger A, Gonze D, Dupont G. Signalling-modulated gene regulatory networks in early mammalian development. J Theor Biol 2019; 463:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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26
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Xu X, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Huang S, Li K, He L, Zhou X. Genome editing reveals the function of Yorkie during the embryonic and early larval development in silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 27:675-685. [PMID: 29797485 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a transcriptional coactivator, Yorkie (Yki) is a major downstream target of the Hippo signalling pathway to regulate the organ size during animal development and regeneration. Previous microarray analysis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, has shown that genes associated with the Hippo pathway were primarily expressed in gonads and imaginal discs. The RNA-interference-mediated silencing of Yki at the early wandering stage delayed B. mori development and ovary maturation, whereas baculovirus-mediated overexpression at the late larval instar facilitated organ growth and accelerated metamorphosis. Here, we employed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis to investigate the function of Yki in B. mori (BmYki) at the embryonic and early larval stages. Knocking out of BmYki led to reduced body size, moulting defects and, eventually, larval lethality. Sequence analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 mutants exhibited an array of deletions in BmYki. As a critical downstream effector of the Hippo kinase cassette, silencing of BmYki at the embryonic stage is indispensable and the consequence is lethal. Given that the Hippo signalling pathway is evolutionarily conserved, Yki has the potential to be a novel molecular target for genetic-based pest management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Zhang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Yang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Huang
- Agricultural and Medical Biotechnology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - K Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - L He
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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27
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Abstract
Hippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved network that has a central role in regulating cell proliferation and cell fate to control organ growth and regeneration. It promotes activation of the LATS kinases, which control gene expression by inhibiting the activity of the transcriptional coactivator proteins YAP and TAZ in mammals and Yorkie in Drosophila. Diverse upstream inputs, including both biochemical cues and biomechanical cues, regulate Hippo signaling and enable it to have a key role as a sensor of cells' physical environment and an integrator of growth control signals. Several components of this pathway localize to cell-cell junctions and contribute to regulation of Hippo signaling by cell polarity, cell contacts, and the cytoskeleton. Downregulation of Hippo signaling promotes uncontrolled cell proliferation, impairs differentiation, and is associated with cancer. We review the current understanding of Hippo signaling and highlight progress in the elucidation of its regulatory mechanisms and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti R Misra
- Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA;
| | - Kenneth D Irvine
- Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA;
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28
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Dingare C, Niedzwetzki A, Klemmt PA, Godbersen S, Fuentes R, Mullins MC, Lecaudey V. The Hippo pathway effector Taz is required for cell morphogenesis and fertilization in zebrafish. Development 2018; 145:dev.167023. [PMID: 30327325 DOI: 10.1242/dev.167023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hippo signaling is a critical pathway that integrates extrinsic and intrinsic mechanical cues to regulate organ size. Despite its essential role in organogenesis, little is known about its role in cell fate specification and differentiation. Here, we unravel a novel and unexpected role of the Hippo pathway effector Taz (wwtr1) in controlling the size, shape and fate of a unique cell in the zebrafish ovary. We show that wwtr1 mutant females are infertile. In teleosts, fertilization occurs through the micropyle, a funnel-like opening in the chorion, formed by a unique enlarged follicle cell, the micropylar cell (MC). We describe here, for the first time, the mechanism that underlies the differentiation of the MC. Our genetic analyses show that Taz is essential for MC fate acquisition and subsequent micropyle formation in zebrafish. We identify Taz as the first bona fide MC marker and show that Taz is specifically and strongly enriched in the MC precursor. Altogether, we performed the first genetic and molecular characterization of the MC and propose that Taz is a key regulator of MC fate.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Dingare
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Department of Developmental Biology of Vertebrates, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Developmental Biology, Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alina Niedzwetzki
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Department of Developmental Biology of Vertebrates, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Petra A Klemmt
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Department of Developmental Biology of Vertebrates, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Svenja Godbersen
- Developmental Biology, Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ricardo Fuentes
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mary C Mullins
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginie Lecaudey
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Department of Developmental Biology of Vertebrates, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany .,Developmental Biology, Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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29
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Plusa B, Hadjantonakis AK. (De)constructing the blastocyst: Lessons in self-organization from the mouse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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30
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Ai HH, Liu B, Yang MT, Zuo QQ, Song ZB, Bao YL, Sun LG, Zhou L, Li YX. Expression and effects of TSP50 in mouse embryo and cardiac myocyte development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:283-288. [PMID: 29842883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TSP50, a testis-specific gene encoding a serine protease-like protein, was specifically expressed in the spermatocytes of testes but abnormally activated and expressed in many different kinds of cancers. Here, we aimed to analyze the expression of TSP50 in mouse embryo and its function in early embryonic development. Firstly, the distribution of TSP50 in oocytes and embryonic development was characterized by immunofluorescence, RT-PCR and western blotting, and the results showed that TSP50 was detected at all studied stages with a dynamic expression pattern. When overexpressed TSP50 in zygotes by microinjection, the zygotes development was highly accelerated. On the contrary, knocking down TSP50 expression by RNA interference greatly retarded the zygote development. Furthermore, TSP50 expression at embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5), day 8.5 (E8.5) and day 10.5 (E10.5) were increasingly enhanced, However, the expression of TSP50 decreased gradually in the development and differentiation of cardiac myocyte from E12.5 to postnatal (P0). Additionally, we found that TSP50 expression was decreased during cardiac myocyte differentiation of P19 cells. Overexpression of TSP50 could decrease the expression of GATA-4, and knockdown of TSP50 markedly increase the expression of GATA-4. Taken together, our data indicate that TSP50 may play an important role during the process of mouse embryonic development as well as myocardial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Han Ai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Mei-Ting Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zuo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Yong-Li Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Lu-Guo Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yu-Xin Li
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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31
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Huang T, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Cheng ASL, Yu J, To KF, Kang W. The physiological role of Motin family and its dysregulation in tumorigenesis. J Transl Med 2018; 16:98. [PMID: 29650031 PMCID: PMC5898069 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Members in Motin family, or Angiomotins (AMOTs), are adaptor proteins that localize in the membranous, cytoplasmic or nuclear fraction in a cell context-dependent manner. They control the bioprocesses such as migration, tight junction formation, cell polarity, and angiogenesis. Emerging evidences have demonstrated that AMOTs participate in cancer initiation and progression. Many of the previous studies have focused on the involvement of AMOTs in Hippo-YAP1 pathway. However, it has been controversial for years that AMOTs serve as either positive or negative growth regulators in different cancer types because of the various cellular origins. The molecular mechanisms of these opposite roles of AMOTs remain elusive. This review comprehensively summarized how AMOTs function physiologically and how their dysregulation promotes or inhibits tumorigenesis. Better understanding the functional roles of AMOTs in cancers may lead to an improvement of clinical interventions as well as development of novel therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Huang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Our First Choice: Cellular and Genetic Underpinnings of Trophectoderm Identity and Differentiation in the Mammalian Embryo. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 128:59-80. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Transcriptional Regulation and Genes Involved in First Lineage Specification During Preimplantation Development. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2018; 229:31-46. [PMID: 29177763 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63187-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The successful development from a single-cell zygote into a complex multicellular organism requires precise coordination of multiple cell-fate decisions. The very first of these is lineage specification into the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) during mammalian preimplantation development. In mouse embryos, transcription factors (TFs) such as Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog are enriched in cells of ICM, which gives rise to the fetus and yolk sac. Conversely, TFs such as Cdx2 and Eomes become highly upregulated in TE, which contribute to the placenta. Here, we review the current understanding of key transcriptional control mechanisms and genes responsible for these distinct differences during the first cell lineage specification. In particular, we highlight recent insights gained through advances in genome manipulation, live imaging, single-cell transcriptomics, and loss-of-function studies.
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34
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Abstract
During the very first days of mammalian development, the embryo forms a structure called the blastocyst. The blastocyst consists of two cell types: the trophectoderm (TE), which implants the embryo in the uterus and the inner cell mass (ICM), which gives rise to all cells of the mammalian body. Previous works identified how cells differentiate according to their position within the embryo: TE for surface cells and ICM for internal cells. It is therefore essential to understand how cells acquire their position in the first place. During the formation of the blastocyst, cells distort and relocate as a consequence of forces that are generated by the cells themselves. Recently, several important studies have identified the forces and cellular mechanisms leading to the shaping of the ICM. Here, I describe how these studies led us to understand how contractile forces shape the mammalian embryo to position and differentiate the ICM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Léon Maître
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215 Inserm U934, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France - Équipe mécanique du développement mammifère, Unité Génétique et Biologie du Développement, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
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35
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Negrón-Pérez VM, Zhang Y, Hansen PJ. Single-cell gene expression of the bovine blastocyst. Reproduction 2017; 154:627-644. [PMID: 28814615 PMCID: PMC5630521 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The first two differentiation events in the embryo result in three cell types - epiblast, trophectoderm (TE) and hypoblast. The purpose here was to identify molecular markers for each cell type in the bovine and evaluate the differences in gene expression among individual cells of each lineage. The cDNA from 67 individual cells of dissociated blastocysts was used to determine transcript abundance for 93 genes implicated as cell lineage markers in other species or potentially involved in developmental processes. Clustering analysis indicated that the cells belonged to two major populations (clades A and B) with two subpopulations of clade A and four of clade B. Use of lineage-specific markers from other species indicated that the two subpopulations of clade A represented epiblast and hypoblast respectively while the four subpopulations of clade B were TE. Among the genes upregulated in epiblast were AJAP1, DNMT3A, FGF4, H2AFZ, KDM2B, NANOG, POU5F1, SAV1 and SLIT2 Genes overexpressed in hypoblast included ALPL, FGFR2, FN1, GATA6, GJA1, HDAC1, MBNL3, PDGFRA and SOX17, while genes overexpressed in all four TE populations were ACTA2, CDX2, CYP11A1, GATA2, GATA3, IFNT, KRT8, RAC1 and SFN The subpopulations of TE varied among each other for multiple genes including the prototypical TE marker IFNT. New markers for each cell type in the bovine blastocyst were identified. Results also indicate heterogeneity in gene expression among TE cells. Further studies are needed to confirm whether subpopulations of TE cells represent different stages in the development of a committed TE phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica M. Negrón-Pérez
- Department of Animal Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Gene Expression and Genotyping Core, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter J. Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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36
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Actomyosin polarisation through PLC-PKC triggers symmetry breaking of the mouse embryo. Nat Commun 2017; 8:921. [PMID: 29030553 PMCID: PMC5640629 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment of cell polarity in the mammalian embryo is fundamental for the first cell fate decision that sets aside progenitor cells for both the new organism and the placenta. Yet the sequence of events and molecular mechanism that trigger this process remain unknown. Here, we show that de novo polarisation of the mouse embryo occurs in two distinct phases at the 8-cell stage. In the first phase, an apical actomyosin network is formed. This is a pre-requisite for the second phase, in which the Par complex localises to the apical domain, excluding actomyosin and forming a mature apical cap. Using a variety of approaches, we also show that phospholipase C-mediated PIP2 hydrolysis is necessary and sufficient to trigger the polarisation of actomyosin through the Rho-mediated recruitment of myosin II to the apical cortex. Together, these results reveal the molecular framework that triggers de novo polarisation of the mouse embryo. The molecular trigger that establishes cell polarity in the mammalian embryo is unclear. Here, the authors show that de novo polarisation of the mouse embryo at the 8-cell stage is directed by Phospholipase C and Protein kinase C and occurs in two phases: polarisation of actomyosin followed by the Par complex.
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37
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Maître JL. Mechanics of blastocyst morphogenesis. Biol Cell 2017; 109:323-338. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201700029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Léon Maître
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934; Paris France
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38
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Abstract
Embryonic development is a self-organised process during which cells divide, interact, change fate according to a complex gene regulatory network and organise themselves in a three-dimensional space. Here, we model this complex dynamic phenomenon in the context of the acquisition of epiblast and primitive endoderm identities within the inner cell mass of the preimplantation embryo in the mouse. The multiscale model describes cell division and interactions between cells, as well as biochemical reactions inside each individual cell and in the extracellular matrix. The computational results first confirm that the previously proposed mechanism by which extra-cellular signalling allows cells to select the appropriate fate in a tristable regulatory network is robust when considering a realistic framework involving cell division and three-dimensional interactions. The simulations recapitulate a variety of in vivo observations on wild-type and mutant embryos and suggest that the gene regulatory network confers differential plasticity to the different cell fates. A detailed analysis of the specification process emphasizes that developmental transitions and the salt-and-pepper patterning of epiblast and primitive endoderm cells from a homogenous population of inner cell mass cells arise from the interplay between the internal gene regulatory network and extracellular signalling by Fgf4. Importantly, noise is necessary to create some initial heterogeneity in the specification process. The simulations suggest that initial cell-to-cell differences originating from slight inhomogeneities in extracellular Fgf4 signalling, in possible combination with slightly different concentrations of the key transcription factors between daughter cells, are able to break the original symmetry and are amplified in a flexible and self-regulated manner until the blastocyst stage.
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39
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Thamodaran V, Bruce AW. p38 (Mapk14/11) occupies a regulatory node governing entry into primitive endoderm differentiation during preimplantation mouse embryo development. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160190. [PMID: 27605380 PMCID: PMC5043583 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During mouse preimplantation embryo development, the classically described second cell-fate decision involves the specification and segregation, in blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM), of primitive endoderm (PrE) from pluripotent epiblast (EPI). The active role of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signalling during PrE differentiation, particularly in the context of Erk1/2 pathway activation, is well described. However, we report that p38 family mitogen-activated protein kinases (namely p38α/Mapk14 and p38β/Mapk11; referred to as p38-Mapk14/11) also participate in PrE formation. Specifically, functional p38-Mapk14/11 are required, during early-blastocyst maturation, to assist uncommitted ICM cells, expressing both EPI and earlier PrE markers, to fully commit to PrE differentiation. Moreover, functional activation of p38-Mapk14/11 is, as reported for Erk1/2, under the control of Fgf-receptor signalling, plus active Tak1 kinase (involved in non-canonical bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp)-receptor-mediated PrE differentiation). However, we demonstrate that the critical window of p38-Mapk14/11 activation precedes the E3.75 timepoint (defined by the initiation of the classical ‘salt and pepper’ expression pattern of mutually exclusive EPI and PrE markers), whereas appropriate lineage maturation is still achievable when Erk1/2 activity (via Mek1/2 inhibition) is limited to a period after E3.75. We propose that active p38-Mapk14/11 act as enablers, and Erk1/2 as drivers, of PrE differentiation during ICM lineage specification and segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanth Thamodaran
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genetics (LDB&G), Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander W Bruce
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genetics (LDB&G), Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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40
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Forceful patterning in mouse preimplantation embryos. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 71:129-136. [PMID: 28577924 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The generation of a functional organism from a single, fertilized ovum requires the spatially coordinated regulation of diverse cell identities. The establishment and precise arrangement of differentiated cells in developing embryos has, historically, been extensively studied by geneticists and developmental biologists. While chemical gradients and genetic regulatory networks are widely acknowledged to play significant roles in embryo patterning, recent studies have highlighted that mechanical forces generated by, and exerted on, embryos are also crucial for the proper control of cell differentiation and morphogenesis. Here we review the most recent findings in murine preimplantation embryogenesis on the roles of cortical tension in the coupling of cell-fate determination and cell positioning in 8-16-cell-stage embryos. These basic principles of mechanochemical coupling in mouse embryos can be applied to other pattern formation phenomena that rely on localized modifications of cell polarity proteins and actin cytoskeletal components and activities.
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41
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Wang Y, Yu A, Yu FX. The Hippo pathway in tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Protein Cell 2017; 8:349-359. [PMID: 28130761 PMCID: PMC5413598 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While several organs in mammals retain partial regenerative capability following tissue damage, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, the Hippo signaling pathway, better known for its function in organ size control, has been shown to play a pivotal role in regulating tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Upon tissue injury, the activity of YAP, the major effector of the Hippo pathway, is transiently induced, which in turn promotes expansion of tissue-resident progenitors and facilitates tissue regeneration. In this review, with a general focus on the Hippo pathway, we will discuss its major components, functions in stem cell biology, involvement in tissue regeneration in different organs, and potential strategies for developing Hippo pathway-targeted regenerative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Aijuan Yu
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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42
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Luxenburg C, Geiger B. Multiscale View of Cytoskeletal Mechanoregulation of Cell and Tissue Polarity. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 235:263-284. [PMID: 27807694 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to generate, maintain, and repair tissues with complex architecture, in which distinct cells function as coherent units, relies on polarity cues. Polarity can be described as an asymmetry along a defined axis, manifested at the molecular, structural, and functional levels. Several types of cell and tissue polarities were described in the literature, including front-back, apical-basal, anterior-posterior, and left-right polarity. Extensive research provided insights into the specific regulators of each polarization process, as well as into generic elements that affect all types of polarities. The actin cytoskeleton and the associated adhesion structures are major regulators of most, if not all, known forms of polarity. Actin filaments exhibit intrinsic polarity and their ability to bind many proteins including the mechanosensitive adhesion and motor proteins, such as myosins, play key roles in cell polarization. The actin cytoskeleton can generate mechanical forces and together with the associated adhesions, probe the mechanical, structural, and chemical properties of the environment, and transmit signals that impact numerous biological processes, including cell polarity. In this article we highlight novel mechanisms whereby the mechanical forces and actin-adhesion complexes regulate cell and tissue polarity in a variety of natural and experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Luxenburg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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43
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Pesce M, Messina E, Chimenti I, Beltrami AP. Cardiac Mechanoperception: A Life-Long Story from Early Beats to Aging and Failure. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 26:77-90. [PMID: 27736363 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The life-long story of the heart starts concomitantly with primary differentiation events occurring in multipotent progenitors located in the so-called heart tube. This initially tubular structure starts a looping process, which leads to formation of the final four-chambered heart with a primary contribution of geometric and position-associated cell sensing. While this establishes the correct patterning of the final cardiac structure, it also provides feedbacks to fundamental cellular machineries controlling proliferation and differentiation, thus ensuring a coordinated restriction of cell growth and a myocyte terminal differentiation. Novel evidences provided by embryological and cell engineering studies have clarified the relevance of mechanics-supported position sensing for the correct recognition of cell fate inside developing embryos and multicellular aggregates. One of the main components of this pathway, the Hippo-dependent signal transduction machinery, is responsible for cell mechanics intracellular transduction with important consequences for gene transcription and cell growth control. Being the Hippo pathway also directly connected to stress responses and altered metabolism, it is tempting to speculate that permanent alterations of mechanosensing may account for modifying self-renewal control in tissue homeostasis. In the present contribution, we translate these concepts to the aging process and the failing of the human heart, two pathophysiologic conditions that are strongly affected by stress responses and altered metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Pesce
- 1 Tissue Engineering Research Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS , Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Messina
- 2 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, "Sapienza" University , Rome, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- 3 Department of Medical Surgical Science and Biotechnology, "Sapienza" University , Rome, Italy
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44
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45
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Rho-associated protein kinase regulates subcellular localisation of Angiomotin and Hippo-signalling during preimplantation mouse embryo development. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 33:381-90. [PMID: 27430121 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The differential activity of the Hippo-signalling pathway between the outer- and inner-cell populations of the developing preimplantation mouse embryo directs appropriate formation of trophectoderm and inner cell mass (ICM) lineages. Such distinct signalling activity is under control of intracellular polarization, whereby Hippo-signalling is either supressed in polarized outer cells or activated in apolar inner cells. The central role of apical-basolateral polarization to such differential Hippo-signalling regulation prompted us to reinvestigate the role of potential upstream molecular regulators affecting apical-basolateral polarity. This study reports that the chemical inhibition of Rho-associated kinase (Rock) is associated with failure to form morphologically distinct blastocysts, indicative of compromised trophectoderm differentiation, and defects in the localization of both apical and basolateral polarity factors associated with malformation of tight junctions. Moreover, Rock-inhibition mediates mislocalization of the Hippo-signalling activator Angiomotin (Amot), to the basolateral regions of outer cells and is concomitant with aberrant activation of the pathway. The Rock-inhibition phenotype is mediated by Amot, as RNAi-based Amot knockdown totally rescues the normal suppression of Hippo-signalling in outer cells. In conclusion, Rock, via regulating appropriate apical-basolateral polarization in outer cells, regulates the appropriate activity of the Hippo-signalling pathway, by ensuring correct subcellular localization of Amot protein in outer cells.
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46
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Sun S, Irvine KD. Cellular Organization and Cytoskeletal Regulation of the Hippo Signaling Network. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:694-704. [PMID: 27268910 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling network integrates diverse upstream signals to control cell fate decisions and regulate organ growth. Recent studies have provided new insights into the cellular organization of Hippo signaling, its relationship to cell-cell junctions, and how the cytoskeleton modulates Hippo signaling. Cell-cell junctions serve as platforms for Hippo signaling by localizing scaffolding proteins that interact with core components of the pathway. Interactions of Hippo pathway components with cell-cell junctions and the cytoskeleton also suggest potential mechanisms for the regulation of the pathway by cell contact and cell polarity. As our understanding of the complexity of Hippo signaling increases, a future challenge will be to understand how the diverse inputs into the pathway are integrated and to define their respective contributions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguo Sun
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute, and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kenneth D Irvine
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute, and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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47
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Triana-Martínez F, Pedraza-Vázquez G, Maciel-Barón LA, Königsberg M. Reflections on the role of senescence during development and aging. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 598:40-9. [PMID: 27059850 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
New and stimulating results have challenged the concept that cellular senescence might not be synonymous with aging. It is indisputable that during aging, senescent cell accumulation has an impact on organismal health. Nevertheless, senescent cells are now known to display physiological roles during embryonic development, during wound healing repair and as a cellular response to stress. The fact that senescence has been found in cells that did not attain their maximal round of replications, nor have metabolic alterations or DNA damage, also challenges the paradigm that senescence is cellular aging, and it is in favor of the idea that cellular senescence is a phenomenon that has a function by itself. Therefore, in order to understand this phenomenon it is important to analyze the relationship between senescence and other cellular responses that have many features in common, such as apoptosis, cancer and autophagy, particularly highlighting their role during development and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Triana-Martínez
- Dept. Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09340, Mexico
| | - G Pedraza-Vázquez
- Dept. Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09340, Mexico
| | - L A Maciel-Barón
- Dept. Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09340, Mexico
| | - M Königsberg
- Dept. Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09340, Mexico.
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48
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Bessonnard S, Gonze D, Dupont G. [Epiblast and primitive endoderm cell specification during mouse preimplantation development: a combination between biology and mathematical modeling]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:192-7. [PMID: 26936177 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163202013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon its implantation in the uterus of the mother in mammals, the embryo is composed by three morphologically distinct tissues: the Epiblast (Epi), the Trophectoderm (TE) and the Primitive Endoderm (PrE). Both Epi and PrE are formed from the same cell homogeneous population called the Inner Cell Mass (ICM). Based on our studies, we discuss in this review what molecular interactions are necessary for the specification of these two lineages. For this, we have combined a biological approach with mathematical modeling. We have shown the central role of the gene regulation group composed by NANOG, FGF4, GATA6 and FGFR2 for Epi/PrE cell specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Bessonnard
- GReD, Inserm U1103, CNRS UMR6293, Clermont Université, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
| | - Didier Gonze
- Unité de chronobiologie théorique, faculté des Sciences, université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), campus Plaine, CP 231, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Geneviève Dupont
- Unité de chronobiologie théorique, faculté des Sciences, université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), campus Plaine, CP 231, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
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49
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Yu FX, Zhao B, Guan KL. Hippo Pathway in Organ Size Control, Tissue Homeostasis, and Cancer. Cell 2016; 163:811-28. [PMID: 26544935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1536] [Impact Index Per Article: 192.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two decades of studies in multiple model organisms have established the Hippo pathway as a key regulator of organ size and tissue homeostasis. By inhibiting YAP and TAZ transcription co-activators, the Hippo pathway regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and stemness in response to a wide range of extracellular and intracellular signals, including cell-cell contact, cell polarity, mechanical cues, ligands of G-protein-coupled receptors, and cellular energy status. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway exerts a significant impact on cancer development. Further investigation of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of this pathway will help uncovering the mystery of organ size control and identify new targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Xing Yu
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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50
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Abstract
Whether or not early mammalian development results from preformation or epigenesis remains an unresolved issue. Evidence for or against either is weak, inconclusive, and often misinterpreted. Yet, one can parsimoniously conceptualize formation of the mouse blastocyst as a series of random, stochastic events stemming from initial and sequential small asymmetries in egg, zygote, and cleavage stages. Differential compartmentalized gene expression does not lead but follows the morphogenesis and cell fate allocation in the mammalian blastocyst.
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